1. Application as a type of definition

Application – it is a definition that is expressed by a noun. The application characterizes the object in a new way, gives it a different name or indicates the degree of relationship, nationality, rank, profession, etc. The application is always used in the same case as the noun to which it refers.

Master(i.p.), tough guy (i.p.), I was not happy with either the guests or the profit(N. Leskov).

This story belongs to the famous writer - science fiction writer (d.p.).

Please note: if the application and the word it defines are expressed as common nouns, then a hyphen is placed between them. For example:

Butterflies- cabbages fluttered over the flower beds.

If the application or defined word is expressed by a proper name, a hyphen is placed only when the proper name comes before the common noun. Compare the two applications in the following sentence:

Moscow began with a small settlement in the place where small river Yauza flows into Moscow River (A.N. Tolstoy).

Collocation small river Yauza written without a hyphen, since here the proper name comes after the common noun, and the phrase Moscow River is written with a hyphen because in it the proper name comes before the common noun.

2. Segregation of applications

The previous topic was about placing punctuation marks in sentences with definitions. You learned that a definition related to a noun is isolated only if it comes after it, and a definition related to a personal pronoun is always isolated, regardless of its place in the sentence. Compare pairs of sentences:

2) They, wet in the rain, decided to go to the hotel And Wet in the rain, they decided to go to the hotel.

As you can see, the rule for separating definitions consists of two main parts. Now let's turn to the application separation rule, which is a little more complicated: it will have three points that you need to remember. Please note that all points refer to common applications (that is, applications consisting of several words).

1) If the application refers to a common noun, then it is isolated in any case, regardless of its place in the sentence. For example:

My father, Captain of the Border Troops, served in the Far East And Captain of the Border Troops, my father served in the Far East.

2) If the application refers to a proper noun, it is isolated only when it comes after it. For example:

Ivanov, Captain of the Border Troops, served in the Far East And Captain of the Border Troops Ivanov served in the Far East.

3) If the application refers to a personal pronoun, then it is isolated in any case, regardless of its place in the sentence. For example:

He, Captain of the Border Troops, served in the Far East And Captain of the Border Troops, he served in the Far East.

This rule has a few notes:

1. Sometimes an application that is given great importance in a statement and which comes at the end of a sentence can be separated with a dash rather than a comma, for example: August was coming to an end - last month of summer .

2. Sometimes an application may begin with the conjunction HOW. In such cases, you should try to replace this union with the combination IN QUALITY. If such a replacement is possible, then there is no need to put commas. For example: Gas as a fuel is now widely used. The rules for placing commas before the conjunction HOW will be discussed in more detail in a separate part of our course.

Exercise

Finally, he could not stand it and reported his suspicions to the clerk of the noble guardianship, Polovinkin (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

You, who just a few minutes ago was shaking for your lousy life, showed us all an example of desperate courage and unprecedented stupidity. Among us there is no equal to You. With our large collective mind, we could not comprehend why You_ the hero_ needed to see Rogue Ant when, when it appears, it is enough to tremble and subside (E. Klyuev).

By the way, the owner’s family consisted of a wife, mother-in-law and two children_teenagers- boy and girl (F. Iskander).

In a white cloak with a bloody lining, a shuffling cavalry gait, early in the morning of the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nisan, the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate (M. Bulgakov), came out into the covered colonnade between the two wings of the palace of Herod the Great.

The senator, his new owner, did not oppress them at all, he even loved young Tolochanov, but his quarrel with his wife continued; she could not forgive him for his deception and ran away from him with someone else (A. Herzen).

IN living room_reception_ completely dark (M. Bulgakov).

Nastya helped her here too: she took measurements from Lisa’s feet, ran to Trofim the shepherd and ordered him a pair of bast shoes according to that measurement (A. Pushkin).

Among other things, they said that the headman’s wife Mavra was a healthy and not stupid woman in her entire life and had never been anywhere further than her native village... (A. Chekhov).

Well, it’s not far to look, two months ago a certain Belikov, a teacher of the Greek language, my friend (A. Chekhov), died in our city.

But on Elena’s face at three o’clock in the afternoon the arrows showed the lowest and most depressed hour of life—half past six (M. Bulgakov).

My mother-in-law Avdotya Vasilyevna Aksenova, born under serfdom, a simple illiterate “woman from Ryazan”, was distinguished by a deep philosophical turn of mind... (E. Ginzburg).

...We learned that our crazy grandfather Pyotr Kirillich was killed in this house by his illegitimate son Gervaska, a friend of our father and cousin of Natalya... (I. Bunin).

All around there was a kind of sluggish bedlam going on - a pause like that after a stormy Sabbath (V. Shukshin).

The famous Schiller is a tinsmith on Meshchanskaya Street. Standing next to Schiller was Hoffman - not the writer Hoffman, but a rather good shoemaker from Officers Street - a great friend of Schiller (N. Gogol).

Some kind of bastard, Siberian-looking tramp cat emerged from behind a drainpipe and, despite the blizzard, smelled the Krakow one (M. Bulgakov).

... In the city of Moscow, he_this man_ suddenly received the right to exist, acquired meaning and even significance (M. Bulgakov).

The best days of the year have arrived - the first days of June (I. Turgenev).

Only she, this heroic glove, is too much for people to bear. (P. Bazhov).

Katya_ Danilova, the bride_ remained unmarried (P. Bazhov).

The fragments of Danilushkova's dope_chalice remained, but Katya took care of them (P. Bazhov).

She cried and looked - right at her foot the malachite stone appeared, but it was all sitting in the ground (P. Bazhov).

Gatchina and Pavlovsk - the residences of the grand ducal couple - have remained to this day, despite new plans and reconstructions, monuments of the era of Paul (G. Chulkov).

But only parent_deceased_ he was not a fool to let such a place, from which all rafting on the river begins, out of his hands (P. Bazhov).

I suspect that her husband, the peaceful Abkhaz prince, had to endure more crude forms of manifestation of her despotic temperament (F. Iskander).

There are no troikas, no riding “Kirghiz”, no hounds and greyhounds, no servants and no owner of all this _ landowner_hunter_, like my late brother-in-law Arseny Semenych (I. Bunin).

“Prince Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin,” he answered with complete and immediate readiness (F. Dostoevsky).

Moreover, her face was similar to her mother, and her mother, some kind of princess with Eastern blood, suffered from something like black melancholy (I. Bunin).

Such sleeves disappeared, time flashed like a spark, the father_professor_ died, everyone grew up, but the clock remained the same and chimed like a tower (M. Bulgakov).

INFORMATION BLOCK

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

8TH GRADE

The information block contains systematized and generalized theoretical information on the Russian language for the 8th grade course, creates the opportunity to successfully prepare for tests, control dictations, vocabulary dictations, and receive additional assessment by completing tasks on the card or tests. The information block aims to help 8th grade students prepare successfully for the Russian language exam.

Textbook for 8th grade of general education institutions.

M.: Education, 2003.

In the 8th grade in Russian the following sections are studied:

1. COMBINATION

2. OFFER

3. SIMPLE SENTENCE

4. TWO-PART SENTENCES

5. SINGLE SENTENCES

6. INCOMPLETE SENTENCES

7. SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

8. SENTENCES WITH ADDRESSES, INTRODUCTORY WORDS, INTERJOMETIES

9. OFFERS WITH SEPARATE MEMBERS

10. OFFERS WITH CLARIFICATION SEPARATE MEMBERS

11.WAYS OF TRANSMITTING ANOTHER SPEECH. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

NUMBER OF TESTING WORKS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN 8TH GRADE:

control dictations-5

control vocabulary dictations - 4

presentations-4

essays-4

test works - 8

QUESTIONS FOR TESTS ON TOPICS:

1. "Phrase"

a) What do you know about the structure and grammatical meaning of the phrase? Does structure depend on meaning?

b) Are there synonymous phrases?

2. "Offer"

a) What do you know about the structure and grammatical meaning of a sentence?

b) What is the grammatical basis of a sentence?

c) How are sentences divided according to the purpose of the statement? What is an exclamatory sentence? How to explain what is in a sentence WHY DIDN'T YOU SAY

THE WHOLE TRUTH?! are there two punctuation marks?

d) How are sentences divided according to the number of grammatical stems?

e) How are simple sentences divided according to the number of main members in the grammatical basis? How are proposals divided according to the presence or absence of secondary

f) Can one-part sentences be common, and two-part sentences uncommon?

3. "Two-part sentences"

a) What is the grammatical basis of a two-part simple sentence? What is the subject? What is a predicate? What is the difference

common sentences from non-common ones?

b) How is the subject expressed? Give examples.

c) What types of predicate do you know? How is the grammatical and lexical meaning expressed in each? Give examples.

d) Tell us, in what cases is a dash placed between the subject and the predicate? Give examples.

e) What groups are the minor members divided into? Tell us about each minor member. Give examples.

f) How do agreed definitions differ from inconsistent ones? Give examples.

g) Tell us about applications expressed by proper names, and about placing a hyphen in applications.

h) Tell us about punctuation marks in comparative and participial phrases.

4. "One-part sentences"

a) What one-part sentences do you know?

b) What main members can the grammatical basis of a one-part sentence consist of?

c) How can the main member be expressed in each group of one-part sentences? Give examples.

d) Where are denominative sentences most often used?

e) How do incomplete sentences differ from one-part sentences? Can one-part sentences be incomplete? Give examples.

5. "Sentences with homogeneous members"

a) Which parts of the sentence are called homogeneous? How do they connect to each other?

b) Name the groups of coordinating conjunctions. Give examples.

c) How can you distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions? Give examples.

d) Name the conditions under which a comma is always placed between homogeneous terms.

e) Under what condition is a comma not placed between homogeneous terms?

f) Tell us about punctuation marks in sentences with generalizing words with homogeneous members.

6. "Offers with separate members"

a) Which parts of the sentence are called isolated?

b) In what cases are definitions and applications separated? Give examples.

CONTROL DICTS

In the morning, the hikers set off again, hoping to climb to the top of the mountain today.* It is not high, but has four ledges.

A barely noticeable winding path winds along the bank of a narrow mountain river, originating from a glacier, and then sharply climbs to the left. Travelers struggle to overcome the steep climb.

The path goes around random piles of stones, complicating the path.** You have to overcome these obstacles as well. Thickets of wild raspberries strewn with berries also interfere. Its thorny branches cling to backpacks and clothes.

This is the top. Here tourists settle down to rest. A wonderful panorama opens up from here. To the left of the foot of the mountain lies a valley covered with dark green forest. Here and there the mirrors of small lakes sparkle in the sun. For thousands of years, their banks were overgrown with dense vegetation. To the right stretches an endless chain of hills, completely covered with greenery.

All day long, tourists enjoyed the beauty of the mountains, sunbathed, and sang songs to the accompaniment of a guitar. Only in the evening, afraid of getting lost in the dark, they returned to the path leading to the camp, sharing their impressions of the hike.

Grammar task

Option 1 Option 2

2. Indicate the ending and stem.

3. Highlight suffixes and prefixes (if any), and in complex ones

words and connecting vowels.

4. Indicate the root (or roots in complex words).

The order of word-formation analysis.

1. Find the word (or its stem) from which the given one is derived

(taking into account the lexical meaning).

2. Determine with which prefix, suffix, etc.

this word was formed.

2) This memory of spring excites thought and carries it far, far away.

3) I invited my companion to drink a glass of tea together.

1. Definition is a minor member of the sentence that answers the question:

2. The definition is correctly stated in the sentence:

1) Riding on horseback interested me a lot.

2) He was overcome by a wave of memories.

3) Every word sounded somewhere inside him, like the beat of a big drum.

3. The definition expressed by an adjective is in the sentence:

1) It used to be that a granddaughter received her grandmother’s sundress as a dowry.

2) Meanwhile, Petya’s heart was yearning.

3) The maddened horses rushed madly and rushed along the highway.

4. The definition expressed by the participle is in the sentence:

1) I really didn’t like his jokes about the commandant’s family yesterday.

2) The main charm of the sea lay in some kind of mystery.

3) In the thinned forest, the road is visible far away.

5. The agreed definition is in the sentence:

1) The custom of visiting neighbors was not invented by us.

2) The lonely seal remained dozing in place.

3) How sweetly the gentle turtle doves murmur in the thick cherry tree!

6. There is an inconsistent definition in the sentence:

1) Heavy groans are heard in the roar of the wind.

2) Among us there was no more active person than Mikhail .

3) I liked cycling.

Continue the offer.

1. Application is a definition expressed ...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. The application is included in the offer:

1) The Queen Pine, sparkling from top to bottom, was especially beautiful.

2) The sea reflected the lights of the lanterns and was dotted with a mass of yellow spots.

3) Tsar Saltan is sitting in the chamber.

3. The highlighted word is an application in a sentence:

1) People with sideburns stood and smoked pipes.

2) Village Gorki stood on the high bank of the river.

3) The siskin slammed villainess- trap.

4. There is an inconsistent application in the sentence:

1) I learned about this from the Izvestia newspaper.

2) The valet handed him shoes with red heels.

3) The old watchman climbed the bell tower.

5. A proper name is an application in a sentence:

1) My first serious acquaintance with Lake Baikal took place on foot.

2) We traveled for almost a day on the ancient steamship “Komsomolets”.

3) The poet spent his childhood on the banks of the Volga.

6. The hyphen is missing in the sentence:

1) The road went along the steep bank of the Ural River.

2) Little marten sisters are running around the Christmas trees.

3) Levitan’s painting “After the Rain” contains all the charm of rainy twilight in a Volga town.

Continue the sentence.

1. A circumstance is a minor member of a sentence that...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. The circumstance is in the sentence:

1) Moans, squeals and quiet laughter were heard in the roar of the wind.

2) The snowstorm became stronger and stronger in the evening.

3. The highlighted word is a circumstance in a sentence:

1) There was a conversation with him useless.

2) My first pleasure is to subjugate my will All.

3) I confess, not Very I love urban blue-brown pigeons.

4. The circumstance of the course of action is in the sentence:

1) I woke up quite late in the morning.

2) The commander walked ahead of the company, limping.

3) Fine snow began to fall and suddenly fell in flakes.

5. The circumstance of time is in the sentence:

1) I wanted to get to the village of Svyatoye before dark.

2) I sat motionless and looked with amazement and effort.

3) Despite the word given to Ipatov, Vladimir Sergeevich decided to dine at home.

1) The wind outside the walls of the house was raging like an old, cold, naked devil.

2) I walked for about half an hour, moving my legs with difficulty.

3) Knowledge takes care of you like a mother, teaches you goodness like a father.

Continue the sentence.

1. The secondary members of the sentence are...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. The highlighted word is the subject of the sentence:

1) Poverty not a vice.

2) From the trees something it fell quietly.

3) One weekday morning, my grandfather and I were raking in the yard snow.

3. The predicate is a compound verb in a sentence:

1) I could wander around the city for hours.

2) Everyone asked her to sing something.

3) We came to talk about the upcoming trip.

4. The nominal part of the predicate is expressed by a participle in the sentence:

1) He was a touched witness of her infantile amusements.

2) She was not hasty, not cold, not talkative.

3) Here the city will be founded in spite of the arrogant neighbor.

5. The highlighted word is an addition in the sentence:

1) I love you very much titles small rivers and rivulets.

2) in spring It is interesting to observe nature in summer, autumn and winter.

3) Friends asked me take care about their dog.

6. There is a direct object in the sentence:

1) Due to my stupidity, I did not know how to hold on to my happiness.

2) The cloud turned into a white cloud.

3) The lynx wandered through the forest all night.

7. The highlighted word is a definition in a sentence:

1) All my hopes were dashed.

2) A lamp was burning on the table without glass.

3) They walked ahead seven Guys.

8. There is an inconsistent definition in the sentence:

1) Something unusual was happening now.

2) A single drop of rain fell vertically into the water.

3) The desire to punish the impudent evil-tonguer became even stronger in me.

9. The application is in the offer:

1) The old mountain man was returning to the village late in the evening.

2) Sunrises on Lake Baikal are something amazing.

3) We went to the rampart - an elevation formed by nature and fortified with a palisade.

10. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) The root of the teaching is bitter, but its fruits are sweet.

2) The mind is a garment that never wears out.

3) The writer’s job is to resist suffering with all his might.

1) The first stars glittered like drops of silver water, barely noticeable.

2) The green meadow is like a wonderful garden, fragrant and fresh at dawn.

3) The fragrant bird cherry blossomed in spring and the golden branches curled like curls.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. A two-part sentence is:

1) At morning dawn, an old small steamer quietly sailed along the Ladoga Canal.

2) Talking about this, I can’t help but remember an amazing incident that happened to me.

3) You look at a bird flying over the grass and are amazed at its deft flight.

1) You cannot fill a bottomless barrel with water.

2) It was quiet all around.

3) The dawn has been blushing in the sky for a long time.

3. The main member of the sentence is correctly highlighted:

1) They laid it on me bed in the room next to my brother's bedroom.

2) You'll go wild from such a life.

3) It’s still a little outside it was dawning.

4. The grammatical basis of the sentence is correctly defined:

1) Already completely It got dark.

2) She's scared I wanted to drink.

3) At the wall stood eight people.

5. The predicate is the main member of a one-part sentence:

1) It's starting to get colder.

2) This is my house.

3) We need to work.

6. A common sentence is:

1) Can't sleep.

2) It's time for us to go.

3) No one will wait.

Continue the sentence.

1. Definitely personal sentences are one-part sentences...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. A one-part sentence is:

1) This time the boy was with us.

2) I will tell fairy tales and sing a song.

3) If I’m driving down a dark street at night, I’ll hear a storm on a cloudy day.

1) Citizens, in a timely manner pay travel

2) Really, Marya Ivanovna, would you like and you us leave?

3) Kolya, bring it, please give me a book.

4. The sentence is definitely personal:

1) Why are you all laughing?

2) It was impossible to even think about it.

3) Don't let your soul be lazy.

5. The form of the main member of the sentence is correctly determined:

1) I love (expressive ink., present tense, 1st letter, singular) you, Peter’s creation.

2) Let’s take (indicative inscription, present tense, 1st letter, plural) hands, friends!

3) Bring (command order, 2nd letter, unit) an umbrella to me as soon as possible.

6. The main member is expressed by a verb in the 2nd person singular of the indicative mood in the sentence:

1) Well, my friend, come with me!

2) Don't tell me bad things.

3) Are you going home soon?

Continue the sentence.

1. Indefinite-personal sentences are one-part sentences...

2. A one-part sentence is:

1) You should live here until the fall.

2) Sailing on the river at night is good.

3) What do they write in the newspapers?

3. The grammatical basis of the sentence is correctly indicated:

1) What are you listening.

2) Without difficulty you can't take it out and fish from the pond.

3) to you handed over train ticket?

4. The sentence is indefinitely personal:

1) Someone handed you a newspaper.

2) Newspapers are brought twice a day.

3) Please check the dictation.

5. The form of the sentence member is correctly determined:

1) There is noise on the street (indicative, present tense, 3rd letter, plural).

2) The books have already been brought (indicative inscription, past tense, plural).

3) They will call you (indicative inscription, future tense, 3rd letter, plural) tomorrow.

6. The main member is expressed by a verb in the form of the 3rd person plural present tense:

1) You are asked to come to the phone.

2) We were called to the table.

3) You will be invited soon.

Continue the sentence.

1. Impersonal sentences are one-part sentences with a predicate...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. A one-part sentence is:

1) Tomorrow it will get colder.

2) The city falls silent.

3) You will not see such battles.

1) Fighter wounded.

2) Fighter injured.

3) Fighter wounded.

4. The sentence is impersonal:

1) Don't tell me bad things.

2) I'm chilling.

3) Walking was out of the question.

5. The main member of the impersonal sentence is correctly indicated:

1) Care should be taken about patients.

3) Necessary more often repeat passed.

6. The main member is a compound verb in a sentence:

1) I need to call home.

2) The road was washed away by water.

3) He was no longer in the yard.

Continue the sentence.

1. Nominal sentences are one-part sentences that...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. A one-part sentence is:

1) It's very cold.

2) Severe frost.

3) It is severely frosty.

3. The grammatical basis of the sentence is correctly highlighted:

1) Case in a word you can't replace it.

2) Which one house!

3) Here If only it were summer!

4. The nominative sentence is:

1) What a weather!

2) It's hot here.

3) What a night!

5. The main member of the nominative sentence is correctly highlighted:

1) It’s stuffy outside the windows summer.

2) Yes, here you go our house.

3) Which one fog!

6. There was a punctuation error in the sentence:

1) It’s cold in the morning, wind and sun.

2) Here comes the sun, but before lunch it was cloudy.

3) Above the mountains there is a pale green, light, silent sky.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. The sentence is two-part:

1) I'll be back in an hour.

2) Come back in an hour.

3) Everyone returned in an hour.

2. A one-part sentence is:

1) It is necessary to pay the rent on time.

2) I had to go to the store for bread.

3) Someone knocked on the window.

3. The main members of the sentence are correctly indicated:

1) Farewell, brothers!

2) Today, good friends, I'll have some fun a new fairy tale for you.

3) How terrible weather!

4. The main member is the predicate in a one-part sentence:

1) It was difficult to walk.

2) Talking about this, I can’t help but remember an amazing incident that happened to me recently.

3) What a good day today is!

5. A definitely personal sentence is:

1) Please send me new books.

2) Recently they sent me new books.

3) We need to send him new books.

6. The form of the main member of the sentence is correctly determined:

1) Hurry up and put on your coat.

2) You re-read this book (indicative inscription, present time, 2nd sheet, plural) with pleasure.

3) Read (leading incl., 2nd sheet, plural) more books.

7. The sentence is indefinitely personal:

1) You are asked to come to the phone.

2) Have you been given an invitation to the evening?

3) It was blowing strongly from the window.

8. The form of the main member of the sentence is correctly determined:

1) There was a quiet knock on the window (expressive inc., past tense, 3rd letter, plural).

2) A new school will soon be opened in our area (indicative inscription, bud. vr., 3rd letter, plural).

3) Behind the door they spoke briskly (indicative, past tense, plural) in Russian.

9. The sentence is impersonal:

1) His legs hurt.

2) I would like to see you.

3) It is useful to swim in the sea.

10. The main member of the impersonal sentence is correctly identified:

1) To me we must meet with friends.

2) About this you can't even think about it.

3) Can would invite him to join us.

11. The main member is a compound verb in a sentence:

1) We need to go to the dacha to water the flowers.

2) We were refused.

3) I need to write an article by the end of the month.

12. The nominative sentence is:

1) What silence!

2) Today you can go to the forest.

3) It’s a pity to return home.

13. The highlighted sentence is incomplete:

1) He looked with curiosity, she - with triumph.

2) Movement is life, and life without movement is empty.

3) Ilyusha - to the gate, but the mother’s voice was heard from the window.

Continue the sentence.

1. Homogeneous members are expressed...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. There are homogeneous members in the sentence:

1) The spool is small, but expensive.

2) Let us forgive the fever of youth and youthful fever and youthful delirium.

3) The air breathes the aroma of spring, and all nature comes to life.

3. Homogeneous members are correctly identified in proposal:

1) Gloomy forest is silent or howls deaf.

2) Met women with baskets on their heads, soldiers on carts, creaking carts on buffaloes.

3) On the way winter, boring Three greyhounds are running.

4. Homogeneous additions are in the sentence:

1) As a child, I saw the sky, birds, alleys in the windows of my house.

2) They spoke with pride, with love, with delight about the winners of the competition.

3) I lie and smile at the rare clouds, the sun, the sea.

5. Homogeneous definitions are in the sentence:

1) Our eyes are sometimes blue, sometimes brown, sometimes black.

2) The short twilight quickly gave way to a wonderful, gentle tropical night.

3) From somewhere far away came a strange, intermittent, drawn-out sound.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) The bright May day sparkled with all its blue, lilac and green colors.

2) A strong, gusty wind shook the trees and hummed in the forest.

3) Outside the window, a fine, cold autumn day shone golden.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. Union And connects homogeneous members in a sentence(s):

1) Light streaks from the fire and black shadows of the night danced around the fire.

2) The incessant rain and the constant increase in water in the river worried our guides very much.

3) Dusk was approaching, and we had to hurry.

2. Between homogeneous members there is an adversative conjunction in a sentence:

1) The leaves in the forest are juicy, thick and green.

2) We need to plant forests not only to restore the natural forces of the earth, but also for our economy.

3) The stars shone high, but dimly in the sky.

3. Between homogeneous members there is a connecting conjunction in the sentence(s):

1) There is knocking and thunder at the mill.

2) Not a single grass below, not a single leaf on the upper branch of the tree moves.

3) The chicken pecks a grain at a time, but is full.

4. Homogeneous members are connected by a double conjunction in the sentence(s):

1) On a campaign, one must rely not so much on the strength of the people, but on the strength of the pack animals.

2) Many birds destroy not only insects, but also rodents.

3) Oak, birch, ash and willow grew either in groups or alone.

5. Homogeneous members are separated by commas in the sentence(s):

1) A wet leaf from the aspen and road willows just whips into your back and neck.

2) He retained the sparkle of his azure eyes and the sonorous laughter of children and his lively speech.

3) I could not discover in him a passion for either food or hunting.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence(s):

1) The entire wide steppe threw off the morning penumbra, smiled, and sparkled with dew.

2) The deep silence in nature was broken only by monotonous noise and the buzzing of insects.

3) The shore and the evening sky, and the white stripes of clouds were reflected deeply, deeply in the pond.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. The generalizing word comes after homogeneous members in the sentence:

1) Among the birds and insects in the dry grass, the approach of autumn could be felt everywhere in the air.

2) All these birds, ducks of all breeds and swans are almost not afraid of humans.

3) Neither the peaks nor the snow nor even the clouds were reflected in the smooth surface of the lake.

2. The generalizing word in the sentence is correctly underlined:

1) Everywhere: in the bushes, in the grass, birds began to sing and chirp.

2) No pillar, no haystack, no fence - Nothing can not see.

3) The sunrise blazed and illuminated All: pine trees, cliff, river and clouds.

3. Missing colon in sentence:

1) The fields, groves, and villages rushing past were all shrouded in a lilac haze.

2) Because of the heat, everything turned yellow: the sky, the fields, and the air.

3) I forgot all the smile, laughter, joy, and sadness.

4. Missing dash in sentence:

1) There is nothing here for the mind, neither a gymnasium nor a library nor a theater.

2) All this: the night, the distance, the mountains, and the stars seemed to me full of unprecedented charm.

3) Neither the tree nor the water will move.

1) Everything seemed sweet: the forest and the rivers.

2) Sharp hunting requires three conditions: dark night, light water and completely clear weather.

3) All species of resinous trees such as pine, spruce, fir and others are called “red forest”.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) Everything around was still sleeping in the dead sleep of the morning.

2) The girl’s face and the sun, the shadows and the fast river - everything was lovely on this sweet morning.

3) Mountains, valleys, meadows, and forests - everything is flooded with sunlight.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. There is an isolated member in the sentence:

1) Savelich did not leave me behind, without interrupting his plaintive prayers.

2) Suddenly I saw in the darkness, right in front of me, about five men armed with clubs.

3) Not knowing the password, I wanted to silently drive past them.

2. A separate definition is in the sentence:

1) Entering the room, the man hit the floor with his staff with all his might.

2) White, bizarrely shaped clouds appeared on the horizon in the morning.

3) A light steam hovered over the fields, filling the air with the smell of thawed earth.

3. A separate definition is expressed by a participial phrase in a sentence:

1) It was the old Katya with braids around her head, with curls on her forehead.

3) A pale light, similar to water slightly diluted with blue, flooded part of the horizon.

4. A separate definition is expressed by an adjective with a dependent word in a sentence:

1) The quiet night, all golden from the crescent moon, mixed with the subtle light of dawn.

2) The cold air, filled with the freshness of the night, made you shiver.

3) On the side facing the field on the right corner there was a tower built a long time ago.

5. A separate definition is expressed by adjectives in a sentence:

1) It was just a Russian soul, truthful, honest, simple.

2) Gifted with extraordinary strength, Gerasim worked for two.

3) A small train of empty freight cars approached.

6. A common definition comes after the word being defined in a sentence:

1) In the distance, through the fog in the snow, I saw the gray, unshakable Caucasus burning like a diamond.

2) Tired and languid in the heat, he lay down in an oak grove.

3) He runs wild and harsh and full of sounds and confusion to the shores of desert waves.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. A separate definition refers to a personal pronoun in a sentence:

1) At seven o'clock in the evening, dusty and tired, we entered the wide fortified gates of the fortress.

2) Tired of new impressions, I fell asleep earlier than usual.

3) Full of thought, I once walked along the high road.

2. A separate definition comes after the word being defined in a sentence:

1) The green forest all around is young and dewy.

2) In her long dress with a hat on her head, she went out into the hall.

3) Lost in his thoughts, Chechevitsyn did not answer.

3. The participial phrase is not isolated in the sentence:

1) The detachment that left early in the morning had already covered four miles.

2) The sun shone on the newly blossoming foliage.

3) Along the dusty road leading to the gardens were creaking carts lined with black grapes.

4. The definition standing before the word being defined is isolated in the sentence:

1) Pale, he lay on the floor holding a pistol in his right hand.

2) Hungry and frozen, I return to the estate at dusk.

3) The wind blowing from all sides sometimes intensified.

5. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) Varvara Pavlovna, in a hat and shawl, was hastily returning from a walk.

2) Like a wounded bird, carried away by a strong wind, our boat rushed along the shore.

3) On the silver horizon, transparent streams of air trembled from thin distant dust.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) It was a sunny day, frosty and clear.

2) High and sparse clouds, yellow and white like belated spring snow, barely rushed across the clear sky.

3) My feet constantly got tangled in the grass, saturated with the hot sun.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. A separate application is included in the offer:

1) Aksinya was given the only “master’s” bird in her arms, a tufted smoky drake.

2) Standing on the road was Alyohin himself, a man of about forty.

3) There is a tall man in a white shirt and a black hat standing on the cart.

2. A common application is in the sentence:

1) This student named Mikhalevich, an enthusiast and poet, sincerely fell in love with Lavretsky.

2) Most often I met my grandfather, the basket maker.

3) The owner, a Yaik Cossack by birth, seemed to be a man of about sixty.

3. The application refers to the pronoun in the sentence:

1) Vanya, a boy of about six, came up to us.

2) Seeker of new impressions, I ran from you, fatherly land.

3) All of us passengers were sitting or lying on the deck of the tugboat.

4. The application comes after the word being defined in the sentence:

1) There, in the old years of satire, the brave ruler Fonvizin shone...

2) In the distance a small red house appeared on the pier.

3) It is close, the day of our meeting is near, my friend, I will see you.

5. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) From the forest, like an advanced messenger, a fresh breeze rushed.

2) Red torches flutter in the water, reflecting the lights of the shore and ships.

3) In front of us along the path lay a stump, a half-rotten remnant of a once mighty oak tree.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) Sometimes Ilyusha, like a frisky boy, just wants to rush in and redo everything himself.

2) The first precursors of bad weather floated low - torn wisps of clouds.

3) A good man, he could not refuse anyone’s request.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. There is an isolated circumstance in the sentence:

1) This spring comes out of a cleft in the bank, which little by little turned into a small but deep ravine.

2) The frightened horses galloped with their ears flattened, snoring, glancing sideways at the peals of thunder.

3) Thanks to a lot of new impressions, the day passed unnoticed for Kashtanka.

2. A common circumstance is in the sentence:

1) The stars shone imperishably outside the window, multiplying the beauty of the night.

2) I was reading in the garden, sitting in my grandmother’s wicker chair.

3) In the bare outlying gardens, starlings sat on rickety birdhouses and whistled hoarsely as they warmed up.

3. The word to which the common circumstance refers is correctly indicated in the sentence:

1) B corner, sheltered in a tiny wooden booth, the old woman was knitting a stocking.

2) Returning home, she immediately left to your room.

3) Raising a heavy sail, fisherman goes for long-distance fishing.

4. A common circumstance comes after the word to which it refers in a sentence:

1) The day was hot, bright and radiant despite the occasional rain.

2) The sun will shine brightly, illuminating both the forest and the steppe and the old estate.

3) Rushing between smoky clouds, he loves fatal storms, and the foam of rivers, and the noise of oak trees.

1) I walked like this for about half an hour, moving my legs with difficulty.

2) Chasing the passers-by, Seryozha tripped and, while running, hit his knee on a tree.

3) In the sea distance, if you look closely, you can discern the outlines of the islands.

1) She was sitting on a chair near the window, turning away and almost hiding her head.

2) The cold wind blew incessantly.

3) The spring sun, having circled the prescribed path, set into the young steppe behind the long hills.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. There is a clarifying member in the sentence:

1) Then, putting on his boots, throwing a jacket over his shoulders and without buttoning the collar of his shirt, he goes out onto the porch.

2) To the right of the house on the shore of the pond there is a huge park.

3) She came in from the cold, cheerful and flushed...

2. There is a clarifying circumstance in the sentence:

1) I got up early, at dawn, and immediately got to work.

2) “White mosquitoes”, that is, snowflakes, occasionally appeared in the air.

3) Below, near the river, a fire was burning.

3. There is a clarifying addition in the sentence:

1) We drove only during the day, in order to avoid any road accidents.

2) Nothing was visible except the waves flying from the darkness.

3) Far away, on the other side, in the impenetrable darkness, several bright red lights were burning.

4. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) White, clean sands with ridges of multi-colored pebbles, that is, stones, were widely spread out in front of them.

2) After two days of bad weather, or, rather, wet weather, clear autumn time has arrived.

3) Through the dust that covered my eyes, nothing was visible except the brilliance of lightning.

5. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) At the end of August, along a large gorge road, between Duvanskaya and Bakhchisarai, an officer’s cart was moving at a pace, barely moving.

2) In the cart, in the front, squatting, sat an orderly in a nankeen frock coat and a completely soft former officer’s cap.

3) On the cart, in front of everyone, a bearded man in a hat sat sideways and, holding the whip with his elbow, tied the whip.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) He forced her to walk on her hind legs, pretended to be a bell, that is, he pulled her tail strongly.

2) The son of Hadji Murad, an eighteen-year-old youth, Yusuf, was sitting in prison, that is, in a deep pit.

3) The cloud now remained to the right, and ahead, in the yellow sea of ​​​​bread, a small island of forest was visible.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. There are homogeneous members in the sentence:

1) The soil lay exposed and soaked, abundantly mixed with beaten, threshed straw.

2) The driven horses wheezed heavily, walked at a pace and only shuddered from the whip.

3) After dinner at a local simple restaurant, three of us friends decided to take a walk along the quiet evening streets.

2. Homogeneous additions are in the sentence:

1) I love country roads, the quietly weaving horse, the naive conversation of the coachman.

2) Every day I see Vera at the well and on walks.

3) Ivan Dmitrievich pictures autumn with rains, cold winds and Indian summer.

3. There is a punctuation error in the sentence:

1) Coal-black starlings have long settled on a tall, spreading birch tree.

2) A long, foggy streak appeared on the eastern side of the sky.

3) Either low, black clouds or the cold smoke of a gigantic fire were rushing from the east.

4. Conjunction and connects homogeneous members in a sentence:

1) Two enemy cannonballs had already flown over the bridge and there was a crush on the bridge.

2) It was quiet and from that mountain the sounds of horns and screams of the enemy could occasionally be heard.

3) In one place, the steep side of the elevations rose higher than the others and was completely hidden in the greenery of densely crowded trees.

5. Homogeneous members are connected by a double conjunction in a sentence:

1) The river, faithful to its high banks, formed angles with them throughout the entire space, and sometimes moved away from them.

2) The distant mountains were covered with either fog or some kind of haze.

3) A fairy tale is needed not only for children but also for adults.

6. There is a punctuation error in the sentence:

2) And a tough friend strokes and pats his neck with a farewell hand.

3) The sounds and smells, clouds and people were strangely beautiful.

7. The generalizing word is highlighted in the sentence:

1) All around moss: and below underfoot, and on stones, and on tree branches.

2) The guests talked about many pleasant and interesting things, such as: about nature, about dogs, about wheat...

8. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) There was everything here - maple, pear, low broom, birch, spruce...

2) Everywhere: in the club, on the streets, on the benches at the gate, noisy conversations took place.

3) And the cliffs and the sea, and the mountains and the shore - all this took on one common color.

9. There is an isolated member in the sentence:

1) I was sitting in a birch grove in the fall around mid-September.

2) From the very morning there was a light rain, replaced at times by warm sunshine.

3) The interior of the grove, wet from the rain, was constantly changing.

10. A separate definition is inconsistent in a sentence:

1) Masha, pale and trembling, approached Ivan Kuzmich.

2) Many Russian rivers, like the Volga, have one mountain bank and the other meadow.

3) The sky, full of thunderstorms, was all trembling in lightning.

11. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) This one-story house stretches out into a courtyard overgrown with clean and deserted turf, with a well in the middle, under a roof on two wooden posts.

2) Three windows of the house, narrow and cut by arches, were high above the ground.

3) The guy was wearing pants rolled up above his knees and a shirt pulled out over his pants.

12. There is a separate application in the offer:

1) In the place of the truck that drove away stood Pyotr Filippovich, our burgomaster.

2) Two young men, a student and an officer, were the same age and both were handsome.

3) Varvara Pavlovna, wearing a hat and shawl, hastily returned from her walk.

13. There is a clarifying member in the sentence:

1) The smell of fallen leaves and smoke hung over the gardens, now intensifying and then weakening.

2) The elk ran out to the edge overgrown with bushes and, without stopping, headed towards the river.

3) Below at the foot of the pines it is already dark and dull.

14. There is a punctuation error in the sentence:

1) In the Meshchera region there are no special beauties and riches, except for forests, meadows and clear air.

2) Ahead of us, behind the felled forest, a rather large clearing opened up.

3) In the distance, the mill knocks, half-covered by willows, and doves, colorful in the bright air, quickly circle above it.

Continue the sentence.

1. Address in oral speech serves to...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. The appeal is in the sentence:

1) Rus' has spread wide across the face of the earth in royal beauty.

2) Hello, dear and beloved city!

3) This city is native and beloved.

3. The highlighted word is an address in a sentence:

1) Complete my steppe sleeps soundly.

2) Teach me nightingale to her art.

3) You are beautiful fields of native land...

4. Appeal is common in a sentence:

1) Are you singing the silver bell?

2) Open the sky-high blue doors of the day for me.

3) Old man, I heard many times that you saved me from death.

5. There is a punctuation error in the sentence:

1) A pale young man with a burning gaze! Now I give you three covenants.

2) Oh, smart one, are you delusional?

3) Yours is wrong, oh heaven, holy sentence.

6. There is a punctuation error in the sentence:

1) Why are you drooping, green willow tree?

2) Mother Nature! I come to you with my deep longing.

3) Light up, oh happy day! Clear away the thick fog.

Continue the sentence.

1. Introductory words have meanings: ...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. The introductory word is in the sentence:

1) There is nothing to do here. The friends kissed.

2) Praskovya Ivanovna charged him for lunch and drank his tea and therefore did not complain about his presence

3) Frankly, I was not very happy about his proposal.

3. The highlighted word is introductory in the sentence:

1) He Maybe will return home.

2) He can stay at home.

3) Apparently you haven’t been here for a long time.

4. Introductory words express feelings in a sentence:

1) The bouquet must have been collected recently.

2) Unfortunately, I still have to meet with my friend.

3) She probably never expected to meet us.

5. Introductory words indicate the source of the message:

1) Obviously he does not consider either his actions or his arguments important.

2) Fortunately, all my official duties in St. Petersburg were already completed.

3) According to him, we all had to take part in these competitions.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) She apparently just woke up.

2) Spring, consider it, has already arrived.

3) People love to remember, obviously because in the distance the content of the years they have lived becomes clearer.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. Plug-in design is in offer:

1) The young son either watched his sisters fish; he was not yet allowed to do so himself; then he played near his mother.

2) To my true surprise, his little horse ran well.

3) When I begin to die and, believe me, you won’t have to wait long to take me to our garden.

2. The highlighted words are an insertion construction in a sentence:

1) In the morning chill with a cheerful, argumentative step we covered eighteen kilometers

2) Large, beautiful birds there were thirteen of them in total flew in a triangle.

3) Fire brigade according to terrain conditions I couldn’t get close to the fire.

3. Punctuation marks are placed correctly in the sentence:

1) From below the river, its noise had not yet been heard, fog was creeping out.

2) Once - it was in 1900 - I was wandering through the taiga.

3) The hawk (I could now see it well) pulled the animal towards the alder forest.

4. Punctuation marks are placed correctly in the sentence:

1) People love to remember, obviously because in the distance the content of the years they have lived becomes clearer.

2) Obviously, these stones once fell off from the stone ridge at the top of the mountain.

3) The best tipster in the gymnasium - and also a Frenchman - Regame studied in our class.

5. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) Indeed, it’s time to calm down.

2) Spring (count) has already arrived.

3) He lost his temper and in the first minute of anger wanted to launch an attack on Kistenevka (that was the name of his neighbor’s village) with all his servants and ruin it to the ground.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) The air was warm and so quiet that it seemed that not a single grass, not a single cloud was moving.

2) Firstly, the patient was really in despair, and secondly, I myself felt a strong disposition towards her.

3) A sack of flour was sold (and then in the most secret way) for twenty-five rubles.

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

1. The appeal is in the sentence:

1) Listen, why don’t you send him away?

2) Nikolai Stepanych let me talk to you about the theater!

3) Again I am yours, oh young friends.

2. Introductory words are in the sentence:

1) Due to their young age, the children were not assigned any positions.

2) Judging by the smell, there was a farm somewhere nearby.

3) Volodya, to the great joy of his grandmother, shows extraordinary knowledge.

3. The highlighted words are addresses in a sentence:

1) Do you know You for example, what pleasure is it to listen to his voice?

2) You mother tea is also not poor.

3) Natasha imagine it's been a long time since I arrived .

4. The highlighted words are introductory in the sentence:

1) Lukashka’s face and entire build despite the angularity of youth expressed great physical and moral strength.

2) The handsome beardless face of a cab driver it seemed sad and gloomy.

3) Seems someone is following me.

1) Such an animal is walking, let’s say, through the forest, sees a bird, catches it and eats it.

2) Whatever Dubrovsky’s secret intentions were (we will find out about them later), there was nothing reprehensible in his behavior.

3) Finally I said goodbye to them; my father wished me a good journey, and my daughter accompanied me to the cart.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) The dawn was shining in the east, and the golden rows of clouds seemed to be waiting for the sun.

2) In my opinion, this man’s appearance surprisingly corresponds to his specialty.

3) But - to my great chagrin - Shvabrin, usually condescending, decisively declared that my song was not good.

1. Continue the sentence:

Direct speech is speech...

Circle the numbers of the correct answers.

2. A sentence with direct speech is the sentence:

1) Ah! No, I’m not spoiled enough by hopes.

3) The sisters decided to tell Mikhail that after breakfast they were going for a walk alone.

3. A sentence with indirect speech is the sentence:

1) Dad said that we would live with grandma.

2) Then the professor with glasses indifferently turned to me, inviting me to answer the question.

3) Everything is fine, you can go out, said Gavrik.

4. Scheme “P” - a. matches the sentence:

1) One of the listeners asked a question: could you explain what you wanted to say with this work.

2) Vasilisa Egorovna - a very brave lady noticed it was important and can testify to this

3) We will think about this and discuss it, answered the general.

5. Punctuation marks are placed correctly in the sentence:

1) “Has Marya Ivanovna left,” I asked with trembling heart.

2) “Where are you going?” - said Ivan Ignatich, catching up with me.

3) “I didn’t have time,” answered Ivan Ignatich, “the road to Orenburg was cut off.

6. A punctuation error was made in the sentence:

1) “The flowers need to be watered,” said the mother, feeling the soil in the flower pots on the windows.

2) “It’s time to go,” Kolya said, getting up. “There are swamps all around.” There will be fog."

3) “Oh, what flowers! - Masha shouted. “It’s absolutely lovely!”

The topic of this lesson is “Spelling applications and punctuation with them.” During the lesson, cases of isolating applications using a comma and using a dash are considered.

Topic: Secondary members of a sentence

Lesson: Spelling and punctuation of applications

Application- This is a definition that is expressed by a noun. The application characterizes the object in a new way, gives it a different name or indicates the degree of relationship, nationality, rank, profession, etc. The application is always used in the same case as the noun to which it refers.

Volodya (named after), seventeen year old boy(named after), sat in the gazebo (according to A. Chekhov).

Applications consisting of one word are called uncommon(single), and consisting of several words - common. In the example we gave, the application is common.

In non-common applications

Applications can be not isolated And isolated.

Uncommon applications related to proper names are not isolated if they are in front of the noun being defined: She came running from the young ladies’ rooms in response to the noise housemaid Dunyasha (A. Kuprin).

Common Applications

Pay attention to more complex cases of isolation.

Applications are separated by a single dash:

(the second dash is absorbed by another character or omitted):

In special cases, applications, common and non-common, can be separated dot(when dismembering the sentence): The house modestly closed its eyes and dutifully sank into the ground between the blind ends of two panel structures. A landmark, a milestone, a childhood memory and a kind shelter for people(V. Astafiev).

When combining applications, a combination of characters is possible ( commas and dashes): At night, the dog, nicknamed, often cried in his sleep Funtik, - small red dachshund (K. Paustovsky).

1. Textbook: Russian language: textbook for 8th grade. general education institutions / T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M.T. Baranov, L.A. Trostentsova and others - M.: Education, OJSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2008.

3. Complete academic reference book edited by V.V. Lopatina ().

5. Unified collection of digital educational resources ().

1. Place punctuation marks:

In “The Last Term” the old woman Anna left us like this in “Farewell to Matera” Matera island on the Angara River (S. Zalygin).

Finally, the mechanic, a young guy who had not yet taken off his institute badge (V. Rasputin), appeared.

The smell of rain is gentle and at the same time the pungent smell of moisture from damp garden paths (K. Paustovsky).

There she is, a predator of the underwater world splashing on the spring ice (V. Astafiev).

They are mother and both daughters were at home (A. Chekhov).

They are very different, these lines are opposed to each other (S. Zalygin).

How firm and affectionate she was, this short, rather plump woman (S. Zalygin).

2. Run the Application Isolation tests ().

QUESTIONS FOR TESTS ON TOPICS:

1. "Phrase"

a) What do you know about the structure and grammatical meaning of the phrase? Does structure depend on meaning?

b) Are there synonymous phrases?

2. "Offer"

a) What do you know about the structure and grammatical meaning of a sentence?

b) What is the grammatical basis of a sentence?

c) How are sentences divided according to the purpose of the statement? What is an exclamatory sentence? How to explain what is in the sentence WHY DIDN'T YOU SAY

THE WHOLE TRUTH?! are there two punctuation marks?

d) How are sentences divided according to the number of grammatical stems?

e) How are simple sentences divided according to the number of main members in the grammatical basis? How are proposals divided according to the presence or absence of secondary

members?

f) Can one-component sentences be common, and two-component sentences non-common?

3. "Two-part sentences"

a) What is the grammatical basis of a two-part simple sentence? What is the subject? What is a predicate? What is the difference

common sentences from non-common ones?

b) How is the subject expressed? Give examples.

c) What types of predicate do you know? How is the grammatical and lexical meaning expressed in each? Give examples.

d) Tell us, in what cases is a dash placed between the subject and the predicate? Give examples.

e) What groups are the minor members divided into? Tell us about each minor member. Give examples.

f) How do agreed definitions differ from inconsistent ones? Give examples.

g) Tell us about applications expressed by proper names, and about placing a hyphen in applications.

h) Tell us about punctuation marks in comparative and participial phrases.

4. "One-part sentences"

a) What one-part sentences do you know?

b) What main members can the grammatical basis of a one-part sentence consist of?

c) How can the main member be expressed in each group of one-part sentences? Give examples.

d) Where are denominative sentences most often used?

e) How do incomplete sentences differ from one-part sentences? Can one-part sentences be incomplete? Give examples.

5. "Sentences with homogeneous members"

a) Which parts of the sentence are called homogeneous? How do they connect to each other?

b) Name the groups of coordinating conjunctions. Give examples.

c) How can you distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions? Give examples.

d) Name the conditions under which a comma is always placed between homogeneous terms.

e) Under what condition is a comma not placed between homogeneous terms?

f) Tell us about punctuation marks in sentences with generalizing words with homogeneous members.

6. "Offers with separate members"

a) Which parts of the sentence are called isolated?

b) In what cases are definitions and applications separated? Give examples.

c) Tell us about punctuation in homogeneous applications. Give examples.

d) In what cases are participial phrases and solitary participles separated? Give examples.

e) Tell us about the isolation of nouns with prepositions. Give examples.

f) What are the clarifying members of a sentence used for? Which parts of the sentence are most often isolated as clarifying ones?