The topic of the presence of ancient and at the same time gigantic quarries on Earth has been repeatedly raised on the Internet.
Somewhere there are vivid examples, like the Conder structure. Somewhere there are less expressive and contrasting examples, but also thought-provoking ones. But there are many more examples that can be shown. Most of them pose the question: what did they mine? Sometimes you can find out the answer simply (as with the same Conder - there are platinum deposits there), but sometimes there is no answer. This time we will go through most of the examples of copper quarries, and see if in the types of modern workings there is a hint that mining was already carried out in these places a long time ago. And on such a scale that modern man could never even dream of...

Copper ore deposits. One of the types of this ore: chalcopyrite (from the Greek χαλκóς “copper” + pyrite) is a mineral from the sulfide group, synonymous with copper pyrite. Chemical formula - CuFeS2.

Origin. The so-called "copper sandstones" - sandstones containing chalcopyrite and other copper compounds, also arose due to hydrothermal solutions, coming from magma chambers through zones of tectonic disturbances. Hydrothermal waters, coming into contact with calcite, cementing sandstones, metasomatically replace it with sulfide compounds. Chalcopyrite is also formed among sedimentary rocks, released from surface waters rich in copper compounds, especially copper sulfate. In addition, chalcopyrite is released during the crystallization of basic and acidic magmas and occurs as inclusions in basic and acidic igneous rocks. Copper pyrite can also be of volcanic origin (Kounrad deposit in Kazakhstan).

What caught my eye: “hydrothermal solutions.” This means that these deposits were once formed by water coming out of the ground, which washed away the rock, forming a solution, a slurry.
Or: “Chalcopyrite is also formed among sedimentary rocks, released from surface waters.” A hint that the rock was formed from debris flow deposits from the flood. And from the photographs of the area, which will be given below, this can be seen.

Place of Birth. In Eurasia, copper ore deposits are located in Kazakhstan - Kounradskoye, Dzhezkazganskoye, etc., Central Asia (Almalyk), in the Urals (Karpushinskoye, Levikhinskoye, etc.), in Georgia (Madneuli), in Eastern Siberia, the Orenburg region (Gaiskoye, Blavinskoye, Osennee, Vesennee, Dzhusinskoe, Barsuchiy Log). In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, copper-nickel deposits have been discovered: Talnakhskoye, Oktyabrskoye, Norilsk. The Udokan deposit (Chita region) is famous.

The largest copper deposit in the world is located in Chile - the Esconida quarry.
Other large deposits:
mines on the Keweenaw Peninsula (USA, Michigan);
Chuquicamata mine in Chile (up to 600 thousand tons per year);
Corocoro mine in Bolivia;
Gumishevsky mine (Middle Urals, Russia) – now depleted;
valley of the Levikha River (Middle Urals, Russia);
gabbro massif (Italy).

So, let's look at some deposits and quarries from this list:

Esconida, Chile

Huge quarry. Large deposits of native copper were discovered here.

Notice the hills on the left in the photo. It doesn’t look like a mountain range, but looks like chaotically piled waste heaps and dumps. Do you see two elongated rectangular dump mounds near the quarry itself? Would the pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico be square? Why not? Or maybe there are not pyramids in Teotihuacan, but dumps from mines and dungeons that archaeologists discovered quite recently. But they didn’t think of studying the metal content under the “pyramids.” Let me remind you that quite recently these pyramids looked like hills: Mexican pyramids before restoration

Hilly area near the mine. Does it look like waste heaps, embankments, dumps? In my opinion - quite. Link to map

Just north of this Esconida site there is another copper ore deposit:

Copper mine dumps in Chuquicamata, Chile.

It looks very much like these are modern dumps on top of ancient ones. It is possible that the ancients were wiped out by the waters of the flood. Link to map

Modern dumps will be washed away by rare rains, worn down by winds, and in a hundred years they will turn into hills; it will not even be clear that these were dumps.

Close-up – modern dumps. Far - ancient?

There are even installations for paste thickening of ore enrichment products. We'll talk about this topic next time.

Next place:

Bingham Canyon, Utah, USA. Copper ore was found here in 1850 and 13 years later they began developing the deposit. As of 2008, the depth of the quarry reached 1.2 km, the width was 4 km, and the area was 1900 acres. About 450 thousand tons of rock were extracted from the quarry every day.

View from above. Could it be our tinkering with the giant recycled dumps we now call sedimentary mountains?

Reverse side of the quarry

Bingham Canyon is closed due to a giant landslide that buried machinery, equipment and destroyed part of the complex of buildings located at its edge. The emergency occurred on April 11, 2013.

The volume of waste rock that was poured at the edge of the quarry over the years could not withstand the pressure and part of the slope slid down under its own weight.

Digressing, I will say that it is not at all impossible that such landslides from high hills consisting of sedimentary rocks are the destruction of those very ancient dumps. Sedimentary rocks do not form into such high pointed hills during mountain building. An aerial view of an area damaged by landslides in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The photo was taken on October 3, 2009 after the earthquake. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara) Landslides are a separate issue. Perhaps I will touch on it in future posts.

Unnatural black hills in the vicinity of the Corocoro mine, Bolivia. Very similar to the dumps, which stand out in color against the background of the rest of the hills. Link to location

Silver mines of Potosi, Bolivia

Mount Cero Rico. Link to location

The hill stands out (especially from above) with its unnatural appearance and color against the background of the mountains

In this mountain there are silver mines, where silver is mined using artisanal methods. But perhaps this is just re-production.

The town of Potosi itself is located on level ground, possibly on ancient dumps.

Modern dumps on hillsides

Can you distinguish ancient dumps from modern ones?

To the south. Looks like the dumps are a couple hundred years old? But in fact, these mountains are millions of years old - that’s what geology tells us

Modern dumps are piled on top

Geology says that these are all outpourings of tuffs and lavas millions of years ago. Hence the layering in rocks. Perhaps this is the case and there is no mystery here.

Nearby there is a sludge lake (wastewater after ore beneficiation)

“Terraces” near Kaerkan (view to the west) - also near Norilsk. Link to map

And this is the Kaerkan coal mine nearby. How do you like the resemblance?

Together

Grasberg, Indonesia

Grasberg is considered the highest quarry in the world, located at an altitude of 4285 meters above sea level. Quarry development began in 1973. At the moment, the quarry has reached a depth of 480 meters.

This is, of course, a modern quarry and there were no more ancient workings here. But the analogy here is different, a little lower

The Grasberg deposit is the largest gold mine and the third largest copper mine, as well as the highest open pit in the world. It is located in the Papua province of Indonesia, near Puncak Jaya, the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea. There are 20 thousand employees working on the development. In 2006 there was production of 610,800 tons of copper; 58,474.392 kilograms of gold and 174,458.971 kilograms of silver.

Take a look at these terraces

The analogy is this:

Familiar place? Machu Picchu

Familiar terraces

Maybe the rest of the terraces are hidden by trees?

The official conclusion of historians: these are the Inca agricultural terraces, Moray.

This is Cusco. Peru. And historians wonder why all these terraces were made? Does it look like a small quarry?

Historians are not surprised that the Indians of South America had a huge amount of gold items. How and where was it mined? Did they calculate how much rock needs to be shoveled before extracting and smelting 1 kg of gold? They have an answer - everything was found in native form, almost in ingots. Now, for some reason, nuggets are rare.

Well, why did the Incas dig such holes and arrange terraces for agricultural crops in them, when they could simply plant their corn and lentils on more level areas? Right? But the quarry terraces are the most suitable explanation.

This is also Peru. It is possible that the Indians who came to these places were able to improve the terraces for their crops. Or they got help so they could survive in the mountains.

And before them it was something like this:

Terraces of Ollantaytambo

Many people wonder: why was it necessary to make such huge steps and steps for the normal growth of a person.

Also Ollantaytambo. Perhaps the entire slope is the terrace of an ancient quarry.

There are terraces in Indonesia:

But this is all the work of local residents who created this with hoes on the slopes in the clay hills.

Bali

Let’s say that in ancient times there were quarries, but secondary mining in our time on their dumps is impossible - everything has been worked out there. It turns out that this is far from true. There is a lot of gold dust and small particles left in the dumps of previous workings. They are extracted using modern technologies, washed with hydromonitors.

Dump from gold mining. Johannesburg, South Africa. We decided to re-wash it.

Here it was poured when lifting rock from a gold mine

And now they offer excursions to the mines

In the city itself there are other hills - dumps from gold mines:

What do you think of modern mound pyramids?

The volume of rock extracted is simply enormous!

These are also waste rock dumps of gold mines.

It is possible that these hills on the outskirts of the city are more ancient dumps. By the way, there are many lakes near the city, including round ones - like quarry lakes

Flooded quarries

Mine dumps near residential areas

Growing dump

In 50-100 years, these dumps will be eaten up by erosion, they will become overgrown and information about their origin will be forgotten, because all the gold will have already been mined in this place. And they will begin to be called simply natural hills.

These are the examples I showed this time. You can agree with this, you can not. But I think there’s a lot to think about.

More details and a variety of information about events taking place in Russia, Ukraine and other countries of our beautiful planet can be obtained at Internet Conferences constantly held on the Keys of Knowledge website. All Conferences – open e and absolutely free. We invite everyone who wakes up and is interested...

There are many rock formations of bizarre natural origin on Earth. Arguments from geologists and scientists that nature is capable of this, because...

And these opinions of official science can hardly even be called a hypothesis, much less a theory. These are just versions. I'm not talking about all the fancy objects. But there are many such natural forces that stand out from the category of processes. In this article we look at the next ones, and let everyone draw conclusions about what it is: natural or artificial.

This topic of my fellow countryman and comrade izofatov is becoming deeper and deeper with facts, albeit not always direct, indirect, but still, with a greater volume of examples and reflections than geologists have on these objects. I know that many people think when they see such articles. This is an appeal to them as well.

The first object we will consider is Devil’s tower, USA

Link to map

As can be seen even from this photograph, this is something of igneous origin, which was originally plastic, although everything around is made of sedimentary rocks. Every year the rock is visited by thousands of tourists and rock climbers. Its unusualness attracts the human eye. This is how a person works - he is drawn to what he cannot explain.

Rock in Wyoming, USA. It is a monolith of volcanic origin with a height of 1556 m above sea level and a relative height of 386 m. The Devil's Tower was formed from a magmatic melt that rose from the depths of the Earth and froze in the form of graceful columns. The age of Devils Tower is estimated to be between 225 and 195 million years. The host rocks are dark red sandstones and silts with shale layers.

The immediate question is: how can this be an igneous rock if the rock contains sandstones? And it’s not even granite (recrystallized rock with sandstone), there’s not a word about it. Let's remember this fact.

As they say - side view. In structure, it is an igneous rock that cracked into hexagons during its cooling, when it emerged from a round-shaped hole in the ground. Although faults of such shapes are not observed. But that’s what official geology says.

If you look closely, you can see that the foot of the massif is just a rock mass with cracks of chaotic shape, above there are regular hexagonal-tubular formations, which again have a larger number of cracks at the top.

Another observation is that at the foot these tubes are bent, as if they initially came out at an angle to the surface, then they closed a circle and climbed shoulder to shoulder vertically. Or the cracking at the foot for some reason started at an angle. Strange.

At the foot of the cliff there are volumes of kurumnik - these are collapsed segments.
Panorama kurumnik at the foot of the cliff

Are the hexagons themselves “peeling” from erosion or did they initially have a surface layer of a different structure in their structure? It's also unclear.

Some segments have an equally strange ribbed surface

Segments with horizontal cracks

Why do the segments have a more or less regular shape, but at the bottom are at an angle, as if, on the contrary, they were squeezed out from a height through a honeycomb. The mass first fell, turning into a shapeless substance, then it rested against the surface, and began to creep away to the sides when the efforts of gravity or external influence became insufficient - the segments stood vertically and everything abruptly ended, forming a flat top. I tried to explain what I see from the perspective of the logic of the process and the forces that give rise to this formation.

Yes, it’s fantastic, it looks in the style of the science fiction film “Oblivion”, where water was pumped out from the Earth, and in our case, taking soil, processing it into something (izofatov calls them directly, Vedic - vimanas) and throwing it out (squeezing it out) onto the surface is already an unnecessary mass. Because of the heat treatment, it quickly turned to stone. And since the mass at the top of the rock is highly fractured, I can assume that the temperature of the rock remains was much higher than the previous masses.

And this technology of dumping processed rock includes all remnants, pillars, walls, which, like the Devil’s Tower, are not clear rocks (undergranites) - like the Krasnoyarsk pillars, for example, in composition from syenite.

What was extracted from these masses of soil or other rocks. Most likely, rare earth metals, which, for example, exist on our planet, but are scarce on other planets.

If we take into account all versions of the formation of this rock, then there is a version of impact origin from axsmyth, who claims that this rock outcrop occurred as a result of the breakdown of the earth's crust by a dense and very high-velocity asteroid. And in fact, seven kilometers to the west there is a crater:

Diameter 850 meters

Another selection of similar formations:

Unfortunately, I don't know where it is.

Ireland. Path of the Gods (Giant's Causeway)

If it is natural, then why did such cracking occur only in such a local place? There is also frozen rock to the side. But she's formless

Perhaps these examples include Nan Modol, Indonesia:

Also a table mountain

From the segments of which these incomprehensible masonry structures were constructed:

And also the Masleyevsky pillars in the Krasnoyarsk Territory:

Regarding the latest examples, I will not insist on this version, and it is quite possible that in nature there really is a process of rock cracking into hexagons during crystallization, and if on the contrary, then these are quite rare examples. Much more often you come across simply shapeless remains in the form of deposits of rock in the form of pancakes one on top of another. Therefore, let's move on to the next example:

Stone remains of Demerdzhi. Crimea

On these pages, the topic of the presence of ancient and at the same time gigantic quarries on Earth has been repeatedly raised.
Somewhere there are vivid examples, like the Conder structure. Somewhere there are less expressive and contrasting examples, but also thought-provoking ones. But there are many more examples that can be shown. Most of them pose the question: what did they mine? Sometimes you can find out the answer simply (as with the same Conder - there are platinum deposits there), but sometimes there is no answer.
This time we will go through most of the examples of copper quarries, and see if in the types of modern workings there is a hint that mining was already carried out in these places a long time ago. And on such a scale that modern man could never even dream of...

Copper ore deposits. One of the types of this ore: chalcopyrite (from the Greek χαλκóς “copper” + pyrite) is a mineral from the sulfide group, synonymous with copper pyrite. Chemical formula - CuFeS2.

Origin. The so-called “copper sandstones” - sandstones containing chalcopyrite and other copper compounds, also arose due to hydrothermal solutions coming from magma chambers through zones of tectonic disturbances. Hydrothermal waters, coming into contact with calcite, cementing sandstones, metasomatically replace it with sulfide compounds. Chalcopyrite is also formed among sedimentary rocks, released from surface waters rich in copper compounds, especially copper sulfate. In addition, chalcopyrite is released during the crystallization of basic and acidic magmas and occurs as inclusions in basic and acidic igneous rocks. Copper pyrite can also be of volcanic origin (Kounrad deposit in Kazakhstan).

What caught my eye: “hydrothermal solutions.” This means that these deposits were once formed by water coming out of the ground, which washed away the rock, forming a solution, a slurry.
Or: “Chalcopyrite is also formed among sedimentary rocks, released from surface waters.” A hint that the rock was formed from debris flow deposits from the flood. And from the photographs of the area, which will be given below, this can be seen.

Place of Birth. In Eurasia, copper ore deposits are located in Kazakhstan - Kounradskoye, Dzhezkazganskoye, etc., Central Asia (Almalyk), in the Urals (Karpushinskoye, Levikhinskoye, etc.), in Georgia (Madneuli), in Eastern Siberia, the Orenburg region (Gaiskoye, Blavinskoye, Osennee, Vesennee, Dzhusinskoe, Barsuchiy Log). In the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, copper-nickel deposits have been discovered: Talnakhskoye, Oktyabrskoye, Norilsk. The Udokan deposit (Chita region) is famous.

The largest copper deposit in the world is located in Chile - the Esconida quarry.
Other large deposits:
mines on the Keweenaw Peninsula (USA, Michigan);
Chuquicamata mine in Chile (up to 600 thousand tons per year);
Corocoro mine in Bolivia;
Gumishevsky mine (Middle Urals, Russia) – now depleted;
valley of the Levikha River (Middle Urals, Russia);
gabbro massif (Italy).

So, let's look at some deposits and quarries from this list:

Esconida, Chile

Huge quarry. Large deposits of native copper were discovered here.

Notice the hills on the left in the photo. It doesn’t look like a mountain range, but looks like chaotically piled waste heaps and dumps. Do you see two elongated rectangular dump mounds near the quarry itself? Would the pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico be square? Why not? Or maybe there are not pyramids in Teotihuacan, but dumps from mines and dungeons that archaeologists discovered quite recently. But they didn’t think of studying the metal content under the “pyramids.” Let me remind you that quite recently these pyramids looked like hills: MEXICAN PYRAMIDS BEFORE RESTORATION

Hilly area near the mine. Does it look like waste heaps, embankments, dumps? In my opinion - quite. Link to map(https://www.google.com/maps/@-24.26049,-69.03279,17402m/data=!3m1!1e3)

Just north of this Esconida site there is another copper ore deposit:

Copper mine dumps in Chuquicamata, Chile.

It looks very much like these are modern dumps on top of ancient ones. It is possible that the ancients were wiped out by the waters of the flood. Link to map(https://www.google.com/maps/@-22.30707,-68.89903,28220m/data=!3m1!1e3)

Modern dumps will be washed away by rare rains, worn down by winds, and in a hundred years they will turn into hills; it will not even be clear that these were dumps.

Close-up – modern dumps. Far - ancient?

There are even installations for paste thickening of ore enrichment products. We'll talk about this topic next time.

Next place:

Bingham Canyon, Utah, USA. Copper ore was found here in 1850 and 13 years later they began developing the deposit. As of 2008, the depth of the quarry reached 1.2 km, the width was 4 km, and the area was 1900 acres. About 450 thousand tons of rock were extracted from the quarry every day.

View from above. Could it be our tinkering with the giant recycled dumps we now call sedimentary mountains?

Reverse side of the quarry

Bingham Canyon is closed due to a giant landslide that buried machinery, equipment and destroyed part of the complex of buildings located at its edge. The emergency occurred on April 11, 2013.

The volume of waste rock that was poured at the edge of the quarry over the years could not withstand the pressure and part of the slope slid down under its own weight.

Digressing, I will say that it is not at all impossible that such crawls from high hills consisting of sedimentary rocks are the destruction of those very ancient dumps. Sedimentary rocks do not form into such high pointed hills during mountain building. An aerial view of an area damaged by landslides in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The photo was taken on October 3, 2009 after the earthquake. (AP Photo/Dita Alangkara) Landslides are a separate issue. Perhaps I will touch on it in future posts.

Unnatural black hills in the vicinity of the Corocoro mine, Bolivia. Very similar to the dumps, which stand out in color against the background of the rest of the hills. Link to location

Silver mines of Potosi, Bolivia

The hill stands out (especially from above) with its unnatural appearance and color against the background of the mountains

In this mountain there are silver mines, where silver is mined using artisanal methods. But perhaps this is just re-production.

The town of Potosi itself is located on level ground, possibly on ancient dumps.

Modern dumps on hillsides

In the article NORILSK LANDSCAPES. Dumps of ancient mines? I tried to show the relationship between modern workings and possible ancient ones. He provided photographs, but did not show what they look like from above:

On the right is a modern copper-nickel quarry with modern dumps. On the right - it is possible that there are ancient dumps. Link to map(https://www.google.com/maps/@69.2469177,88.0478126,6764m/data=!3m1!1e3)

Can you distinguish ancient dumps from modern ones?

To the south. Looks like the dumps are a couple hundred years old? But in fact, these mountains are millions of years old - that’s what geology tells us

Modern dumps are piled on top

Geology says that these are all outpourings of tuffs and lavas millions of years ago. Hence the layering in rocks. Perhaps this is the case and there is no mystery here.

Nearby there is a sludge lake (wastewater after ore beneficiation)

“Terraces” near Kaerkan (view to the west) - also near Norilsk. Link to map(https://www.google.com/maps?ll=69.35468,87.64925&z=13&t=h)

And this is the Kaerkan coal mine nearby. How do you like the resemblance?

Grasberg, Indonesia

Grasberg is considered the highest quarry in the world, located at an altitude of 4285 meters above sea level. Quarry development began in 1973. At the moment, the quarry has reached a depth of 480 meters.

This is, of course, a modern quarry and there were no more ancient workings here. But the analogy here is different, a little lower

The Grasberg deposit is the largest gold mine and the third largest copper mine, as well as the highest open pit in the world. It is located in the Papua province of Indonesia, near Puncak Jaya, the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea. There are 20 thousand employees working on the development. In 2006 there was production of 610,800 tons of copper; 58,474.392 kilograms of gold and 174,458.971 kilograms of silver.

Take a look at these terraces

The analogy is this:

Familiar place? Machu Picchu

Familiar terraces

Maybe the rest of the terraces are hidden by trees?

The official conclusion of historians: these are the Inca agricultural terraces, Moray.

This is Cusco. Peru. And historians wonder why all these terraces were made? Does it look like a small quarry? Historians are not surprised that the Indians of South America had a huge amount of gold items. How and where was it mined? Did they calculate how much rock needs to be shoveled before extracting and smelting 1 kg of gold? They have an answer - everything was found in native form, almost in ingots. Now, for some reason, nuggets are rare.

Well, why did the Incas dig such holes and arrange terraces for agricultural crops in them, when they could simply plant their corn and lentils on more level areas? Right? But the quarry terraces are the most suitable explanation.

This is also Peru. It is possible that the Indians who came to these places were able to improve the terraces for their crops. Or they got help so they could survive in the mountains.

And before them it was something like this:

Terraces of Ollantaytambo

Many people wonder: why was it necessary to make such huge steps and steps for the normal growth of a person.

Also Ollantaytambo. Perhaps the entire slope is the terrace of an ancient quarry.

There are terraces in Indonesia:

But this is all the work of local residents who created this with hoes on the slopes in the clay hills.

Let’s say that in ancient times there were quarries, but secondary mining in our time on their dumps is impossible - everything has been worked out there. It turns out that this is far from true. There is a lot of gold dust and small particles left in the dumps of previous workings. They are extracted using modern technologies, washed with hydromonitors.

Dump from gold mining. Johannesburg, South Africa. We decided to re-wash it.

Here it was poured when lifting rock from a gold mine

And now they offer excursions to the mines

In the city itself there are other hills - dumps from gold mines:

What do you think of modern mound pyramids?

The volume of rock extracted is simply enormous!

These are also waste rock dumps of gold mines.

It is possible that these hills on the outskirts of the city are more ancient dumps. By the way, there are many lakes near the city, including round ones - like quarry lakes.

Flooded quarries

Mine dumps near residential areas

Growing dump

In 50-100 years, these dumps will be eaten up by erosion, they will become overgrown and information about their origin will be forgotten, because all the gold will have already been mined in this place. And they will begin to be called simply natural hills.

These are the examples I showed this time. You can agree with this, you can not. But I think there’s a lot to think about.

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Dear readers, after reading this article, you will most likely have to conduct a complete revision of your knowledge acquired at school and higher educational institutions, at least in such disciplines as history, geography, geology. So, let's go. I show you the logical chain of my reasoning and conclusions. Today we have a huge number of artifacts that cannot be duplicated today due to the lack of technology, equipment and specialists, and which indicate that 200 years ago there was a global civilization on Earth, compared to which we are children in the sandbox. A few examples:

They are introducing to us that it was allegedly made by this master, Sukhanov Samson. I did it for 7 years, polished and so on... utter nonsense... With all responsibility as a 5th grade universal turner, I declare: this machine processing is the concave, convex surfaces of this bathtub, the most precise circle along the entire diameter, the most accurate spherical surface of the lower part of the bathtub, Inside the bathtub, along the bottom, there is also a very precise concavity along the entire diameter... such a product cannot be made by hand, much less polished. It feels like it came out of the machine just yesterday: polished like a class 4-5 Isaac pendant. This cannot be achieved without high-speed polishing and grinding tools...

Alexandria Column

Here is what a turner who visited it writes: “The Alexandrian column weighs 600 tons, 27 meters high. Granite. The shape is not a cone, but an entasis. It is impossible to make such a product without rotation in a lathe. Try to order a small copy of such a product with an IDEAL radius from any turner made of hard foam or wood with a height of at least 2 meters and a diameter of 30 cm, but requiring the use of only hand tools (planes, chisels, sandpaper) and he will refuse.”

Peru, Ollantaytambo. Polygonal joining of blocks weighing 40-120 tons. You can see the level of fit for yourself. The blocks are combined in three planes.

Cappella Sansevero: Il Disinganno. Made from one piece of marble. It is impossible to make something like this without an advanced CNC machine. Over the past 50 years, nothing even remotely similar in complexity of execution has been done by any sculptor. Even with CNC machines.

Stone bridge in Sevastopol. Each polygonal stone of the bridge is essentially a separate sculpture. An example of modern stone work behind the bridge on the left. A wall made of wild stone. By today's standards it is considered quite acceptable.

Further, all the cities on the planet were built of stone in the ancient style with pre-designed layouts of streets, avenues, embankments, etc. All cities had a stone bastion wall, the construction volume of which was often equal to the construction volume of the city itself.

In the region of 1780-1815, a thermonuclear war occurred, most likely not for the first time on the planet, which resulted in the nuclear winter of 1816 - a year without a summer. The Anglo-Saxons call it Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death. Read more about some facts about the use of thermonuclear weapons 200 years ago using the links below, if you have not read it before. I will also give a few screenshots from Google Earth: photos of nuclear craters in the territory, for example, of Belarus. It is easy to find hundreds of such funnels in almost all countries. The white marks around the craters are broken limestone, the main building material of that time.

In the Belarusian sinkholes given as an example, there is water, since the groundwater level is apparently high. But there are a lot of craters without water on the surface of the planet. For example, in Ukraine:

As a result of the nuclear winter, almost all plants froze and polar ice caps formed. This confirms the almost complete absence of trees older than 200 years in the northern hemisphere. Some of them burned out in the war, some froze. To visually evaluate this, type Roger Fenton Crimea or James Robertson Crimea into Google and click show pictures. You will see photographs of these two first military photographers sent to Crimea in 1853 (after the nuclear war, approximately 40 years later) to photograph the siege of Sevastopol. Compare vegetation then and now. An example of one photo of Fenton near Sevastopol:

Also type in Google: “Siberia photo of the 19th century.” You will see many photographs from the end of the 19th century, in which trees have just begun to grow. For example, Sverdlovsk region:

After this war, we rolled back in development to the level of a feudal society. The Anglo-Saxons took the profit, since they got the least; they crushed the remnants of the world for 150 years, reinvented the coal-powered steam engine and off we go - now is the era of oil and gas, nuclear energy and our industrial complex uses the entire periodic table, which he allegedly invented in a dream. In fact, she was simply thrown through it. Let's move on to the most interesting part. I assert that the current civilization is only a shadow of a bygone one. We are children compared to them. This cannot be proven using the industrial equipment of a previous civilization; it was simply disposed of and melted down. For example, after the collapse of the USSR, drunks dug trenches and cables and water pipes from underground to hand them over to a metal collection point. But how to prove it? It's easy. If the bygone civilization was much more developed than ours, then the entire periodic table was also needed for the functioning of its industrial and metallurgical complex. And all isotopes of elements. And almost all the elements of the periodic table are found in rock and earth. This means that I need to show you large-scale traces of rock removal from mountain slopes, from the surface of the earth and from underground. As well as traces of processed waste rock after its enrichment at mining and processing plants of the past. This is what we will do. I will use the analogy method, as it is very clear. Until the 18th century, residential buildings were built almost exclusively from limestone. For cutting, advanced machines were used to produce ideal parallelepipeds. You cannot insert a blade into the seam of masonry made of such limestone blocks. Here is a photo of a house in Crimea, the first floor of which is covered with clay to a depth of three to four meters, as in all cities in the former USSR. In Sevastopol, Simferopol, Feodosia, Kerch, all houses that are sunk into the ground 3-4 meters have masonry of this quality.

200 years pass, and in Soviet times this kind of limestone masonry was considered very good:

Masonry of the same quality as in the first photo is no longer used anywhere. This is called regression. Now we look at the volumes and for how long limestone, the main building material, was mined on this planet. Using Crimea as an example, since I’m from here, the local landscapes and catacombs pushed me on the right path. This is Eski-Kermen. Illiterate guides will tell you that this is one of the cave cities of Crimea where people lived.

When I asked about this track, I was told that this track was made by the wheels of the carts of the local nobility.

Here is another “cave city” of Crimea - Chufut-Kale.

And this is a modern Crimean limestone quarry. With a sawn-out quarryman's room. Apparently, it’s convenient to store tools there. Mentally send this quarry into the future 10,000-20,000 years, apply the effect of wind and water erosion to it, and what will you get as a result? That's right, another "cave city" of Crimea. The track in the top photo, as you understand, was left by a trolley on which sawn stone was transported. Although, in the post-nuclear era, the quarry is a good place for survivalists. Apparently it was used as a protected town.

Go ahead. In Crimea there are thousands of kilometers of catacombs in which limestone was cut. The volumes are simply prohibitive. Moreover, it is officially stated that the stone has been mined since the time of the “ancient Greeks”, before our era. It was sawed with hand saws and mined with chisels and spades. I went on an excursion to the Adzhimushkai quarries. Unfortunately, I didn't take a photo. The traces of circular saws are clearly visible on the ceiling, and the thickness of the blade is 4 mm. The diameter of the disk is approximately 2 meters - this is clearly visible on the walls; when the block was broken off after cutting, the diameter was clearly visible at the place where the disk stopped. If you are in the catacombs, pay attention. In this photo, taken before the 1917 revolution, you see that a segment has been carefully cut out of the limestone slope, at the bottom of which there is a railway and houses built.

Now a very important photograph of the Inkerman quarry (the modern name of Champagne, taken in 1890. In it we see a sawn passage through a hill 100 meters wide and 80 meters high. In the walls of the cut there are huge niches in which there are one-story houses. Under the vertical wall we see a piled-up slope small substandard pieces of limestone and limestone chips that fell from saws. Some of these niches are the beginning of catacombs that extend hundreds of kilometers deep. Large-scale underground mining of limestone was carried out. During the Second World War, these catacombs housed a headquarters, a hospital, and a sewing workshop clothes, warehouses. Trucks drove inside freely. During the retreat, the entrances were blown up. By the way, there are ancient catacombs under any city on the planet. Google it. Near Odessa, the length of the catacombs is 2500 km.

Now let's reveal the manipulation. What they serve you under the guise of rocks, canyons and gorges is nothing more than quarries. Both very ancient quarries and relatively recent ones. So, Crimea, Belogorsk. White rock. This is a limestone quarry. The wall was formed by cutting the side of a hill. At the foot of the wall there is a characteristic mound of limestone chips and substandard conditions.

The same. Bakhchisarai district

This photo shows a populated area. It is located at the bottom of an ancient quarry. But it is called “the valley that the river washed away.” That's bullshit. On the contrary, after this mining, water flowed along the bottom of the quarry from the broken aquifer, or a stream that had previously flowed along a different route turned here. This is the norm of the day in any quarry. The river cannot wash away the mountain range standing in its path. He will be a dam in her way. Many of you who are older have seen in childhood streams that flow from a small vertical wall made of limestone or other rock. Over the course of 20-30-40 years, has this stream increased the diameter of the hole from which it flows? That's it.

Well, does the scale of stone mining in small Crimea impress you? Looking ahead, I’ll say that these are still minor things. There is not a single cube of rock on this planet, probably 100 meters deep across the entire area, that was not at one time mined, ground, chewed and thrown away. This is not a planet, this is a giant quarry where the entire periodic table is mined in the most barbaric way. Now look at the photo and pay attention to the tiered structure of the quarries and mines. Extraction of iron ore at the Lebedinskoye deposit by open blasting.

Magnetic Mountain, Ural

Cheremshansky nickel mines

Copper mines, Kennecott Utah USA

Vostok Ore Quarry.

Bingham Canyon Copper Mine in Utah, USA

Magnesium quarry in Navarre

Rotary excavator. Power consumption is around 4-5 megawatts. But there will be more details on them later. Just remember how he chooses the breed. It actually forms a canyon with large tiers.

A rotary excavator cuts the mountain range in tiers. Formed a structure with right angles when viewed from above.

Another bucket wheel excavator selected rock in a semicircle in front of it.

And now I will show you mountains, mountain ranges, gorges, canyons in practically uninhabited places with different romantic names. They are often named after a certain “discoverer”. Don’t academicians and professors from geology and geography see this? "Mountain" on the Kola Peninsula. I don't know the name.

"Mountains". Antarctica. Rock selected in a semicircle by a bucket wheel excavator in Antarctica, which was only discovered in 1820!

Antarctica. There are even traces of the tracks of heavy equipment preserved here.

Greenland. Watkins Mountains. How do you like the scale of production? But these are still flowers.

Greenland. Flight Frankfurt-Los Angeles 747-8. Personally taken photo from blogger yamaha3. I took it from the comments.

Gunnbjorn. The highest mountain in Greenland. 3700 meters. No problem. Almost completely gutted.

Svalbard, Norway. Aurora Borealis with a quarry in the background

Antarctica. Transantarctic Mountains. Traces of machinery are still visible at the foot

Antarctica. Transantarctic Mountains. Quarry system. Pay attention to the background.

Goblin Valley, State Park Utah, USA

Gloss Mountains State Park, Oklahoma, USA. It is the height of cynicism to call spent quarries national parks.

Now take a deep breath and look with wide eyes. Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. It's just a giant quarry. Gutted area. Millions of tourists think that it is almost a wonder of the world because they were told so.

Grand Canyon Quarry, Arizona, USA. There are no signs of water erosion anywhere. Only shock-explosive impact on the rock.

Quarry – Rocks of the Spitsbergen archipelago

Grand Canyon Quarry. Cutting stone with a circular saw.

Quarry in Australia. Called Blue Mountains

Gigansky quarry. I do not know where. The photo is offered as desktop wallpaper all over the Internet.

Caprock Canyons State Park Texas. Again a national park created from a spent quarry in the USA

In exhausted quarries where there is a lot of moisture, people engage in farming - Banaue Rice Terraces

Banaue Rice Terraces

And here is Canyon De Chelly National Monument. USA. National monument. Here, apparently, mining was done with saws.

Painted Hills are painted hills in Oregon. Officially: “This place attracts thousands of tourists every year, especially those interested in geology and paleontology. Of course, a considerable number of photographers also come here in search of magical landscape photography. Painted Hills is a protected area of ​​the US government and all 1,267 hectares of land represent the historical heritage of modern Americans."

Mountains Ravine. Impressive volumes.

South Africa. Orange River and mountains.

Timna national park in Israel. Timna Quarry in Israel

Green Canyon Quarry in China

Flooded quarry - Chervak ​​reservoir in Uzbekistan.

Flooded quarry Chervak ​​Reservoir in Uzbekistan. Another perspective

I'll tell you more. It seems there are no natural mountains or gorges on this planet. Do you see the photo? This is a giant quarry. Although there are no obvious tiers, it is clear that this is a quarry. I trust my intuition.

Now let's move on to the worst part. Now I will show you how deserts are created on Earth. Notice how the bucket wheel excavator removes layer by layer of rock from large areas. There are 2 of them here. They remove two layers from one area at once. In the lower left corner there is a large bulldozer driving. Consider the scale.

Look, the excavator is removing a layer 30-40 meters high. The bottom of the quarry is a huge area and it is absolutely flat, like a table. Convenient for moving the excavator.

It turns out that on our planet there are quarries the size of several countries or the size of an entire desert. For example, in the territory of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, there are no fertile soils in most parts, because from almost the entire area of ​​​​these countries a layer of rock 100 meters thick was removed, including the soil and all living things. It's hard to believe, but you have to believe your eyes. It seems that the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea are gigantic flooded quarries. Yes, all the areas on the planet colored yellow in Google Maps are the bottom of quarries. Look. The Boszhira tract is located in the western part of the Ustyurt plateau. Kazakhstan. Do you see that the hills behind the Volkswagen are a wall formed by a bucket wheel excavator?

Another Ustyurt plateau. There is a group of cars in the middle of the photo. As far as the eye can see, the top layer of soil 100 meters thick has been removed. If you splash water here with a layer of 15 meters, you will get an analogue of the Sea of ​​Azov.

Sea of ​​Azov. Flooded old quarry. The bottom is as flat as a table on which rotary excavators rolled. Maximum depth 15 meters.

The edge of the Karakum desert. Area 350,000 km². The impression was that some kind of planetary ripper was working on the planet.

In reality, a quarry. For the population Yangikala Canyon. Turkmenistan.

In reality, a quarry. For the population of the Tuzbair Plateau. Kazakhstan

USA, Monument Valley. Previously, the area of ​​this territory was the height of the top of the stub straight ahead. A layer several hundred meters high has been removed.

USA, Monument Valley. Same here

Namibia. The desert is the bottom of the quarry.

Egypt. The top layer is ripped away along with the soil. They also burned it with nuclear weapons.

Most of Australia is completely razed. There is no soil, just a red desert.

Australia.

Nigeria. Desert.

The conclusion is this about deserts: they are completely anthropogenic. They appeared as a result of prolonged and barbaric metallurgical activity. And even more than that. Feel free to replace the words canyon, gorge, rock, ravine, plateau, mountain lake, just lake in your vocabulary with the words quarry, mine and flooded quarry, flooded mine. On old foreign maps of the 16th and 17th centuries, where the territory of Ukraine, Russia and other former republics is often marked as Tartary, the rivers flow more or less straight, turning smoothly. Modern rivers in this area meander heavily, sometimes turning 180 degrees. Here, for example, is a screenshot of the Tobol River in Siberia:

And now a photo of a river in the Voronezh region. The place is called "Krivoborye". The river has never flowed through this loop before. It flowed here when the height of the landscape changed after soil was removed by a rotary excavator.

Krivoborye from a different angle. On an island in the middle overgrown with bushes, there was a rotary excavator.

What does official science tell us about this career? I quote: “The Krivoborye cliff is a huge ravine, a geological section that is valuable for studying the geological past of the Voronezh region. Based on the structural features of the soil and organic remains, geologists reconstruct natural events that occurred here several thousand years ago. “Krivoborye” received its name in honor of the shape of the forest, which is located on one of its cliffs. This is a pine forest that is home to many large wild animals. Currently, Krivoborye is considered a national natural monument. Any activity other than excursion and educational activities is prohibited on its territory. Students of geology and geography often come to this place to do research.” While all the geologists on the planet are unsuccessfully reconstructing what natural events happened in Krivoborye several thousand years ago, I will do it for them - a rotary excavator 200-300 years ago, judging by the crumbling slope. And this situation is typical for the entire planet. Often in conversation you can hear accusations of conspiracy theories. They say it is impossible to hide anything from society. And there is some truth in this. Why hide if everything is in plain sight and no one sees? Or here's another chutzpah. Obviously, a rotary excavator was working on limestone in Switzerland. But people are presented with: “Creux-du-Van, a giant horseshoe-shaped rocky depression 1400 meters wide and about 200 meters high, a natural amphitheater formed as a result of erosion of rocks in the Jura mountain range in the canton of Neuchâtel "

Siberia. Anabar Plateau. Jogjo River

Go ahead. We put ourselves in the place of the one who guts the planet and move on to the next metallurgical stage. A rock with a certain content of the desired element was mined. What to do with her next? Before it is sent for smelting or extraction of the desired element in any other way, the ore must be enriched to increase the percentage of content. To do this, it is sent to GOKs - mining and processing plants. There the concentrate is separated, and the waste waste rock is taken to a dump or to a waste heap. You logically ask me: “Where are the waste rock deposits with such gigantic volumes of ore mining?” And I have to show you. Replace the words hill, mound, volcano, hill in your vocabulary with the words dump and waste heap and everything will fall into place in your head. But it’s better to see it once :) These are waste heaps with waste rock from Donbass. Their height sometimes reaches 200-300 meters. Chemical reactions often occur inside them, they burn and sometimes explode when excess pressure accumulates inside.

And this is just a waste heap of Vesuvius in Italy with a height of 1281 meters. But it was called a volcano because it burns and exploded once. And they named it that way so you wouldn’t guess :)

Shall we look into the caldera for him? If it is a volcano, then the walls of the caldera must be melted by liquid lava. And if there is a waste heap, then the walls will be layered and will consist of crumbly rock that can be dug with a shovel. Let's look carefully! And what do we see? Waste waste...

And this is a waste heap - Klyuchevsky Hill. Lit. 4850 meters.

Taranaki "volcano" waste heap in New Zealand. Well, where are the frozen crystallized lava flows? The slopes consist entirely of loose rock.

And this is the exploded top of the Popocatepetl waste heap in Mexico. Height 5426 meters.

Small Semyachik waste heap, Kamchatka region

From Wikipedia: “It is a short ridge about 3 km long at the top, consisting of three fused cones - the northern ancient one, which is the highest (1560 m) Tolbachik From Wikipedia: Volcanic massif in Kamchatka, in the southwestern part of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. The height is 3682 meters, it consists of Ostry Tolbachik (3682 m) and the Plosky Tolbachik merged with it (active, height – 3140 m). There are more than 120 cinder cones located on the slopes of Plosky Tolbachik and in the adjacent Tolbachinsky valley.” Slakov!

Haven't you saved 4 salaries yet to visit the slopes of the Fuji heap in Japan? Hurry up, it's worth it :)

We've sorted out the waste heaps. Now we move on to dumps that do not have a pronounced conical shape. The rule here is this: if it is loose, layered and can be dug with a shovel, then most likely it is a dump of waste rock that our ancestors piled up in their haste to live. For example, here is a gorgeous geological park in China, Zhangye Danxia. Colored mountains, beauty. Under state protection, of course. Tourists are taken exclusively along paved paths, so that, God forbid, tourists do not fall into this toxic waste mass.

Dump - Mount Shmidtikha, Norilsk

Or, for example, you are walking along the valley of the Sugran River, in the Pamirs. There are piles of earth piled up around, nothing grows. And these are dumps.

The mountains of Pyatigorsk are very similar to waste heaps

The Philippines is one of the most desirable places to visit on the planet, and if you don't know much about the Philippines, then you should definitely listen about the world famous island of Bohol. It became famous thanks to the “chocolate hills”, which stretch over an area of ​​about 50 square kilometers, in the amount of 1268 hills of a regular cone shape up to 100 meters high.

In general, you understand the principle. If you saw a hill near the house - take a closer look, think about it. Most likely it will be man-made. And there are no natural caves on Earth. I watched a bunch of videos, all the caves are underground mountain tunnels of varying degrees of antiquity, often multi-tiered. Yes, many collapsed and began to look chaotic, but this did not stop them from being artificial.

An important addition about mining waste from blogger mylnikovdm: “By the way, one of the readers on my blog gave an interesting tip. Many people ask about where the waste dumps from the processing plant are located, which should be commensurate with the scale of production shown. At the same time, we have a huge amount of sand in deserts, the origin of which no one has yet been able to really explain, especially when deserts are located inside continents. It is likely that the sand is waste from the enrichment process. If we enrich chemically, then for better contact of the chemical with the rock it is necessary to crush it to increase the surface area. That is, sand is best suited for these purposes. Moreover, after enrichment, only waste rock remains, that is, silicon or quartz, and everything else, including metals and their compounds, goes into solution. We then throw away the waste rock. This version is also supported by the fact that there are plenty of sand placers on all continents, even in the center of Siberia. Moreover, many of them are located relatively close to mining sites, such as the “Grand Canyon” and the Nevada desert in the USA. In Central Asia, the Middle East and Egypt, deserts are also adjacent to mountains that show signs of development. There is a lot of sand along the river valleys, which also fits into this version. Sand was poured into the river, and the stream carried it along the riverbed. Another argument in favor of this version is that in most cases, river sand consists of “waste rock,” that is, silicon or quartz, and not of those minerals that are found along river beds.”

The following conclusions can be drawn from this story: 1. Production volumes are prohibitive. Obviously, on Earth it is consumed well if 5% of what is extracted. The earth looks like someone's giant quarry. Perhaps this quarry simply serves humanity. 2. People come and go, states appear and are destroyed, nations are formed, butt heads and disappear. The final destination of our route is apparently the same as in the picture below. But even in this case, God's millstones will most likely not stop, so we humans will kindly design and build self-replicating robots by the time they take our place. They will not depend on the composition of the atmosphere, and we will become history. By the way, now you know what “volcanoes” on Mars are :)

But the logic of the process suggests that those who profit from this will not be very upset by our departure from the stage. Apparently, he is not here, he cannot live here. I would, of course, like to know who this person is. As we all know, between the Lord (master), whose name cannot be mentioned and must be written with a dash as G-d, and us there are intermediaries - God's chosen ones. You should ask them. Ordinary God's chosen ones hardly even knew what I showed in this post. But high-ranking people know for sure. Start asking. We need dialogue on this matter. From time to time, when workers delve into the topic and begin to rebel, it is necessary to arrange a restart of the system by organizing wars and generation gaps. And since we got into what’s what, it might start soon :)

But whatever happens, it cannot be avoided. Power is in the truth. But the truth is that a society living in a closed system, continuously multiplying and determined to consume more tomorrow than yesterday is doomed as soon as it reaches a ceiling in terms of the amount of available energy or territory. It is possible to develop and multiply endlessly only in an infinite Universe. If we don’t escape from the Earth quarry, we are doomed. But on the other hand, if they wanted to hide this, then Sergey Brin would never have made the public service Google Maps, Google Images, or just Google. And no one would ever collect material on this topic in a heap in one place. So, it's not that simple.

Look for those who know the answers to questions, and do not hesitate to ask. For example, the first half-joking question: “How many rockets fly into orbit per year, and what do they carry besides satellites?” :) For example, a gram of Rhodium costs $230. A gram of Osmia-187 costs $200,000, and a gram of California-252 costs $6,500,000. With the cost of putting 1 kg into orbit at $3,000, it is quite cost-effective to haul rare elements and isotopes there. The dirt stays here, the clean product goes to the owner :)

The aliens, who found themselves at a considerable distance from their home planet and lacked technological equipment for mining, acted simply and brilliantly by creating slave miners.

Without making significant investments in production and transferring people to self-sufficiency, they mercilessly exploited their slaves, who, with the help of primitive tools, “provided to the mountain” the minerals necessary for the newcomers.

Panorama of one of the many areas of Kargaly with thousands of traces of filled-in mine workings (shooting from a helicopter)

What was especially valuable to the aliens was not gold or silver, but tin, which the Sumerians called “heavenly metal.” Among the ancient tribes there was even a narrow specialization. For example, only the Kessarite tribe, who previously lived in the territory of modern Iran, was engaged in tin mining.

Ancient Stone Age mines, in which our ancestors worked, extracting minerals for aliens, are found in various regions of the planet - in the Urals, Pamirs, Tibet, Western Siberia, North and South America, Africa. In a later period, people used ancient mines for their own needs, extracting ore from them to produce copper, tin, lead, and iron.

To get to the copper-bearing layers, it was necessary to open 12 meters of a viscous and very heavy clay “case” that reliably covered lenses and veins of copper minerals. We are trying to clear one of the 35 thousand such mines

The hieratic text in the New Egyptian language that has survived to this day (it is kept in the British Museum) says that the Egyptian pharaohs for a long time used copper reserves from warehouses left by the ancient kings. This fact is confirmed by the “Testament of Ramses III” (1198-1166 BC):

I sent my people on a mission to the Atek desert [on the Sinai Peninsula] to the large copper mines that are in this place. And [behold] their boats are full of it [copper]. The other part of the copper was sent overland, loaded on their donkeys. We have not heard [such a thing] before, since the time of the ancient kings.

Their mines were found full of copper, which was loaded [in the amount of] tens of thousands [pieces] on their boats, leaving under their supervision for Egypt and arriving intact under the protection of [the god] with the raised hand of [the god Shin - the patron saint of the eastern desert], and which piled up under the balcony [of the royal palace] in the form of numerous pieces of copper [numbering] hundreds of thousands, and they are the color of three times iron. I let all people look at them as if they were a wonder.

Mine from Africa dating back to 40,000 BC. During the work, more than 100 thousand tons of iron ore were removed. And all this with stone axes of primitive people?

The people living near Lake Victoria and the Zambezi River have preserved a legend about mysterious white people who were called “Bachwezi”. They built stone cities and towns, laid canals for irrigation, cut holes in the rocks from three to 70 meters deep, and trenches several kilometers long.

According to legend, the Bachwezi knew how to fly, cure all diseases and reported on events that happened in the distant past. The aliens mined ore and smelted metals. They disappeared from the face of the Earth as unexpectedly as they appeared.

In 1970, the Anglo-American Corporation, a mining corporation, hired archaeologists to search for abandoned ancient mines to reduce the cost of finding new mineral deposits in South Africa. According to reports by Adrian Boshier and Peter Beaumont, extensive areas with shafts up to 20 meters deep have been discovered in Swaziland and elsewhere.

The age of bones and charcoal found in the mines ranges from 25 to 50 thousand years. Archaeologists have concluded that mining technology was used in ancient times in South Africa. Artifacts discovered in the mines indicate a fairly high level of technology used, which was hardly available to Stone Age people. The miners even kept records of the work performed.

The earliest evidence of iron production in Africa is found in the vicinity of Taruga and Samun Dikiya, settlements belonging to the Nok culture located on the Jos Plateau in Nigeria. Experts date the furnace for iron production discovered here to 500-450 BC. e. It had a cylindrical shape and was made of clay. The slag pits were sunk into the ground and the bellows tube was at ground level.

In 1953, miners at the Lion Mine in the Wattis area (Utah, USA), while mining coal at a depth of 2800 meters, stumbled upon a network of ancient tunnels. The underground coal workings, made by unknown miners, had no connection with the surface and were so old that the mine entrances had been destroyed by erosion.

Professor at the University of Utah E. Wilson spoke about this as follows:

Without any doubt, these passages are made by human hand. Although no traces of them were found externally, the tunnels appear to have been driven from the surface to the point where current developments intersected them... There is no apparent basis for dating the tunnels.

University of Utah anthropology professor Jesse D. Jennings denies that the tunnels could have been built by North American Indians and does not know who the ancient miners were:

Firstly, to carry out such work there must be a direct need for coal in the area. Before the arrival of the white man, all cargo was transported by human porters. In terms of locality, there is no evidence that Aboriginal people in the area of ​​the Wattis mines burned coal.

Several mines have been discovered in North America in which an unknown civilization extracted minerals. For example, on Royal Island (Lake Superior), thousands of tons of copper ore were extracted from an ancient mine, which was then mysteriously removed from the island.

Several furnaces for smelting iron ore have been discovered in southern Ohio. Farmers in this state sometimes find metal products in their fields.

Images of “miners” with mysterious tools, similar to jackhammers and other tools intended for mining, can be found in various regions of the globe. For example, in the ancient capital of the Toltecs, the city of Tula, there are reliefs and bas-reliefs depicting gods clutching objects in their hands that are more reminiscent of plasma cutters than tools of the Stone or Bronze Age.

Coal mine from Wattis, Utah. The settlers discovered it for themselves and deepened the existing tunnels. But none of the Indian tribes had mined coal before them. So who mined it?

On one of the stone columns of the city of Tula there is a bas-relief: the Toltec deity holds a “mining” tool in his right hand; his helmet is similar to the headdresses of the ancient Assyrian kings.

On the territory of the Toltec state in Mexico, many ancient mines have been discovered, in which gold, silver and other non-ferrous metals were previously mined. Alexander Del Maar in “History of Precious Metals” writes:

With regard to prehistoric mining, it is necessary to put forward the premise that the Aztecs did not know iron, and therefore the question of mining by shaft method... is practically not worth it. But modern explorers have discovered ancient mines and evidence of mining in Mexico that they believe to be sites of prehistoric mining.

In China, copper mining has been carried out since ancient times. To date, Chinese archaeologists have explored 252 vertical shafts, descending to a depth of 50 meters, with numerous horizontal adits and manholes. Iron and bronze tools, once lost by miners, were found at the bottom of adits and mines.

Copper deposits were mined from the bottom up: as soon as the ore in the adit dried up, a new one was installed, located higher, in the vertical shaft of the mine. Since the ore was delivered to the surface in baskets, waste rock from the new adits, in order not to raise it, was simply dumped down into abandoned workings. The adits were illuminated by forked sticks of burning bamboo stuck into the walls.

There are numerous ancient mines in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Ancient mines were discovered in the foothills of the Northern Altai, the Minusinsk Basin, in the Orenburg region, Lake Baikal, near the Amur River, in the Southern Urals, in the Ishim River basin, in a number of regions of Central Asia, as well as in the Caucasus and Ukraine. L.P. Levitsky published a brochure “On Ancient Mines” in 1941, which contains a map indicating the locations of several hundred mining operations of the earth’s subsoil, in which mainly copper, tin, silver and gold were mined.

In the ancient faces of many mines, stone hammers made of hard rock, made in the shape of a polyhedron or flat cylinder, were discovered. Bronze picks, wedges and chisels were used to break off ore. Skeletons of dead people were found in some mines.

In 1961, near Arkhyz (Western Caucasus) on Mount Pastukhovaya, geologists discovered old mines. V. A. Kuznetsov, who examined the mine workings, noted:

...ancient miners and ore explorers acted with great knowledge of the matter: they walked along the vein and selected all the lenses and accumulations of copper ore, not stopping at insignificant inclusions. The awareness at that time was amazing, because there was no special scientific knowledge in geology and mining. Already in hoary antiquity, people knew how to skillfully conduct a kind of geological exploration and, for this purpose, explored inaccessible mountain ranges.

Chud mines (from the word “chud”) is the collective name of the most ancient ore workings, traces of which were found in the Urals, Western Siberia, and Krasnoyarsk Territory. E. I. Eichwald’s book “About the Chud Mines” contains detailed information about them:

The mines began to be exploited around the 1st half of the 3rd millennium BC. e.; the greatest production occurred in the 13th-12th centuries BC. e.; mining ceased in the 5th-6th centuries AD. e. in Western Siberia and in the XI-XII centuries AD. e. in the Middle and Northern Urals. When digging Chud mines, ancient miners used stone hammers, wedges, pestles, and crushers; horn and bone picks; copper and bronze, and then iron picks, picks, hammers; wooden troughs, log ladders; wicker baskets, leather bags and mittens; clay lamps, etc.

The development of mineral deposits usually began with burial pits; going deeper along the dip of the deposit by 6-8 meters, there were usually funnel-shaped, slightly inclined and tapering shafts, sometimes a small section of adit, and orts along the veins. The depth of the workings was on average 10-14 meters; some reached significant sizes (for example, a copper quarry in the area of ​​​​the city of Orsk is 130 meters long and 15-20 meters wide), since ore was mined in them for hundreds of years.

In 1735, south of Yekaterinburg, in the area of ​​​​the Gumeshevsky mine, significant quantities of ore with a high copper content had already been mined by ancient miners (“a great nest of the best copper ore”), as well as traces of ancient collapsed mines about 20 meters deep, were discovered on the surface of the earth and crumbling quarries. Perhaps something forced the miners to hastily leave their place of work. Abandoned copper picks, hammers, and remains of wooden shovels were found in the workings of the Gumeshevsky mine.

The ancient mines in Transbaikalia and the remains of smelting furnaces in the Nerchinsk region were known already under Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. In the letter of the head of the Nerchinsk prison Samoila Lisovsky it is written:

Near the same places from the Nerchinsk fort, thirteen days away, there were cities and yurts, many residential, and mill stones, and earthen screes, in more than one place; and he de Pavel [Russian envoy] asked many old people, foreigners and Tungus and Mungal people: what kind of people lived in that place before this and built cities and started all sorts of factories; and they said: what kind of people lived, they do not know and have not heard from anyone.

The number of small mines and burial pits on the territory of Russia amounts to thousands. There are many ancient quarries and workings where copper was mined using a progressive stripping method: the soil above the ore deposits was removed, and the deposit was developed without additional costs.

In the east of the Orenburg region, two such mines are known: Ush-Kattyn (four ancient quarries with copper ore dumps, the largest of them has a length of 120 meters, a width of 10-20 meters and a depth of 1-3 meters) and Elenovsky (size 30 x 40 meters and a depth of 5-6 meters). Conducted mineralogical and geochemical studies made it possible to establish that copper-tourmaline ores, similar to those of Elenov, were one of the sources of raw materials for metallurgical production in the ancient city of Arkaim.

In the Chelyabinsk region in 1994, the Vorovskaya Yama open pit mine was discovered, which is located in the Zingeyka-Kuisak interfluve, 5 kilometers from the village of Zingeysky. The ancient mine has a round shape, a diameter of 30-40 meters, a depth of 3-5 meters and is surrounded by waste rock dumps. According to experts, about 6 thousand tons of ore with a copper content of 2-3% were mined at the mine, from which about 10 tons of metal could be obtained.

Traces of ancient mine workings are found in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In the area of ​​Lake Issyk-Kul, traces of ancient mining operations were found in deposits of gold, polymetallic and tin ores in 1935.

In 1940, a geological expedition led by E. Ermakov discovered a horizontal drift with branches about 150 meters long in the hard-to-reach spurs of the Pamirs. Local residents reported its location to geologists. The mineral scheelite - tungsten ore - was mined in the ancient mine.

Based on the length of the stalagmites and stalactites that formed in the drift, geologists established the approximate time of mining - 12-15 thousand years BC. e. It is unknown who needed this refractory metal with a melting point of 3380 °C in the Stone Age.

The very large ancient cave mine Kanigut is located in Central Asia, it is also called the “Mine of Disappearance”. Silver and lead were mined there. When examining these workings in 1850, a large number of passages and decayed wooden supports were discovered, which served to strengthen the arches of the artificial cave.

The length of the huge mine, which has two exits to the surface, spaced 200 meters apart, is about 1.6 kilometers. The journey through this labyrinth from one entrance to another takes at least 3 hours. According to local legends, under Khudoyar Khan, criminals sentenced to death were sent there, and if they returned without silver, they were killed.

The total volume of rock delivered “to the mountain” and processed in ancient mines is impressive. For example, in Central Asia, in the area of ​​the Kanjol deposit (“path of ancient miners”), which is located 2 kilometers north of the Utkemsu River, there are traces of ancient workings stretching in a strip for 6 kilometers. Previously, silver and lead were mined in the mines.

The total volume of mine dumps is up to 2 million cubic meters, the volume of visible mine workings is about 70 thousand cubic meters. More than a hundred ancient mines with large dumps near them were discovered at the Jerkamar deposit. The total number of ancient workings in Almalyk is about 600. The volume of excavated rock is more than 20 thousand cubic meters.

The Dzhezkazgan copper deposits in Kazakhstan, rediscovered in 1771, have been mined since prehistoric times, as evidenced by huge waste rock dumps and traces of mining. In the Bronze Age, about a million tons of copper ore were mined here.

200 thousand tons of ore were extracted from the Uspensky mine. About 100 thousand tons of copper were smelted in the Dzhezkazgan area. Currently, over 80 deposits of copper, tin and gold ores have been discovered in Kazakhstan, which were used for metal mining in ancient times.

In 1816, an expedition led by mining engineer I.P. Shangin discovered extensive ancient waste rock dumps in the area of ​​the Ishim River. The report says: ...this mine was a rich source of industry for those who worked to develop it...

Shangin roughly estimated the waste rock near Mount Iman: the weight of the ancient dumps is about 3 million poods. If we assume that only 10% of copper was smelted from the mined ore, then the resulting metal weighed about 50 thousand tons. There are estimates of copper production based on analysis of mine dumps, according to which the volume of copper mined in ancient times is about half the capacity of the entire deposit. Thus, in the distant past, approximately 250 thousand tons of copper were smelted.

In 1989, an archaeological expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences, led by Professor E. N. Chernykh, studied numerous ancient mining settlements in the Kargaly steppe (Orenburg region), dating back to the 4th-2nd millennia BC. e. The total surface area with traces of old mine workings is about 500 square kilometers.

During excavations, miners' dwellings, numerous foundry molds, remains of ore and slag, stone and copper tools and other objects were discovered, indicating that the Kargaly steppe was one of the largest mining and metallurgical centers of antiquity. According to archaeologists, from 2 to 5 million tons of ore were extracted from the ancient Kargaly mines. According to the calculations of geologist V. Mikhailov, only in the Orenburg Bronze Age mines so much copper ore was mined that it would be enough to smelt 50 thousand tons of metal. For unknown reasons, in the 2nd millennium BC. e. Copper mining was stopped, although mineral reserves were not depleted.

Cossack officer F.K. Nabokov in 1816 was sent to the Kazakh steppe to identify ancient abandoned mines and mineral deposits. In his report (“Major Nabokov’s Day Journal”) he provides a lot of information about the ancient mines:

The Anninsky mine... was cultivated by ancient peoples in all directions. The embankments produced by these mines are now covered with dense forest and occupy about 1000 square fathoms... Their pits contained in one pood from 1 to 10 pounds of copper, in addition to silver. According to approximate calculations, this mine should contain ore of about 8,000 cubic fathoms, or up to 3,000,000 pounds...

Baron Meyendorff found different signs of copper ore on Ilek and Berdyanka. This last mine seems to have been described by Pallas. He calls it Saigachy and writes that a well-preserved, spacious and in many places developed ancient adit was found in it, during the cleaning of which cakes of fused copper, melting pots made of white clay and the bones of workers covered with earth were found. They immediately found many pieces of petrified wood, but did not notice any sign of smelting furnaces anywhere.

Judging by the total volume of copper ore or tin mined in ancient mines, Bronze Age humanity must have literally overwhelmed itself with copper or bronze products. In the distant past, copper was produced in such quantities that it would have been enough to meet the needs of many generations of people. However, in the burials of noble people, archaeologists find only isolated objects made of copper, which was very highly valued at that time.

It is unknown where the “excess” metal disappeared. It is curious that in the area of ​​​​many ancient mines no traces of smelting furnaces were found. Apparently, the processing of ore into metal was carried out elsewhere and centrally. There is nothing incredible in the fact that the aliens, using the free labor of slave miners, extracted minerals from the bowels of the Earth in this way and exported them to their planet.