Summary of the lesson on the world around Class: 3. Topic: Magic ball (development of the route of Robinson Crusoe). Program: RO D.B.Elkonin / V.V.Davydova. Lesson type: lesson setting private tasks. Purpose: to develop the ability to draw up a route of movement (for example, leaving the route of movement on the island of Robinson Crusoe). Tasks: a) personal: awareness of oneself as a member of a team - a class; b) subject: possession of the basic conceptual apparatus; the ability to draw up the route of your summer vacation (homework) and “read” it; the ability to draw up the route of Robinson Crusoe, finding the necessary information in various sources (textbook, RT); the ability to build a calendar (serifs on a tree); c) meta-subject: awareness of the rules and norms of interaction with classmates and the teacher; the ability to evaluate the answers of others, to argue their own point of view; the ability to work with text, finding the necessary information; the ability to draw conclusions from the work done. Lesson progress TEACHER ACTIVITIES STUDENT ACTIVITIES 1. Motivation for learning activities We are going, we are going, we are going To distant lands, Good neighbors, Happy friends. We have fun, We sing a song, And the song sings About how we live... What do you think, what will our today's lesson be about? Where does every journey begin? How will you perform. We have a lot of work and probably a lot of people who want to tell us about their summer travel itinerary. We will proceed as follows, at the beginning of the lesson, 2 people from each row will speak. Then we will work with the textbook and workbook and devote the rest of the lesson to the rest of the routes. How will you perform with your routes? About travel. From the choice of the route, from the preparation of the route ... We tell the beginning of the journey, how and how we moved to the place of rest. Several people speak with messages about the route of rest. 2. Analysis of the conditions for solving the problem Let's work with the book. Open the textbook on page 4. Read the text yourself. After reading, answer the questions after the text. Read and answer 1 question. Read question 2. Read. What prevented the meeting? Answer: Vasya did not describe the exact route by which Arseniy was supposed to visit him. How could Vasya's description of the route be improved? Answer: name the exact address; or describe the house more precisely and what is next to it. What is the sequence of actions when recording a route? Did you follow it when planning your travel itinerary? be. Mark the beginning and end of the route; mark important points of interest along the way from the starting point to the final point. Yes. 3. Actually solving the problem, improving the old way of doing Guys, what is the name of the most famous traveler in the world? Maybe someone knows the author of the work about Robinson's travels? Who will tell what story happened to Robinson? We will not talk about what happened to Robinson next. Let it be a little secret, and whoever wants to know it will have to take a book from the library and get acquainted with the work on their own. Who is now called Robinson? Today you have to plan Robinson's journey. Open your notebook on page 6. Before making Robinson's itinerary, read the excerpt from the story of Robinson in the textbook on page 5. Now read the information given to us by Robinson in the notebook on page 6. What is in front of you? What can you say about the route of our hero? What do you need to do? So let's get started. Did you complete Robinson's mission? What else needs to be done? How should it be built? Now, in the remaining time, let's listen to your Robinson Crusoe. Daniel Defoe. The ship on which Robinson sailed was shipwrecked. The sailor found himself on a desert island all alone... Lone travelers. Read aloud. Read aloud. It is probably necessary to write down the route of Robinson Crusoe here. During his arrival on the island, Robinson made 5 stops. Write conditional names of stops. First stop - September 30, 1659, Isle of Despair. The second stop is a ridge of hills. The third stop is the plain in front of the hill. The fourth stop is the slope of the hill. The fifth stop is the top of the hill. No. Draw a calendar according to which Robinson lived. As described on page 7. Build. summer travel itineraries. 4. Reflection With whom did you travel during the lesson today? What skills did Robinson help to develop in the lesson? Your homework is RT, page 5, task 1B (fill in the table). With Robinson Crusoe.

1. Parental disobedience. Escape from parental home

2. Moorish captivity and liberation from it

3. Brazilian planter

4. Sea road for slaves

5. Storm and happy rescue

6. First night on an unknown island

7. “I decided to go on a ship and save at least some of the things that are useful to me”: a) food supply; b) gunpowder and weapons; c) tools

8. Housing arrangement

9. Daily routine

10. Calendar and chronology on the island of Despair

11. “Now I have started making the things I need”

12. Illness and recovery. Medicine for the soul - turning to God, reading the Bible

13. Harvesting the first harvest, mastering pottery and baking, tailoring, weaving baskets

14. Domestication of goats

15. Human footprint

16. Liberation Friday, his training and conversion to the Christian religion

17. Meeting Friday with his father

18. English ship captured by the rebels

19. Rebels punished

20. Homecoming

novel plan

1. Robinson's family, his escape from his parental home.

2. Robnson on a desert island.

3. Crusoe acquires things from the ship and builds his own housing.

4. Crusoe makes a calendar, arranges a place for himself.

5. Crusoe's diary.

6. Robinson makes dishes.

7. Building a boat.

8. Robinson saves a savage and gives him the name *i P* Friday.

9. Crusoe watches the prisoners.

10. Crusoe chats with the captain of the English ship.

11. The captain again controls his ship.

His name is Pirri and he works as "Robinson Crusoe" at Disneyland. But Disneyland is not on Earth, but under the surface of Pluto. And Perry doesn't just work as Robinson, he's part of the attraction, he's genetically and biologically altered. He looks like a teenager, although in fact he is much older, he is both a child and an adult at the same time. And he was looking for adventure, but in fact adventure found him himself ... Once at sea, he met a strange woman, once a pilot, named Liandra ... © ceh http://fantlab.ru/work34877

The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

Many years after returning to England, Crusoe decided to visit his island again. On the way back to his homeland, incredible adventures awaited him: he visited Madagascar, India, where he lived for many years, China, Siberia, and from Arkhangelsk he reached England by sea.

The life and amazing adventures of Robinson ... Daniel Defoe

The story of Robinson's life on a desert island is a story about the creative work of man, his courage, field, and creative quest. This is a hymn to labor not only as a source of life, but also the reason that did not allow Robinson to sink and run wild. And this is the enduring deep educational value of the book. Translated from English by M. A. SHISHMAREVA. Afterword by E. V. KORNILOVA. Illustrations by JEAN GRANVILLE. Designed by S. M. POZHARSKY.

Calendar of Russian nature Alexander Strizhev

The spring scream of the stream, the silvery buds turned red, the first song of the lark - all these are signs of March. In the region near Moscow - which is described in the "Calendar of Russian Nature" - March opens the spring, which begins the renewal of nature. Then full-flowing April, green May, ruddy June, and the months will fly and run, one another richer and more beautiful. The author talks about the change of seasonal phenomena, describing unforgettable pictures of native nature. And it turned out to be a kind of year-round panorama of the life of the forest, full of poetic charm and enduring wisdom.…

Who kidnapped Robinson? Vladimir Sotnikov

You can't say anything, to live on one of the Maldives as Robinson Crusoe is great! It is there that inseparable friends Lyrik and Petich will spend their holidays. But the children did not have long to enjoy a serene rest. Mysterious events "found" them here too! It all started with a homemade raft, on which a frightened "passenger" sailed to their island. Max fled from the people who kidnapped him right from the sunny island. What ransom will the mysterious villains demand for his life? Who designed this ingenious operation?…

The secret world of children in the space of the world of adults M Osorina

The book is devoted to an extremely important but little-studied problem: how a child masters the space of the world around him and what traditional methods have been created for this by children's subculture and folk pedagogy. The fourth edition of the book (the previous ones were published in 1999, 2000, 2004) is supplemented with new illustrations and the chapter "Children's Subculture in Space and Time". How do lullabies contribute to the formation of the most important spatial representations in a child? What and why is the child afraid of at home and in an unfamiliar place? Why are children attracted to...

Cornyushon and Ryleyka in the underground world Igor Malyshev

A kind and informative tale by Igor Malyshev entertainingly, in an unexpected perspective, reveals to the child how the world works. Her heroes are little people (a ten-year-old boy Cornyushon and his adult aunt Ryleyka) traveling on poplar fluffs. Having made a halt in the old garden, they walk along the branches, look at the bees and grasshoppers. A drop of dew can douse them from head to toe, and they cut strawberries into slices, like we cut watermelon. But the main (and dangerous) adventures await them underground, in the dug mole hole where they fell. See…

Robinson's heir Andre Laurie

The hero of the novel "Robinson's Heir" - the grandson of the famous Robinson Crusoe - becomes the owner of the most ancient sacred Chaldean talisman, which gives the right to own the Kandahar Emirate. The persecution of the Robinson family by a Kandahar fan, a shipwreck and other events form the basis of this captivating novel. The book is of interest to a wide range of readers, especially for children of middle and senior school age.

Book 22

It is possible to manage the universe only if you know how it works, understand the laws by which it functions and have the strength to interfere with its management. Such knowledge and the possibility of its optimal use for one's own benefit should be given to a person by the science of the universe - Kabbalah. How? We are initially born with five senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste. All the information received with their help enters the brain and gives us a certain picture of the world around us. But if our senses...

The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (Translated from Japanese) by Nagaru Tanigawa

The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (Translated from English) Nagaru Tanigawa

This is no ordinary story about Japanese school life. Kyon is a first-year student at Northern High School. Sitting behind him in the classroom is the intelligent, energetic, and desperately bored Suzumiya Haruhi, who she says has no interest in "ordinary people." She wants to meet psychics, aliens, time travelers and people from parallel worlds. Why with them? “Because it’s more interesting with them!” Soon, Kyon gets involved in various adventures of an unusual girl who is trying to make everyday life more interesting, and discovers that the people around ...

Mr Fo John Coetzee

If all Russian writers came out of Gogol's "Overcoat", then the novel by the South American writer and Nobel laureate J.M. Coetzee "Mr. Fo" and the novel by the Frenchman Michel Tournier "Friday, or the Pacific Limb" also have the same progenitor. This is Daniel Defoe with his famous book Robinson Crusoe. The authors of the novels included in this book refer to the plot that immortalized another writer, Daniel Defoe. The first of these novels was written in France in 1967, the second in South Africa twenty-one years later. The creator of "Friday" was awarded the Prix Goncourt, the author of "Mr.

The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole Sue Townsend

Life is not easy when you are 13 years old - especially if a volcanic pimple has jumped on your chin, you can’t decide which of your careless parents to live with, an evil bully is waiting for you around the corner of the school, you don’t know who to become - a rural veterinarian or a great writer, beautiful classmate Pandora did not look in your direction today, and in the evening you need to go cut your nails to an old grumpy invalid ... Adrian Mole, invented by the English writer Sue Townsend, gained fame in the literary world no less than that of Robinson Crusoe, ...

Journey to the edge of the room Tibor Fischer

"An ultra-modern take on the Robinson Crusoe theme!" Golding's Swimming Rituals for Generation X! "The most unusual work of Tibor Fischer!" Here are the least enthusiastic of the critical responses that have been addressed to the new novel of the alternative prose classic. Crazy computer girl who never leaves her apartment - and travels the world using the Internet ... Letters from the other world - from a man who died ten years ago ... Barcelona clubs - Meccas of "advanced youth" ... A deadly lagoon at the end of the world - ...

The Science of Living Alfred Adler

"Science to live"! How effective, confident, categorically! This very well characterizes the style of A. Adler's presentation: the style of the police commissioner telling the criminal about his crime. At the same time, the author very reasonably explains the meaning of such a catchy name, relying on the statement of his favorite pragmatic philosopher William James (in Russia he is better known in the transcription "James"): they say, only science that is truly connected with real life can be called science . At the same time, it will be a science of life, which for Adler is equivalent to ...

Kononov Varvara Mikhail Akhmanov

If a writer begins to identify himself with his literary hero, this can lead to the most unpredictable consequences. Kim Kononov, the creator of the next continuation of the famous saga about the adventures of Conan the Barbarian, is gradually losing the border between fiction and reality, starting to look at the world around him through the eyes of his almost namesake and doing things quite worthy of a violent Cimmerian. And even when an alien, a galactic wanderer Trixie, who provided Kim in exchange for “living space” moves into the excited brain of the writer ...

– Shortly after I settled on the island, it suddenly occurred to me that I would lose track of time and even cease to distinguish Sundays from weekdays if I did not start a calendar.

I arranged the calendar as follows: I hewed a large log with an ax and drove it into the sand on the shore, in the very place where the storm threw me, and nailed a crossbar to this post, on which I carved in large letters the following words:

Since then, every day I made a notch in the form of a short line on my post. After six lines, I made one longer - this meant Sunday; the notches that mark the first of each month I made even longer. This is how I kept my calendar, marking days, weeks, months and years.

In enumerating the things that I brought from the ship, as already mentioned, in eleven steps, I did not mention many trifles, although not particularly valuable, but nevertheless of great service to me. So, for example, in the cabins of the captain and his assistant, I found ink, pens and paper, three or four compasses, some astronomical instruments, spyglasses, geographical maps and a ship's log. I put all this in one of the chests just in case, not even knowing if I would need any of these things. Then I came across some books in Portuguese. I picked them too.

We had two cats and a dog on the ship. I carried the cats ashore on a raft; the dog, even during my first trip, jumped into the water and swam after me. For many years she was my reliable assistant, served me faithfully. She almost replaced human society for me, only she could not speak. Oh, how much I would have given to have her speak! I tried my best to save ink, pens and paper. As long as I had ink, I wrote down in detail everything that happened to me; when they ran out, I had to stop recording, because I did not know how to make ink and could not think of anything to replace them with.

In general, although I had such a vast warehouse of all kinds of things, besides ink, I still lacked a lot: I had neither a shovel, nor a spade, nor a pick - not a single tool for excavation. There were no needles or threads. My linen fell into complete disrepair, but soon I learned to do without linen at all, without experiencing great deprivation.

Since I did not have the necessary tools, any work went very slowly and was given with great difficulty. Over that palisade with which I circled my dwelling, I worked for almost a whole year. To chop thick poles in the forest, to carve stakes out of them, to drag these stakes to the tent - all this took a lot of time. The stakes were very heavy, so I could only lift one at a time, and sometimes it took me two days just to cut the stake and bring it home, and the third day to drive it into the ground.

Driving stakes into the ground, I first used a heavy club, but then I remembered that I had iron crowbars that I had brought from the ship. I began to work with a crowbar, although I will not say that this greatly facilitated my work. In general, driving in stakes was one of the most tedious and unpleasant jobs for me. But should I be embarrassed by this? After all, I didn’t know what to do with my time anyway, and I had no other business but wandering around the island in search of food; I have been doing this carefully day in and day out.

Sometimes despair attacked me, I experienced mortal anguish, in order to overcome these bitter feelings, I took up a pen and tried to prove to myself that there was still a lot of good in my distress.

I split the page in half and wrote “bad” on the left and “good” on the right, and this is what I got:

BAD - GOOD

I am abandoned on a desolate, uninhabited island with no hope of escape. - But I survived, although I could have drowned, like all my companions.

I am removed from all mankind; I am a hermit, banished forever from the human world. “But I didn’t starve to death and perish in this desert.

I have few clothes, and soon I will have nothing to cover my nakedness. “But the climate is hot here, and you can do without clothes.

I cannot defend myself if I am attacked by evil people or wild beasts. But there are no people or animals here. And I can consider myself lucky that I was not washed up on the coast of Africa, where there are so many ferocious predators.

I have no one to have a word with, no one to encourage and console me. “But I managed to stock up on everything necessary for life and provide myself with food for the rest of my days.

These reflections have been of great help to me. I saw that I should not lose heart and despair, because in the most difficult sorrows one can and must find consolation.

I calmed down and became much more cheerful. Until that time, I only thought about how I could leave this island; for whole hours I peered into the sea distance - whether a ship would appear somewhere. Now, having done away with empty hopes, I began to think about how I could better establish my life on the island.

I have already described my home. It was a tent pitched on the side of a mountain and surrounded by a strong double palisade. But now my fence could be called a wall or a rampart, because close to it, on its outer side, I brought out an earthen mound two feet thick.

Some time later (a year and a half later) I put poles on my mound, leaning them against the slope of the mountain, and on top I made a flooring of branches and long wide leaves. Thus, my courtyard was under a roof, and I could not be afraid of the rains, which, as I have already said, at certain times of the year mercilessly watered my island.

The reader already knows that I transferred all the property to my fortress - at first only to the fence, and then to the cave, which I dug in the hill behind the tent. But I must confess that at first my things were piled up at random, and cluttered up the whole yard. I kept bumping into them and literally had nowhere to turn. To lay everything properly, the cave had to be widened.

After I had closed the entrance to the enclosure, and therefore could consider myself safe from the attack of predatory animals, I began to expand and lengthen my cave. Fortunately, the mountain consisted of loose sandstone. Having dug the ground to the right, as much as was necessary according to my calculation, I turned even more to the right and brought the passage outside, beyond the fence.

This through underground passage - the back door of my dwelling - not only gave me the opportunity to freely leave the yard and return home, but also significantly increased the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmy pantry.

Having finished with this work, I began to make furniture for myself. What I needed most was a table and a chair: without a table and a chair, I could not fully enjoy even those modest comforts that were available to me in my solitude - I could neither eat like a human being, nor write, nor read.

And so I became a carpenter.

Never in my life until then had I taken a carpenter's tool in my hands, and yet, thanks to natural quick wits and perseverance in work, I gradually gained such experience that, if I had all the necessary tools, I could put together any furniture.

But even without tools or almost without tools, with only an ax and a planer, I did a lot of things, although probably no one else did them in such a primitive way and did not expend so much labor. Just to make a plank, I had to chop down a tree, clear the trunk of branches, and hew both sides until it turned into some kind of plank. The method was inconvenient and very unprofitable, since only one board came out of the whole tree. But nothing can be done, had to endure. In addition, my time and my labor were very cheap, so does it really matter where and what they went for?

So, first of all I made myself a table and a chair. I used short boards taken from the ship for this. Then I hewed long boards in my primitive way, and fitted in my cellar several shelves, one above the other, a foot and a half wide. I piled tools, nails, pieces of iron and other trifles on them - in a word, I put everything in its place so that when I needed it I could easily find every thing.

In addition, I drove pegs into the wall of my cellar and hung guns, pistols and other things on them.

Anyone who would see my cave after that would probably take it for a warehouse of all kinds of household supplies. And it was a real pleasure for me to look into this warehouse - there was so much good stuff there, all things were laid out and hung in such an order, and every little thing was at my fingertips.

From that time on, I began to keep my diary, writing down everything that I did during the day. At first, I had no time for notes: I was too overwhelmed with work; besides, such gloomy thoughts depressed me then that I was afraid that they would not be reflected in my diary.

But now that I have finally managed to master my anguish, when, having ceased to cradle myself with fruitless dreams and hopes, I have taken up the arrangement of my dwelling, put my household in order, made myself a table and a chair, and generally settled myself as comfortably and comfortably as possible, I took up the diary. I quote it here in its entirety, although most of the events described in it are already known to the reader from previous chapters. I repeat, I kept my diary carefully as long as I had ink. When the ink came out, the diary involuntarily had to be stopped. First of all, I made myself a table and a chair.

A life, The Extraordinary and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on a desert island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship except him died, outlining his unexpected release by pirates; written by himself.

Robinson was the third son in the family, a darling, he was not prepared for any craft, and from childhood his head was full of "all sorts of nonsense" - mainly dreams of sea voyages. His older brother died in Flanders fighting the Spaniards, the middle one went missing, and therefore they don’t want to hear at home about letting the last son go to sea. The father, "a sedate and intelligent man", tearfully implores him to strive for a modest existence, in every way extolling the "average state", which protects a sane person from evil vicissitudes of fate. The exhortations of the father only temporarily reason with the 18-year-old undergrowth. The attempt of the intractable son to enlist the support of his mother is also not crowned with success, and for almost a year he breaks his parents' hearts, until September 1, 1651, he sails from Hull to London, tempted by a free passage (the captain is his friend's father).

Already the first day at sea was a harbinger of future trials. The storm that breaks out awakens repentance in the soul of the disobedient, however, subsided with bad weather and finally dispelled by drinking (“as usual with sailors”). A week later, on the Yarmouth roadstead, a new, much more ferocious storm flies. The experience of the team selflessly rescuing the ship does not help: the ship is sinking, the sailors are picked up by a boat from a neighboring ship. On the shore, Robinson again experiences a fleeting temptation to heed the harsh lesson and return to his parental home, but "evil fate" keeps him on his chosen disastrous path. In London, he meets the captain of a ship preparing to go to Guinea, and decides to sail with them - fortunately, this will not cost him anything, he will be the captain's "companion and friend". How will the late Robinson, wise by trials, reproach himself for this prudent carelessness of his! If he were hired as a simple sailor, he would learn the duties and work of a sailor, otherwise he is just a merchant making a lucky turn on his forty pounds. But he acquires some nautical knowledge: the captain willingly works with him, while away the time. Upon returning to England, the captain soon dies, and Robinson sets off on his own to Guinea.

It was an unsuccessful expedition: their ship is captured by a Turkish corsair, and young Robinson, as if in fulfillment of his father’s gloomy prophecies, goes through a difficult period of trials, turning from a merchant into a “miserable slave” of the captain of a robber ship. He uses it at home, does not take it to the sea, and for two years Robinson has no hope of breaking free. The owner, meanwhile, weakens his supervision, sends a captive with a Moor and a boy Xuri to fish at the table, and one day, sailing far from the coast, Robinson throws the Moor overboard and persuades Xuri to escape. He is well prepared: the boat has a supply of crackers and fresh water, tools, guns and gunpowder. On the way, the fugitives shoot living creatures on the shore, even kill a lion and a leopard, peace-loving natives supply them with water and food. Finally they are picked up by an oncoming Portuguese ship. Condescending to the plight of the rescued, the captain undertakes to take Robinson to Brazil for free (they are sailing there); moreover, he buys his launch and "faithful Xuri", promising in ten years ("if he accepts Christianity") to return the boy's freedom. “It made a difference,” Robinson concludes complacently, having done away with remorse.

In Brazil, he settles down thoroughly and, it seems, for a long time: he receives Brazilian citizenship, buys land for plantations of tobacco and sugar cane, works on it in the sweat of his brow, belatedly regretting that Xuri is not around (how an extra pair of hands would help!). Paradoxically, he comes precisely to that “golden mean” with which his father seduced him - so why, he laments now, should he leave his parents' house and climb to the ends of the world? Neighbors-planters are located to him, willingly help, he manages to get from England, where he left money with the widow of his first captain, the necessary goods, agricultural implements and household utensils. Here it would be nice to calm down and continue his profitable business, but the “passion for wandering” and, most importantly, “the desire to get rich sooner than circumstances allowed” prompt Robinson to drastically break the established way of life.

It all started with the fact that the plantations required workers, and slave labor was expensive, since the delivery of blacks from Africa was fraught with the dangers of a sea passage and was still hampered by legal obstacles (for example, the English Parliament would allow the slave trade to private individuals only in 1698) . After listening to Robinson's stories about his trips to the shores of Guinea, the neighboring planters decide to equip a ship and secretly bring slaves to Brazil, dividing them here among themselves. Robinson is invited to participate as a ship's clerk responsible for the purchase of Negroes in Guinea, and he himself will not invest any money in the expedition, and he will receive slaves on an equal basis with everyone else, and in his absence, companions will oversee his plantations and watch over his interests. Of course, he is tempted by favorable conditions, habitually (and not very convincingly) cursing "vagrant inclinations." What "inclinations" if he thoroughly and sensibly, observing all the melancholy formalities, disposes of the property he leaves behind! Never before had fate warned him so clearly: he sailed on the first of September 1659, that is, eight years after his escape from his parental home, to the day. In the second week of the voyage, a fierce squall came up, and for twelve days they were battered by the "fury of the elements." The ship leaked, needed to be repaired, the crew lost three sailors (there were seventeen people on the ship), and it was no longer to Africa - it would be more likely to get to land. A second storm is played out, they are carried far from the trade routes, and then in sight of the earth the ship runs aground, and on the only remaining boat the team is "given to the will of the raging waves." Even if they do not drown, rowing to the shore, the surf will blow their boat to pieces near the land, and the approaching land seems to them "more terrible than the sea itself." A huge shaft "the size of a mountain" overturns the boat, and exhausted, miraculously not finished off by the overtaking waves, Robinson gets out on land.

Alas, he alone escaped, as evidenced by three hats thrown ashore, a cap and two unpaired shoes. Frenzied joy is replaced by grief for the dead comrades, the pangs of hunger and cold and fear of wild animals. He spends the first night in a tree. By morning the tide had driven their ship close to the shore, and Robinson swam to it. From spare masts, he builds a raft and loads on it "everything necessary for life": food, clothing, carpentry tools, guns and pistols, shot and gunpowder, sabers, saws, an ax and a hammer. With incredible difficulty, at the risk of tipping over every minute, he brings the raft to a calm bay and sets off to find a place to live. From the top of the hill, Robinson understands his “bitter fate”: this is an island, and, by all indications, uninhabited. Fenced on all sides by chests and boxes, he spends the second night on the island, and in the morning he again swims to the ship, hurrying to take what he can, until the first storm breaks him into pieces. On this trip, Robinson took a lot of useful things from the ship - again guns and gunpowder, clothes, a sail, mattresses and pillows, iron crowbars, nails, a screwdriver and a sharpener. On the shore, he builds a tent, transfers food and gunpowder to it from the sun and rain, arranges a bed for himself. In total, he visited the ship twelve times, always getting hold of something valuable - canvas, gear, crackers, rum, flour, "iron parts" (he, to his great chagrin, almost completely drowned them). On his last run, he came across a chiffonier with money (this is one of the famous episodes of the novel) and philosophically reasoned that in his position all this “heap of gold” was not worth any of the knives that lay in the next box, however, on reflection, “decided to take them with you." That same night a storm broke out, and next morning nothing was left of the ship.

Robinson's first concern is the arrangement of reliable, safe housing - and most importantly, in view of the sea, from where only one can expect salvation. On the slope of the hill, he finds a flat clearing and on it, against a small depression in the rock, he decides to pitch a tent, protecting it with a palisade of strong trunks driven into the ground. It was possible to enter the "fortress" only by a ladder. He expanded the recess in the rock - a cave turned out, he uses it as a cellar. This work took many days. He quickly gains experience. In the midst of construction work, rain poured down, lightning flashed, and Robinson's first thought: gunpowder! It was not the fear of death that frightened him, but the possibility of losing gunpowder at once, and for two weeks he pours it into bags and boxes and hides it in different places (at least a hundred). At the same time, he now knows how much gunpowder he has: two hundred and forty pounds. Without numbers (money, goods, cargo) Robinson is no longer Robinson.

Involved in historical memory, growing from the experience of generations and relying on the future, although Robinson is alone, he is not lost in time, which is why the construction of a calendar becomes the first concern of this life-builder - this is a large pillar on which he makes a notch every day. The first date there is September 30, 1659. From now on, each of his days is named and taken into account, and for the reader, especially those of that time, the reflection of a great story falls on the works and days of Robinson. During his absence, the monarchy was restored in England, and the return of Robinson "guesses" the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688, which brought to the throne William of Orange, Defoe's benevolent patron; in the same years, the “Great Fire” (1666) will happen in London, and the revived urban planning will unrecognizably change the face of the capital; during this time Milton and Spinoza will die; Charles II will issue the Habeas Corpus Act, a law on the inviolability of the person. And in Russia, which, as it turns out, will also be indifferent to the fate of Robinson, at this time they burn Avvakum, execute Razin, Sophia becomes regent under Ivan V and Peter I. These distant lightnings flicker over a man who is burning an earthenware pot.

Among the "not very valuable" things taken from the ship (remember the "heap of gold") were ink, pens, paper, "three very good Bibles", astronomical instruments, spyglasses. Now, when his life is getting better (by the way, three cats and a dog, also on board, live with him, then a moderately talkative parrot will be added), it's time to comprehend what is happening, and until the ink and paper run out, Robinson keeps a diary so that "at least lighten your soul a little." This is a kind of ledger of "evil" and "good": in the left column - he is thrown onto a desert island with no hope of deliverance; in the right - he is alive, and all his comrades drowned. In the diary, he describes in detail his activities, makes observations - both remarkable (regarding the sprouts of barley and rice), and everyday ("It was raining." "It's been raining all day again").

The earthquake that happened forces Robinson to think about a new place for housing - it is not safe under the mountain. Meanwhile, a wrecked ship is nailed to the island, and Robinson takes building material and tools from it. On the same days, he is overcome by a fever, and in a feverish dream a man "in flames" appears to him, threatening him with death because he "does not repent." Lamenting about his fatal delusions, Robinson for the first time "in many years" makes a prayer of repentance, reads the Bible - and is treated to the best of his ability. Rum, infused with tobacco, after which he slept for two nights, will raise him to his feet. Accordingly, one day fell out of his calendar. Having recovered, Robinson finally examines the island, where he has lived for more than ten months. In its flat part, among unknown plants, he meets acquaintances - melon and grapes; the latter pleases him especially, he will dry it in the sun, and in the off-season raisins will strengthen his strength. And the island is rich in living creatures - hares (very tasteless), foxes, turtles (these, on the contrary, will pleasantly diversify his table) and even penguins, puzzling in these latitudes. He looks at these heavenly beauties with a master's eye - he has no one to share them with. He decides to set up a hut here, fortify it well and live for several days at the “dacha” (this is his word), spending most of the time “on the old ashes” near the sea, from where liberation can come.

Continuously working, Robinson, for the second and third year, does not allow himself any indulgence. Here is his day: “In the foreground are religious duties and the reading of the Holy Scriptures (…) The second of the daily activities was hunting (…) The third was sorting, drying and preparing the killed or caught game.” Add to this the care of the crops, and then the harvest; add livestock care; add housework (make a shovel, hang a shelf in the cellar), which takes a lot of time and effort due to lack of tools and inexperience. Robinson has the right to be proud of himself: "With patience and work, I brought to the end all the work to which I was forced by circumstances." It's a joke to say, he will bake bread, doing without salt, yeast and a suitable oven!

His cherished dream is to build a boat and get to the mainland. He does not even think about who and what he will meet there, the main thing is to escape from captivity. Driven by impatience, without thinking about how to deliver the boat from the forest to the water, Robinson cuts down a huge tree and for several months carves a pirogue out of it. When she is finally ready, he will not be able to launch her into the water. He stoically endures failure: Robinson has become wiser and more self-possessed, he has learned to balance "evil" and "good". He prudently uses the resulting leisure time to update a worn-out wardrobe: he “builds” himself a fur suit (trousers and jacket), sews a hat and even makes an umbrella. Five more years pass in everyday work, marked by the fact that he built a boat, launched it into the water and equipped it with a sail. You can’t get to a distant land on it, but you can go around the island. The current takes him to the open sea, with great difficulty he returns to the shore not far from the "cottage". Having suffered fear, he will lose his desire for sea walks for a long time. This year, Robinson is improving in pottery and basket weaving (stocks are growing), and most importantly, he makes himself a royal gift - a pipe! There is an abyss of tobacco on the island.

His measured existence, filled with work and useful leisure, suddenly bursts like a soap bubble. On one of his walks, Robinson sees a bare footprint in the sand. Frightened to death, he returns to the "fortress" and sits there for three days, puzzling over an incomprehensible riddle: whose trace? Most likely, these are savages from the mainland. Fear settles in his soul: what if he is discovered? The savages might eat it (he had heard of it), they might destroy the crops and disperse the herd. Starting to go out a little, he takes security measures: he strengthens the “fortress”, arranges a new (distant) corral for goats. Among these troubles, he again comes across human tracks, and then sees the remains of a cannibal feast. Looks like the island has been visited again. Horror has been possessing him all the two years that he has remained without getting out on his part of the island (where there is a "fortress" and a "dacha"), living "always on the alert." But gradually life returns to the "former calm course", although he continues to build bloodthirsty plans on how to ward off the savages from the island. His ardor is cooled by two considerations: 1) these are tribal feuds, the savages did nothing wrong to him personally; 2) why are they worse than the Spaniards who flooded South America with blood? These conciliatory thoughts are prevented by a new visitation of savages (the twenty-third anniversary of his stay on the island is underway), who landed this time on "his" side of the island. Having celebrated their terrible feast, the savages swim away, and Robinson is still afraid to look towards the sea for a long time.

And the same sea beckons him with the hope of liberation. On a stormy night, he hears a cannon shot - a ship is giving a distress signal. All night long he burns a huge fire, and in the morning he sees in the distance the wreck of a ship that has crashed on the reefs. Longing for loneliness, Robinson prays to heaven that "at least one" of the team escaped, but "evil fate", as if in mockery, throws the cabin boy's corpse ashore. And on the ship he will not find a single living soul. It is noteworthy that the poor "booty" from the ship does not upset him very much: he stands firmly on his feet, fully provides for himself, and only gunpowder, shirts, linen - and, according to old memory, money pleases him. He is obsessed with the idea of ​​​​escape to the mainland, and since it is impossible to do it alone, Robinson dreams of saving the savage destined for “slaughter” to help, arguing in the usual categories: “get a servant, or maybe a comrade or assistant”. He has been making cunning plans for a year and a half, but in life, as usual, everything turns out simply: cannibals arrive, the prisoner escapes, Robinson knocks down one pursuer with the butt of a gun, and shoots another to death.

Robinson's life is filled with new - and pleasant - worries. Friday, as he called the saved, turned out to be a capable student, a faithful and kind comrade. Robinson puts three words at the basis of his education: "master" (referring to himself), "yes" and "no". He eradicates bad savage habits by teaching Friday to eat broth and wear clothes, as well as "to know the true god" (prior to this, Friday worshiped "an old man named Bunamuki, who lives high"). Mastering English. Friday tells that seventeen Spaniards who escaped from the lost ship live on the mainland with his fellow tribesmen. Robinson decides to build a new pirogue and, together with Friday, rescue the captives. The new arrival of the savages disrupts their plans. This time, the cannibals bring in a Spaniard and an old man who turns out to be Friday's father. Robinson and Friday, no worse than his master with a gun, free them. The idea of ​​gathering everyone on the island, building a reliable ship and trying their luck at sea is to the liking of the Spaniard. In the meantime, a new plot is being sown, goats are being caught - a considerable replenishment is expected. Taking an oath from the Spaniard not to surrender to the Inquisition, Robinson sends him with Friday's father to the mainland. And on the eighth day, new guests come to the island. The rebellious team from the English ship brings the captain, assistant and passenger to be punished. Robinson cannot miss such a chance. Taking advantage of the fact that he knows every path here, he frees the captain and his comrades in misfortune, and five of them deal with the villains. Robinson's only condition is to bring him to England with Friday. The rebellion is pacified, two notorious villains are hanging on a yardarm, three more are left on the island, having humanely provided with everything necessary; but more valuable than provisions, tools and weapons - the very experience of survival that Robinson shares with the new settlers, there will be five of them in total - two more will escape from the ship, not really trusting the captain's forgiveness.

Robinson's twenty-eight-year odyssey ended: on June 11, 1686, he returned to England. His parents died long ago, but a good friend, the widow of his first captain, is still alive. In Lisbon, he learns that all these years his Brazilian plantation was managed by an official from the treasury, and since it now turns out that he is alive, all the income for this period is returned to him. A wealthy man, he takes care of two nephews, and prepares the second for sailors. Finally, Robinson marries (he is sixty-one years old) "not without benefit and quite successfully in all respects." He has two sons and a daughter.