PINOCCHIO

PINOCCHIO (Italian Pinocchio) is the hero of the fairy tale by C. Lorenzini (pseudonym - Collodi) "The Adventures of Pinocchio" (1880). This book also has a second title - "The Story of a Wooden Man". Indeed, its hero is a mischievous wooden puppet, which became the prototype of our Pinocchio.

Even before his birth, being an ordinary-looking log, P. managed to deliver a lot of trouble to those who tried to deal with him. He so frightened the carpenter Master Antonio that the usually red tip of his nose turned dark blue and his face twisted. He then quarreled with Antonio and his colleague and friend Geppetto. Further even worse. Geppetto had not yet had time to cut out the head from the log received as a gift from Antonio, and P. had already begun to make mocking faces and show his tongue. As soon as he finished making the little man's legs, Geppetto immediately received a kick in the nose, and the wooden mischievous jumped out into the street and ran from his creator, making jumps no worse than a hare. Then P. started an argument with an old cricket, who was trying to reason with the self-confident, unbearable little man, but the argument ended very badly - P. simply killed the poor fellow by throwing a wooden hammer at him.

P. is arranged in such a way that all his good intentions end in a completely opposite result. Here he is, touched by the fact that Geppetto sold his only jacket to buy a primer, dreams of how he will study, then find a job, earn a lot of money and buy his father a jacket, new, "all of gold and silver", but, as soon as he hears about the performance of the puppet theater, he forgets about his plans and changes the primer for a ticket.

Having received five gold coins from the owner of the puppet theater, P., however, again remembers his father (he is sometimes both kind and brave - for example, when he stands up for Harlequin, whom the owner of the theater wants to throw into the fire), but immediately falls into nets of the Fox and the Cat, believing their fairy tales about the Magic Field, where five gold coins instantly turn into two thousand five hundred. Whenever P. shows stupidity, stubbornness or arrogance, some kind of trouble happens to him. So life tries to teach the unbearable boy, but he is very difficult to learn and hardly learns from what is happening. Once in another mess, P. invariably remembers his poor father and the benefits of staying under his roof. But with the same constancy, P. forgets about his repentance and embarks on new adventures.

The good fairy promised P. that he would become a man if he deserved it. And you can earn it only by becoming a “good boy”: study hard, stop telling lies. But it is easy to understand that he is still very far from becoming a man. He was almost sent to prison, almost fried in a pan with fish. The most terrible thing happened to him when he succumbed to the persuasion of his friend Wick and went with him to the Land of Amusements. Once there, P. turned into a donkey.

P. has many shortcomings, but he has a good heart, and he does not lack entrepreneurship. Once in the belly of a huge shark, he finds his adored father there and saves him from imprisonment in the shark's belly. In order to get a glass of milk for his father, he even agrees to turn the gardener's gate. And the good fairy, having learned that she is sick, without the slightest regret gives the money saved for a new costume. Of course, these were already the actions of a real person. P. turned into a "smart, handsome boy with brown hair and blue eyes, with a cheerful, joyful face."

In the Italian city of Collodi, the birthplace of the mother of the writer Carlo Collodi, there is a monument to Pinocchio - one of the few monuments to literary heroes in the world.

O.G. Petrova

literary heroes. - Academician. 2009 .

See what "PINOCCHIO" is in other dictionaries:

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The author of Pinocchio, a fairy tale known throughout the world, was born in Italy on November 24, 1826. The boy's name was Carlo Lorenzini. Carlo took the pseudonym Collodi later, when he began to write fairy tales for children (that was the name of the village where his mother was from). At first, these were free translations of the tales of another, no less famous storyteller - Charles Perrault. And the author of Pinocchio began to compose his main fairy tale in life when he was 55 years old, at a fairly mature age!

Fairy tale "The Adventures of Pinocchio"

The editor of the Children's Newspaper, which was published in Rome in those years, suggested that the storyteller write a book for children. Fascinated by the idea of ​​describing the adventures of Pinocchio, the author wrote the first story from the book in one night! And in print, the first chapter appears on July 7, 1881. Then, in each issue of the publication, stories from the life of a wooden boy are printed, which are a stunning success with young readers.

The author of "Pinocchio" wanted to complete his work by hanging the protagonist, but child readers wrote so many letters to the editors of the "Children's Newspaper" asking for continuation that the storyteller had to continue publishing. And in 1883, a separate book was published in Florence, where all the chapters published earlier in the Children's Newspaper were collected. It was published by the publisher Felicio Pagi. And he painted Pinocchio, a wooden man, a compatriot of the storyteller Enrico Matsanti, an artist who determined the appearance for many years to come.

A happy ending

The story ends with Pinocchio (Italian for "pine nut", from "pino" - pine) from a wooden pinocchio (Italian for "puppet doll") turns into a man. The author of Pinocchio, at the request of his readers, deliberately changed the ending of the work from a negative-edifying to a positive one, and the tale benefited greatly from this. By the beginning of the 20th century, the book had gone through about 500 editions in Italy alone, and became popular in other countries as well. The author of "Pinocchio", a fairy tale with a happy ending, has long died, and his wonderful work is still loved by children and adults all over the world!

Thanks to Carlo Collodi and the wooden man, the village of Collodi also became famous: there is a monument to Pinocchio with an inscription of gratitude from admiring readers. Moreover, the age of these readers is interpreted in the range from four to seventy years!

Pinocchio and Pinocchio

Among the young readers of "Pinocchio" was once Alyosha Tolstoy, a future Russian writer and storyteller. Many years passed, and he decided to retell Collodi's book, but in his own way. This is how the fairy tale “The Golden Key”, familiar to us from childhood, saw the light of day. Thus, another wooden boy was born - Pinocchio, restless, terribly curious, cheerful.

The fairy tale "The Adventures of Pinocchio" was published in the newspaper "Pionerskaya Pravda" in 1935. And in 1936 it was published as a separate book in Russia. Since then, the book has gone through many editions and adaptations. It remains popular to this day.

Both stories about wooden boys begin in the same way: an old craftsman once carved a doll out of a wonderful talking log. After that ... But we will not retell the plots, it is better to take books and read on your own!

The idea does not occur to readers and viewers that the wooden man could have a real prototype, and the events that took place are not only the author’s fiction.

Who among us did not read a fairy tale in childhood Carlo Collodi"Adventures Pinocchio"! Well, the cartoon based on this children's book was definitely seen by everyone, in extreme cases, they watched the Soviet three-part fairy tale film about Pinocchio- the "heir" of Pinocchio, so to speak, the Russian version of the Italian fairy tale. However, both sympathetic heroes are by no means only a figment of the authors' imagination.

Once Upon a Time in an Italian Cemetery

One of the scientists, who were excavating near Florence, wandered into the old cemetery while resting. Walking slowly between the graves, the curious scientist suddenly saw the inscription: Pinocchio Sanchez, 1790-1834".

Interested in such a strange name - straight from a children's fairy tale - the scientist obtained permission for the exhumation. And amazing things happened! The body of Pinocchio Sanchez, taken from the grave, turned out to be ... wooden.

Never grew up

Shocked by the unusual appearance of the corpse, historians began to painstakingly recreate the history of the "wooden man". After much research, it was found that in Florence, in the poor Sanchez family, in 1790 a boy was indeed born. At first everything was fine - the boy grew up healthy and cheerful. However, it later turned out that at some point he stopped growing, and at the age of eighteen, Pinocchio's height reached only 130 centimeters.

However, this shortcoming did not prevent the authorities from calling the guy for military service. Since such small soldiers are not particularly useful in combat, the command made him a drummer. More than once he had to be in various alterations, but he always returned to duty - along with his drum.

So he served 15 years. And then disaster struck - a small soldier fell off a mountain cliff and was injured, and very badly: he returned home without one arm and both legs, in addition, he injured his nose.

Appearance of Papa Carlo

And this is where “Papa Carlo” enters the scene - his name was really Carlo, he was a cabinetmaker - apparently a genius, because he did the impossible. wood craftsman Carlo Bestulgi made wooden prostheses for the unfortunate Pinocchio. Now he could move his arms, at the very least walk on his new legs, and even the new nose hardly spoiled the soldier's face. Scientists who removed the remains of Pinocchio from the grave were able to see the distinct trademarks of Carlo Bestulgi on wooden prostheses, which partially survived and partially rotted.

Pinocchio has a new life. He learned to control his half-wooden body so well that he began performing in the circus - walking on a tightrope, and thousands of admiring spectators came to see this miracle.

There are no wooden heads...

In the status of a circus artist, Pinocchio spent 10 years. It is possible that he would continue to do acrobatics and live to old age, but he was overtaken by evil fate - during one of the performances, Pinocchio broke and fell from a height. This time, no cabinetmaker, even the most brilliant, could help - the "wooden man" broke his head.

The brave Pinocchio, a favorite of the public, commanding respect and admiration for his perseverance and resilient character, died.

But how did this amazing person migrate to the Italian fairy tale?

Letter to Carlo Collodi

Scientists stubbornly continued to dig further into history - everyone was interested to know how the fates of the wooden man and the writer Collodi crossed. And they found a letter written by Collodi to his sister. He told her the story of a little drummer who was injured in the service and brought back to life by the talented hands of a master cabinetmaker.

“I want to write about this man,” Collodi shared his plans.

At first, he intended to create a serious novel, full of hardships and hopes, misfortunes and courage. But for some reason, from the first pages, a fairy tale began to turn out. Perhaps the nature of the writer responded to the tragic fate of Pinocchio Sanchez in such a way, deciding to give his life a fabulous coloring? In a word, instead of a tragic biography novel, a sparkling, full of subtle humor and charm, the world-famous and beloved fairy tale "The Adventures of Pinocchio" was born.

It only remains to add that the writer Carlo Lorenzini(real name Carlo Collodi) was buried in the same cemetery as his hero, not far from the grave of Pinocchio Sanchez - a wooden man, unhappy and courageous, who became the prototype of the fabulous Pinocchio, and behind him - Pinocchio.

We all remember the story of the merry prankster Pinocchio, written by Alexei Tolstoy based on Carlo Collodi's tale of Pinocchio. But who knows, a book about Pinocchio would have appeared on our shelves if Collodi, as he intended, had written not a fairy tale, but a serious novel about the tragic fate of a real wooden man, who today has become a symbol of Italy.

Riddle on the stone

This view is unchanged: the Basilica of San Miniato al Monte has risen above Tuscany since the 11th century. Especially beautiful is the church on the mountain in the pink rays of the setting sun. However, the view from the mountain is no worse - the whole city is in the palm of your hand. So a rare tourist will deny himself the pleasure of climbing here, wandering among the buildings of the monastery, once turned by Michelangelo into a defensive fortress, and looking at the ancient cemetery.

It was here in 2001 that a group of American archaeologists wandered with Italian colleagues, who were excavating in the vicinity of Florence and Pisa. They stood at the grave of the famous storyteller Carlo Collodi (the real name Lorenzini is also engraved on the stone) and were about to leave, when they suddenly noticed a tombstone nearby, on which was written: "Pinocchio Sanchez, 1790-1834". Did the fictional Pinocchio actually live or is it just a strange coincidence? Scientists could not get past this riddle.

In order to confirm or deny the existence of a prototype of a fairy-tale character, it was decided to carry out an exhumation, for which an authoritative surgeon-exhumologist Jeffrey Fiction was invited. The results were amazing: Sanchez actually turned out to be half wooden - wooden prostheses instead of legs and a wooden insert instead of a nose! On one of the prostheses, they found the mark of the master Carlo Bestulgi. However, a clear explanation of the history of one of the most popular Italian heroes was still far away. The exploration continued. Miraculously surviving church records were found. Pulling this thread, the researchers managed to restore the history of the alleged prototype of a wooden man.

Midget, drummer, puppet

The baby, who was born in 1790 in a poor Sanchez family, was named Pinocchio, which means "pine nut" in the Tuscan dialect. He was no different from his peers: just like them, he ran through the narrow streets of Florence, only he grew up rather poorly. Time passed, and I had to admit: Pinocchio is a midget, a dwarf. But, whatever you call it, it became clear that the boy could not grow above 130 cm. However, he nevertheless went to the war that Italy then waged for its independence, and at the age of 18 he became a regimental drummer. The war for Sanchez lasted for 15 years, but the long-awaited meeting with his native Florence did not become a joy - he returned home a cripple. It is sad to think how the legless midget would while away his days, if the case had not brought him to the miracle physician Carlo Bestulgi. There were rumors that the Aesculapius had sold his soul to the devil, but the former drummer had nothing to lose: he happily agreed to experiment with his body. Bestulji made the patient wooden prosthetic legs and even a wooden insert for the nose. Wow, to be a stump, almost a log - and at more than 30 years old again turn into a person (albeit a wooden one)!

There was no happiness, but misfortune helped: Sanchez, who looked like a living puppet, became the star of the booth and gathered crowds of curious people at fairs who wanted to look at the wooden miracle. But one day, while performing a trick, he made a mistake, fell from a height and crashed. Well, in general, also not the worst death.

The storyteller hated children

Now we will talk about another Italian boy - Carlo Lorenzini, the future storyteller who will write the story of a wooden man. He was born in 1826, so it is possible that at a very tender age he saw a wooden circus performer somewhere at the fair.

True, although Carlo was a Florentine by birth, he spent his childhood 67 km from Florence - in the tiny town of Collodi, spread out on a hillside, where his mother was from. There, the houses seem to be hiding behind the back of the old villa of Garzoni, where his mother earned her bread, serving a noble family.

At the insistence of his parents, Carlo graduated from the seminary, but got a job in a bookstore, and then took up journalism. He was a theater critic, wrote political feuilletons, published a novel (already taking the pseudonym Collodi), and then, at the suggestion of the publisher Feliso Pagio, he translated the fairy tales of Charles Perrault into Italian. But it is known that these fairy tales are the most beloved among the children of the whole world. What can please a child more than a wonderful fairy tale?

The translation was considered excellent. Collodi, as it turned out, had a talent for explaining himself in an accessible language that captivated young readers. But here's the bad luck: he himself, to put it mildly, did not like children, or, to put it simply, he could not stand it. So to writing a story about burattino (Italian - “puppet”), fairy tales “The Adventures of Pinocchio. The story of a wooden doll, which began to be printed with the continuation of the first newspaper for children in Italy, he began, driven not by enthusiasm, but rather by the need for money.

In order not to go against himself at all, the writer endowed the hero with the worst, in his opinion, traits: disobedience, deceit - and at the end roughly punished him: “The Cat and the Fox twisted his hands behind his back, put his head into a noose and pulled it around his throat , and then hung Pinocchio on an oak branch. The violent north wind roared and howled angrily, tossing the battered body of the poor puppet from side to side... This will serve as a warning to all naughty children, Carlo thought.

But the idea failed. Readers fell in love with the wooden prankster so much that, when Collodi finished with him with pleasure, they flooded the editorial office with tearful letters asking them to save Pinocchio. The author, gritting his teeth, had to describe the re-education and transformation of the hero into a person and make a happy ending. The book brought the writer worldwide fame and was translated into 260 languages. In 1883, after the completion of the publication of the story of Pinocchio, the single and childless Carlo Collodi became the editor-in-chief of the Newspaper for Children.

The letter that revealed the truth

The stories of two Florentines buried next door in the cemetery of San Miniato al Monte did nothing to explain the connection between the writer Carlo Collodi and the midget Pinocchio Sanchez. But scientists, puzzled by the coincidence, did not give up and continued to study archives, drafts of manuscripts. One day, a correspondent of a local newspaper came to their hotel, shining like a copper basin, and handed out a piece of paper on which it was written: “I am a descendant of cousin Carlo Lorenzini. It is not customary in our family to destroy letters... After reading the article, I realized that what scientists are looking for is in my possession.”

Archaeologists immediately responded to the invitation. Indeed, a letter from Collodi was found in the Lorenzini family archive: “Dear cousin, you ask me about your immediate plans. In the last message, I informed you about this unfortunate and very courageous man - Pinocchio Sanchez. I really want to write about it. At first I thought to create a serious novel. But for some reason he began to make a fairy tale for children. Why a fairy tale - I do not understand. After all, Pinocchio's life was tragic, not fabulous. I don’t know what it will eventually lead to ... ”The examination confirmed the authenticity of Collodi’s letter, thereby indicating a direct connection between the wooden fairy-tale doll and the Florentine Sanchez.

The book about Pinocchio went through about 500 editions, and the wooden man himself became one of the most popular symbols of Italy - a figure with a long nose in a red jacket and a red hat can be seen on almost any counter with souvenirs. But this was not the end of the matter. Fans of Pinocchio can not only use his image as a talisman, but also plunge into the very world of fantastic realism.

Field of Dreams

Collodi Park appeared in 1956, 67 km from Florence, in the town of Collodi. There is everything that a true Pinocchio lover will like: a workshop where wooden puppets are made, puppet shows, a tall wooden sculpture of Pinocchio, a whole alley with statues of other fairy tale characters and mosaic panels illustrating it. And also the Land of fools and the Land of entertainment, where, as we remember, a certain Mister is ready to play with children until they turn into donkeys. There is, of course, a tavern where, while having a snack, it is quite possible to meet a Fox, a Cat, and even a Talking Cricket.

200 meters from the park, smoothly flowing into it, there is another, no less striking attraction of the town: the ancient villa Garzoni located on a hill - five floors, 40 rooms, luxurious interiors and a huge baroque garden with green labyrinths, stairs, statues and fountains . This place is also called the House of a Hundred Windows or Villa Pinocchio - after all, it was here that the family lived, in which Carlo's mother served, and he himself spent his childhood.

In 2000, the villa was bought from the heirs of the Garzoni family by the founder of one of the world's largest toy manufacturers, Enrico Preziosi. He was going to build a kind of Disneyland here, combined with Pinocchio Park, but the project was never implemented.

Now the villa, put up for sale in the summer of 2014 for €19 million, is empty again. Perhaps it seems too expensive to potential buyers - in Italy, you can buy an entire island for € 2-3 million. But no one bothers to wander here as a tourist. The road between the tangerine trees will lead you to the field of Miracles, and there - who knows? - perhaps the buried five gold coins have already grown enough and they will be enough to buy Villa Pinocchio.

Notes

Excerpt characterizing Pinocchio

The Pavlograd Hussar Regiment was stationed two miles from Braunau. The squadron, in which Nikolai Rostov served as a cadet, was located in the German village of Salzenek. The squadron commander, captain Denisov, known to the entire cavalry division under the name of Vaska Denisov, was assigned the best apartment in the village. Junker Rostov had been living with the squadron commander ever since he caught up with the regiment in Poland.
On October 11, on the very day when everything in the main apartment was raised to its feet by the news of Mack's defeat, camping life at the squadron headquarters calmly went on as before. Denisov, who had been losing all night at cards, had not yet returned home when Rostov, early in the morning, on horseback, returned from foraging. Rostov, in a cadet uniform, rode up to the porch, pushed the horse, threw off his leg with a flexible, young gesture, stood on the stirrup, as if not wanting to part with the horse, finally jumped down and called out to the messenger.
“Ah, Bondarenko, dear friend,” he said to the hussar, who rushed headlong to his horse. “Let me out, my friend,” he said with that brotherly, cheerful tenderness with which good young people treat everyone when they are happy.
“I’m listening, your excellency,” answered the Little Russian, shaking his head merrily.
- Look, take it out well!
Another hussar also rushed to the horse, but Bondarenko had already thrown over the reins of the snaffle. It was evident that the junker gave well for vodka, and that it was profitable to serve him. Rostov stroked the horse's neck, then its rump, and stopped on the porch.
“Glorious! Such will be the horse! he said to himself, and, smiling and holding his saber, he ran up to the porch, rattling his spurs. The German owner, in a sweatshirt and cap, with a pitchfork, with which he cleaned the manure, looked out of the barn. The German's face suddenly brightened as soon as he saw Rostov. He smiled cheerfully and winked: “Schon, gut Morgen! Schon, gut Morgen!" [Fine, good morning!] he repeated, apparently finding pleasure in greeting the young man.
– Schonfleissig! [Already at work!] - said Rostov, still with the same joyful, brotherly smile that did not leave his animated face. – Hoch Oestreicher! Hoch Russen! Kaiser Alexander hoch! [Hooray Austrians! Hooray Russians! Emperor Alexander hurray!] - he turned to the German, repeating the words often spoken by the German host.