Heraldry Coat of arms
Smelyansky district Flag
Smelyansky district Coat of arms
the city of Smila

The coat of arms of Smila - the official symbol of the city of Smila was approved by the VIII session of the 21st convocation of the Smila City Council on July 10, 1992
The coat of arms reflects an ancient legend about the origin of the city's name. According to legend, the city was named after a brave girl who led the Slavs along secret paths to the rear of the Tatars, who besieged the settlements. In a fierce battle, he died. It is this brave girl that is depicted on the coat of arms.
The girl is depicted in a green field in a silver robe with an ornament at the bottom, a golden scythe and a red bandage on her head. She breaks a black arrow above her head. In the base - a silver wall of the settlement with black seams.

The flag of Smila - the official symbol of the city of Smila was approved by the VIII session of the 21st convocation of the Smila City Council on July 10, 1992.
In the center of the crimson rectangular panel is the small coat of arms of the city of Smela in a white frame. The aspect ratio of the panel is 2: 3 (height to length); the height of the shield of the coat of arms is half the height of the cloth.
The crimson color of the cloth, as in the days of the Cossacks (the Cossack hundred of the Chigirinsky regiment stood in Smela). The image of the coat of arms on the flag emphasizes its belonging to the city of Smela.

Smelyansky district(ukr. Smіlyansky district) is an administrative unit in the south-east of the Cherkasy region of Ukraine. The administrative center is the town of Smela.

The area is located in the central part of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine in the south-eastern part of the Cherkasy region.

It borders in the northwest with Gorodishchensky, in the north and east with Cherkassky, in the southeast with Kamensky, in the southwest with Shpolyansky districts of the region and in the south with Novomirgorodsky district of the Kirovograd region.

Population: 38 thousand people (2005)

Villages and settlements of the region

(Ukr. Smila) is a city in the Cherkasy region of Ukraine. It is the center of the Smelyansky district.

Situated on the banks of the river. Tyasmin (at the confluence of Serebryanka into it), 30 km from the regional center. The city has two railway stations: im. T. G. Shevchenko and Smela.

Population: 68,763 (2012)

Telephone code: +380-4733

History of Smela

The territory of the modern city and its environs has been inhabited for a long time. On the left bank of the Serebryanka, in the area of ​​the Irdynsky swamps, in the tracts of Yurov Gora and Derenkivtsy and in other places, a late settlement was discovered that existed here more than 15 thousand years ago, settlements and a workshop of flint tools of the Neolithic era. Burials of the Bronze Age, pre-Scythian, Early Scythian and Sarmatian times have been excavated in many burial mounds. One and a half km above the dam, on the river. Tyasmin found early Slavic settlements of the Chernyakhov culture. A treasure trove of gold things was discovered near Smela, as well as a burial ground of ancient Russian times. In addition, several nomadic mounds of the 10th-12th centuries were excavated. n. era.

The first data about the settlement on the territory of Smela can be found in the documents of the 16th century. It is known that in 1536 King Sigismund I transferred the lands on the hill above Tyasmin and Serebryanka to some Yusk or Yask Timkevich. He founded a farm here, nicknamed Yatskov nad Tyasmin by the people. The farm stood by the road along which the Tatars went to Ukraine. He soon disappeared. It is likely that nomads destroyed it. Only the name of the tract remained - Yatskov. The Timkevichs could not come to an agreement with the boyars Zhubriks (they also considered the farm to be their property) transferred the rights to their land to the Cherkasy philistines. The Cherkassy Starostvo fought the Zhubriks for a long time.

At the end of the XVI century. on the site of the former farmstead, non-registered Cossacks founded a settlement, which they called Tyasmin. At the beginning of the XVII century. the settlement turned into a small-town settlement and in 1633 passed into the possession of the Polish magnate S. Konetspolsky. Now it has become a town. Shortly after the capture of Tyasmin by Konetspolsky, the Tatars attacked him and drove many residents into captivity. One girl led the Cossacks through the impenetrable Irdinsky swamp to the rear of the enemy. “Warriors,” the legend says, “overcame the abyss of the Tatars in a bloody slaughter, only the girls did not save them ...”. The warriors buried the heroine above Tyasmin and named her Bold, and the town of Tyasmin was renamed Smela in her honor.

During the years of the liberation war of 1648-1654. Smela - the hundredth town of the Chigirinsky regiment and one of the strongholds of the insurgent peasants and Cossacks. The son of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Timothy, lived in the town. In 1653, the Russian embassies A. Matveev - I. Fomin (in June) and R. Streshnyov - M. Bredikhin (in December) passed through Smila to Chigirin to Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky 3.

In March 1654, secretly from Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the town with its surroundings was begged from the Russian Tsar by the Pereyaslav colonel Teterya, who headed the Ukrainian embassy in Moscow. Fearing that the army would find out about this and punish him severely, Teterya did not take advantage of the permission. He buried the tsar's deed of gift to Smela in the ground.

After the Andrusovo truce of 1667, Smila remained under the rule of Poland, the town again became the property of the Koniecpolskys. The frequent raids of the Turks and Tatars at that time, who more than once besieged the town, burned buildings, robbed, captured the population, forced the inhabitants of Smela in the 70s of the 17th century. leave their native places and go to the Left-bank Ukraine. There they founded the settlement of Smeloe (now the village of the same name in the Romensky district of the Sumy region). In June 1674, Russian-Ukrainian troops under the command of voivode G. Romodanovsky and hetman I. Samoylovich defeated a large detachment of the Khan's vizier and a detachment of the Turkish protege P. D. Doroshenko on Tyasmin near Smila.

Under the terms of the "Eternal Peace" (1686), the lands on the right bank of the Dnieper and on the left bank of the Tyasmin, including the Territory of the Smila, should be free. However, a little time has passed and the town begins to revive. This was facilitated by the growth of the liberation struggle of the masses of the Right Bank under the leadership of S. Palia.

From November 1742 Smela passed into the possession of the Polish magnates Lubo Mirsky. To defend themselves against the peasant-Cossack uprisings, the Lubomirskys built a wooden castle in which they kept a military garrison. For the convenience of management, the lands of the Lubomirskys were divided into provinces or keys. Smela was the center of the key that stretched over Tyasmin along the border with Russia.

For several decades, detachments of Haidamaks operated in the area of ​​Smila. They gathered in the Black Forest, not far from Smela. The population of the city took part in these uprisings, in particular in the performance of 1734 under the leadership of Verlan, the Bear. His fire spread to Bratslavshchina. In 1759, a cavalry detachment (200 men) of the Gaidamaks broke into Smela, and the following year, 360 rebels captured the Smela Castle. And the struggle acquired a wide scope in 1768 during the Koliivshchyna. On June 7, a detachment of Haidamaks, led by an associate of Zheleznyak, Yesaul Burk, captured the town, burned the castle and destroyed a lot of the nobility. Lubomirsky managed to escape.

Frightened by the powerful popular movement, tsarism helped put down the uprising.

In order to weaken anti-gentry sentiments, the Polish king in 1773 granted Smela Magdeburg rights. However, even after that, Xavier Lubomirsky, who owned the Smelyanshchina, did not feel safe. He decided to sell the town and the surrounding land. In 1787 they were bought by the Russian prince G. A. Potemkin. From 1793 Smela became the property of his nephew Count A. N. Samoilov.

After the reunification (1793) of the Right-Bank Ukraine with Russia, Smela was a county town for two years, and from January 1795 became part of the Cherkasy district.

Since 1838, the town with the surrounding lands and villages became the property of the counts of Bobrinsky.

For ten years (1838-1848) the new owners opened 6 sugar factories. In 1840, a mechanical factory began to operate in Smela, which manufactured equipment for sugar and agricultural machines.

Since 1861, the town has become a volost center.

November 17th, 2012

Smela - a city in the Cherkasy region, located 30 km from the regional center, on the main railway Kiev - Dnepropetrovsk. Smela is located about 200 km from Kiev, the main transport for communication with Kiev is minibuses, which take about 3-3.5 hours from the capital. By rail, you can only get there by long-distance trains, there is no movement of regional electric trains along the route Kiev - Smela (st. Tarasa Shevchenko), for some reason I do not understand. Apparently the Odessa and South-Western roads cannot agree on this.
The city of Smila itself was founded around the 16th century and until the end of the 18th century, like the entire Right-Bank Ukraine, was part of the Polish state. The further history of Smela, up to 1991, is connected with Russia.

family coat of arms of the Bobrinskys

City pond, formed after the construction of a dam on the Tyasmin River.

And here is the dam itself. These views are from the downstream side.

And this is from the side of the pond.

At the same time, the Tyasmin River itself is not at all big.

You can see typical houses built in the era of the USSR. By the way, a well-known modern Russian politician, historian and statesman, Vladimir Medinsky, was born in Smela.

Road passing through the dam. Now it is pedestrian, and vehicular traffic occurs through a bridge built parallel to the dam.

There is also a city park nearby. True, his condition leaves much to be desired.
Apparently, this sign has been standing here since Soviet times, only it was repainted in the 90s in independent colors.

Lake in the park.

WWII memorial.

And the Polish Catholic Assumption Church, which is in a deplorable state. The church stands right in the park. It is noteworthy that the church was built in 1827, that is, already in the era of the Russian Empire.

The church is in a state of sluggish restoration or restoration.

By the way, not a single peasant uprising in Ukraine against the power of autocratic Russia is known. So that the current Kiev historians of Russophobes would not speak about this.

Brand new benches and old dead asphalt.

There are such nice statues on the alleys of the park. Concrete slabs were laid a long time ago

Lenin in front of the fountain.

Intercession Cathedral from the other side. By the way, the entrance to the territory of the temple runs through the city market.

Entrance to the territory of the cathedral.

Old and dilapidated one-story houses in the area of ​​the city market.

One of the entrances to the market. The market is quite large and is the epicenter of city life. Here you can meet friends, relatives or, for example, a godfather, discuss something or gossip. Quiet and measured provincial life.

You know, in Smila I just rested my soul from this madhouse called Kiev. The people are very friendly, there is a wonderful Cherkasy surzhik around and not closely resembling the Western dialects that have now flooded Kiev. A taxi to any point costs 25 gr, you won’t find any Bandera or Svobodovites during the day with fire, it’s all Soviet toponymy. Lenin, Karl Marx, Sverdlov, Parkhomenok, the 60th anniversary of the USSR, the Soviet army, just like in childhood and adolescence.
In Kiev, the situation is very nervous because of these elections and people are aggressive.

Interesting billboard, by the way, in Russian.

The local fleet is represented mainly by Frets of all generations. Minibuses are mostly PAZIKs.

And this is the central square, with an administrative building typical of the times of the USSR. On it, by the way, hangs a poster with the coat of arms of Smela.

Such a serious sign and such a dead door. You won't see something like this in Kiev for a long time.

Of course, Lenin, as usual in our time - without an inscription. To the left is the local hotel.
Thus, it turns out that in the small Smila there are as many as 2 monuments to Lenin. Where is VO Svoboda looking?

One of the central streets and a preserved old house.

And in this old house there is a local museum of local lore.

And a few other old houses.

The symbol of the city of Smela is a girl with a golden scythe in a silver dress, holding a broken arrow over her head as a symbol of the victory of good over evil.

Almost destroyed local cinema under the nostalgic name "Komsomolets".

The quarter appears to be of post-war construction. Usually houses of this type were built by captured Germans.

What caught my eye in Smela was the abundance of such establishments. It seems that the main occupation of the local population is going to another world.
The office is open around the clock. I don't even know whether to laugh or cry.

And these are two quite conspicuous buildings preserved from pre-revolutionary times.
The first is the former women's gymnasium.

This is a former men's high school. Currently, there is a public school here.

The railway to Cherkasy passes right through the center of the town. It is part of the Bakhmach - Odessa line. Due to the low intensity of traffic on it, they manage with ordinary railway crossings.

Another notable building. It also houses an educational institution.
I had less than an hour before the train and I hurried towards the Shevchenko station.

Automobile overpass over the main railway Dnepropetrovsk - Kiev.

View from the bridge to the city.

Pond and forest surrounding Smela from the east.

Behind the bridge, I sat on this PAZik, because I didn’t have time to walk to the station.

This sign made me laugh.

The house is near the Shevchenko station.

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Town
Ukrainian Smila
Flag Coat of arms
49°13′ N. sh. 31°52′ E d.
The country
Status	district center
Region
District	Smelyansky district
History and geography
Founded	1542
City with	1793
Square	39.85 km²
Center height	101 ± 1 m
Timezone	UTC+2, summer UTC+3
Population
Population	67,530 people (2019)
Digital IDs
Telephone code	+380 4733
Postcode	20700
car code	CA, IA / 24
KOATUU	7110500000
smila.ck.ua

swept away(ukr. Smila) - a city, the center of the Smelyansky district.

The village of Irdynovka is subordinate to the Smelyansky City Council.

Geographical position

It is located on the left bank of the Tyasmin River.

Story

In various parts of the city and near it there are ancient mounds. Two significant ancient settlements and 44 mounds were first explored in 1879-1883 by A. A. Bobrinsky. These finds date back to belonging partly to the Stone Age, partly to the Bronze Age.

Reliable information about the origin of Smila appeared in the 16th century in the documents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: in 1542, the settlement of Yatskovo-Tyasmino appeared on the site of the farm. In the 1650s, the modern name of the settlement appeared - Smela. A settlement with this name is also indicated on the map of the French engineer Beauplan.

The town of Smila was founded in 1633 with the assistance of the magnate Stanislav Konetspolsky. The name of the city is associated with a legend, which was recorded by Count L. A. Bobrinsky: “Some girl led the soldiers through a hard-to-reach swamp to the rear of the enemy. They defeated the darkness-darkness of enemies in a bloody battle, but they did not save the girl. The warriors buried the heroine above Tyasmin and named her Bold and the town of Tyasmin was named Smela in her honor. Since 1648, Smela - a hundred town belonged to the Chigirinsky regiment. In 1654, the Pereyaslav colonel Pavel Teterya asked the tsar for a certificate for Smela in Moscow, and in 1658-1659 Colonel Daniil Vygovsky was its owner.

According to the Slobodischensky treaty of 1660, the power of the Commonwealth was restored on these lands and Smela returned to the ownership of the Koniecpolskys. Constant battles, the arbitrariness of the Poles, the raids of the Tatars and Turks led to ruin, many inhabitants of the Smela were forced to leave their native land, move to the Left Bank. In 1773, Smela acquired Magdeburg rights.

In 1768, the Smila was attacked and captured by the Haidamaks, who killed the Poles and Jews who lived here.

After the second partition of the Commonwealth in 1793, Smela became part of the Russian Empire and became the town of the Cherkasy district of the Kiev province.

In the 1830s, its industrial development began. An important role in the development of the city was played by Count A. A. Bobrinsky, who founded a sugar factory here in 1838 and a mechanical plant in 1840.

The development of the city accelerated after the construction in 1876 of the Fastov - Znamenka line of the Fastovskaya railway through Smela.

In 1909, through the efforts of the Bobrinskys, two gymnasiums (male and female) were founded, now one of these buildings houses the gymnasium named after V.T. Senator, and the other building houses the lyceum

During the Great Patriotic War, on August 4, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops, on January 29, 1944, it was liberated by the troops of the 373rd Rifle Division of the 78th Rifle Corps of the 52nd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front during the Korsun-Shevchenko operation:

The troops that broke through the enemy defenses and participated in the liberation of Smela and other cities were thanked by the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin on February 3, 1944, and saluted with 20 artillery volleys from 224 guns.

In 1975, the population was 59 thousand people, a machine-building plant, an electromechanical repair plant, a sugar factory, and a brewery operated here; a milk cannery, a garment factory, a furniture factory, railway maintenance enterprises. transport, technical school of the food industry and the museum of local lore.

In January 1989 the population was 79,449.

In May 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the decision to privatize ATP-17128, ATP-17161 located in the city, the construction and installation department, the machine-building plant, the district agricultural chemistry, in July 1995 the decision was approved to privatize the Metalist plant and the bakery.

In 1997, by decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the number of educational institutions was reduced: vocational schools No. 4, 5 and 12 were merged into the Center for Training and Retraining of Workers.

In 2015, the citric acid plant was closed and it began to be dismantled for scrap.

Due to the presence of a debt to a private company Smela Energoinvest LLC, the 2017/2018 heating season in the city began with a big delay on November 16-17, 2017 and was completed ahead of schedule on February 1, 2018; the heating season 2018/2019 did not start, in connection with which, on November 12, 2018, a state of emergency was declared in the city.

In April 2019, the sugar factory was declared bankrupt.

Economy

Most of the industry of Smela is focused on mechanical engineering, in addition to it, the food industry is also important. Smelyansky Electromechanical Plant repairs electrical machines (traction motors, generators, auxiliary electric machines of locomotives) for the needs of railway transport.

Transport

The Smela railway station is located on the Pomoshnaya - Grebyonka line, the second station in Smela is the junction station named after. Taras Shevchenko, connecting the city with many regions of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states and the Russian Federation.

Highways Kiev - Znamenka and Zolotonosha - Uman pass through the city.

Famous people

• Proskura, Georgy Fedorovich (1876-1958) - Soviet scientist, specialist in the field of hydraulic engineering and hydroaerodynamics, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1929), Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Ukrainian SSR (1944)
• Borodin, Nikolai Ivanovich (1906-?) - Soviet military leader, colonel (1943).
• Voskoboinik, Konstantin Pavlovich - the first ruler of the Lokot state.
• Grushevoy, Konstantin Stepanovich (1906-1982) - Soviet military leader, colonel general, friend of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev.
• Karpov, Valery Viktorovich (born 1984) - Ukrainian athlete and coach (powerlifting).
• Kovpak, Alexander Alexandrovich (born 1983) - Ukrainian football player, striker of the Vorskla football club.
• Kozlov, Alexander Andreevich (1880-1940) - one of the main architects of the old Yekaterinodar and Salsk; student of F. O. Shekhtel.
• Matushevsky, Fyodor Pavlovich (1869-1919) - public figure, publicist, literary critic, critic.
• Medinsky, Vladimir Rostislavovich (born 1970) - Russian statesman and politician, publicist and writer. Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation since May 21, 2012.
• Senator, Vasily Trofimovich (1921-1944) - Soviet military pilot, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1943).
• Tyczynski, Jerzy (1907-2003), Polish actor.
• Schlifer, Shloyme Mikhelevich (1889-1957) - Chief Rabbi of Moscow since 1943.
• Stern, Grigory Mikhailovich (1900-1941) - a famous Soviet military figure.

• Velichko, Maxim Konstantinovich (1922-1997) - Hero of Socialist Labor and full Cavalier of the Order of Glory.
• Lubomirsky, Frantisek Xavier (1747-1819) - the head of the Polish family of the Lubomirskys, the headman of Setsekhovsky, the general of the Russian army.

twin cities

• newton,
• Danilov,
• Jonava, Notes
  1. The number of apparent population of Ukraine as of September 1, 2019. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2019. page 75
  2. Smela // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / ed. A. M. Prokhorova. 3rd ed. Volume 23. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1976.
  3. Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 / M. L. Dudarenko, Yu.
  4. Isaev A.V. From Dubno to Rostov: [fighting in the southwestern direction of the Soviet-German front in June-November 1941] - M .: AST; Transitbook, 2004. - (Military Historical Library). - 710 s. - ISBN 5-9578-0755-9, 5-17-022744-2.
  5. Section 5. P-S. // Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 / M. L. Dudarenko, Yu.
  6. All-Union Population Census of 1989 Number of urban population of the Union republics, their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex
  7. Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 343a dated January 15, 1995 "About "acts, which are foreseeing the obligatory privatization in 1995"
  8. Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 343b dated 15 May 1995 "About "acts, which are foreseeing the obligatory privatization in 1995"
  9. Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 538 dated April 20, 1995 "About the additional information about "acts, which are being applied for obligatory privatization in 1995"
  10. Decree to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 526 dated January 29, 1997 "About the full measure of the greater and vocational and technical initial mortgages"
  11. The number of apparent population of Ukraine as of September 1, 2013. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2013. page 106
  12. The remaining citric acid maker in Ukraine is being found // newspaper "Nova Doba" (Cherkassy) of October 23, 2015
  13. A Ukrainian city with 70 thousand inhabitants was left without heating due to debts to Naftogaz // Interfax, February 1, 2018
  14. Residents of Smela may block roads due to lack of heating // Interfax-Ukraine of November 12, 2018
  15. Smіlyansky tsukroviy plant declared bankrupt

  Links

  • Smela on the website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
  • Official website of the city (ukr.)
  • // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Tsibko Alexey Alexandrovich