The north of Udmurtia - the upper reaches of the Vyatka and Kama - began to be settled in the X-XIV centuries by the ancestors of the Udmurts, as well as other Finno-Ugric peoples, and then by the Russians, who came here in the 14-15 centuries. The Russians came from the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal and Galician principalities, the northern possessions of the Rostov princes, the Vologda and Dvina lands. Vyatka land became part of the Moscow principality in 1498. In the 16th century, population censuses were regularly conducted in Vyatka, so the names of the first Vyatichi are known - from service people to ordinary peasants.

Unfortunately, many documents on the population censuses of the Vyatka Territory have not been preserved, and these censuses were incomplete in terms of coverage of the territory, so the history of the creation of some settlements in the Cheptsa basin is not reflected anywhere, one can only make assumptions about their real age. There are no Krasnogorsk settlements in the 1615 census. The censuses of 1646 and 1678 were more thoroughly carried out, it was then that the villages of Bolshaya and Malaya Igra appeared in the list of settlements, which are considered the oldest settlements in the region. According to the materials of the second revision of 1744, Deby, Kurya, Bolshoy Seleg appear on the map (information is published on the website of the Administration of the President and the Government of Udmurtia).

In the 18th century, our region was divided along the Cheptsy and Kilmezi watershed between the Vyatka and Kazan provinces, then called counties. On the map of that time, published in the book "Handbook on the administrative-territorial division of Udmurtia" (Izhevsk, 1985), there are Kurya, Seleg, Porez, Mal.Polom, Valamaz, who ended up in the "Kazan" part of Udmurtia, and Deba - on Chepetsk, Vyatka side. Unfortunately, there are no documents on the population census in the Kurya side even in the well-known book by P.P. Luppov “Documents on the history of Udmurtia in the 15th-17th centuries”.

The administrative division of Russia in the 17th-19th centuries changed more than once. In 1841, volosts were created, which united several dozen villages that were relatively close to each other. Moreover, the center of the volost was not in the largest settlement, but in the one that was located approximately in the middle of the volost. For example, the 4th camp of the Glazovsky district included the Mukhinsky volost with the villages of Kurinsky, Vasilyevsky and Kokmansky plant; Ledentsovskaya (a village that does not exist now between Seleg and Uny) - the villages of Valamazskoye, Selezhskoye, Utinskoye. The 3rd camp included the Syurzinsky volost (now in the small village of Syurzyane) with the villages of Svyatogorsky, Debinsky, Arkhangelsky. In total, there were 42 volosts, 2747 villages in the county.

The most detailed list of the settlements of the current Krasnogorsk region, available in the middle of the 19th century, is in the "List of settlements of the Russian Empire according to the data of 1859-1873", which was first met by the founder of our museum, Vladimir Ivanovich Mogilev, who transferred extracts from the document to the regional archive. In the list, all settlements are given with indication of distances from Glazov and the names of the rivers on which they are located. There is also the population, in total it amounted to 13235 people - 6102 men and 7133 women. There are three villages on the list (Svyatogorskoye, Bolshaya Kurya, Valamaz - Selty), one factory (Kokmansky), eight villages (Tarakanovo, Deby, Big and Small Game, Ubytdur, Novo-Churino, Staroe Kychino and Malagurt), the rest are repairs. The status of villages had larger and older settlements. For example, in Malagurt (the former name was Serdeyabyk), 449 people lived in 49 households! It seems to me that this is even an older settlement than the Big and Small Game, it's just that the census takers did not find it at the time.

A fairly complete list of the then settlements can be found in church documents published in the book "Orthodox Churches of Udmurtia" - each parish was assigned its own villages and villages. In particular, the Alexander Nevsky Church in the village of Deby was treated in 1885: p. Debates, repairs: Silemsky, Above the key Venizhem, Up the Departure over Venizh, Kinmemsky, Top - Ubytsky, Guzhnoshursky, Top - Debinsky, Chumovaisky, Ubytsky Karaul, Stary Polkar, Tutuevsky, Alekseevsky. In these names, the current settlements of the Krasnogorsk and Yukamensky districts are guessed. In 1893, the villages were assigned to the Vasilyevsky Church. Vasilyevsky, the villages of Kosarginskaya, Ogorodnikovskaya, the repairs of Ardashevsky, Khlebnikovsky, Proninsky, Bogachevsky, Pesterinsky, Proninsky, Yamnovsky, Shekhrovsky, Vasilyevsky, Kiselevsky.

It is interesting that church documents in the archives have been preserved in full. So, according to the church of the village of Svyatogorsky, they have been since its opening in 1837! These are reports on the composition of the clergy, parish registers, etc. Unfortunately, local historians hardly studied these materials, although they could provide rich material on the composition of the population of Svyatogorsk villages, the birth rate, mortality at that time, and the clergy of our churches. For example, in one of the church reports for 1838 it is said that the following live in the Svyatogorsk parish: Orthodox - 723 men and 815 women, schismatics - 60 and 74, respectively, that is, a total of 1772 people. This is the smallest parish among forty Udmurt parishes in the Vyatka province. That is, the territory of the now main part of the district was then sparsely populated. The small number of schismatics (Old Believers) is also surprising. This means that they began to settle here a little later, in the middle of the 19th century. But for comparison, let's say that in the same year only 1185 people lived in the city of Glazov. However, there are other figures, according to which, in the same 1838, 3,433 people live in the Svyatogorsk parish - Orthodox Russians and Udmurts, as well as schismatics, of whom there were 762 people. Apparently, the point is the number of villages covered by the count.

However, already at the beginning of the 20th century, about 30 thousand people lived in settlements on the territory of the present Krasnogorsk region - three times more than now! During collectivization, 155 collective farms were created in the region, one for each village. Now there are less than seventy settlements in the region. This is how the administrative changes took place during the Soviet period.

In 1917-1919, the borders that existed in tsarist times changed only partially. For example, on September 8, 1918, the Selegovskaya volost was formed from the villages of Ledentsovskaya and Vasilyevskaya volosts.

On November 4, 1920, the Votskaya Autonomous Region was formed by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, and on January 5, 1921, its borders were approved. Glazovsky district included Valamazskaya (formed from a part of Ledentsovsky), Vasilyevsky, Svyatogorsk, Selegovskaya volosts. By a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of December 8, 1921, a new division was approved, according to which 19 out of 27 volosts remained in the Glazov district: this was explained by the need to reduce the staff of officials. Instead of all the "Krasnogorsk" volosts, only Svyatogorsk remained, and Vasilyevskaya, Selegovskaya, Valamazskaya moved to Selta district. On July 28, 1924, the Glazov district included Svyatogorskaya and Kurinskaya enlarged volosts, the latter consisting of the former Vasilyevsky and Selegovskaya volosts and transferred from the abolished Seltinsky district.

At this time in Kurinskaya the volost included 5 village councils, where in 1926 12565 people lived, only Russians:

1. Bolshepolomsky centered at with B. Paul. Settlements: the villages of Bukhma, Bushmeli, Zaimki, the agricultural artel "Zautinsky Eagle", Maly Polom, Mosenki, Pogudino, Popovnyata, Puga, Ryabinovtsy, Tarasenki, Usynyata, mills: Bolshepolomskaya, Bukhminskaya, Bushmelevskaya, Ryabinovskaya, Tarasenskaya, Myasnikov's farm, Pochinok Small Chuvashs .

2. Vasilievsky centered in this village. Settlements: the villages of Artyk, Kosargi, Kolotovtsy, Gardeners, Rozhki, Khlebniki, Chernyshi, Artykskaya, Demidovskaya, Klabukovskaya, Pesterinskaya, Chernyshevskaya mills, Pochinki Butyrsky, Vasiliev, Demidovtsy, Korovkintsy, Melnichenki, Pesteri, Pronintsy, Savastyanovtsy, Shohrovo, Yamnovo.

3. Kurinskaya centered in this village . Settlements: the villages of Batanikha, Bolshie Kotlyaki, Kurya, Malye Kotlyaki, Mukhino, Prozvon, Rai, Samushenki, Chumaki, Shashi and five mills where people lived.

4. Osipinsky with the center of this village. Settlements: the villages of Barany, Vozhgalitsy, Galitsy, Karkalay, Korobyata, Logovo (village and the village of the same name), Lukashinskaya, Mosintsy, Osipintsy, Polyantsy, Selifonovtsy, Sukhovtsy, Yudino, Kokmansky, factory, Kokmansky state farm, Korobovsky settlement, repairs of Suslopary and five mills .

5. Selegovsky centered in the village of the same name. Settlements: the villages of Votskoye Bolshoi, Gerasimovtsy, Dupyata, Ramentsy, Selifonovtsy, Seleg Bolshoi and Maly, Kharyushata, Chuvashs large, the village of Large Lukoshechnoye and the village of Lukoshechnoe Small, Alekseevskoye Agricultural Association, the Dry Key Agricultural Artel, Pervomayskaya Agricultural Artel, repairs of Afonintsy, Votskoye Small, Zharkye, Mokhovtsy, Sychi, the Dupin farm, the Krivtsov farm, four mills.

In 1925, the village councils were disaggregated. In the Artyk village council, the repair of Yamnovo and the farm of Artyk appeared additionally. The lists contain 23 mills where people lived. The villages of Anikintsy, Kiseli, Klabuki, and Smolniki were transferred from the Kurinskaya volost to Svyatogorskaya (although the last three were not on the 1924 list).

The volost was liquidated in 1929, when districts were created, while Bolshepolomsky, Kuryinsky, Selegovsky and Sychevsky village councils entered the Yukamensky district, the remaining four into Svyatogorsky.

Svyatogorsk parish was established on July 28, 1924 as part of five village councils, where, according to data for 1926, 17,193 people lived:

1. Otogurtsky centered in the village of the same name. It included Karaul Votsky and Karaul Russian, Zotovo, as well as villages that are now part of the Yukamensky and Glazovsky districts.
2. Prokhorovsky with the center in the village of Prokhorovo. Settlements: with. Arkhangelsk, the villages of Afenovtsy, Belyaevtsy, Burovtsy, Efremovtsy, Zahvataytsy, Kvaka, Krysovo, Lukashintsy, Nefedovtsy, Novobelyaevtsy, Novokachkashur, Novokulemintsy, Ordes, Cut, Ryabinovtsy, Samodelkino, Smolniki, Sozonovo, Shishi, repairs Baranovsky, Veretennikovsky.
3. Svyatogorsky centered in Svyatogorye. Settlements: the villages of Andreevskoe, Varovai Upper, Varovai Nizhniy, Zhuzhintsy, Big Game, Malaya Game, Kasatkino, Kotomka, Kulemino, Kychino Staroe, Ryabovo, Malagurt, Syurzyanskoye, Tarakanovo, Tura, Butorina farm, Kopysov farm, Urnek agricultural artel. The villages of Anikintsy, Klabuki, Kiseli, Smolniki were transferred from the Kurinskaya volost to Svyatogorskaya.
4. Shudessky with the center in the village of Keldysh. Settlements: the villages of Upper Bagyr, Lower Bagyr, Doshkopi, Isakovo, Kochino, Karaul Novy, Larionovo, Nikonovtsy, Novochurinskoye, Pershintsy, Potapovo, Rylovtsy, Ubytdur, Yunga.
5. Yagoshursky with the center in the village of Stary Kachkashur. Settlements: the villages of Verkh-Dasos, Elovo, Zasekovo, Zaubyt, Ivanovtsy, Kenovai, Kondrashonki, Mishintsy, Murza, Nikulinskaya, Novokychino, Nokhrintsy, Petrushintsy, Sillem, Tuktashevskaya, Chumovai, the village of Deby, repairs of Krysovo (Antipenki).

In 1925, the Svyatogorsk volost was divided into nine village councils: Arkhangelsky, Votsko-Karaulsky, Debinsky, Malagurtsky, Novochurinsky, Otogurtsky, Prokhorovsky, Svyatogorsky, Starokachkashursky. The volost was liquidated in 1929 due to the creation of districts.

Valamaz was formed after the construction of a glass factory in 1870, which on the maps was called the "Valamaz factory". Although even in the reference book on the administrative division of Udmurtia mentioned above, one can read that the village of Valamaz, where a church was opened in 1846 (there was never a church in our Valamaz), gradually turned into the village of "Valamaz Plant" - and these settlements are separated by 12 kilometers . By the way, in the Selty volost in 1924 there were Valamaz Podgorny, Valamaz Nagorny, Valamaz Maly, a farm and a settlement of Valamaz - it is not surprising to get confused. Before the revolution and in the first years of Soviet power, the village was part of the Glazovsky district, from 1921 to 1934 - in the Selta district and the Selta volost. In 1935 he became part of the Baryshnikovsky district. In economic terms, it was such a noticeable enterprise on the scale of Udmurtia that it was indicated on all maps, and sometimes it was considered a regional center, since Svyatogorskoye-Krasnogorskoye was absent on the maps of the USSR.

Svyatogorsky district It was founded 80 years ago - on July 15, 1929, from the village councils of Svyatogorsk and Kurinsk volosts, consisting of 13 village councils: Artyksky, Arkhangelsky, Vasilyevsky, Votsko-Karaulsky, Debinsky, Doshkopievsky, Malagurtsky, Osipinsky, Otogurtsky, Pesterinsky, Prokhorovsky, Svyatogorsky, Starokachkashursky. However, already on November 3, 1929, the Votsko-Karaul and Artyk village councils were abolished. Here is the description given by Svyatogoria when choosing a settlement for the yoros center in 1929: “The population is 173 people, of which 29 are Udmurts. The center of an enlarged volost. The nearest railway station in Balezino is 50 versts. The largest shopping center in Eros, there are 12 trading establishments with an annual turnover of about 160 thousand rubles. There are bazaars every week and three fairs a year. There is a postal and telegraph agency, a first-level school and a library, a hospital, a veterinary medical station, an agronomic and judicial section, and a forestry office. For comparison, 104 people lived in Yukamensky then, there were 13 trading establishments with an annual turnover of about 180 thousand people. In Glazov - 659 people.

On January 1, 1932, the district was liquidated, its village councils were transferred to the Yukamensky district, and Otogurtsky - to Glazovsky.

The district was restored on January 8, 1935, first as Svyatogorsk (population - 27,200 people), and from March 9, 1935 to 1938 - as Baryshnikovsky. On July 10, 1938, the regional center was renamed into Krasnogorsk, the district - into Krasnogorsk as part of 15 village councils and the village of Valamaz. By the way, no other district in Udmurtia was renamed. At the same time, the names of villages with a religious and national connotation were also corrected. The village of Rai became Dubrovo, Popovnyata - Podgornaya (1939). In 1940, Small Votskoye became Malinovka, Bolshoye Votskoye became Vinogradovo.

It was just before the war, or rather, during collectivization, that the process of disappearance of small settlements began. In 1941, the Alekseevsky settlement, the Ardes farm, the Nizhny Varavai settlement, the Myasnikovo farm, the Nikulenki repair, the Dry Key settlement were excluded from the register, in 1954 the Kholuy settlement was renamed Sosnovka. Since 1955, part of the village councils were united, ten of them and the village of Valamaz remained in the region.

In 1957, the village of Zaubyt, Isakovo was excluded from the register, in 1960 - cordons Kordon-Trace, Kotlov Omut, Mosintsy, Novochurinsky village council was abolished. In 1962, the villages of Kochish, Podgornoye, Yamnovo were deregistered.

On December 8, 1962, the Krasnogorsk district was again abolished during the Khrushchev administrative and economic reform, its territory was mainly transferred to the Balezinsky district, Selegovsky and Kurinsky village councils - to Glazovsky, Valamamaz and Kokman to the Igry industrial area. After this separation, not only the workers of the district committee and the executive committee, but also the police, the military registration and enlistment office and other organizations were forced to move with their families to Balezino. However, since January 1965, the district has been restored as part of 8 village councils and one village council.

At the same time, the results of the struggle against "unpromising" villages became visible, and the population decline after the Great Patriotic War, as well as the demographic and social processes of the post-war years, became clearly visible. For example, after the general introduction of passports, rural residents were able to freely leave their places for cities or other regions. A process began, which many publicists now call the tragedy of the countryside: the rural population began to rapidly decline, and settlements simply disappeared from the map. Look at this list, which resembles the inscriptions on grave monuments.

In 1967, the villages of Varavai and Pronintsy were excluded from the register, in 1969 - Afonintsy, Varavai, Kondrashenki, Afenovo, Porez, Malinovsky cordon, Yudinsky barrack, the village of Malye Kotlyaki and Pokrovka, in 1970 - Mosquitoes, Prozvon, Suslopary, Larionovo, Chemoshur , barrack Anisimov meadows, in 1975 - Jung, Kolotovo, Yudino, Khlebniki, Silem, Zhuzhintsy, Maly Polom, Krysovo, Krasny Poselok and Samodelkino, Vinogradovo and Dyupyat, Zautinsky Orel, Malinovka, Maly Seleg, Kharyushata. In 1976 - Mokhovtsy, May Day, Bolshoye Lukoshechnoye, Petrunino. In 1977 - Hot, Small Lukoshechnoe, Horns, Lair, Adopted. In 1978 - Veretennikovo, Ryabinovo, Korobyata, Bolshiye Kotlyaki, Zaimki, Mosyata; in 1979 - Pokrovka, Ryabinovtsy, Bushmeli; in 1984 - Gerasimovtsy, Murza, Novochurino, Pershino, Dry, Lupashino, Novoe Belyaevo; in 1986 - Kvaka, Nikonovo, Chumovai, Anikintsy, Doshkopi, Pesteri, Samushenki.

The names of these villages are now known only to older people. They don't say anything to the younger generation. Now a new trend has gained momentum: the settlements of the district are no longer decreasing in number, but in terms of population. As already mentioned, the population fell three times compared with the pre-war period. Young people are leaving Krasnogorsk villages and villages, there are more and more elderly people who are already too late to look for a better life on the side. It remains to be hoped that even with such a demographic situation, the Krasnogorsk region will continue to live.