Literature - the main classical school subject often chosen for the Unified State Examination. The exam in literature is changed every time to complicate the process of passing. Changes are also planned for 2018. Graduates need to prepare well to successfully pass the test. They must read the works school curriculum, will learn to correctly express their thoughts, remember the specifics of specialized KIMs.

Who Should Take the Literature Exam

USE 2018 in Literature is required for future students of linguistic, philological, ethnographic faculties. Other departments require the results of the Unified State Exam for:

• obtaining the specialty of a translator;
• teaching creative specialties - painting, theatrical art, vocals;
• film specialty training;
• teaching journalism and writing skills.

In the USE 2018, literature is chosen not only because of the specialty received by students. It all depends on the specific requirements. educational institution. The maximum possible result is possible when his choice is thought out in advance, voiced, and documented. Tracking news related this test, study all its subtleties. The essay demonstrates Creative skills applicant. They are developed in advance, by writing draft texts. In addition to the literary exam, the administration of the university may add other tests. Future producers pass mathematics, actors pass a creative competition. The exact requirements are obtained from the members of the examination committee, on the website of the university.

What changes are planned

The format of the exam in literature for the next year will change as a result of the improvement of KIMs. The latest decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science indicate that The unified state exam will become more difficult. The structure of current tickets excludes questions that have a short answer. The new format increases the number of tasks chosen by the graduate on their own. Now they compare the text with one work instead of two. Evaluation criteria have been significantly tightened. For a detailed answer, you need to use 50 words, the essay received a minimum of 200 words. Compliance with the rules of the Russian language is mandatory.

For tasks 9 and 16, changes in the USE in literature provide for the abolition of the justification of the example chosen for comparison. The final essay received the fourth theme. The criteria for grading tasks with a detailed answer have been revised, their numbers are 8, 9, 15, 16, 17. Other provisions of the USE in literature in 2018 do not differ from last year's graduation test.

Current demo version

Demo version posted online version of the exam 2018 in Literature. It was prepared by FIPI. Its task is to enable examinees to get acquainted with the type, structure, typology of exam forms, and the procedure for filling them out. The exam in literature in 2018 is divided into two parts. There are 17 tasks in total. They must be completed in 235 minutes. Exceeding the time limit is not allowed.

The final essay is submitted three times. Format - essay-statement, writing time 4 hours. The result is recorded as "pass" or "fail". The minimum passing score is 32 points, "excellent" will require 57 points. Preparing for USE graduates must understand that their answers are evaluated for the presence of their own thoughts, the depth of understanding of the problem raised. For the essay, the following are relevant: the sequence of presentation, logic, compliance with the norms of the Russian language.

• Download demo: ege-2018-lit-demo.pdf
• Download archive with specification and code: ege-2018-lit-demo.zip

The main areas of preparation for the exam

Preparation for the exam in this subject begins with the study of its current demo version. The goal is to understand the structure, form, logic of the test. You can download a demo on thematic sites dedicated to the Unified State Exam. Be sure to repeat what was studied during the entire period of study theoretical material. Tests for 2016-2017 are being passed, several essays are being written on standard examination topics. Special attention to reading the recommended literature. The list includes 145 works, each of them was used in the preparation of examination tasks. Difficult topics are worked out with a tutor. When a test is failed, the failed exam is retaken after 12 months. The test results are being appealed. The procedure is very complicated, unpleasant, lengthy. You should not fail, because time destroys the knowledge gained at school, so passing the exam will become even more difficult.

The general model of the Literature exam remains the same as in previous years:

• an excerpt from an epic, lyrical-epic or dramatic work included in the codifier and seven questions with short answers that test knowledge of basic literary terms (in relation to this work) and the realities of the text;
• two mini-essays on this work (5-10 sentences each) - one with an emphasis on the analysis of the given passage, the other - comparative, where the problems, topics and ideas raised by the author are considered in comparison with other works of similar problems;
• excerpt from lyrical work the whole poem and five questions on it (similar to the first block);
• two mini-essays - also for analysis and comparison;
• a detailed essay with a volume of 200 words or more on one of the proposed topics (at the choice of the examinee).

There is only one change here - in the last task, graduates will be offered a choice four themes.

Recall that earlier, to write a detailed essay on the exam in literature, it is proposed to choose one of three topics, one for each time period:

• from ancient Russian literature to the literature of the first half of the 19th century;
• second half of the 19th century;
• Russian literature of the XX century.

By 2018 chronological framework last period are expanding- it covers the period from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century, that is, the “newest” is now included there domestic literature, works that have seen the light of day in recent decades.

And, since there are three periods, and four topics for composition will be offered, two topics of a different nature will “fall out” on one of them. It is most likely that such "doubles" will most often refer to the last period - as in the demo prepared by FIPI, where three classic "program" themes on Griboedov, Tolstoy and Yesenin are supplemented by post-Soviet literature. However, this is not mandatory - in accordance with the specifications for the "double volume" exam, topics can be presented in any period.

Inclusion in themes for essays of post-Soviet literature does not mean that it becomes mandatory for graduates to read any specific authors who are not included in the school curriculum - the names of modern Russian writers did not appear in the codifier. And the topics devoted to the literature of the late XX-beginning of the XXI century will thus be presented with review options that allow the examiner to reveal a given topic on the material of a work (or works) of his own choice.

New USE assessment system in literature

Minimal changes to the exam model should not mislead students - dramatically new approach to assessment completely shifts the focus and requires a change in the approach to training.

Previously, the maximum primary score on the exam in literature was 42 points, distributed as follows:

• 12 points - for 12 questions with short answers;
• 16 points - for 4 short essays(4 for each);
• 14 points - for a "large" essay.

In 2018 number primary points for a perfectly done job, it will “jump” immediately by 15 - up to 47. In this case, the "specific weight" of tasks will change very unevenly:

• for questions with short answers it will still be possible to get 12 points (21% of the total points)
• mini-essays for text analysis will “cost” 5 points each - a total of 10 for both (17.5%);
• the assessment of the ability to immerse a literary work in context increases sharply - for each of the two comparative essays it will be possible to get 10 points, total - 20 (35%);
• for extended essay you can get up to 15 points (26%).

The increase in the number of primary points is good news for graduates who apply for admission to top universities and expect to pass the USE “to the maximum”. The results of the literature exam will become much more differentiated, and one or two mistakes made will no longer be so radically reflected in the positions in the ranking. Recall that for high-scorers, the loss of one primary score in literature meant the loss of 4-5 test points at once, while, for example, in Russian, the “cost of error” was significantly lower and amounted to 2-3 points.

However, the “triples” will have to tighten up. If earlier it was possible to pass the threshold in literature (corresponding to 9 primary points) by memorizing a small number of terms and limiting yourself to the part with short answers, now it will no longer be possible to do this.

Criteria for evaluating essays and detailed answers to the exam in literature-2018

In parallel with the change in the number of points the evaluation criteria are also changing- the scoring system (especially in comparative essays) has become more detailed and "transparent". In addition, the ability to write precisely correctly becomes much more significant - points "for speech" are now awarded in all tasks with detailed answers. Recommended length of mini essays remains the same - from 5 to 10 sentences, while if the graduate can formulate the answer more concisely (or vice versa - write a more detailed work), "going beyond" will not affect the assessment in any way - the main thing is the ability to give a direct and clear answer to the set question.

Mini Essays Testing Skill analyze a work or its passage (tasks 8 and 15) will be judged according to the following criteria:

• answer matching question- 1 point, at the same time, if according to this criterion the work receives a “failure”, it is not checked further;
• the argumentation of the judgments expressed and the involvement of the text of the work to reinforce them - up to 2 points;
• - up to 2 points.

"Costly" (and rather difficult to write) comparative essays (tasks 9-16) evaluated according to three criteria. At the same time, the first two are the main ones - if at least one of them gets zero points, the task is considered completely failed and is not evaluated. So:

• up to 4 points can bring adequate selection of two works for comparison(for getting maximum score it is necessary to choose works corresponding to the wording of the task, correctly indicate their titles and authorship);
• up to 4 points - the comparison itself (ideally, both selected works are convincingly compared with the source text in a given perspective, and the comparison is based on the text of the works);
• up to 2 points - absence of logical, factual and speech errors.

Detailed essay on literature (task No. 17)- the task that traditionally receives the most attention. Recommended amount of work - from 200 words(including pronouns, prepositions, particles and other auxiliary words). If the essay is less than 150 words, the work is not evaluated, even if the topic is disclosed. In addition, in order for points to be awarded, the work should correspond to the topic and reveal it. By the way, graduates often lose points for an essay due to an inattentive reading of the wording - for example, in 2017, in an essay that was supposed to be based on modern literature, many chose the works of Simonov and Bulgakov, thereby going beyond the specified period.

The essay on the exam in literature in 2018 will be evaluated according to the following criterion:

• relevance to the topic- 1 point (if the work is not on the topic or is empty - no points are awarded for other criteria);
• the reasoning of the judgments expressed and the involvement of the text of a literary work to confirm them, including the presence of references to specific episodes and characters - up to 2 points;
• use of the basic concepts of literary theory- up to 2 points, and in order to get the maximum score for this criterion, it is no longer enough just to use such words as “novel”, “conflict” or “hero” in the text - you need to isolate at least one artistic medium, which is fundamentally important for the development of the topic;
• compositional design essays, the proportionality of the parts relative to each other, the integrity of the work - up to 2 points;
• logical presentation - up to 2 points;
• absence in the text factual errors- up to 3 points;
• absence speech errors- up to 3 points.

Single State exam one of the most complex in literature. According to statistics, no more than 5% of students choose it. The thing is that the tasks are drawn up with the expectation of the program of specialized humanitarian classes and schools. Previously, before the introduction of the Unified State Examination, an exam in the form of an essay was mandatory and 2 grades were immediately given for it - in literature and the Russian language. Now, passing the unified state exam in literature is a rather difficult task for a graduate of an ordinary school, since the questions cover topics studied in specialized classes, and the structure of the ticket itself changes every year.

Most teachers are unanimous in their opinion that for successful passing the exam in literature in the 2017-2018 academic year, it’s not enough just to read all the works from the list of the school curriculum and be able to correctly express your thoughts. Required professional training, taking into account the specifics of current this moment KIMov.

In this article we will tell:

Having successfully passed the unified state exam in the Russian language, basic mathematics or profile level(depending on the requirements of the university) and literature, a graduate can choose different directions for himself.

In 2018, such a set of subjects will provide an opportunity to enter the vast majority of creative areas:

• faculty of journalism or military journalism. Journalism is the most popular humanitarian field with great job prospects. In most universities there is a huge competition for this specialty. In addition to literature, in most cases, a certificate in a foreign language will also be required;
• consistently high competition for a place and for universities that train translators (respectively, it is necessary to pass the Unified State Examination in a foreign language);
• linguistic and philological faculties;
• to universities that train translators (accordingly, passing the exam in a foreign language is required);
• faculty of journalism or military journalism (some universities also required a certificate in a foreign language);
• faculties teaching creative specialties: graphics, painting, sculpture, restoration, design, vocals, choreography, theater arts, etc. (an additional creative competition is mandatory in many universities);
• faculties that provide education as a producer, sound engineer, cinematographer (a certificate in mathematics of a specialized level is required).

It is worth deciding on the list of necessary items even before the start of 2017-2018 school year, having familiarized with the requirements for applicants of a particular faculty, which can be found on the official website of the corresponding higher educational institution.

All the changes that will be made in 2018, as well as the most up-to-date information about the Unified State Examination in Literature, can also always be found on our portal.

Changes in the exam in literature in 2018

As part of the improvement of KIMs, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed a radically new promising model of USE tickets in literature and, most likely, already in 2018, graduates will have to face a number of innovations:

1. Questions with a short answer are completely excluded from the tickets.
2. The number of tasks of the participant's choice has increased.
3. In tasks for comparison, it will be necessary to compare the text with only 1 work (previously there were 2).
4. Essays will be checked more carefully, and the verification criteria will be tightened.
5. The minimum length of a detailed answer is 50 words, and essays - 250 words (essays that are less than 200 words are rated at 0 points).

You can also learn about innovations in the Unified State Examination in Literature by watching a video interview with Dmitry Bak, professor at the Russian State University for the Humanities:

235 minutes are given to complete all tasks.

The minimum passing score is 32 points.

To get an “excellent” rating, you need to score more than 67 points.

When evaluating the essay, the members of the commission will rely on the following criteria:

1. Depth of understanding of the problem and the presence of their own thoughts. The content of the answers is the main thing. Correct spelling and punctuation do not affect the answer, but speech errors, violation of lexical norms, will take away points.
2. The level of theoretical and literary knowledge of the examinee.
3. Validity of the quoted excerpts from the works.
4. Logic and consistency of presentation.
5. Compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.

List of works for passing the exam in literature

One of the most pressing issues that concerns 11th graders is the list of works that need to be thoroughly studied in order to successful delivery Unified State Examination in Literature in 2018.

Indeed, the main difficulty of the exam is the need to possess a sufficiently large amount of information, because in USE codifier listed in the literature:

• over 150 poems;
• 11 novels;
• 9 poems;
• 6 plays;
• 4 stories;
• about 20 stories.

A complete list of works can be found in the "codifiers" section of the official USE website.

Preparation for the exam in literature

It is important to understand that high-quality preparation for the exam is not only about getting to know the meaning of various works, because in order to successfully pass the literature exam in 2018, you will need:

• deep understanding of the essence of the problems raised by different authors;
• possession of information about the portraits and characters of the characters;
• the ability to draw parallels between the plot of the work and the spiritual experiences of the author;
• the presence of one's own opinion and the ability to defend and justify it;
• knowledge of the history of literature.

That is why, read novels, novellas, poems, plays, stories and other literary works it is necessary in the original, and not according to criticism, but in the process of reading, pay attention to the little things and lead reader's diary, in which to write down the basic information that will be needed in preparing for the exam and writing essays.

1. Write as many practice essays as possible, building for yourself certain templates for various topics.
2. Create a card for each writer with key dates and important information.
3. Think about the problems of the works.
4. Do not be lazy to write out phrases that can be used in essays.
5. If something is very difficult to remember, use diagrams and sketches.

Codifier is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary for the successful completion of the final exam in literature. This guideline for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI so that we narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely come in handy at X-hour. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed for a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the analysis skill that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what they have read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that pass at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made the list. Therefore, the stage of preparation devoted to "rereading" will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature was passed quite recently and has not yet had time to forget. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-preparation.

It is worth noting that not the most difficult books were chosen for the exam. For example, Doctor Zhivago, which is not loved by everyone, is extremely rare in variants, since its study in the codifier of works is called “survey”, that is, there will be no full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov's prose, a student may prefer either The Master and Margarita or The White Guard. It is not necessary to read both novels, it is enough to choose a simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the exam in literature is very helpful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many verses, which also facilitates the preparation process. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, their systematic reading guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where it is necessary, by analogy, to select similar works and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write out your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: "Sea", Ballad "Svetlana"
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: "Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of the Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of the prophetic Oleg", "To the sea", "Nanny", "K ***" (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved you: still love, perhaps ...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “The daylight went out ...”, “Freedom sower desert …”, “Imitation of the Quran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years faded fun…”), “…I visited again…”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing Niva…”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish…”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life…”), “And boring and sad”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ...”), “Prophet”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone on the road…". The poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at five o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let the changeable fashion speak to us ...”), “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia".
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing …”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".
6. A.A. Block: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spread. Flowing, sad lazily…” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo field”), “On the railroad”, “I enter dark temples…”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory…” , "Oh, I want to live insanely ...". Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Jubilee”, “Happy”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...”, “Now we are leaving a little ...”, “Letter to mother”, “Feeding is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. Cap on the back of the head…”, “Low house with blue shutters…”
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time ... ”,“ Books in red binding ”,“ Grandmother ”,“ Seven hills - like seven bells! .. ”(from the cycle“ Poems about Moscow ”)
10. O.E. Mandelstam: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “She squeezed her hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic rati…”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Primorsky sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the land…”, “Poems about St. Petersburg ”, “Courage”. Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: February. Get ink and cry! ..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to reach everything ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night” (“It is snowy, snowy all over the earth ...”), “There will be no one in the house ... ”, “It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “To love others is a heavy cross ...”, “Pine trees”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”.
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
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