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| Workers 'and peasants' red army suit. Military uniform of the Soviet red army photo. Supreme command staff |
On September 11, 1935, the Resolution of the Central Election Commission and the Council of People's Commissars was adopted the USSR"On the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and on the approval of the regulations on the passage of service by the commanding and commanding personnel of the Red Army", and by orders of the People's Commissar of the NKO of the USSR No. 176 (1935), No. 33 (1936), No. 167 and 260 (1937), No. 045 (1938) were installed and introduced insignia of the command, commanding and rank-and-file personnel of the air forces of the Red Army. Aviation, as a separate branch of the army, was assigned blue collar tabs with black piping, the command staff was entitled to a gold piping. Supreme command staff
Senior command staff
Average command staff
Junior command staff
Rank and file
Buttonhole sizes:
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 2, 1935 N 2590 "On the uniform and insignia of the command, commanding and rank-and-file personnel
Secondly: an open jacket, which previously served as a "weekend suit". now (complete with trousers-breeches) has been approved as the main form of clothing. At the same time, the wearing of an open jacket with trousers outside and chrome boots was kept out of order.
The trousers for the Air Force command staff were sewn from dark blue woolen fabric, uniform with the material of the jacket, with edging made of blue instrument cloth.
Thirdly: a large piping was introduced on the collar and cuffs of the tunic, as well as on the outer side seam of the breeches.
The dark blue color became the main color for the uniform of the Air Force command personnel, however, the khaki color was also agreed - for the cap (replaced by dark blue) and the summer tunic.
The materials for the winter helmet of the command staff of the Red Army Air Force, model 1938, were dark blue merino cloth and blue instrument cloth (for the star).
From the description of the overcoat of the commander of the Red Army Air Force, approved on December 25, 1939 by the brigade commander F.G. Tarmosin:
- SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR THE TEAM AND LEADERSHIP OF THE RED ARMY: Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 dated February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, buttonholes are sewn in a khaki color with insignia. The tunic has a chest strap with a three-button closure and two chest pockets with flaps on one button. The sleeves have two-button cuffs. The buttons of the tunic are metal of the established pattern. - SHAROVARS OF THE COMMAND AND LEADERSHIP OF THE RED ARMY: Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 dated February 1, 1941. The harem pants of the existing design without edging. Summer trousers are made of khaki cotton fabric, and winter trousers are made of semi-woolen fabric of the same color. Harem pants consist of two front and two back halves, have two side welt pockets and one back pocket, at the back there is a belt tightener and at the bottom of the strap. The harem pants are fastened with five buttons and one hook. - SHIRTS OF THE PRINCIPAL AND JUNIOR LEADERSHIP OF THE RKKA: Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 190 dated July 19, 1929. Summer shirt of the 1928 model for the ground and air forces of the Red Army. The shirt is made of cotton fabric (tunic), dark khaki, with a turn-down collar, fastened in the middle with one metal hook and having buttonholes at the ends, in the form of a parallelogram, the color of the army assigned; on the buttonholes there are position insignia and the established encryption. The shirt is fastened with three buttons, parallel to which there are two patch pockets on the chest, covered with flaps fastened with one button. The sleeves end with cuffs fastened with two buttons, and at the place where they are sewn to the cuffs, the sleeves have two folds, which are 7 - 8 cm from one another. Letrubakhi are made in six heights. Cloth shirt RKKA arr. 1928 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army. The shirt is made of khaki-colored cloth of merino or coarse wool with a stand-up collar, fastened in the middle with two metal hooks and has buttonholes at the ends, in the form of a parallelogram, with sides 8 cm X 3.5 cm of the color assigned to the army; on the buttonholes there are position insignia and the established encryption. The shirt is fastened with three buttons, parallel to which there are two patch pockets on the chest, covered with flaps fastened with one button. The sleeves end with double-button cuffs. Note. Buttons on the shirt must be metal, oxidized, small size with a star, the sample established by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR in 1924 No. 992. Summer shirt with elbow pads, model 1931 for all branches of the military. Lethubakha [type A] is made of a khaki-colored tunic (cotton) diagonal with two patch chest pockets, covered with flaps, with a turn-down collar, fastened with one uniform button, and sleeves with cuffs. The waist of the shirt is sewn from the sides and at the shoulders from two parts: front and back. The front of the waist from the neck to the bottom of the pockets has a slit covered with slats. The planks are located in the middle of the mill and are fastened with one button per loop of a piece of fabric sewn from the inside of the upper placket. The upper ends of the straps at the collar itself are fastened with one small shaped button sewn at the top of the lower strap on the through cross loop of the upper strap. The collar has no hooks and, under certain conditions, provided for by wearing the form, it can be opened with the top button unbuttoned. The cuff sewing sleeves have two folds. There are overhead elbow pads on the back of the sleeves over the elbow seam. On both sides of the collar, edged buttonholes are sewn in the color of the cloth assigned to the army. Buttonholes have the form of a parallelogram with a finished length of 8 cm and a width of 3.25 cm, including the edging. The cross ends of the buttonholes should be parallel to the bevel of the front ends of the collar. On the collar tabs there are installed metal insignia for positions and badges in accordance with the established encryption. […] Basically, a type B summer shirt [...] differs from a type A summer shirt in that a type B summer shirt has an elongated bar in all heights by 4 cm; hook and loop for fastening the collar and three loop-through loops on the top bar […]. Three small general army buttons are sewn onto the lower bar in the places corresponding to the loops. A hook is sewn into the right end of the collar, and a loop is sewn into the left end. Woolen shirt with slit pockets, model 1931 for all types of troops. The woolen shirt consists of the following parts: the front part, in the middle has a bar fastened with three through loops on three metal buttons with a Red Army star, a back, a stand-up collar fastened in the middle with two metal hooks, two chest pocket flaps fastened to the Red Army shirt with a button, sleeves without folds at the bottom with cuffs, fastened with two loops on two Red Army buttons. Flaps welt inner pockets. Canceled by order of the USSR People's Commissar of Defense No. 25 dated January 15, 1943. The entire composition of the Red Army should switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943. Allow the wearing of the existing uniform with new insignia until the next issue of uniforms in accordance with the current terms and supply standards.
№1 - Private in gymnastics. 1941; №2 - Private in gymnastics. 1942; №3 №4 -St. a lieutenant in a tunic with everyday insignia; №5 -Officer in a tunic with field insignia; №6 -Illustration of an officer's gymnast from 1940-43 Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1943-1945.- GYMNASTERS: A new type of gymnasts was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 25 dated January 15, 1943. They represented the same tunic of the existing model with the following changes: The collars of the tunics of all models instead of the turn-down ones are standing, soft, fastened with through loops in the front with two small shaped buttons. The top placket is located in the middle and fastens with three small shaped buttons with through loops. Shoulder straps of the established pattern are fastened on the shoulders. Sleeve insignia(officer's sleeve triangles) are canceled for tunics. Gymnastics of the commanding staff, instead of patch pockets, have welt (internal) pockets covered with valves. Without elbow pads. Uniforms for privates and sergeants - no pockets. With elbow pads - (). On August 5, 1944, welt chest pockets were introduced on the tunics of women of the enlisted and non-commissioned officers. On September 16, 1944, sergeants and Red Army men were also officially allowed to have breast welt pockets, but only if they received an officer's uniform that was unfit to wear after putting it in order. Throughout 1943, one could come across old-style gymnasts with a turn-down collar, which were allowed to wear until new uniforms were issued.
№1 - Private in soldier's gymnastics (left private in officer's shirt) 1944; №2 -Two sergeants. On the left - in a soldier's gymnast, on the right - in an officer's; №3 -Illustration of soldier gymnasts arr. 1943; №4 -Soviet and American officers during a meeting on the Elbe; №5 -Sergeant in an officer's tunic; №6 -Illustration of officer's gymnasts arr. 1943 g. - DRESS JACKET: Senior and middle command and command personnel of all branches of the military The uniform is single-breasted, with a detachable bodice, fastens with the left side with five large buttons. The collar is rigid, upright, fastened with two or three hooks and loops. Piping trims the top and ends of the collar. On the collar of the uniform, at an equal distance from its upper and lower edges and 1 cm from the ends, buttonholes (without edging) are sewn from instrument cloth (color according to the type of troops) 8.2 cm long and 2.7 cm wide. the established form has one or two strips embroidered with gold or silver thread, intertwined with silver or gold thread: strips 5.4 cm long and 6.5 mm wide with a gap between them 0.5-1 mm. The sleeves of the uniform are double-hemmed, with straight stitching cuffs, edged at the top and ends. On the cuffs of the sleeves, in accordance with the established form, there are two or one vertical buttonholes (columns) embroidered with gold or silver. Leaves are sewn on the back toe, at the ends of which one large button is sewn. Edging along the edge of the left side, collar, leaflet and cuffs, color - according to the type of troops. All buttons are shaped, brass. The color of the edging for infantry, quartermaster and military-legal services is crimson, for artillery, auto-armored forces, medical and veterinary services - red, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue, and for engineering troops - black. The color of the buttonholes for infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery and armored vehicles - black, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue, for medical and veterinary services - dark green and for engineering troops - black. The color of sewing on buttonholes for the quartermaster, military-legal, medical and veterinary services is silver, for everyone else it is gold. Attached shoulder straps of the established pattern.
№1 -Lieutenant-artilleryman in ceremonial uniform; №2 - Servicemen of the 150th Idritskaya SD against the background of their assault flag, erected on May 1, 1945 over the Reichstag building in Berlin (Victory Banner). In the photo, participants in the storming of the Reichstag, seeing off the flag to Moscow from the Berlin Tempelhof airfield on June 20, 1945 (left to right): Captain K.Ya. Samsonov, junior sergeant M.V. Kantaria, Sergeant M.A. Egorov, senior sergeant M.Ya. Soyanov, captain S.A. Neustroev (06/20/1945); №3 -Illustration of the ceremonial uniform arr. 1943 g. Literature / Documents:
"The uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945" is the fruit of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiasts: artists, collectors, researchers, who give their all free time and funds in tribute to one common idea for them. Recreating the realities of the era that bothers their hearts gives them the opportunity to get closer to a truthful perception of the "central event of the 20th century" - World War II, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life... The decades of deliberate distortion of the historical truth about this war, experienced by our people, not only deprived us, descendants, of a reliable and complete idea of the uniform and material provision of the Red Army, but also managed to sow erroneous stereotypes in the minds of generations. The created photo reconstructions will be useful not only for specialists and collectors, but also for domestic filmmakers, writers, politicians, as well as military costume reenactors. Description of the uniform of the Red Army 1918-1936In December 1917, shortly after the victory October revolution and the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat in Russia, at the so-called congress on the demobilization of the old army, it was decided to start forming units of the new socialist army. The decree on the organization of the Red Army was issued by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on January 15, 1918. The formation system provided for the assignment of volunteers from the servicemen of the old army to separate units, the creation of units from volunteers who did not serve in the old army, as well as the use of Red Guard units. During this initial period, the Soviet government was unable to create a regular army and provide it economically in conditions of private industry, private trade, sabotage of employees and the disorganization of the state apparatus. Units of the volunteer Red Army were few and unstable, staffed with elective commanders who did not have any insignia, in terms of uniforms, they were marked by a variety of outerwear and hats due to the winter period. The most common items were (installed in May 1912 and consisted of supplying the rank and file of the old army) hats made of artificial astrakhan fur and cloth single-breasted greatcoats. By May 1918, a decisive transition to a regular Red Army was defined: a military-administrative apparatus, a system of general military training were created, the principle of voluntary recruitment and the election of command personnel were abolished. Large-scale formation of regiments and divisions began. The introduction of the first distinctive sign showing belonging to the Red Army dates back to the same time. On May 7, 1918, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (RVSR), it was established Chest sign a Red Army soldier and commander of the Red Army in the form of a wreath of laurel and oak branches, on top of which a red five-pointed star with the emblem "plow and hammer" was attached. On the same day, by order people's commissar in military affairs, a competition was announced for the best uniform. In fact, there were so many stocks of clothing items left over from the old army that until the beginning of 1919, the procurement of uniforms was practically not carried out. The task of the supplying authorities was only to register and deliver supplies. But, nevertheless, in the conditions of the unfolding Civil War, it was necessary to somehow emphasize the belonging of the personnel to the Red Army and their official position. The first such items were approved on December 18, 1918 winter headdress, later called "Budennovka", distinctive insignia of command personnel in the form of triangles, squares and rhombuses for wearing on the left sleeve, as well as sleeve insignia in the form of emblems of the main branches of the armed forces. The badge-cockade to the headdress in the form of a five-pointed star with a plow and a hammer was installed by order of the People's Commissar for Military Affairs on July 29, 1918. 1919 is characterized by the beginning of the defense industry. Unlike the old army, the system of using contractors was destroyed, which, however, did not lead to the centralization of clothing supplies, since everywhere the suppliers were actively using local resources. On April 8, 1919, the first samples of uniforms were installed: a new headdress, infantry and cavalry overcoats-caftans and summer shirt. All types of clothing were sewn buttonholes and chest valves made of cloth in color according to the type of troops, as well as sleeve insignia... Until the end of the Civil War, new uniforms were used along with the various uniforms of the old army, free-cut items and civilian clothing. The new Red Army star for the headdress - summer and winter helmet - approved on June 11, 1922, had a stamped image of a crossed hammer and sickle in the middle. For all the special organs of the GPU - OGPU in June 1923 was established dress Red army cavalry model with insignia of a special color, as well as wide trousers and a winter headdress in dark blue. The internal, border troops and special forces (CHON) also relied on the Red Army uniform with its own colors of buttonholes, breast flaps and a cloth star on the headdress. The transition to combat training in peacetime, begun in 1923-1924. provided for a significant reduction in the costly maintenance of cadre units of the Red Army with a partial replacement of their formations, completing on a territorial basis. At the same time, it was considered necessary to reduce the cost of production military clothing, making it more practical and eliminating unnecessary differences in the Red Army uniform, which have lost their meaning with the end of the Civil War. On May 13, 1924, instead of the impractical summer headdress of the 1922 model, summer cap made of khaki cotton. Then on May 30 was introduced summer shirt-tunic of a new design without colored chest flaps with two patch chest pockets. Later, in June-July 1924, all the main items of uniform were changed and new ones were introduced. insignia . The official position of a soldier in accordance with the assigned category was henceforth determined by metal insignia: triangles, squares, rectangles (since 1925), rhombuses covered with red enamel and placed on buttonholes... The set of color schemes for buttonholes of various branches of the armed forces was reduced to a minimum, the number of signs in specialties - emblems, was reduced, and sleeve insignia were canceled. Differences between the uniforms of the Red Army and the commanders were not initially envisaged, but already on August 4, 1924, in connection with the transition to strengthening one-man command, significant differences were introduced in the cut of the jacket for the command, administrative, economic and political personnel Red army... Immediately after this, on August 8, 1924, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR approved dark blue uniforms for the air force and the sleeve insignia of military pilots and military aeronautics. The form of the organs and troops of the OGPU in 1924 underwent similar changes. In addition, by the beginning of 1925, only two variants of buttonholes - maroon and light green - were retained for the OGPU, and two samples of colored cloth caps corresponding to them were introduced. In 1926, in the Red Army, one hundred percent provision of military personnel with clothing was achieved in accordance with all norms and timesheets. This made it possible to establish clear rules for wearing uniforms, which were announced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR on February 26, 1926. According to these rules, dress It was subdivided according to the time of use - into summer and winter, according to the purpose - into everyday, sentry and marching (the difference was determined only by the staffing of weapons and equipment). Mixing military uniforms with informal clothing was prohibited, the wearing of insignia, awards and badges was regulated. In order to increase the service life of the summer headdress and improve its appearance on February 4, 1928 for all branches of the military Red army, in addition to the cavalry, a cloth was installed cap khaki instead of cotton. For cavalry and horse artillery, cloths were introduced a year earlier. caps special colors assigned to each shelf. Colored cavalry caps lasted almost three years before they were completely replaced by a cap of a uniform color pattern, introduced on January 12, 1929. By the beginning of the 30s. in the USSR, great strides were made in the standardization of products ordered from industry. The department of clothing supply of the Red Army periodically approved detailed technical conditions for new items of uniform and equipment. On November 18, 1932, taking into account new types and norms of clothing supply, new "Rules for wearing uniforms by servicemen of the Red Army" were issued, which were in effect until 1936. The increased importance of armored forces and aviation, changes in their organization and the rapid saturation of new equipment demanded increased attention to the cadres of these types of troops. On April 10, 1934, a meeting at the People's Commissar for military and naval affairs approved a new uniform for the commanding staff - aviators and tankmen - to be worn from January 1, 1935. The new uniform included a colored cap with a "square" fiber visor, an open jacket and trousers with piping, as well as a double-breasted overcoat. For the armored forces, the uniforms had a steel color and red edging, for the air forces - dark blue and light blue edging. By the end of 1935, the final transition to the creation of armed forces, entirely based on the personnel principle, was ripe. On September 22, 1935, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, instead of outdated official categories, established personal military ranks for the command personnel of the Red Army, after which a general certification was carried out within two months. In connection with these events, a big change of uniform was prepared. On December 3, 1935, the People's Commissar of Defense signed an order on the introduction of new uniforms and insignia for all personnel of the Red Army. Insignia and the uniform itself with its distinctive details as a whole constituted a strictly verified system that allows one to accurately determine the belonging of a soldier to the branch of the army or service, as well as to a certain composition within the branch of the military. The military ranks reflecting the specialty corresponded to the ranks of the command personnel and were grouped as follows: military-political composition, military-technical, military-legal, military-economic and administrative, military-medical and military-veterinary. The command, military-political, military-technical and military-legal personnel wore uniforms of various types of troops, and the command personnel of the quartermaster, military medical and military veterinary services, regardless of the type of troops, were supposed to have a uniform uniform with the emblems of the corresponding service. The servicemen of the commanding staff were distinguished by the edging of the buttonholes made of gilded galloon and the sleeve insignia - the squares corresponding to the assigned rank. Highest military rank - marshal Soviet Union - provided for special differences: large stars, embroidered with gilded tinsel on diamond-shaped buttonholes edged with gilded gimp, the same stars on the sleeves and arm squares-chevrons made of wide gilded galloon; band caps , buttonholes and the edging is red. The system of personal military ranks provided for special ranks for military political workers. "Political instructors" (up to a level equal to the title " captain"), And the (older)" commissars "- on all types of clothing had the sleeve insignia of the political staff - red five-pointed stars with an image of a hammer and sickle embroidered with a gilded thread. According to the rules for wearing a uniform, published on December 17, 1936, political workers of all branches of the military (except for students of military academies) were not supposed to wear the emblems of the branches of the military on their buttonholes. This emphasized the independence from the unit commanders, to whom the political workers were officially equated in rights on May 10, 1937, just as it was before 1925. When in July - August 1940, during the period of consolidation of unity of command, the commissars moved to the posts of deputy commanders for political affairs, all political workers were obliged not only to wear lapel badges a kind of troops, but also to master the corresponding military specialty. The military-technical staff - "military technicians" and "military engineers" - did not have sleeve insignia (with the exception of the technical sign Air force) and wore a uniform and buttonholes of all types of troops, standing out only with an emblem in the form of a crossed hammer and a French key. From January to September 1942, engineers of all branches of the armed forces were gradually awarded command ranks with the prefixes technician - ("technician-lieutenant") and engineer - ("engineer-colonel"), as well as all the distinctions of the command staff - sleeve insignia and gold edging buttonholes. The ranks of intendants were held by the command personnel of all branches of the armed forces, who carried out economic and administrative tasks. The personnel of the quartermaster service relied on their own uniform of the general army sample of a khaki color with a red edging without sleeve insignia, with a band caps and buttonholes in dark green. The distinctive emblem depicted a wheel with a superimposed French key, compass and helmet. In 1942, with the introduction of the usual ranks, a uniform was established for the economic and administrative staff of each branch of the military, which was the same as for the command staff of this branch, and commanding insignia with an emblem on the lapels in the form of a hammer and sickle with a superimposed red star. The medical and veterinary staff of the Red Army bore the titles of "military assistant" ("military medical assistant") and "military doctor" ("military medical officer") of various levels. Dress differed from the lapel logo set for the quartermasters in the form of a bowl entwined with a snake. The golden emblem denoted the medical service, the silvery one the veterinary. According to the "Regulations on clothing and transport supplies of the Red Army in peacetime", approved on May 27, 1936, the main set of uniforms laid down by the standards for a commander and a Red Army soldier consisted of caps with a colored band according to the type of troops (for enlisted personnel - with a top made of cotton fabric), garrison caps, winter helmet, a woolen tunic or jacket (for command personnel), a cotton tunic, woolen and cotton trousers and an overcoat. In addition, the rules for wearing a uniform, approved on December 17, 1936, in winter period it was allowed to wear felt boots or felt boots, short fur coats, bekesha, hat-finca, leather coat or a jacket, as well as a comforter. All general army uniforms were of the same color - khaki and gray, the exception was auto armored troops all items of uniform of which were steel-colored, and air Force, where the command personnel were supposed to have dark blue uniforms (except for summer ones), and the rank and file personnel - the usual general army. On April 20, 1936, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR issued a decree "On lifting the restrictions on service in the Red Army from the Cossacks." Following this, on April 23, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, a description of a special uniform for Terek, Kuban and Don Cossack units was announced. Cossack uniforms stood out sharply by the cut of their items, as well as by the colors that made it possible to distinguish between the "military" affiliation. For commanding officers, rank-and-file and long-term servicemen, uniforms differed in materials and finishes. Fur kubankas and hats were used as headdresses for ceremonial uniforms and in winter. Photos of the uniform of the red army 1918-1936
Description of the uniform of the Red Army 1936-43
Noticeable differences from the army received a uniform clothes the chief of staff of the organs and troops of the NKVD of the USSR, introduced on December 27, 1935.This was preceded by the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on September 10, 1935, according to which all organizations, institutions and individuals were prohibited from wearing uniforms and insignia similar or similar to the Red Army. However, the situation soon changed, and already on July 15, 1937, by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, the same uniform was introduced for the entire personnel of the NKVD as in the Red Army with minor differences in the cut of some items. An unusual uniform was introduced on October 27, 1936 for the full-time command, teaching staff and students of the newly formed General Staff Academy. The main features of this form were black velvet collar of a jacket, tunics and overcoats, white edging and stripes on trousers. Using the fact that for buttonholes, band caps and stripes were set to "infantry" crimson color, those who preferred to save sewing money wore ordinary breeches for infantry command personnel with crimson edging and without stripes with a tunic. This striking uniform was canceled on May 22, 1940, shortly before the introduction of uniforms for the generals of the Red Army. Based on the results of the assessment of military operations against Finland (December 1939 - March 1940), a number of decisions were made to reorganize the military command and control system in order to ensure a clear one-man command. As one of the measures to strengthen the authority of command personnel, on May 7, 1940, general ranks were established for the senior command personnel of the Red Army, and on July 13, 1940, a general's uniform and insignia . Similar to the form of pre-revolutionary Russian generals turned out to be: closed tunic colors khaki with chest welt pockets, trousers with stripes, papakha and a fringed overcoat with "heraldic" buttons. The cut of the single-breasted ceremonial uniform was borrowed from the German army. In addition to the above, the generals of the Red Army were entitled to a cap (ceremonial and everyday) with a round gilded cockade, a ceremonial overcoat and White cotton tunic . The main insignia placed on rhomboid buttonholes edged with gilded thread. The ranks of combined arms generals (red buttonholes) were designated by gilded metal stars, and the ranks of generals of artillery and tank forces (black buttonholes), as well as aviation (blue buttonholes), signal troops, engineering troops, technical troops and quartermaster service (crimson buttonholes), in addition, also a gilded emblem of the corresponding type of troops. Marshals of the Soviet Union with a general's uniform were entitled to red buttonholes decorated with gold-embroidered stars in a hammer and sickle ornament with crossed laurel branches, gold-embroidered sleeves (also with laurel branches) and large armbands. While the top commanding staff were preparing to try on a new general's uniform, the insignia middle and senior command personnel. On July 26, 1940, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, their new description was announced. The gold edging of the buttonholes of commanders, from junior lieutenant to colonel, was now carried out with gilded gimp, and the sleeve insignia of the command staff acquired a brighter appearance: the squares of the new sample differed in the number and width of gold braids with gaps and edging of red cloth. No less serious attention was paid to raising the level of responsibility and raising the authority of the junior command level. On November 2, 1940, the People's Commissar of Defense signed an order establishing military ranks for privates and junior command personnel and approved the "Regulations on the passage of service by junior command personnel", which enshrined strict conditions for obtaining corporal and sergeant ranks and contained a detailed description of new insignia. The buttonholes of the junior command staff of the new model, the wearing of which was supposed to begin on January 1, 1941, were equipped with a narrow red gap in the middle and a triangle of yellow metal in the upper corner. On the buttonholes for foremen, in addition, a narrow gilded braid was sewn parallel to the edging. The enamel triangles, which previously corresponded to the positions of junior commanders, served as signs denoting ranks, starting with "junior sergeant". By the beginning of 1941, there was a serious need to reduce the variety of uniforms for the Red Army and, most importantly, to revise the norms of clothing supply for servicemen. In this regard, it was decided to introduce uniforms for the supply of personnel, not only uniform in color and pattern for all types of troops, but also universal for drawing up forms that are different in purpose and time of use. Many items were to be canceled - such as open french jackets. Air force and armored troops, Cossack uniforms, which made up the prestige of their combat arms, but made it difficult to supply and maneuver reserves. To solve this problem, it was required to significantly improve the entered form, without advertising all the changes made. The corresponding order of the People's Commissar of Defense, issued on February 1, 1941, was classified as "top secret." Of all its contents, only the transition to a single color of uniforms, the introduction of new, more popular fabrics and the gradual introduction of beautiful ceremonial-weekend uniforms on the supply of combat units were made public. The supply standards for commanding officers and rank-and-file personnel established for peacetime and wartime were not subject to publication. According to these norms, the unpretentious uniforms, which were to be accumulated by the beginning of the mobilization deployment of the army, consisted of: garrison caps colors khaki(in winter - hat with ear flaps sample 1940), tunic with wide trousers color khaki(for the rank and file in winter and summer - only a cotton tunic) and a single-breasted dark gray overcoat with hooks. For the winter period, in addition, there were provided: a sheepskin coat or wadded jacket with a quilted jacket (nachstavu - fur vest), wadded trousers, fur gloves and felt boots . Photos of the Red Army uniforms 1936-1943
Source: A. Shalito, I. Savchenkov, N. Roginsky, K. Tsyplenkov - A uniform Red Army 1918-1945 " Ask a Question Show all reviews 0Read also Insignia of the Red Army, 1917-24 1. Patch of the infantry, 1920-24 2. Armband of the Red Guard, 1917 3. Patch of Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Breastplate of the Red Army, 1918-22. 5. Patch of the Republic convoy guard, 1922-23. 6. Patch of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Patch of armored parts of the Eastern Front, 1918-19. 8. Commander's sleeve patch Afganka is a slang term used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel Armed Forces USSR, and later the Armed Forces Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The field was later used as a daily routine due to the poor supply of military uniforms of the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy, the marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the Navy Air Force, in the initial period used in SAVO and OKSVA The name From the hero to the frunzevka In publicism, there is a version that the budenovka was developed back in the First world war in such helmets, the Russians were supposedly supposed to go through the victory parade in Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But according to the documents, the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is well traced. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revolutionary Military Council of the republic approved a sample of a winter headdress - a helmet, Military uniform For the Soviet army, uniforms and equipment for soldiers of the Soviet army, formerly called the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Army, as well as the Rules for wearing them in the period from 1918 to 1991, established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Article 1. The right to wear military uniforms have military personnel who are on active military service in the Soviet Army and the Navy, Suvorovites,
Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, lost their protective value by the 18th century due to the massive proliferation of firearms. By the period Napoleonic Wars in European armies, they were used mainly in heavy cavalry as protective equipment. Throughout the 19th century, military hats protected their wearers from cold, heat, or rain at best. Returning steel helmets to service, or As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army that remained from the previous regime. The period of the formation of the Red Army. First insignia. Thus, all the soldiers of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for the soldiers of the Red Army. In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was the highest rank of Generalissimo. However, during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, this title was not awarded to a single person, except for Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The proletarian people themselves asked for the highest military rank to be awarded to this person for all their services to the Motherland. This happened after unconditional surrender fascist Germany in the 45th year. Soon that the working people asked for such an honor PILOT Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 176 of December 3, 1935. A pilot's cap is made of woolen fabric, which is similar to a jacket's jacket. The color of the cap for the command personnel of the air forces is blue, for the command personnel of the auto-armored forces it is steel, for all the others it is khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of the main fabric. In front Oleg Volkov, senior lieutenant in reserve, former commander of the T-55 tank, gunner of the 1st class gun. We have been waiting for her for so long. Three long years. They waited from the very minute when they changed their civilian clothes for soldiers' uniforms. All this time she came to us in dreams, in between exercises, shooting at ranges, studying materiel, outfits, drill and other numerous army duties. We are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Ukrainians, INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND MAINTAINING THE UNIFIED OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA CHOICE STAFF, order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 183 1932 1. General Provisions 1 INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND MAINTAINING THE UNIFORM COMMISSIONING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA CHAIRS OF THE RKKA RVS Order 183 1932 1. General Provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the RKKA arrives for supply of a single size, designed for the greatest growth of command personnel and overcoats and warm overalls leather uniforms, fur clothes with waist and shoulder belts of three sizes 1 heights, namely 1 Equipment The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages according to various epochal events. As a rule, changes in the political life of the state lead to a number of cardinal changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Before the beginning of this period, there was The era, which is a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, marked itself with numerous changes in the life of the once the former Empire... The reorganization of virtually all structures of peaceful and military activity turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, we know from the course of history that immediately after the revolution, Russia was engulfed in a bloody civil war, which did not go without intervention. It is hard to imagine that the original ranks Winter uniforms of the Red Army 1940-1945 Overcoat Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Hidden clasp with five hooks. Split welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. The fold ends in a slot at the back. The strap fastens to the posts with two buttons. The overcoat for the command and command staff was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943 The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the Red Army, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of the Second World War, oddly enough, was met in military uniform of the 1925 model.The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. The old official ranks were partially retained for the military-political, military-technical. The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government, otherwise the order was copied from the rules of army insignia tsarist Russia... The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were subsequently replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures triangles, squares, rhombuses under the star, Insignia of servicemen of the Red Army according to the ranks of 1935-40. The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 22, 1935, personal military ranks are established for all servicemen, which are strictly correlated with the positions they hold. Each position corresponds to a certain title. A soldier may have a rank lower than that defined for this position, or appropriate. But he cannot receive Official insignia of servicemen of the Red Army 1919-1921 With the coming of the RCP b to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, relying on Karl Marx's thesis about replacing the regular army with general armament of the working people, took an active part in eliminating the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars On the Elective Beginning and Organization of Power in the Army and On Equalization in the Rights of All Servicemen, all military ranks The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. Wearing a naval uniform of a naval uniform is mandatory for servicemen of the armed forces of the state and other formations where it is provided military service... In the Russian armed forces, there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the everyday name Afghan woman was the first to receive parts and units located in the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1988, in 1988, Order 250 of the USSR Ministry of Defense of 03/04/88 introduced the wearing of full dress uniforms by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a tunic in a green shirt. From left to right GENERAL INTENDANT DEPARTMENT OF THE RKKA INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FITTING, ASSEMBLING AND WEARING OUTDOOR ACCESSORIES OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER WARRIORS NKO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Equipment types and composition set III. Fitting the Rig IV. Laying equipment V. Making a greatcoat roll VI. Assembling Equipment VII. The procedure for putting on equipment VIII. Instructions for using the equipment IX. Continuity and innovation in modern military heraldry The first official military heraldic sign is the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, established on January 27, 1997 by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation, in the form of a golden two-headed eagle with outstretched wings, holding a sword in its paws, as the most common symbol of the armed defense of the Fatherland. and a wreath is a symbol of special importance, significance and honor of military labor. This emblem was created to indicate ownership Considering all the stages of the creation of the armed forces of Russia, it is necessary to deeply immerse oneself in history, and even though during the time of the principalities there is no talk of Russian empire and even more so about the regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the XIII century, Russia was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection from outside encroachments. Unified army The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all the symbols of units and formations of the Airborne Forces. This sign is not only an expression of a soldier's belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne This attribute of military equipment has earned a worthy place among others, due to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The very name of the helmet comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term means a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by the military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners, Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet ground Army. If only not green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some shifts took place, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. one. Summer uniforms of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR THE TEAM AND LEADERSHIP OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, buttonholes are sewn in a khaki color with insignia. The gymnast has a chest strap with a clasp Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage coats and capes of spotted color spots in the form of amoebas and received the unspoken name amoeba of four colors summer, spring-autumn, desert and mountainous areas. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more massively produced. Even during the Second World War, the Marines were horrifying German soldiers... Since then, the latter have been assigned the second name black death or black devils, indicating the inevitable reprisal against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black pea jacket. Only one thing is known for certain if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion's share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered the symbol of the Marine Corps Patches of the USSR Navy staff Information presented on this page, order numbers, etc. , based on materials from the book by Stepanov Alexander Borisovich Patch of the Armed Forces of the USSR. 1920-91 I Patch of anti-tank artillery units ORDER OF THE PEOPLE'S DEFENSE COMMISSIONER OF THE USSR dated July 1, 1942 0528 Order for the Naval Forces Rab.-Cross. Red Army 52 of April 16, 1934 Specialists of private and junior command personnel, in addition to sleeve insignia, also wear specialty insignia embroidered on black cloth. The diameter of the round signs is 10.5 cm. The circumference of the signs is embroidered with gold thread or yellow silk for conscripts in specialties for conscripts, and red thread for conscripts. The design of the sign is embroidered with red thread. June 3, 1946 in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by I.V. Stalin, Airborne troops were decommissioned Air force and are directly subordinate to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. The sleeve insignia is visible on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank. The decree was prescribed to the chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces together with commander of the airborne forces prepare proposals
Soviet mountain rifle gunners in ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Building on the considerable combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War The Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Main Directorate for Combat Training of the Ground Forces of the Red Army took up a radical solution to the issues of providing the Soviet infantry with the latest weapons and equipment. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing the combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer they wore half boots, they were also boots and boots, in the cold winter they were given felt boots. The highest command personnel in the winter could wear burka winter boots. The choice of footwear depended on the rank of the serviceman; the officers always relied on boots and on the position they held. Before the war, there were many improvements and changes in the field From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniform and insignia of the ground forces of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a uniform of the 1935 model. Around the same time, they acquired their usual to us the appearance of the soldiers of the Wehrmacht. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or to ensure the safety of VIPs without these unpretentious-looking armor. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from entering the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate In 1943, the Red Army adopted a new uniform. The new tunic was very similar to the one used in the tsarist army and had a stand-up collar fastened with two buttons. The main hallmark new uniforms became shoulder straps. There were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Field shoulder straps were made of khaki fabric. On the shoulder straps near the button, they wore a small gold or silver badge, denoting the type of troops. The officers wore a cap with a black leather chin strap. The color of the band of the cap depended on the type of troops. In winter, the generals and colonels of the Red Army had to wear hats, and the rest of the officers received ordinary earflaps. And now more thoroughly: Back in the summer months of 1941, preparations were launched to provide the personnel of the Red Army with warm clothes for the winter. The main warm things, first of all, fur coats and felt boots, were sought in various pre-war warehouses, collected as an aid to the army from the population, and were produced at an accelerated pace by industry with tolerances in the direction of simplification and reduction in cost. As a result, the active army was completely satisfied with warm things. Which led to some variety in color and cut of the form in the winter of 1941/1942. Air Force pilot 1943-45, senior sergeant, Don cavalry units 1943
By the way, the German industry could not provide its army with winter uniforms, and it is not necessary to say that the blitzkrieg, assumed the capture of Moscow before winter, it was already clear in the fall that it didn’t smell like blitzkrieg. And the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German quartermasters were underworked, therefore, during the winter hostilities, the Wehrmacht's losses from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses. The composition of the rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the military, instead of an overcoat, began to be given a double-breasted wadded jacket. The great stress with the provision of clothing was due to the decline in the output of light industry, some of whose enterprises had not yet established production in the evacuation, and those who remained in the field were experiencing difficulties with raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue whose uniform or whose tanks and aircraft are the best, and so on, the answer is simple. Transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time. It has no analogues in history, just in such volumes and over such distances, no one has ever transferred the industry, and is unlikely to transfer it in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear officials need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to a war footing only in 1943, and before that, only 25% went to military needs of the total. For the same reason, the project prepared for May 1942 on the introduction of new insignia was postponed, which was supposed to provide the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942.
Pilot of naval aviation 1943-45, tankman winter uniform 1942-44yy And only in 1943, the order of January 15, People's Commissar for Defense I. Stalin No. 25 "On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army" introduced new insignia, The military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1943-1945, and here is the change order itself. I ORDER: Establish the wearing of shoulder straps: FIELD - by servicemen in the Active Army and personnel of units prepared for sending to the front, EVERYDAY - by servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing full dress clothes. The entire composition of the Red Army should switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943. Make changes to the uniform of the Red Army personnel according to the description. Introduce the "Rules for wearing uniforms by personnel of the Red Army". Allow the wearing of the existing uniform with new insignia until the next issue of the uniform, in accordance with the current terms and norms of supply. Unit commanders and chiefs of garrisons strictly monitor the observance of uniforms and the correct wearing of new insignia. People's Commissar of Defense I. STALIN. And how many small changes and nuances that followed, with the introduction of a new form, let us take, for example, gymnastics. For the gymnasts of the existing model, the following changes are introduced: The collars of the tunics of all models instead of the turn-down ones - standing, soft, fastened with through loops in the front on two shaped buttons of a small size. Shoulder straps of the established pattern are fastened on the shoulders. The sleeve insignia of the tunic are canceled.
Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45.
Infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war. M1940 helmet olive green, 1943 tunic has a stand-up collar, no chest pockets, on the left the medal for "Defense of Stalingrad" was instituted on December 22, 1942. The difference in shade between the elements of clothing is not significant; Manufacturing tolerances and a large number of manufacturing facilities have resulted in a wide range of khaki, or as it is called, a security color. A flask with water of glass design, bags for F-1 and PPSh-41 grenades with a drum magazine. On the back there is a simple cotton backpack or duffel bag. Lieutenant. The cap has a crimson edging, like the cuffs of the shirt. Gymnast from 1943 with flap inside pockets, still wears blue breeches. With two teeth, the belt buckle was carried in 1943, in a Tokarev or TT holster, behind the belt a rocket launcher.
Red Army. Standard field infantry uniform 1943
Gymnastics of the commanding staff, instead of patch pockets, have welt (internal) pockets covered with valves. Uniforms for privates and sergeants - no pockets. On August 5, 1944, welt chest pockets were introduced on the tunics of women of the enlisted and non-commissioned officers.
Red Army, medical staff uniform 1943
Most of the medical staff were women. Navy blue berets and skirts have been part of the dress uniform for the Red Army since the pre-war days, khakis were assigned in May and August 1942, but most women wore standard male uniforms, or wore mixed clothing that was more comfortable. 76 women were awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union", many of them posthumously. From September 16, 1944, sergeants and Red Army soldiers were also officially allowed to have breast welt pockets, but only if they received an unwearable officer's uniform after putting it in order.
Major General Land Forces 1943-44.
Combinations of forms from different time periods were quite common during the war. A 1935 gymnast with a folding collar, but epaulettes are sewn on, With hand-embroidered khaki lace weaves and silver stars. Khaki cap - widely used by all officers in the second half of the war. This type of commander's bag is supplied under Lend-Lease. Military uniform of the Soviet red army 1943-1945 Camouflage clothing.
Camouflage clothing, Red Army 1943-1945
A large number of different colors of camouflage were produced during the war, and were used mainly by snipers, scouts, and mountain troops. Camouflages are loose-fitting to be worn over any combination of uniform and equipment, with large hoods to cover the helmet. From left to right. The most common camouflage is two-piece, but there were also one-piece overalls. The colors are varied, brown, black or dark green on a pale olive green background. Further, the simplest form of camouflage: garlands of grass, wrapping the body, equipment and weapons to break up the image of their visual structure. The next one. Towards the end of the war, an alternative type of suit was produced - although not in the same quantities. It was olive green, with large quantity small loops all over the surface to which the tufts of grass were attached. And the last type of robe was used by the troops during the Winter War with Finland in 1939-40. and much more widely during the Great Patriotic War. Some photos from that time show that some overalls were reversible, but it is not clear when this was introduced or how widely it was used.
Scout of the Red Army, 1944-45
This camouflage suit, produced during the Great Patriotic War, first appeared in 1944, and it seems that it was not very widespread. The complexity of the pattern: a paler background, a sawtooth pattern of the "seaweed" type and interspersed with large brown spots to destroy the image. The scout is armed with a PPS-43 submachine gun, the best submachine gun of the Second World War, the German MP-40 was not lying around. PPS-43 is lighter and cheaper than PPSh-41, which to some extent began to be replaced by the latter during the last two years of the war. The box magazine was much more convenient and simpler than the complex round PPSh drum. Three spare magazines in a simple flap bag with wooden buttons. 1940 model knife, 1940 model helmet; lace-up lend-lease boots.
Junior lieutenant rifle units, winter uniform, 1944
A fur coat or sheepskin coat was a popular item of winter clothing, produced in both civilian and military versions. Depending on the length, it was used both in the infantry and in mechanized units.
Captain of the border troops of the NKVD, ceremonial uniform of 1945.
Officer's dress jacket, double-breasted, fitted skirt. It was introduced in 1943. The version of the border troops differed from other troops of the NKVD, only in green edging and the color of the crown of the cap, the color of the collar buttonholes and cuffs. On the chest "Order of the Red Banner", established in August 1924; medals "For Military Merit" and "For Victory over Germany". The cap has a cockade in gilded metal, a hand-embroidered V-badge. Blue piping at collar and cuffs. On the chest there is a medal for "For the Defense of Moscow", established on May 1, 1944.
Lieutenant General, full dress uniform 1945.
The parade uniform was worn by marshals and generals, commanders of fronts and formations who took part in the parade in honor of the victory over Germany in Moscow on June 24, 1945. The uniform, introduced in 1943, was not issued until the end of the war.
Sergeant. Ceremonial uniform of 1945.
A uniform with a standing collar with buttonholes, flaps in the back skirt, scarlet piping on the collar, cuffs and pocket flaps. The uniform was sewn to each according to individual measurements, more than 250 ceremonial generals' uniforms of a new model were sewn, and in total, in the factories, workshops and ateliers of the capital, more than 10 thousand sets of various uniforms for the parade participants were produced in three weeks. In the hands of the standard of the German infantry battalion. On the right side of the chest of the Order of the "Red Star" and "Patriotic War", above the sign "Guard". On the left chest there is a Gold Star "Hero of the Soviet Union", and a block of awards. At the parade, all the fronts and fleets were represented by the participants, the participants must be awarded orders and medals. That is, real selected front-line soldiers took part in the parade. After passing with the banners and standards of Germany lowered, they were burned along with the platform, and the gloves carrying the banners and standards were also burned. In February 1946, the people's commissariats of defense and the navy were merged and transformed into a single ministry of the armed forces of the USSR, and the armed forces themselves acquired new names: "Soviet army" and "naval forces". Since 1946, in fact, work begins on new samples of the form. You can also order WWII shoulder straps. The uniform of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a collection of items of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, was sharply different from all analogues that existed in the pre-war years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the abolition of the class division of citizens and civil (and then military) ranks, declared by the Soviet government in November 1917. The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army of the new state of workers and peasants they were creating, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of some over others. Therefore, following the military ranks and titles, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, shoulder straps, orders and medals - was canceled. In the appeals, only titles by position have been preserved. Initially, two forms of address were allowed: citizen and comrade (citizen, battalion commander, comrade platoon commander, etc.), but soon the generally accepted form of address became “comrade”. During the formation of the first units and formations of the Red Army, the stocks of uniforms stored in the warehouses of the Russian army demobilized in 1918 were widely used. Therefore, the Red Army men and commanders were dressed in the military shirts of the 1912 model, approved by Tsar Nicholas II, of a khaki color, wide trousers of the same color tucked into boots or windings with boots, as well as caps. From the Russian military and those created during civil war white armies, they differed only in the absence of shoulder straps, a badge and a red star on the band of the cap. To develop new uniforms for the Red Army, on April 25, 1918, a special commission was established, which already in December of the same year submitted for approval to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (the Revolutionary Military Council is the body that guided the military construction and combat activities of the Red Army during the Civil War) new type headdress - the famous "budenovka", distinctive insignia for command personnel and distinctive insignia of the main branches of the armed forces They were approved on January 16, 1919 and became a kind of starting point for a rather long process of creating a uniform that was used during the Great Patriotic War. The diameter of the sleeve stars of the Marshal of the Soviet Union and the General of the Army together with the edging was 54 mm. The sleeve star of the Marshal of the Soviet Union and general generals had an edging of red cloth 2 mm wide, the sleeve star for the rest of the generals had an edging in color according to the type of troops (crimson, blue or red), 2 mm wide. The diameter of the sleeve star, including the edging, was 44 mm. The chevron of the general of the army was a single square made of gold lace 32 mm wide, and in the upper part it was made of red cloth 10 mm wide. The generals of the combat arms were supposed to have one square made of gold braid 32 mm wide, below - a 3 mm wide edging according to the type of troops.
The commanding officers' chevrons, which looked very impressive, were canceled shortly before the start of the Great Patriotic War, and with its beginning in the active army and marching units, the insignia were replaced by field ones: for all branches of the military, it was established to wear buttonholes of a khaki color with insignia painted in a khaki color. The wearing of commissar stars on the sleeves of political workers was also canceled. A radical change in the system of insignia occurred on January 15, 1943, when, in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 6, 1943, People's Commissar of Defense I.V. Stalin issued an order "On the introduction of new insignia for the personnel of the Red Army." In accordance with this order, new insignia were introduced - shoulder straps. In its shape, the shoulder straps of the Red Army were similar to the shoulder straps adopted in the Russian army until 1917. They were a strip with parallel long sides, the lower end of the shoulder strap was rectangular, and the upper end was cut at an obtuse angle. In the shoulder straps of marshals and generals, the top of the obtuse corner is cut parallel to the lower edge. Servicemen in the active army and personnel of units prepared for sending to the front were to wear field shoulder straps, and servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army - everyday shoulder straps. Both field and everyday shoulder straps were edged along the edges (except for the bottom edge) with colored cloth edging. According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of troops (service), insignia (asterisks, gaps, stripes) and emblems were placed on the shoulder straps, and stencils indicating the names of the military unit were also placed on the everyday shoulder straps of junior command personnel, rank-and-file personnel and cadets of military schools. (connections). Field and everyday shoulder straps of generals and all infantry personnel - without emblems, in other types of troops - with emblems. For the Marshals of the Soviet Union and generals, the shoulder strap was made of a special braid weaving: for field shoulder straps - from khaki silk, for everyday ones - from gold drag.
With the introduction of shoulder straps, the functions of the buttonholes were mainly reduced to the designation of the military affiliation of the servicemen of the Red Army, while the placement of buttonholes on tunics and tunics was generally canceled. On the collar of the uniform of the senior and middle command personnel, there were longitudinal buttonholes made of instrument cloth without edging. The finished buttonholes were 82 mm long and 27 mm wide. Buttonhole color - by type of troops: infantry - crimson; artillery - black; armored troops - black; aviation - blue; cavalry - light blue; engineering and technical troops - black; quartermaster service - crimson; medical and veterinary services - dark green; the military-legal structure is crimson. On the buttonholes of the senior command staff there are two longitudinal stripes, sewn with gold thread, intertwined with silver thread. On the buttonholes of the middle command staff - one strip.
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Front-line soldier Lance-corporal 1 in a uniform of the 1943 model. The insignia from the buttonholes were transferred to the shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. Around the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in the troops in massive quantities. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on a waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, the sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. A detailed analysis of the history of stripes and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the material Voenpro. The introduction of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbols. Distinctive insignia of the sleeve type are used to identify servicemen of certain branches of the armed forces. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend
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