Mars never ceases to amaze researchers, throwing them more and more new riddles. Now a pyramid has been discovered on the planet.

Modern technologies allow the development of such a science as Internet ufology or Internet archeology. Looking through new images of the Red Planet using the worldwide accessible Google Mars program, British virtual ufologist Joe White stumbled upon something unusual. The photo clearly showed a crater, at the bottom of which there was a dome, and not far from the discovered recess, the silhouette of a pyramid was clearly visible. The researcher immediately hurried to talk about the discovery in social networks. The man is sure that the buildings on Mars were created by the hands of intelligent beings.

It turned out that the virtual explorer William Benton had already written about the pyramid on Mars, so the object is named after the discoverer. An amateur of Martian photographs was able to calculate the height of the dome at the bottom of the crater, it was 15 meters. However, Benton went further and saw, near the domed structure, the outlines of pipes rising from the bowels of the planet. The ufologist also suggested that the height of the pyramid bearing his name is 150 meters.

A few months earlier, virtual explorers of the mysteries of the Red Planet reported that they had discovered a pyramid on Phobos, a moon of Mars. The building, discovered by ufologist Scott Waring, was called the "Monolith". The height of the satellite pyramid is 76 meters. Researchers are sure that the pyramid of Phobos was also built by an unknown, possibly extinct, civilization. Former NASA astronaut Buzz Aldrin agrees with him, who has openly stated more than once that the two planets contain many more mysteries than is commonly believed. Some experts suggest that the "Monolith" is a disguised base of alien creatures and the American space agency is trying its best to hide this, carefully "editing" the images of Mars and Phobos.

In June of this year, ufologists reported that a pyramid had been found on the moon. Fans of "space sensations" carefully studied the data and found that the structure on the surface of the earth's satellite casts a long shadow. This fact led the discoverers to the idea that the lunar object has an impressive size and height. It is noted that the pyramid is also very similar to the buildings in the Egyptian city of Giza. Immediately there was an assumption that the find could be the ancient base of the lunar civilization, which was wiped off the face of the planet by one of the asteroids.

A few years ago, a pyramid was also discovered on the tiny planet Ceres. The dwarf space object is located between Jupiter and Mars in the asteroid belt of our solar system. Photos of the unknown structure were taken using the Dawn apparatus. The pyramid rises in the middle of a relatively flat, lifeless landscape. Subsequent images of Ceres told scientists that the planet's surface had previously experienced violent activity, as evidenced by traces of landslides and natural destruction.

Pyramids have long excited the minds of scientists on our planet. There are several theories that these structures served ancient civilizations as a kind of portal to other worlds, and possibly to other planets. The grandiose temples-tombs convince some experts that the Earth was previously visited by aliens and the pyramids, this is precisely their idea. Note that the pyramids are not only on the surface of our planet, but also in the depths of the ocean. The fact that huge pyramidal structures have recently been found on other planets of the solar system only convinces the adherents of this theory that this is really the work of extraterrestrial civilizations.

Confused scientists and other Martian finds. NASA recently sent astronomers a new picture of a face that lies on the surface of the planet. Computer data processing confirmed the artificial origin of education. At some distance from the find, experts saw pyramidal structures. Their dilapidated outlines testified that they had previously been part of some gigantic object that has not survived to this day.

Please virtual ufologists and maps of Google Space, which recently showed the construction of an unknown settlement on the surface of the Red Planet. The captured Martian base is located in one of the craters of the equatorial part of the planet. Cosmic scientists argue who can own this object, and whether it is inhabited. Ufologists even saw solar panels in the photo. They argue that NASA is not in vain accused of hiding and falsifying space data about Mars. The base can belong both to aliens, and to be a development, unknown to the public, of earthly special services.

The Internet is replete with pictures of Mars, which show UFOs, glittering moving objects, buildings disappearing and appearing. What is worth only an extensive network of tunnels going under the surface of the planet, in which the movement of shiny spheres is periodically observed. Photos of craters that either open or close baffle ufologists.

A month earlier, an American space agency discovered a hatch on the surface of the planet. This fact revived the talk that Mars is inhabited, and civilization inhabits its underground parts.

Mankind has been dreaming of Mars, it seems, since ancient times. And now we are working on how to make a manned flight there. However, conspiracy theorists and just crazy people are already ready to tell you that humanity has been on Mars for a long time.

These crazy but very interesting stories will remain stories. At least until we finally set foot on the surface of the Red Planet. In the meantime, let's look at the 10 most interesting theories related to our space neighbor.

When the European Space Agency spoke out in favor of the hypothesis of a cavity in the Martian moon Phobos, this assumption was quite consistent with the discoveries of the Soviet astrophysicist Iosif Shklovsky, which he made in the 1960s.

Shklovsky not only believed that Phobos was hollow, he was also interested in its unusual orbit. The scientist even at some point suggested that this satellite could be of artificial origin.

Many years later, this theory again captured the minds of many ufologists, alien hunters, and even supporters of paleocontact (people who believe that intelligent beings of extraterrestrial origin visited the Earth in the past).

One of the theories that was born on this wave suggests that Phobos was deliberately placed in such an orbit and is actually some kind of ancient space station, perhaps once used as a starting point for a space mission or as a kind of device. emergency warning of collision with other space objects, for example, asteroids.

According to a more common idea, the internal emptiness of Phobos may indicate that there is water or other liquid inside the satellite. According to another assumption, the satellite of Mars was formed from large fragments of asteroids, and the void inside formed naturally. In other words, Phobos is more of an ordinary dense pile of rocks than some disguised "Death Star".

It should be noted that many space probes were launched to Phobos, but in some strange way they all encountered various system failures and failed, which ultimately, of course, led to mission failures. For some people, these events are not accidental. Such people believe that all these events prove the artificial nature of the satellite, which still remains active and unfriendly to intruders.

Sphinx and pyramids of Mars

It turns out that a “sphinx” was discovered on Mars, next to which there is a pyramid.

Despite the fact that most researchers and experts agree that the pyramids are just mountains formed naturally, some people believe that such smooth and clear lines, as well as the size of these structures, make them structures (then there are artificially created structures)!

The possibility that these objects are volcanoes is also unlikely, since astronomers have studied the Red Planet quite well and can say with certainty that the only volcanic region of Mars is located in a place called the province of Tharsis, which is 3200 kilometers from those pyramids that were discovered in a place called Kydonia. God does not create straight lines, say proponents of the Martian pyramid and sphinx theories.

Suppose there really is a sphinx and pyramids on Mars. Do they have anything in common with the sphinx in Egypt and the pyramids in Giza? As you might have guessed, there are those who believe in it. Such people claim that Cairo, the capital of Egypt, is al Qahira in Arabic, which in turn translates as "The Victorious One" or, more interestingly, "the place of Mars." Some also claim that the Sphinx at Giza was once painted red.

And as a final "evidence" they cite the fact that an increased number of stones are observed in front of the alleged pyramids on Mars. Are these stones natural objects? Or are they part of some collapsed structure of an ancient civilization?

Some people, after studying pictures of the Kydonia region, claim that they not only noticed the presence of a third pyramid, but also note that the location of these three pyramids correlates with the location of the pyramids in Giza. NASA says that because some of the images turned out to be too blurry, some people begin to experience pareidolia - to see objects that are actually nothing in reality, but are only random outlines and shapes.

Project Red Sun: secret manned mission to Mars

According to a story that first surfaced in 2011, there was a secret mission in the 1970s to set up a Martian base.

Following the Apollo 17 mission, the last manned mission to the Moon, NASA began conducting secret space missions that were not publicly reported. One such mission was the Red Sun Project, an unprecedented joint venture between the United States and the Soviet Union to begin the colonization of Mars.

According to this story, the first group of cosmonauts and astronauts arrived on the Red Planet at the end of 1971 and was reconnaissance. The second mission began in August 1973 with the launch of the ISV Columbus carrying two American astronauts (Commander Elliot See and pilot William Routledge) and Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Ilyushin.

Shortly after this story appeared on YouTube, a video of an alleged NASA training flight of the Red Sun program appeared on YouTube. Of course, a dispute about the authenticity of the film immediately broke out. Most people agreed that this is a “duck”, although, to be honest, it is of very high quality.

This story was published by the Italian UFO hunter Luca Scantambulo, and his informant was Routledge, the pilot of the Red Sun mission. Routledge also spoke about several other top-secret projects, including one that found an alien base on the moon. Routledge later issued a brief statement:

“It was I who leaked the leak. What will NASA and USAF do now? An attempt to block its publication or sue me would be direct proof of its truth. Now they can say whatever they want, whether it's a hoax or a fake."

NASA employee saw humans on Mars in 1979

In 2014, a woman who identified herself simply as Jackie called on the American radio show Coast To Coast AM and claimed that people had visited Mars in 1979 and, more interestingly, she had witnessed the event.

Jackie stated that at the time she worked for NASA and her main job was to receive telemetry from spacecraft. While on duty, she saw two people walking on Mars through NASA's live feed. The woman claims that both of them were wearing spacesuits, but not quite as obese as you would expect to see on an ordinary astronaut. According to Jackie, people were walking along the horizon in the direction of the Viking rover.

Jackie swore that 6 other NASA employees witnessed this event with her. When these people tried to quickly inform everyone else about what they saw and leave the room, they found that the front door was locked, and paper was hung over the window of the door so that no one else could look into or enter it.

Of course, so far, none of these 6 alleged "employees" have contacted Jackie to confirm her words with her.

According to Gilbert Levin, there is hidden life on Mars

American engineer Gilbert Lewin is best known for his book Complexity Analysis of the Viking Labeled Release Experiments, in which he believes he proved that there was life on Mars in 1976.

The book tells about the experiment, called "Labeled Release", which was carried out using the first Viking rover. Levine says that using methods that have been accepted and approved by the NASA aerospace agency, the experiment showed the presence of organic life in Martian soil samples taken shortly after the rover landed.

However, two other experiments conducted at the same time did not match the results of the first, and therefore the Labeled Release experiment was not taken seriously and was subsequently forgotten.

While reluctant to fully agree with Levin, Chris McKay, of NASA's Ames Research Center, once stated that it's possible that NASA's other two tests may have been wrong. He noted that the control study was conducted in Chile's Atacama desert.

It used exactly the same equipment that was used on the rover, but it did not show any organic molecules, even though the Atakama soil is known to contain organic life.

The Panspermia Theory: We All Came From Mars

In 2013, two different and very prominent scientists unexpectedly "approved" the controversial theory of panspermia, according to which life on Earth did not appear, but arrived from another place (in this case from Mars) in the form of molecular forms riding an asteroid, which populated these molecules our planet.

Both scientists - one of them Steve Benner, who deals with the nature of life, and the other - Christopher Adcock, the lead author of the study under review - agreed that all this is very, very likely.

The theory of panspermia itself dates back to the 5th century BC, when the ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras made reference to it, although not in such detail as it appears now. She survived many centuries and reached our days. When asteroids found containing organic molecules hit Earth in 1984 and 1996, the panspermia theory regained popularity.

Most modern scientists now agree that Mars was once, billions of years ago, an entirely different planet. It had a dense atmosphere and oceans of liquid water. And perhaps, given all this, this planet could support life. Only sending manned missions to the Red Planet will be able to provide irrefutable evidence or disprove this theory.

martian nuclear war

In 2014, plasma particle physics professor John Brandenburg stated that Mars has experienced at least two large nuclear explosions in its history. As proof of his theory, Brandenburg referred to the presence of a large concentration of xenon-129 in the atmosphere, as well as an increased concentration of uranium and thorium in the soil of the planet. Moreover, unlike other scientists, Brandenburg does not believe that these explosions could have happened in any natural way.

Three years earlier, in 2011, Brandenburg stated that the regions of Cydonia and Utopia on Mars have all the signs of an advanced ancient humanoid civilization, and this is most clearly seen in those places where various cataclysms once occurred. And although Brandenburg initially stated that these nuclear disasters were most likely of a natural nature, something strange about these regions haunted him.

By 2014, driven by the strange fact that the only two places he believed contained evidence of a nuclear holocaust were also the zones that contained the least amount of evidence for an ancient civilization. Therefore, Brandenburg believes that the explosions were not at all of natural origin, but rather purposeful.

He stated that he found evidence that, most likely, very large atomic bombs were used for the explosions. Moving further in his reasoning, he also stated that it was most likely that these attacks were carried out by an alien race other than some kind of organic AI.

Brandenburg's theory is very popular among conspiracy theorists, but his conclusions have not attracted the attention of any famous scientist.

Strange "find" on Mars

In September 2015, UFO searchers, analyzing photographs of the Martian surface, discovered what they thought was nothing less than a "stargate" half buried under the ground. People, before drawing such conclusions, were first drawn to the very smooth lines of the object.

In addition, the picture also noted "a platform that resembles parts of a long-destroyed roof of some structure." In the center of the site was a strange round structure resembling a gate.

tinted photo

Although these crazy theories are quite consistent with the assumption that ancient civilizations once existed on Mars, in this particular case, this “observation” has no scientific basis and, more importantly, evidence. Even if it were proved that this object is of artificial origin (which in itself would be an incredible discovery), then there are no prerequisites to believe that this structure is some kind of portal to other worlds.

For the sake of interest, it is still worth noting that ancient writings found on Earth often talk about such "tunnels" between our planet and Mars, which ultimately makes such "finds" even more interesting and mysterious.

Nevertheless, the same NASA does not seem to have any comments on this matter, but some conspiracy theorists suggest that the agency is simply very afraid of these ancient technologies and therefore tries to get to Mars as quickly as possible before someone else does.

Face and ancient city of Kydonia

Perhaps the most striking mystery of the Red Planet in the eyes of the modern world was the discovery of a "face on Mars", which was first shown to the world in 1976 among the many photographs that were taken during the mission of the Viking rover.

When they first saw it, most people agreed with the opinion that they really see an object resembling a face in a photograph of the Martian surface. Further study of the region of Kydonia where the "face" was discovered showed that this object is nothing more than a play of light. And the photographs that were taken later, in 1998 and 2001, confirmed this.

However, conspiracy theorists claim that the new pictures were deliberately taken from different angles to make it look like it wasn't a face. In addition, they were forced to think too clear lines of the object. Lines that nature cannot create.

Perhaps even more dubious is the claim by conspiracy theorists that the photographs in the immediate vicinity of the face “clearly” show the remains of the ancient year, as well as the aforementioned pyramids. According to "experts", such an unusual number of "structures" found here may indicate the fragments of the ancient ruined buildings of the city, in which an ancient civilization lived several thousand years ago.

The researchers claim that prior to the last Mars pole shift, the city and face were located right on the Martian equator, and this was no coincidence. Graham Hancon, Robert Boval, and John Grigsby even wrote a book, The Mars Mystery-A Tale Of The End Of Two Worlds, which states that the objects found are indeed the remains of an ancient civilization.

Many strange objects seen on Mars

From the Viking space missions to the present day, people have had the opportunity to view thousands of images of the Martian surface. And although in most pictures Mars looks completely like a lifeless desert, a world of sand and stones, in some photographs you can still see very strange and sometimes even mysterious objects.

In 2015, for example, a photograph appeared showing objects resembling pillars or even columns with “petroglyphs” applied to them, very similar to ancient Egyptian ones. In the summer of that year, all social media was stirred up by a photograph in which, as some said, a female figure is clearly visible, located on a mountain hill. Years earlier, an image appeared on the Web that also allegedly depicted a woman walking on the surface of the Red Planet.

There have been numerous photographs in which some have claimed to show objects resembling the remains of human bones and even skulls. On others, someone "saw" Martian animals (lizards and even rats). In 2015, some big-eyed enthusiast spotted a Martian crab on the surface of Mars.

According to the official version, all these “finds” are a mere trick of the light, however, researchers and conspiracy theorists believe that the camera cannot be deceived, and in fact, NASA archives contain much more interesting photographs and data that are not reported to the world.

People have been fascinated by the planet Mars since ancient times. Someone was sure that there must be life there, someone regarded Mars as a strategic base for aliens, and someone promised that "apple trees will bloom on Mars too." But one way or another, a lot of different stories and even conspiracy theories are connected with this planet, which will be discussed in our review.

1. Phobos - space station

When the European Space Agency announced that one of the moons of Mars, Phobos, was hollow, it confirmed the results of the Soviet astrophysicist Iosif Shklovsky, who claimed this back in the late 1960s. Moreover, Shklovsky believed that Phobos is not only hollow, but given its unusual and uneven orbit, there is a real possibility that this satellite is of artificial origin.

Over the years, many ufologists, alien seekers, and even theoretical astophysicists have developed Shklovsky's findings. One of the main theories of this fringe group of thinkers was that Phobos was put into orbit and is in fact an ancient space station that may have been used as a starting point for space flights or as a defense against asteroids.

Another theory is that Phobos was formed from several large fragments of an asteroid, so a natural void formed in the center of the structure. Interestingly, there have been numerous attempts to send a probe to Phobos. But all of them, for one reason or another, ended in failure.

2. The Sphinx and the Pyramids of Mars

Not only is there supposedly a sphinx on the surface of Mars, but it is also located in front of structures that some claim are pyramids. Although most researchers and experts claim that the pyramids are mountains formed naturally, some believe that the exact proportions of the structures indicate their artificial origin.

The likelihood that these "pyramids" are volcanoes is also very small, since the only known volcanic region of Mars is the Tarsis region, which is located 3200 kilometers from the site of the pyramids in Cydonia. Therefore, it is not surprising that a number of people have traced the connection of the sphinx and pyramids on Mars with the Sphinx in Egypt and the pyramids of Giza.

NASA claims that because parts of the images are blurred, people experience the effect of pareidolia, that is, they see certain objects, where in fact there is nothing but random patterns and shapes.

3. Project Redsun - a secret manned flight to Mars

According to the story, which first surfaced in 2011, there was a covert mission in the 1970s to establish a base on Mars. After Apollo 17, the last manned mission to the moon, NASA allegedly began conducting covert space flights. One of them, Project Redsun, allegedly was a joint US-Soviet mission to colonize Mars. The first group of colonizing astronauts reportedly arrived on the red planet at the end of 1971: in essence, it was a mission to collect information.

The second mission was said to have been launched in August 1973, with the ISV Columbus carrying two American astronauts (Commander Elliot See and pilot William Routledge) and Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Ilyushin. A video of an alleged NASA training flight has appeared on YouTube. Naturally, a discussion immediately flared up regarding the authenticity of the video: the vast majority of people believe that this is a hoax, although a very good hoax.

Outside, the story surfaced thanks to the Italian UFO researcher Luca Scantamburlo and his informant by the name of Routledge (who was the pilot of the Redsun mission in 1973). Routledge also spoke about several other secret projects, including one that allegedly discovered an alien base on the moon.

4. An American woman is sure that a man visited Mars in 1979

In 2014, a woman who identified herself as Jackie called a radio show in the US. She claimed to have previously worked for NASA. In 1979, Jackie was processing telemetry received from the Viking spacecraft, which was the first vehicle capable of sending photographs of the surface of Mars to Earth. While processing the video from the Viking, she noticed 2 human figures walking on the surface of Mars. Moreover, they were dressed in spacesuits, which were not as bulky as those that were used at that time.

According to Jackie, these people came out on foot from the horizon and were approaching the Viking Explorer. Jackie also claimed that six other NASA employees also witnessed the incident, but were forbidden to talk about it.

5 Gilbert Levin: There Is Hidden Life On Mars

According to the American engineer Gilbert Levin, he proved that there is life on Mars as early as 1976. This experiment called "Labeled Release" was performed using the first Viking rover that landed on the red planet.

Levine claims that after the rover landed, soil samples were taken in which organic life was identified. However, the subsequent 2 experiments did not confirm the results of the first one, so they forgot about it.

6 Panspermia: All Life Came From Mars

In 2013, two different scientists came out with a "confirmation" of the controversial panspermia theory, which claims that life arrived on Earth (in this case from Mars) in molecular form thanks to an asteroid that hit our planet. The theory itself dates back as far as the fifth century BC, when the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras referred to it in his writings.

When organic molecules were found on asteroids in 1984 and 1996, the theory gained popularity again. Most scientists agree that Mars was a completely different planet billions of years ago. It had an atmosphere and oceans of liquid water.

7 Nuclear War On Mars

In 2014, plasma particle physicist John Brandenburg stated that Mars has experienced at least two major nuclear explosions in its history. Evidence of this is a large concentration of xenon-129 in the atmosphere of Mars, as well as an excessive amount of uranium and thorium in the soil of this planet.

Three years earlier, Brandenburg had stated that the regions of Cydonia and Utopia on Mars had all the hallmarks of an advanced ancient humanoid civilization. In 2014, he noticed that just in those regions where the most powerful nuclear explosions allegedly once thundered, there is the least evidence of the existence of an ancient civilization.

8. Stargate on Mars

In September 2015, UFO researchers, while analyzing photographs of the surface of Mars, stumbled upon what they believed to be a "stargate" half buried underground. The object attracted attention exclusively with straight lines. They also noticed what appeared to be the remains of a roof that had been damaged a long time ago. There was a round hole in the middle of the structure. Although in this case, these are extremely unfounded statements, even if it were proved that the structure was artificial.

9. Face and ancient city of Kydonia

Perhaps the first great mystery of Mars in the modern era was the "Face on Mars", which was first seen in 1976 in one of the many photographs taken during the Viking mission. When people first saw this photo, most agreed that the photo shows a face on the surface of Mars. After further research, it was officially stated that this is nothing more than a trick of the light.

Photos of the same area taken in 1998 and 2001 seem to confirm this. However, conspiracy theorists claim that the new pictures were intentionally taken from an unfavorable angle. They also claim the structure itself is too "correct" to be natural.

Conspiracy theorists also claim that there are "obvious" remains of an ancient city in the immediate vicinity of the "Martian face", including the pyramids mentioned above. They believe that the unusual number of "structures" found in the region indicates that these are the ruins of an ancient city.

10 Strange Objects On Mars

From the Viking mission to the present day, people have been able to view thousands of images of the Martian terrain. Although most of these pictures show a desert planet, a world of sand and stones, some of the photos showed strange and mysterious objects. In 2015, a dilapidated pillar or column was found in the photo, on the surface of which something similar to the petroglyphs of ancient Egypt could be seen. In the summer of the same year, a photo was sensational on social media, which depicted a woman on a mountain hill.

A few years earlier, a photograph of a woman walking on the surface of Mars appeared. There have also been numerous images of alleged human bones and skulls on Mars, and some have even been found in the images of Martian animals such as lizards and even rats. Perhaps the most famous of these images appeared on the Internet in 2015, it allegedly shows a Martian crab.

A little over twenty years ago, the news of the discovery of the mysterious Sphinx on Mars shook the whole world. Discussions and disputes about this giant monument on the Red Planet do not subside even today. At the very beginning, when the mysterious monument was only discovered, the vast majority of scientists doubted its artificial origin. But over the years, this phenomenon has undergone a more thorough study and analysis, and the opinion about its origin has changed dramatically.

Today, few scientists doubt that this is an artificial monument of an unknown Martian culture. Researchers from NASA, based on a thorough study of the monument, concluded that this grandiose monument is nothing more than a man-made monument of a highly developed civilization that probably existed on the Red Planet about 4500-5000 years ago.

According to the publications of the Sun newspaper, it became known that such information was leaked from NASA classified materials. The document that got into the newspaper contained analytical data comparing the civilization that existed on Mars and the civilization of Ancient Egypt. As a result of this document, it became clear that both civilizations existed at almost the same time. From this it follows that the builders on the Red Planet were building the Sphinx, and their pyramids, almost at the same time that the ancient Egyptian masters were building the pyramids on the Giza plateau! But, unfortunately, on Mars soon there was a global catastrophe unknown to us so far, ending in the possible death of the Martian civilization.

The American scientist P. Minart, after reviewing one of the 2 copies obtained in the archives of NASA, declared this a real information breakthrough. Minart stated that NASA has a monopoly on all space programs, but, as a rule, most of these programs were not related to the search for extraterrestrial civilizations. And the fact that NASA acknowledged that intelligent life existed on the Red Planet speaks volumes.

Most likely, in the bowels of the secret archives of the National Space Agency there is irrefutable evidence that an advanced civilization once existed on Mars. It is also quite likely that some influential group in the Space Agency itself realized, organized a targeted leak of such important and very interesting information. To not only see the reaction of society, but also to prepare it for the important and inevitable events that are coming in the future. How and when this will happen, of course, is difficult to predict.

But due to the fact that scientific progress on our planet is dynamically moving forward, new versions have emerged, confirmed by analyzes and various examinations, that the Egyptian pyramids and the Sphinx on the Giza plateau were created much earlier than was commonly believed.

So today, many serious researchers believe that both the Sphinx and the pyramids in Egypt were built from 16,000 to 20,000 years ago. And within the framework of this version, it is quite likely that the Martian Sphinx and the pyramids of the Red Planet should be considered from a slightly different angle.

In November 1994, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the main US space agency, officially announced: "The Sphinx and the pyramids on Mars exist." All these years, secret work was going on in the bowels of NASA, the Viking images were analyzed by the best computers. And only after a hundred cosmologists said a firm "yes", a sensational press conference took place. The age of the Martian pyramids was determined from nine thousand to 500 million years.

Back in 1961, 15 years before the Viking-1 flight, Richard Hoagland from the Brokhvens Institute (USA) commissioned by NASA made a report on the traces of an ancient civilization on Mars. In this report "Supposed consequences of space exploration by mankind" on 178 pages it was said that in the region of the Cydonia plain on Mars, traces of objects of clearly artificial origin are visible - the Sphinx and the pyramids around it.
Mariner 9 discovered a field of quadrangular pyramids in the region of the Elysium Plateau. In the southern polar region of Mars, geometrically regular structures called the "City of the Incas" were discovered. In the northern hemisphere of Mars, in the region of Cydonia, a "city of pyramids" was photographed, and ten kilometers from it the Sphinx depicting a woman's face with a tear on her cheek. This face has an ancient Egyptian hairstyle!

The location of the Martian complex is in principle comparable to the layout of the pyramids of Mexico in Teotihuacan, Uxmal, Palenque.

It is clear that the age of the Martian city is ancient. Large meteorites still very rarely visit planets. And here are two direct hits on the left large pyramid and a crossroads. But some roads are built around meteorite craters. So people built this city in spacesuits?
In the pictures of the Viking, another Martian Sphinx was found in the Utopia region, remarkably similar to the first one. And new pyramids were discovered in the Deuteronilus region.

More about the pyramids on Mars

So, finally, we found another pyramid, albeit a tiny one, outside of Egypt and Mesoamerica. Are there others? It should be noted that sometimes the concept of "somewhere else" can be interpreted very broadly - for example, "outside our world" or "somewhere else in the solar system." Here we have to recall the already mentioned Maurice Chatelyn, one of the few who are convinced that the pyramids are of extraterrestrial origin. Since the late 1970s, the camp of supporters of this theory has concentrated on searching for an answer to the following question: if representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations did visit Earth, then are there indisputable evidence of the existence of artificial structures on other planets of the solar system? It is clear that a positive answer would seriously strengthen their system of argumentation.

The best candidate to be the "cradle of an ancient civilization" is Mars. Not surprisingly, the first man-made objects that were discovered there (as some people believe) are ... pyramids! In general, humanity, especially science fiction lovers, has long been interested in both Mars and the pyramids. One of the films of the British science fiction series Doctor Who, shown in 1975, was devoted to this topic. The plot mentions Ancient Egypt, as well as the last pharaoh Sutekh the Destroyer, imprisoned in one of the pyramids and now awaiting release to bring death to all living things . Thus, the main storyline of the work is based on the theory set forth in Zakaria Sitchin's documentary novel "The Wars of Gods and Men". In 1990, the American science fiction film "Total Recall" with Arnold Schwarzenegger in the title role was released on the screens of the world, in which the forgotten pyramid complex is also mentioned. The basis for this action movie was Philip K. Dick's novel "We Can Remember It for You Wholesale", first published in 1966. And this list can be continued for a very long time.

Pyramids on Mars (on the left side of the picture)

The first "real" pyramid on Mars was discovered in the Fields of the Blessed on the Red Planet. In 1974, Icarus magazine published a short article by Mack Gypson, Jr. and Victor C. Eblordeppi, reporting that "a triangular formation resembling a pyramid has been found on the Martian surface." The authors noted that this elevation casts cone-shaped polygonal shadows. True, the authors themselves seem to have preferred to see in this image a natural elevation, describing it as "a pointed volcanic cone with a crater." Four such pyramids have been noted on the plain. Later, one of the leading American astronomers, Carl Sagan, somewhat recklessly commented on these images, unwittingly offering a somewhat ambiguous interpretation of the discovery. His article stated: "The largest of these elevations is 3 km in diameter at the base and a height of about one kilometer." And his next remark already allowed those who wished to draw a conclusion about the artificial origin of strange hills, since he made the following comparison: “... They are much larger than the pyramids of the Sumerians, Egyptian and Mexican on Earth. They appear to be very ancient and have undergone significant erosion and sandstorms during their existence. It is possible that these are just small mountains, but, in my opinion, they require careful study. This was enough to immediately begin various disputes and began to put forward all sorts of conjectures. In 1996, Robert Bauval and Graham Hancock, forgetting for a while the Egyptian and Mexican pyramids, devoted an entire book to Martian anomalies. Its meaning boils down to a rhetorical question: “Couldn’t these structures, as many independent researchers believe, be the first evidence that we have met the “fingerprints” of an ancient extraterrestrial civilization on Mars?” (16).

With the same speed with which the "Martian face" became popular, with the same swiftness it disappeared from the field of view of the participants in the discussion about its origin. The fact is that the interplanetary probes "Mars Global Surveyor" in 1998 and 2001, as well as "Odyssey" in 2002, took pictures of the same area, but with different lighting and with much better resolution than the "Viking" a quarter of a century back. In the new photographs, the same object bears very little resemblance to a human face. However, for some observers, such images became "clear evidence" that the new image was faked, or that the governments of the earthly powers (probably the United States?) Sometime between 1976-1998. subjected the object to bombardment with rockets in order to destroy evidence of the existence of an extraterrestrial civilization.

The disappearance of the "Martian face" from the newspaper pages almost completely killed the interest of earthlings in the pyramids on the Red Planet. So what do we know about the Martian pyramids? For obvious reasons, we only have (if any) photographs of these objects. These are the same photographs that convinced many of the existence of the "Martian face". In the end, even skeptical researchers saw it, although they claimed that it was a natural anomaly, or a bizarre play of light, or an optical illusion, or a combination of all three reasons. When it comes to the "seen" pyramids, even a fleeting glance at them is enough to say that, unlike the "Martian face", all of them have not stood the test of time. In other words, everyone who claimed that they had clear evidence of the existence of pyramids on the Martian surface noted that these "pyramids" were badly destroyed. In my opinion, this greatly reduces the value of such "indisputable evidence", since it is very difficult to distinguish a natural hill from a pile of ancient ruins, even when you are standing nearby - what can we say about an image that is made by a video camera from a height of several kilometers!

In addition to Hoagland, the Russian author Vladimir Avinsky also wrote about pyramidal hills on Mars, but what one calls a “real pyramid” another does not consider a pyramid at all. In a word, there is no clarity here either. Of all the contenders for this high title, the so-called "Pyramid of Di Pietro - Molenaara", or briefly "Pyramid of D and M", is considered the most famous. It does not at all look like a pyramid in our understanding, unless the "creators" of this structure were going to make its base look like a pentagram. True, no pyramids with such a base have been found on Earth. This object was named after its discoverers - Vincent Di Pietro and Gregory Molenaar, scientists from the Goddard Space Flight Center. This "pyramid" gained fame due to its proximity to the "Martian face", as well as the fact that it is oriented almost exactly along the north-south line, "just like the Great Pyramid in Egypt." Of course, readers of the original documents may not fully approve of the fact that this “pyramid” is extremely huge: the shortest side is 1.5 km long, the pyramid stretches 3 km along the axis, and it is almost 800 m high - about four times the size of the pyramid Cheops! It is quite obvious that if this structure is of an artificial nature, then it was built not with “bare hands”, but with the help of the most advanced mechanisms, which, apparently, should have been available to alien visitors to the Red Planet. However, if all these Martian pyramids were built by the same creatures who built them on Earth, as Hoagland, Percy, and many other authors claim after them, why, one wonders, do we not see such gigantic structures here with us? As you wish, but I find it extremely offensive - aliens built giant pyramids on Mars, and only huge ones on Earth ...

In any case, when talking about “something is there”, no one answers the questions: a) why does the aforementioned pyramid have five sides? b) is it a pyramid? and c) is it an artificial structure? Refusing to answer these questions, Hoagland and Co. think that their positions would look stronger if other possible anomalies and regular shapes were noted in photographs of the Martian surface. They draw connecting lines between various objects and claim to have found "evidence" of a real city on Mars. Hoagland even "discovered" a "city square" in this complex!

Concluding our analysis, it should be noted that it is impossible to say that there are pyramids on Mars, just as it is impossible to say the opposite. It is quite obvious that any analyzes made on the basis of aerial photography data will be extremely approximate and inaccurate, as examples from earthly reality and the case of the “face on Mars” have shown. As for the pyramid D and M, it is most likely just a natural hill or mountain, because if you look at it without Hoagland's added pentagram on its top, then you will not see anything like it. Ultimately, disputes about the Martian pyramids can be resolved only after an expedition of earthlings landed on the surface of the Red Planet and conducted archaeological research there.

Before returning to the old Earth, we quickly note that the Moon also received its portion of the "pyramid fever". Soviet space engineer Alexander Abramov said that he observed a pyramidal object in the Sea of ​​Tranquility, moreover, positioned in the same way as the pyramids in Giza. In this area, in July 1969, the astronauts of Apollo 11 landed on the moon during their first expedition to our nearest space neighbor. This statement, in my opinion, was ordinary Soviet propaganda, and the article of the Soviet scientist was intended to give rise to doubts: whether the Americans had hidden a discovery of extreme importance from mankind. However, some Americans, for their part, added fuel to the fire. Among them, it is worth mentioning Fred Steckling, who claimed that in some photographs objects in various craters are clearly visible, which may well be pyramids. One of these pictures was taken by astronauts from Apollo 8, the other was taken during the Apollo 16 expedition. You can’t argue here: in both images, some anomalies on the surface are really noticeable, but that’s all. Whether there is something more behind this, it will be possible to judge, again, only after we return to the Moon and conduct thorough studies there on the ground.

The object, which looks like a stone sculpture of a human face, was first photographed in 1976 in the northern hemisphere of Mars by the Viking-1 interplanetary station. The image was taken in a region of Mars called Cydonia, and the "face" is located 15 km from its center. This is an area between the northern plains and the southern mountains with many different kinds of hills. The publication of the photographs sparked fierce controversy over the origin of the formation. Numerous TV shows, documentaries were filmed, the "face" was mentioned in many fantastic works. Some researchers argued that this is nothing more than a play of light and shadow on an ordinary hill and the image quality is very low in order to draw any conclusions about the formation of an object. Others saw in the Martian "face" a similarity with the face of the Sphinx in Egypt, and in addition, they saw the Martian pyramids and the whole city nearby.

In 1998 and 2001, another American spacecraft, the Mars Global Surveyor, obtained new photographs of the area. Both shots were of higher quality than the Viking photos. They showed that the "face" turned out to be a mountain destroyed by the Martian atmosphere, which bears little resemblance to the outlines of any face. Nevertheless, discussions about this object and the area as a whole continued.

In 2006, Mars Express, owned by the European Space Agency, set out to get new photos of Mars. He took a series of pictures of Kydonia with the latest camera, which later made it possible to recreate three-dimensional images of the surface. Some of the new photos clearly show the same "face". Enthusiasts received confirmation of its existence and again pointed to the correct faces of the "pyramids" and the outlines of the roads. In addition, new photos have raised new questions: the outlines of the skull are clearly visible in the pictures. Due to the poor quality of early photographs of Kydonia, the skull was simply not visible. Meanwhile, skeptics continue to doubt the man-made origin of all these objects and point to their natural formation. The argument is the fact that air masses are intensively moving on the surface of Mars, forming various kinds of storms and whirlwinds. Such an impact can turn the breed into the most bizarre form.

It remains to be noted that the disputes between ufologists and skeptics will continue until an unambiguous answer to the question of the origin of these formations is received. And it probably won't happen soon. All presented photos can be downloaded in high quality from the official website .