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| Life Guards Volynsky Regiment a brief historical essay. Volyn Life Guards Regiment Listed in the lists of the regiment |
Petersburg is the capital of the Russian guard. History of the guard units. Troop structure. Combat actions. Outstanding personalities Almazov Boris Aleksandrovich Life Guards Volynsky RegimentLife Guards Volynsky Regiment Regimental Church - Church in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky, a monument of wooden architecture, one of the oldest functioning Orthodox churches (Lomonosov, Ilikovsky pr., 1). Location - Warsaw, artillery barracks (09/17/1814–11/17/1830), St. Petersburg (1832), Kronstadt (1832–1836), Oranienbaum (1836–1856), Warsaw (1856–1914) gg.). December 12, 1806 - at the request of members of the imperial family and under the control of Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, the Imperial Militia Battalion was formed from the specific peasants of the imperial house, located in Strelna. The battalion received a baptism of fire, participating in the capture of the city of Gutstadt and the pursuit of the enemy to the river. Pasargi. October 19, 1811 - at the heart of the Life Guards of the Finnish battalion, the Finnish regiment of three battalions was formed. July 16, 1814 - it was ordered to allocate the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (commander - Colonel Ushakov, Colonel Rall 4th, 13 chief officers, 60 non-commissioned officers, 11 drummers, 2 flute players and 800 privates) to the a separate guard detachment sent to Warsaw and intended to serve as the backbone of the then deployed new Polish troops. September 1814 - the battalion was replenished with recovered ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (117 combatant and 6 non-combatant ranks). October 12, 1817 - formed in Warsaw from the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment of the Life Guards Volynsky Regiment, recruited from natives of the Western provinces, consisting of two battalions to protect the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. Enlisted in the Guards Corps with the rights of the Old Guard. According to the type of service, he was assigned to the light (jaeger) infantry. The battalion is deployed into a two-battalion regiment, for which 502 natives of the Vilna, Minsk, Grodno, Volyn, Podolsk and Bialystok regions were allocated from the guards regiments. The officers were replenished from the 27th and 28th infantry divisions from the natives of the Polish provinces. 1831 - participated in the suppression of the Polish uprising (the battle of Ostroleka, the defense of Vilna and Grodno, the assault on Warsaw). 1832 - withdrawn to St. Petersburg and quartered in Kronstadt. 1836 - transferred to Oranienbaum. 1853–1856 - participated in the Crimean War, guarding the Baltic coast. Participated in a skirmish with the English amphibious assault near Vyborg, near the village of Makslyake. May 23, 1855 - the lower ranks of the regiment (the only one of all the guards regiments that participated in the Crimean War) received the insignia of the Order of St. George. 1862 - transferred to Warsaw in the 2nd brigade of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division. Participated in the First World War: December 1916 - in honor of the regimental holiday, he was recalled from the front to the capital. February 27, 1917 - in the morning, the regimental training team (350 people), having killed their commander, staff captain Lashkevich, went over to the side of the revolution, starting agitation in the Life Guards Lithuanian and Preobrazhensky regiments. The uprising was led by non-commissioned officer of the Reserve Battalion Timofei Ivanovich Kirpichnikov. What happened to the guards? Are they “glorious Volynians”? The fact of the matter is that by 1917, one name actually remained from the Guards Regiment. The cadre Russian guard, which was not spared, and perhaps deliberately destroyed, thrown into senseless attacks, perished at the front. The guards infantry units (more correctly: the reserve battalions of the guards regiments), which occupied the first place in terms of numbers in the Petrograd garrison, continued to be formed at the expense of the peasants, as before. Among the 6925 recruits drafted into the guards infantry units in 1916 and 1917, only 1624 people were workers, including 285 (that is, in total - 4%) - factory workers. The number of illiterate and semi-literate soldiers has increased significantly. Of course, in the conditions of the war, they did not have time to teach them to read and write. Moreover, at that time, due to the huge decline in the officer corps, only 4% of the officers had a full-fledged military education, the rest completed accelerated courses, often externally, or, like ensign V. I. Chapaev, received the first officer rank (and personal nobility) along with a full St. George's bow for reckless courage. For an infantry regiment, which has a total strength twice that of a modern motorized rifle regiment (about 3,200 people), there are only 60 officers. Of course, they could not resist the wave of anti-war agitation, the fall in discipline and the disintegration of the army. Truly, the "peasants in gray overcoats" were not going to become "valiant guardsmen" - professional warriors, but by hook or by crook they rushed home. This was especially acute in the training team, from where the soldiers were supposed to go to the front with marching companies not today or tomorrow. However, having "thrown the tsar", "the power of the landowners and capitalists", the soldiers sooner or later understood whom they had brought to power in return. Such an insight was inevitable. In the guard, now the Red Guard, although there was no such strict selection of recruits as before, they still took healthy, strong, tall, that is, recruits from well-fed, strong peasant families. (Such families suffered the most from the war. “The beggar, as they say, is not afraid of fire,” and “the proletarian has nothing to lose but his chains.”) Here they are, quickly renamed by the new government from "eagles of the revolution" into "kulak sons", and poured out of the Workers 'and Peasants' Army in all directions! In 1918, more than a million deserters were hiding from the general mobilization on the territory of the Republic of Soviets. They were caught, some were put in line, some were immediately against the wall ... "Ideological" fled in the army of enemies of the Soviet regime. From the Volyn regiment, since there were many natural Volhynians, Galicians, Ukrainians from other Little Russian provinces, they "ticked" into the Ukrainian armies of Hetman Skoropadsky, Petliura or Makhno. The Russians made their way to the Don. The "first soldier of the revolution", the former "Volyn" Kirpichnikov, also appeared there. Timofei Ivanovich Kirpichnikov (1892–1917) Born into a peasant family in the Saransk district of the Penza province. He studied at the public school. He was drafted into the army before the start of the war in connection with the achievement of military age. He served in Petrograd as a senior sergeant major in the training team of the reserve battalion of the Volynsky Life Guards Regiment. On the morning of February 27, 1917, at 5 o'clock in the morning, he raised the soldiers subordinate to him, armed and built before the arrival of the authorities. The day before, their commander, staff captain Lashkevich, on the orders of the commander of the Petrograd Military District S.S. Khabalov, led the team to the city: there were riots in the capital, accompanied by violence and encroachments on the lives of military and police officials. At night, Timofey Kirpichnikov persuaded his assistants, the "platoon", to refuse to participate in the suppression of the riots. Arriving at the location of the unit, Lashkevich met with resistance from his subordinates, tried to escape and was shot in the back by Kirpichnikov. The insurgent training team, with weapons in their hands, moved to the reserve battalion of their regiment and dragged it along. Then Timofey Kirpichnikov led the soldiers further - to raise the neighboring regiments. Overcoming the resistance of sentries and officers, they were able to bring many thousands of armed people into the streets within a few hours. At some point, Kirpichnikov himself ceased to control the actions of the crowd, which arbitrarily opened fire, stormed the objects occupied by the gendarmerie, and eventually prompted state institutions, including the government, to curtail their activities, and later completely scatter. During the day, other parts of the Petrograd garrison joined the armed rebellion, which ultimately led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the victory of the revolution. The provisional government honored Kirpichnikov as "the first soldier who took up arms against the tsarist regime." He was promoted by the Provisional Government to ensign and was awarded the St. George Cross of the IV degree, personally presented to Kirpichnikov by General L. G. Kornilov. From the Volyn regiment, Kirpichnikov was elected to the Petrograd Soviet. In April 1917, during violent protests against the Provisional Government, he organized a demonstration of soldiers in support of it. This led to a fall in the authority of Kirpichnikov, who quickly left the political arena. On October 25, 1917, during the anti-Bolshevik campaign of General P. N. Krasnov against Petrograd, Kirpichnikov tried to revolt again among the soldiers of the garrison, this time against the new government. However, the uprising of the cadet schools did not evoke a response among the soldiers - the plan fell through. In November, Kirpichnikov was able to escape from the capital to the Don, where he tried to join the Volunteer Army formed by General L. G. Kornilov. To his misfortune, he turned to Colonel A.P. Kutepov, one of the last defenders of the autocracy in Petrograd on February 27, 1917. A conversation took place between them, recorded by A.P. Kutepov in his memoirs: “Once a young officer came to my headquarters, who very cheekily told me that he came to the Volunteer Army to fight the Bolsheviks "For the freedom of the people", which the Bolsheviks trample. I asked him where he had been until now and what he had been doing, the officer told me that he was one of the first "fighters for the freedom of the people" and that in Petrograd he took an active part in the revolution, speaking out among the first against the old regime. When the officer wanted to leave, I ordered him to stay and, calling the officer on duty, sent for the outfit. The young officer became agitated, turned pale, and began to ask why I was detaining him. Now you will see, I said, and when the squad arrived, I ordered that this "freedom fighter" be shot immediately. By order of Kutepov, Kirpichnikov was shot. Well, what happened to the Volyn Life Guards Regiment? At first, the Provisional Government, which in every possible way extolled the participation of the Volynians in the revolution, renamed the Reserve Regiment in the Guards on May 9, 1917, the Reserve Volynsky Regiment, which ceased to exist with the coming to power of the Bolsheviks. In the White Army, in the summer of 1919, the Volynians made up two companies in the 2nd Battalion of the 2nd Consolidated Guards Regiment, on September 16, 1919, a battalion was formed in the Consolidated Regiment of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division (the 4th company acted separately). This is the heroic, glorious, but weak shadow of the Life Guards of the Volynsky Regiment: on November 2, 1919, the battalion consisted of 200 bayonets. In the Russian Army, from August 1920, he was a company in the 3rd battalion of the Consolidated Guards Infantry Regiment. 1920 - in Sremski Karlovitsy, a regimental association in exile was formed - “The Society of the Years. officers of the Life Guards Volynsky Regiment. The museum of the regiment was formed, the almanac "Bulletin of Volynets" was published. For 1929 - 77 members, for 1951 - 29. This text is an introductory piece. From the book From Austerlitz to Paris. Roads of defeat and victory author Goncharenko Oleg GennadievichLife Guards Moscow Regiment of the Life Guards The Lithuanian (later Moscow) Regiment was formed in St. Petersburg on November 7, 1811 from the 2nd Battalion of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and from selected officers and soldiers of other guards, grenadier and army regiments. From the book Petersburg is the capital of the Russian guard. History of the guard units. Troop structure. Combat action. Prominent figures author Almazov Boris AlexandrovichLife Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment Seniority - from 1683 Rights of the Old Guard - from 1700 Applied color - scarlet. Appearance - tall blondes (in the 3rd and 5th companies - with beards). Regimental Church - Transfiguration Cathedral (1743–1754, architect M. Zemtsov). Completely rebuilt after From the author's bookLife Guards Semenovsky Regiment Seniority - from 1683 Rights of the Old Guard - from 1700 Applied color - blue. Appearance - tall fair-haired or brown-haired without beards. shelf), From the author's bookLife Guards Izmailovsky Regiment Seniority - since 1730 In the Old Guard - since 1730 Applied color - white. Appearance - tall brunettes (in His Majesty's company - with beards). Regimental Church - Trinity-Izmailovsky Cathedral (Cathedral of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity Izmailovsky regiment; From the author's bookLife Guards Moscow Regiment Seniority - since 1811 Rights of the Old Guard - since 1817 Applied color - scarlet. Appearance - redheads with beards. A. G. Uspensky; Bolshoi Sampsonievsky pr., 61). From the author's bookLife Guards Grenadier Regiment Seniority - since 1756 Rights of the Old Guard - since 1831 Applied color - blue. Appearance - brunettes (in the company of His Majesty - with beards). 1840–1845, architect K. A. From the author's bookLife Guards Pavlovsky Regiment Seniority - from May 15, 1790 Rights of the Old Guard - from 1831 Applied color - white. Appearance - in memory of Paul I, short snub-nosed blondes or redheads were secretly recruited into the regiment. In St. Petersburg they joked: “Snub-noses, like calves, are From the author's bookLife Guards Finnish Regiment Seniority - from December 12, 1806 Rights of the Old Guard - from 1808 Applied color - black. Regimental holiday - December 12, St. Spyridon's memorial day. Appearance - as in the Life Guards Jaeger Regiment. A. I. Gebens. Non-commissioned officers and musicians From the author's bookLife Guards Lithuanian Regiment Formed on November 7, 1811 from the 2nd Battalion of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and units separated from different regiments of the Life Guards and the army. Appearance - tall blondes without beards. The regimental temple is the Church of the Archangel Michael in Warsaw. Regimental From the author's bookLife Guards Sapper Regiment Holiday - December 31. Seniority - from December 27, 1812 Regimental Church - Church of Cosmas and Damian of the Life Guards Sapper Regiment (1876–1879, architect M. E. Messmacher; Kirochnaya st., 28 ). Demolished. On February 27, 1797, Emperor Paul I ordered: “To have with Artillery From the author's bookLife Guards 1st Rifle Regiment On May 16, 1910, the battalion deployed in the Life Guards 1st Rifle Regiment of His Majesty. In 1917, the regiment became known as the Guards 1st Rifle Regiment, but on May 8, 1918 From the author's bookThe Life Guards Cavalry Guard Regiment From November 2, 1894, it became known as the Cavalier Guard Regiment of Her Majesty the Empress (that is, the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna) Regiment. Before the First World War, the regiment lodged in St. Petersburg. The seniority of the regiment - from From the author's bookHorse Life Guards Regiment Seniority of the regiment - from March 7, 1721. Regimental holiday - March 25 (Annunciation). Regimental Church - Annunciation Church (Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin of the Life Guards Horse Regiment; 1845–1849, architect K A. Ton, Labor Square, 5). From the author's bookOn November 7, 1796, Emperor Paul I, who ascended the throne, placed the Imperial Guard under the command of Tsarevich Alexander and ordered the Life Hussar squadron, the "Cossack squadron" of the Gatchina garrison, to be united with From the author's bookHis Majesty's Life Guards Lancer Regiment Seniority of the regiment - from September 11, 1651. Regimental holiday - February 13, the day of St. Martinian. The lower ranks of the regiment were completed from dark brown-haired and brunettes. The general regimental suit of horses is bay. 1st squadron - the most From the author's bookLife Guards Grodno Hussar Regiment Seniority of the regiment - from February 19, 1824. Regimental holiday - July 11, the day of St. Blessed Princess Olga. In the Grodno Hussars - brunettes with small beards. The Grodno hussars had karak horses (the trumpeters had no marks): in the 1st October 1817 12. From the 1st Battalion of the L.-Gd. The Finnish Regiment and selected from other regiments of the Guard, natives of the Western provinces, were formed on the rights and advantages of the Old Guard of the two battalion Life Guards Volynsky Regiment. It was formed in December 1806 in Strelna from the peasants of the surrounding imperial estates as a police battalion. It was created under the auspices of the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. The battalion consisted of one grenadier, four musketeer companies and an artillery semi-company. On December 10, 1806, Lieutenant Colonel Troshchinsky, Andrey Andreevich, was appointed commander of the battalion.
Note. According to the decision at the Congress of Vienna, the Polish troops were left inviolable under the chief Command of His Imperial Highness Tsesarevich, who, after the end of the war, remained in residence in Warsaw. For the honorary guard of His Highness, from the units of the Guard returning to Russia, the following were left with him: the 3rd battalion of the L.-Gds. Lithuanian, 1st battalion of the L.-Gds. Finland, 1st division L.-Guards. Lancer regiments with a semi-battery of the Guards Cavalry Artillery. In 1817, the first three units were reorganized into separate regiments under new names, and the L.-Gd. Podolsky Cuirassier Regiment. In the same year, the Separate Lithuanian Corps, newly formed from the Russian 27th and 28th infantry divisions, and three newly formed regiments: the Samogitsky and Lutsk Grenadiers and the Nesvizh Carabiner, entered the command of Tsesarevich. The name of the Separate Lithuanian Corps was abolished in 1831. Regimental march: MARKS OF EXCELLENCE: 1) The regimental banner of St. George, with the inscriptions: "For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812." and, 1800-1906 ”with the St. Andrew's jubilee ribbon. Banners with this inscription were granted to the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, and in 1813 the Highest Command was issued to assign the same to the L.-Guards. Volynsky, as descended from L.-Guards. Finnish.
Sign in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment.
3) Signs for headgear with the inscription: "For Tashkisen on December 19, 1877", granted on September 30, 1878, to the command of Major General Mirkovich. Badge for a headdress "For Tashkisen on December 19, 1877", granted on October 9, 1879, silver.
CHEF SHELF: FORMER CHEFS OF THE REGIMENT: His Imperial Highness Grand Duke NICHOLAS KONSTANTINOVICH from 1850 February 2 to 1878 August 5.
IN THE LISTS OF THE REGIMENT: His Imperial Highness the Heir Tsesarevich Grand Duke ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH since 1904 July 30. WERE IN THE LISTS OF THE REGIMENT:
Participation in campaigns and cases against the enemy. The regiment took part in almost all the wars of Russia in the XIX century and in the First World War:
The battalion of the Finnish regiment, from which the regiment was formed, took part in the wars of 1807, 1812, 1813 and 1814. (See L.-Gv. Finnish Regiment). New L.-Gv. The Volyn regiment had to be in action for the first time against the indignant troops of the Kingdom of Poland. Campaigns 1830 -1831 the regiment made first in the Guards detachment Tsesarevich, and in the end as part of the Separate Guards Corps and took part in the battles: February 13 near Grakhov: June 7 at the Panar Heights, near Vilna; from June 12 to July 3, Gelgud's detachment pursued; August 6 crossed the river. Vistula; 25 and 26 August was during the assault on Wola and Warsaw.
1846 From May to November he was on a campaign against the rebellious Hungarians, but did not take part in the affairs. In the war of 1854-1856. was part of the troops guarding the shores of the Baltic Sea. 1863 He took an active part in the suppression of the rebellion within the Kingdom of Poland. 1877 August 23, set out from Warsaw on a campaign, beyond the river. Danube to Turkey; From October 7 to November 28, he performed trench service near Plevna. On November 28, he took part in the battle during the capture of Plevna; e 13 November 18 crossed the Balkans; December 19 participated in the battle at the village. Tashkisen. Volyntsev dress code (from Shenk's book) Apartments:
commanders Battalion commanders * 12/10/1806 - 12/12/1807 - Major General Troshchinsky, Andrey Andreevich Regiment commanders * 10/19/1811 - 07/06/1815 - Colonel (from 09/15/1813 Major General) Kryzhanovsky, Maxim Konstantinovich
Notable people who served in the regiment * Belgard, Karl Alexandrovich - lieutenant general, hero of the Crimean War
The Volynsky regiment finished its glorious battle path on February 27, 1917 ...
The Life Guards Volynsky Regiment was revived in the Volunteer Army. In the summer of 1919, he had 2 companies in the 2nd Battalion of the 2nd Consolidated Guards Regiment; on September 16, 1919, a battalion was formed in the Consolidated Regiment of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division (the 4th company acted separately). Battalion Commander - Col. Byrdin. Company commanders: cap. Kolyubakin, piece-cap. Albedil, capt. Alexandrov, piece-cap. book. Avalov, capt. bar. Tizenhausen. Team Leaders: Capt. Alexandrov, piece-cap. Kvyatnitsky. On November 2, 1919, there were more than 200 pieces. In the Russian Army from August 1920 he was a company in the 3rd battalion of the Consolidated Guards Infantry Regiment. Regimental association in exile - "Society of the years. officers of the l.-gv. Volyn Regiment "was created in 1921 in Yugoslavia among 60 people. (including 40 members of the White movement). In 1939, there were 67 people. (including 16 in Paris). After 1945, most of its members moved to the USA (mainly New York). For 1949–1951 consisted of 29 people. (including 13 in Paris, 2 in the USA), for 1958–1962 - 25 (8 in Paris). Previous: Gen.-leit. A.E. Kushakevich, general-lieutenant. A.P. Arkhangelsky, general-leutnant. N.N. Stogov, Major General G.V. Pokrovsky; prev. board and deputy in Yugoslavia - Major General A.P. Balk, deputies: Major General I.A. Lyubimov (France), Lieutenant General A.P. Arkhangelsky (Belgium) and lieutenant colonel. Fischer (Bulgaria) representative in Yugoslavia - Regiment. L.A. Krivosheev, in the USA - regiment. L.N. Treskin; senior colonel - D.D. Chikhachev, secretary and treasurer - cap. A.V. Albedil. In 2013, the church of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky celebrates its 175th anniversary. Location - Warsaw, artillery barracks (09/17/1814-11/17/1830), St. Petersburg. (1832), Kronstadt (1832-36), Oranienbaum (1836-1856), Warsaw (1856-1914) 07/16/1814 - it was ordered to allocate the 1st battalion (commander - Colonel Ushakov, Colonel Rall 4th, 13 chief officers, 60 non-commissioned officers, 11 drummers, 2 flute players and 800 privates) as part of a separate guard detachment, seconded to Warsaw and intended to serve as the backbone of the then deployed new Polish troops. 09.1814 - the battalion was replenished with recovered ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (117 combatant and 6 non-combatant ranks) 10/22/1817 - the battalion actually deployed a 2-battalion regiment, for which 502 natives of the Vilna, Minsk, Grodno, Volyn, Podolsk and Bialystok regions were allocated from the guards regiments: 21 non-commissioned officers, 46 musicians, 432 privates and 3 non-combatants. The officers were replenished from the 27th and 28th infantry divisions from the natives of the Polish provinces. December 7, 1817 - The 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment was renamed Life Guards Volyn His Majesty's Regiment. 04/16/1818 - given the staff of the regiment in the 2nd battalion. 01/25/1842 - the 4th reserve battalion was formed. 03/10/1854 - The 4th reserve battalion was transferred to the 4th active. The 5th reserve battalion was formed. 08/20/1854 - The 5th reserve battalion was renamed the reserve. The 6th reserve battalion was formed. 09/17/1854 - The 4th active, 5th reserve and 6th reserve battalions were deducted from Life Guards Volyn Reserve Regiment. 02/09/1856 - for each battalion of the regiment, rifle companies were formed from the best shooters. 08/06/1856 - the Life Guards Volynsky Regiment and the Life Guards Volynsky Reserve Regiment were reorganized into one - Life Guards Volyn Reserve Regiment as part of 3 active battalions with 3 rifle companies. 08/19/1857 - The 3rd battalion was named reserve and disbanded for peacetime. 04/30/1863 - the 3rd active battalion was formed 02/06/1875 - the 4th battalion was formed from the rifle companies of the regiment, consisting of 4 companies. 08/07/1877 - in connection with the performance of the regiment on the theater of operations, a reserve battalion was formed. 09/09/1878 - the reserve battalion was disbanded. 01/26/1901 - the regiment was given seniority from 12/12/1806 (PVV No. 37) 07/18/1914 - in connection with the mobilization, a reserve battalion was formed 05/09/1917 - the reserve battalion is deployed in Guard Volyn Reserve Regiment(pr. in the Petrograd military district No. 262) In the summer of 1919, he had 2 companies in the 2nd Battalion of the 2nd Consolidated Guards Regiment; On November 2, 1919, there were more than 200 bayonets. In the Russian Army from 08.1920 he was a company in the 3rd battalion of the Consolidated Guards Infantry Regiment. 1920 - in Sremski Karlovitsy, a regimental association in exile was formed - “The Society of the Years. officers of the Life Guards Volynsky Regiment. The museum of the regiment was formed, the almanac "Vestnik Volynets" was published. In 1929 - 77 members, in 1951 there were 29 people. if (!defined("_SAPE_USER"))( define("_SAPE_USER", "d0dddf0d3dec2c742fd908b6021431b2"); ) require_once($_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]."/"._SAPE_USER."/sape.php"); $o["host"] = "regiment.ru"; $sape = new SAPE_client($o); unset($o); echo $sape->return_links();?> Plan Volyn Life Guards Regiment Introduction Volyn Life Guards Infantry Regiment 1. History December 12, 1806 - At the request of members of the imperial family and under the control of Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, an imperial police battalion was formed from the specific peasants of the imperial house, located in Strelna. · May 29-30, 1807 - The battalion received a baptism of fire, participating in the capture of the city of Gutstadt and the pursuit of the enemy to the river. Pasargi. October 19, 1811 - On the basis of the Life Guards of the Finnish Battalion, the Finnish Regiment of three battalions was formed. 1814 - The 1st battalion of the regiment (former police) was awarded the St. George Banner with the inscription: "For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812." and silver trumpets with engraving: "In reward for the excellent bravery and courage shown in the battle of Leipzig on October 4, 1813." · 1814 - the 1st battalion was left in Warsaw. October 12, 1817 - Formed in Warsaw from the 1st battalion of the Finnish Life Guards Regiment of the Life Guards Volynsky Regiment, consisting of two battalions to protect the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. He was enlisted in the Guards Corps with the rights of the old guard, and by the nature of his service he was assigned to the light (jaeger) infantry. · January 1818 - the St. George banner and silver trumpets were transferred to the Volyn regiment. · 1831 - Participated in the suppression of the Polish uprising (the battle of Ostroleka, the defense of Vilna and Grodno, the assault on Warsaw). · 1832 - Brought to St. Petersburg and quartered in Kronstadt. · 1836 - Transferred to Oranienbaum. · 1853-1856 - Participated in the Crimean War, guarding the Baltic coast. Participated in a skirmish with the English amphibious assault near Vyborg, near the village of Makslyake. May 23, 1855 - The lower ranks of the regiment (the only one of all the guards regiments that participated in the Crimean War) received the insignia of the Order of St. George. · 1862 - Transferred to Warsaw, in the 2nd brigade of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division. Participated in the First World War: · August 25 - early September 1914 - Participated in the East Prussian operation as part of the XXIII Army Corps. · June 1915 - As part of the group of General Olokhov covers the direction between Kholm and Vladimir-Volynsky. · December 1916 - In honor of the regimental holiday recalled from the front to the capital. February 27, 1917 - In the morning, the regimental training team (350 people), having killed their commander, staff captain Lashkevich, went over to the side of the revolution, starting agitation in the Life Guards of the Lithuanian and Preobrazhensky regiments. The uprising was led by non-commissioned officer of the Reserve Battalion Timofei Ivanovich Kirpichnikov. · July 1917 - He was in the capital. · October 1917 - He was in the capital. I was appointed assistant commander of the Volyn regiment. This is the only regiment that remained undisbanded after Kerensky, since this remarkable regiment was the first to come out for Soviet power ... Sigismund Levanevsky. MY PASSION 2. Regiment commanders 01/22/1818 - 12/04/1819 - Major General Ushakov, Pyotr Sergeevich 12/04/1819 - 01/17/1830 - colonel (from 10/03/1820 major general) Esakov, Dmitry Semyonovich 11/17/1830 - 01/14/1842 - Major General Ovander, Vasily Yakovlevich 01/14/1842 - 12/06/1849 - Dovbyshev, Grigory Danilovich 12/06/1849 - 05/04/1855 - Major General Baron Korf, Pavel Ivanovich 05/04/1855 - 11/09/1859 - Daragan, Dmitry Ivanovich 11/09/1859 - 08/15/1863 - Major General Baron Kridener, Nikolai Pavlovich 08/26/1863 - 08/20/1865 - Major General Rall, Vasily Fedorovich 08/27/1865 - 06/12/1866 - Vlasov, Georgy Petrovich 06/12/1866 - 01/14/1876 - Prokhorov, Dmitry Dmitrievich 01/28/1876 - 02/19/1881 - Mirkovich, Mikhail Fedorovich 02/19/1881 - 09/22/1886 - Rykachev, Stepan Vasilyevich · 01.10.1886 - ? - Yakubovsky, Ivan Osipovich 01/10/1905 - 02/04/1909 - Major General Klyuev, Nikolai Alekseevich 02/13/1909 - 02/04/1914 - Major General Turbin, Alexander Fedorovich 02/04/1914 - 01/25/1915 - Major General Gerua, Alexander Vladimirovich 01/31/1915 - 04/07/1917 - Major General Kushakevich, Alexei Efimovich In 1915 - Colonel Tishevsky, Pyotr Pavlovich (temporarily) 3. Chiefs of the regiment 4. Famous people who served in the regiment Artamonov, Viktor Alekseevich - Major General of the General Staff Arkhangelsky, Alexey Petrovich - lieutenant general, head of the ROVS · Venediktov, Ivan Ivanovich - Russian statesman, Privy Councilor. Drozdovsky, Mikhail Gordeevich - Major General, division commander in the Volunteer Army Martos, Nikolai Nikolaevich - General of Infantry, commander of the 15th Army Corps as part of the 2nd Army of General Samsonov · Lukirsky, Sergey Georgievich - major general of the Russian army, later in the Red Army. · Olshevsky, Martselin Matveevich - lieutenant general, participant in the conquest of the Caucasus. · Omelyanovich-Pavlenko, Mikhail Vladimirovich - Colonel General, creator of the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Pokrovsky, Grigory Vasilyevich - Major General of the General Staff, Chief of Staff of the 8th Army, General L. G. Kornilov. Stankevich, Afanasy Evlampievich - major general, military writer. · Treskin, Leonid Nikolaevich - Colonel of the Life Guards, one of the leaders of the anti-Bolshevik resistance in Moscow. Stogov, Nikolai Nikolaevich - Lieutenant General of the General Staff, an active participant in the White movement. · Firks, Alexander Alexandrovich - General of Infantry, Commander of the Kyiv Military District. Eichen, Fedor Fedorovich - Major General. Or February 26th? The beginning of executions of demonstrations and rare cases of armed rebuff by the police and the army? On the night of February 26-27, the training team of the Volynsky regiment, which fired at the workers on Znamenskaya Square, decided to stop using weapons against the demonstrators. But it was as if passive resistance to the commanders suddenly turned into active action. When the head of the training team with a junior officer appeared at the barracks early in the morning, they were killed by rifle shots to the cries of “hurrah”. A participant in the uprising of the Volyn regiment tells about this exceptional moment of the revolution:
And this is a portrait of another "Volyn"
Of course, there was no plan of action, no headquarters of the uprising. There was a spontaneous but natural action of the soldiers, which was supported by other military units and reinforced by the workers. The first impulse was clear - to release their own, the arrested. With whom to fight - it was also clear, here they are police stations, here is a prison. Where to look for support - it was also clear. It is no coincidence that the Volynians and Lithuanians moved not to the center and not to the Duma, but to the Vyborg workers' district. Decisions were made on the fly. Sometimes party activists found themselves in the united detachments of workers and soldiers. Soon the city was filled with trucks and cars with armed soldiers and sailors. Gendarmes and stubborn officers were caught, disarmed, arrested, sometimes killed. The authorities also prepared in advance for the riots - machine guns were set up in advance in several places to fire at the expected demonstrators. True, again, the police machine gunners did not assume that they would have to shoot not at the workers, but at the insurgent soldiers who could return fire. There were short, stormy rallies at which further actions were determined. M.I. Kalinin spoke at one of them, who later recalled:
The prison "Crosses" was captured by a detachment of soldiers and workers, led by the Bolshevik A.P. Taimi. A little earlier, they also occupied the house of preliminary detention. Members of the Petrograd Committee of the Bolsheviks V.N. The tsarist ministers met at the Mariinsky Palace. Information about the uprising came from everywhere. The patrols of the Cossacks reported that the government detachment of a thousand people, thrown under the command of Colonel Kutepov against the Volynians, could not move forward. The soldiers fraternize with the rebels. The confused ministers allowed the district commander, General Khabalov, to declare a state of siege in the capital. But there was no place to print the order: the printing house of the town authorities was occupied by the rebels. It was possible to print 1,000 copies in the Admiralty. Two police officers managed to put up only a few ads. Soon these sheets were torn down and trampled on by the crowd. The ministers were listening to the reports in confusion when shots were already heard from afar. It was decided to put out all the lights in the palace and gather at least some of the loyal troops for resistance. There were no attacks, however, and the fires were lit again. “After the appearance of light, to my surprise, I found myself under the table,” one of the ministers later told the chairman of the State Duma, Rodzianko. The fear was in vain. The armed crowd was marching towards the Tauride Palace. The Council of Elders - representatives of all factions - sat in the Duma. Rodzianko reported on the uprising, on the panic that seized the government. He sent a telegram to the king:
The Duma members discussed the tsarist decree on the dissolution of the Duma. How to be? To disobey a decree, to sit in session means to disobey the monarch, to embark on a revolutionary path. The Duma was incapable of this. Accept the decree and disperse, but shooting and the rumble of the approaching crowd were heard outside the window. The elders decided: to obey the emperor’s decree, to dissolve the State Duma as an institution, but the members of the Duma should not disperse, but gather as “private citizens” for an “unofficial” meeting. Thus, the decree was carried out, but they also untied their hands. We did not meet in the White Hall, as usual, but in a semi-circular one, in order to emphasize the “private” nature of the meeting with this detail. More than two hundred deputies crowded around the table, where Rodzianko, throwing up his hands, asked: "What to do?" One of the Cadets, Nekrasov, who was considered the most leftist, proposed immediately appointing one of the "popular generals" as a dictator to suppress the rebellion. They waved their hands at him, angrily asserting that the ministers and generals were so frightened that they would have to be pulled out from under the bed. Trudovik Dzyubinsky recommended that a full-fledged committee to restore order be created from the members of the Duma. The Kadet Milyukov opposed both proposals: we must wait until it becomes clear on which side the majority of the troops and workers are on. In the midst of the debate, an officer, the head of the guard, burst into the hall, shouting: “My assistant was seriously wounded, protect me!” The deputies, looking out of the windows, saw a crowd cordoning off the palace, then they heard the clatter of rifle butts on the steps of the stairs: the revolution was on the threshold of the Duma. The rebellious people blocked all the streets adjacent to the Tauride Palace. Huge crowds occupied the courtyard. Armed soldiers and workers filled the palace. The monarchist Shulgin, in his memoirs, conveyed the general mood of the frightened parliamentarians in this way:
The insurgent units released not only the soldiers arrested the day before, but also the activists of the left parties arrested the day before, and members of the working group of the military-industrial committee. And in the State Duma, the representatives of the rebel units who came met not only with the chairman of the Duma, Rodzianko, but also with representatives of the Social Democrats - Chkheidze, Skobelev, Kerensky, who, although they did not call for a revolution, were internally ready for it. It was in Taurida that the creation of revolutionary authorities, or rather, two authorities of the revolution, began. Those who came to the Tauride Palace heard a wish from the Chairman of the Duma Rodzianko to maintain order and calmness, and from the deputies of the State Duma Chkheidze and Skobelev - to urgently hold elections of workers' and soldiers' deputies to the Soviet.
At the Tsarist Headquarters, the morning of February 27 passed as usual. Nicholas II went out to receive reports calm. They knew about the events in Petrograd. The day before, a letter came from the queen about a speech in the capital on February 25.
The Headquarters believed that there were “hunger riots” in Petrograd, and they were accustomed to not paying attention to the hunger of the working masses. Nicholas reassuringly answered the excited queen:
Troops moved from the front line to Petrograd. Khabalov was ordered to put an end to the unrest immediately. Then Petrograd almost stopped responding to calls. The courtiers at Headquarters became agitated. The tsar conferred for a long time with the chief of staff, General Alekseev, on measures to combat. They planned to send a combat general with troops to Petrograd. By evening, Nikolai himself decided to be there. At 7 pm Nikolai told his wife: “I'm leaving tomorrow at 2.30. The horse guards were ordered to immediately move from Novgorod to the city. From the outskirts of Petrograd it was reported that all the troops raised red flags. There are no loyal units left in the capital at all. At Headquarters, the commanders of the fronts were called to the wire. Troops were withdrawn from the forward positions. General Alekseev, when asked by his assistant what happened, impatiently replied: "Petrograd is in revolt." Khabalov from the "faithful" regiments hastily formed a shock unit consisting of six companies of infantry and one and a half squadrons of cavalry with 15 machine guns. However, this detachment, at the first contact with the rebels, went over to their side. General Khabalov, together with another combined detachment from parts of the Lithuanian, Keksholmsky and Izmailovsky regiments, took refuge in the Admiralty, trying to act against the rebels .. However, this select detachment melted before our eyes. On the morning of February 28, Khabalov reported by direct wire to Headquarters: “The number of remaining faithful to duty has decreased to 600 infantry and 500 horsemen with 15 machine guns, 12 guns ... The situation is extremely difficult.” But soon the last remnants of the "loyal" troops joined the workers. How quickly the revolution in the army was growing can be judged from the materials of the Military Commission of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma:
On the morning of February 27, only the training team of the Volynsky regiment came out with weapons in their hands, but together with the worker-agitators, at the moment they also "promoted" the soldiers of the Lithuanian and Preobrazhensky regiments, the engineer battalion. These units united with the workers of the Vyborg side - the one where the influence of the Bolsheviks was strong and whose leadership performed the functions of the arrested Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP. The workers also raised other units to protest (the Putilov worker G.I. Samoded, dressed in a soldier's uniform to penetrate the Semenovsky regiment) - and in the evening the Semenovsky regiment, grenadier, Finnish, 180th, sailors of the 2nd Baltic naval crew and soldiers of other military units. By March 1, almost all parts of the Petrograd garrison, including the personal guard of the tsar, had gone over to the side of the revolution. Having seized military depots, an arsenal, and arms stores, the workers seized about 40,000 rifles, 30,000 revolvers, over 2,000 shells, 2 million rounds of ammunition, and even several armored cars. The soldiers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment handed over to the workers 500 rifles and 5 machine guns, a scooter battalion - 2050 rifles, a reserve armored car battalion - 97 machine guns. And by the evening of February 27, both the Provisional "Committee of the State Duma for the establishment of order in Petrograd and for relations with institutions and persons" and the Provisional Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers' Deputies were formed, which already at 9 pm held the first meeting of the Council, in which about 40-50 people. The next day there were already more than two hundred deputies of the Council. The Provisional Committee included: M. V. Rodzianko, V. V. Shulgin (nationalist), P. N. Milyukov (Cadet), N. V. Nekrasov (Cadet), S. I. Shidlovsky (Octobrist), I. I. Dmitryukov (Octobrist), A. I. Konovalov (progressist), V. A. Rzhevsky (progressist), V. N. Lvov (rightist), A. F. Kerensky (Trudovik), and N. S. Chkheidze. The Menshevik Social Democrat N.S. Chkheidze became the Chairman of the Council, and the Menshevik M.I. Skobelev and A.F. . On the night of February 27-28, two appeals were prepared on behalf of the Provisional Committee and one from the Soviet of Workers' Deputies (the texts are in the book Great Days of the Russian Revolution). Thus the revolution began. What happened in the following days is described in other materials of this section. |
The badge is in the form of a golden cross of the Virtuti Militari order. On the rays of the cross are the inscriptions and dates "1806" and "1906". Between the rays of the cross are the silver cyphers of the Emperors Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II and Alexander III beneath the Imperial crowns. In the center of the cross is a silver disc with a single-headed eagle, on top of which is the cypher of Emperor Nicholas II. 
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