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The 1164 rifle regiment (1164 joint venture) was called to the front and was part of the 346th rifle Debaltsevskaya Red Banner division (346 SD) -51 Army, 4Ukrainian front.
The division was formed in August 1941 in Saratov region... She took part in the battles near Moscow, fought on the Kulikovo field, near Stalingrad, Donbass, forcing the Sivash, in the Crimea.
For military services she was awarded the honorary title "Debaltsevskaya", awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
The 346th rifle division also took part in the Battle of Stalingrad ...
In the second echelon of the 5th Panzer Army was the 159th rifle division, in the 0 echelon of the development of success - the 1st and 26th Panzer Corps, the 8th Cavalry Corps and the 8th Motorcycle Regiment, in the holding group - the 14th Guards Rifle Division and the 1166th Rifle Regiment of the 346th Rifle Division. Reserve - 346th Rifle Division.
Debaltseve, a city in Ukraine, Donetsk region.
Abandoned by the Red Army on December 7, 1941. Released on September 3, 1943 by the troops of the Southern Front during the Donbas strategic offensive operation.
Releasing connections:
Southern Front: 51st Army - 54th Rifle Corps (Major General Kolomiets Trofim Kalinovich) - 346th Rifle Division (Major General Dmitry Ivanovich Stankevsky);
By order of the Supreme Command, the name Debaltsevskaya was assigned to the following formations and units - 346th Infantry Division.
The troops that took part in the liberation of Donbass, during which they captured Debaltseve and other cities, were thanked by order of the Supreme Command of September 8, 1943, and a salute was given in Moscow with 20 artillery volleys from 224 guns. Nikitovka (now part of the city of Horlivka), a city in Ukraine, Donetsk Oblast, abandoned by the Red Army on November 2, 1941. Released on September 5, 1943 by the troops of the Southern and Southwestern Fronts during the Donbas strategic offensive operation.
On the left flank, the 54th Rifle Corps was advancing, reinforced by the 125th Mortar Regiment. The 116th fortified area bypassed Debaltsevo from the south with the task of capturing the city of Uglegorsk and entering the rear of the Debaltsevo enemy grouping. From the east, the 346th division under the command of General D.I.Stankevsky approached Debaltseve.
Having defeated the Nazis in Chernukhin, the 1168th Rifle Regiment under the command of Major I.P. Pavlyucheikov broke into Debaltsevo at 12:30. After repelling two counterattacks and destroying seven tanks, he began to storm the station area and railway station... The 1164th Rifle Regiment came to his aid. The company of Senior Lieutenant V. Solovyov showed exceptional courage and staunchness. She bypassed the city from the south, on its western outskirts, took possession of the height, dominating the surrounding area, and cut the path of the retreating fascists. Squeezed from three sides in a task, the fascist troops left Debaltsevo.
For the courage shown by the personnel and successful actions to defeat the Nazis in the Debaltsevo resistance center of the 346th rifle division, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief awarded the honorary title of Debaltsevskaya.
".. To the north-west and west of the city of YELGAVA (MITAVA), our troops repulsed attacks by large enemy infantry and tanks. By order of the command, our troops left the city of TUKUMS and retreated to more advantageous positions ..."
From the summary of the Sovinformburo for August 21, 1944. German soldiers pass by an immobilized Soviet IS-2 tank, during the fighting in Jelgava (Mitau) central Latvia. In 1944. Probably just as connoisseurs of Russian poetry sometimes like "at random" to open some of the volumes of the complete collected works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in order to read a few lines, just by choice, and from time to time I "wander" through the archival documents of the WBS website - Memorial. All you need is to randomly drive some words, for example. Hungary, 1945, a different cause of death and you read the fates of soldiers and officers. Who committed suicide, who was run over by a car, who poisoned themselves with methyl alcohol. The day before, I thought. But it’s interesting - which of our fellow countrymen from Penza was not lucky at the end of the war? For example, being already in the officer rank, he fell into the clutches of the Nazis. I am typing in the request of the WBS the text 1944, the captain, Penza, was captured. The site gave out several surnames. My choice fell on the captain of the medical service Malkin Isaak Naumovich, born in 1919. captain of the medical service of the 346th rifle division. He was captured on August 20, 1944. And then the addition is released. So yes !! ??! Judging by the name of the officer, a Jew! And he survived in captivity. Maybe the appearance did not speak of nationality ?? And the fellow soldiers taken with him in captivity did not betray him ?? Lucky, of course. According to the documents, the captain served in the 437th medical-sanitary battalion of the 346th division. Then I thought - how is it that the doctor of the medical battalion, being not on the front line, could be captured ?? I began to look for information. And immediately I realized - well, here's another blank spot in the Great Patriotic War for me it became less. In August 1944, the entire division, in which Malkin was located, was surrounded. Anatoly Fedorovich Novikov commander of a sanitary platoon 437 med. baht. 346 SD Pavel Petrovich Maryukhin deputy for political affairs 437 medical-dignity. baht. 346 SD Isaak Naumovich Malkin, captain, resident physician, 437 med. baht. 346 SD. But only Malkin survived and returned. And apparently he behaved in captivity with dignity. After being released and checked, he continued to serve in the Red Army. 
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By the way, according to the information given on the "People's Feat" website, before the 346th division was transferred from the Crimea to the Baltic states, the captain of the medical service was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" and the Order of the Red Star. As stated in the submission to the last award, Isaak Naumovich Malkin ford the Sivash and carrying surgical instruments, reaching the coast, immediately began to operate on the wounded, thus saving many lives. A normal man, to be sure! And then the division, replenished with local conscripts, was transferred from the Soviet Crimea to Soviet Baltic... At first everything went well, and then ... 
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On August 19, the enemy concentrated the 168th and 314th infantry divisions in the Kauguri, Sloka, Kalnciems sector and launched an offensive against units of the 346th rifle division. Numerous amphibious assault forces of the enemy Enemy warships supported the landing with the fire of naval guns Enemy aircraft bombed the defenders of the coast Above the infantry regiment of the Nazis with tanks broke through on Milzkalne and Smarda. with wounded soldiers, doctors and nurses .... " "On August 20, after a strong artillery preparation and with the support of a large number of tanks, self-propelled and assault guns, the enemy, with the forces of the 93rd Infantry Division and the separate consolidated battalions attached to it, went on the offensive along the entire sector of the division's defense. Having ferried up to 14 infantry companies across the Lielupe River, the Germans began an offensive along the road in the direction of the farm “Sarmas.” At the same time, from the west, the Germans moved up to 20 tanks and a battalion of motorized infantry to join the crossing troops. Sydko fought a landing amphibious assault By 12 o'clock in the afternoon the Germans, with the fire support of the cruiser "Prince Eugene", managed to land infantry and military equipment from 36 ships and barges in the area of Asari and Lielciems. The Jelgava-Tukums road by this time was cut by enemy tanks and armored personnel carriers. The Germans created the so-called "Courland Corridor" 30 kilometers wide from the Gulf of Riga to the Berze River, which is north of Jelgava, and restored communication between Army Group North and East Prussia. The 346th Division was completely surrounded on a large, extended front. ... " To further - you can read on the links above by me. Some of the servicemen broke through with a fight, several hundred retreated into the swamps. And then a group of scouts was sent who took up to 90% of the fighters from this group. But of course not all of them. Hundreds were left to lie on the ground, hundreds were taken prisoner. By the way, there are many Penza residents among the missing on August 20. I checked on the OBD-Memorial - the mark was released, only a few are alive. Judging by the memoirs I read, these events were not "ignored" by the "controlling authorities." "September 1944 Difficult fighting in the encirclement still affected the mood of the soldiers and even the commanders. I noticed this as soon as I visited the regiments of the 346th Rifle. Naturally, the gloomy and even, one might say, depressed mood of people alerted me. After all, this has not been observed in the division before. Of course, I began to look for reasons for this. ... It turned out that as soon as the division withdrew from the encirclement, several army representatives immediately arrived at its units. Unfortunately, they saw their task not in cheering people up, but in ... to conduct a kind of investigation. So they began to pry from the soldiers who, in their opinion, was the culprit for the fact that the company, the battalion were surrounded, how certain soldiers behaved in that situation. In a word, people seemed to be divided in advance into courageous and cowards, which, quite understandably, led some to great embarrassment, while others were insulted to the core. The tactless attitude of senior comrades to the soldiers and commanders of the division that had been in trouble caused at least bewilderment. Therefore, I considered it necessary to invite zealous "investigators". ... " Well, for now, that's all about the 346th Infantry Division. By the way, judging by the same site "The feat of the people" in 1985, Isaac Naumovich Malkin was still alive. He was awarded the "jubilee" Order of the Patriotic War. And further. There is a "Book of memory of Jewish soldiers who fell in the battles with Nazism 1941-1945, Volume 2" If they read me in Israel, please amend it. Isaac Malkin is not missing. The captain was captured and continued to study medicine.
By the way, what about that Jelgava. ours were released. BUT this already happened on October 10, 1944. According to information on the Internet, during the battles the city was destroyed by 90%, for which it received the name "Baltic Stalingrad". 
The submachine gunners of the First Baltic Front are clearing Jelgava of the Germans. 1944 g.
Connection history:
It was formed according to the order of the NCO No. 15 on August 15, 1941 in the city of Volsk, Saratov Region, Privolzhsky Military District. In the period from August 15 to December 1, combat training of the division and its combat equipment took place. On August 27, the divisional commander arrived - Divisional Commander Davydovsky I.Ye. He had great combat experience, was awarded two Orders of the Red Banner. In the Soviet-Finnish war, he commanded 10SK, then was a tactics teacher at the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze. By September 1, the division numbered 12,000. Each rifle regiment had 3,200 men. An intense combat training was underway. However, there was a lack of mate. parts, teaching aids... The commanders and soldiers were striving for one goal - to defeat the enemy. In November, the Commission of Gen. The headquarters and a member of the Armed Forces of the PrivVO accepted the division's readiness for battles. The unit was deemed sufficiently prepared to be sent to the front. On November 25, an order was received to send in echelons to the area of Ryazhsk. On November 26, the division's echelons began to go to the front. They were ordered to take with them two refueling stations and all available ammunition. On December 1, 41. parts of 346sd numbered 12035 people, 8 122mm, 28 76mm, 6 37mm guns, 18 45mm, 18 1200, 72 50mm mortars, 8757 rifles, 108 easel, 163 light machine guns, 464ppsh, 2657 horses.
By December 1, 1 / 1164sp. Was the first to arrive in Ryazhsk. The last echelons disembarked on December 7 and 8, 41. The motorized units of 2TA Guderian broke through to this area and occupied the Pavelets station. From mid-November 41. the direction to Ryazhsk was practically open to the enemy, since between parts 50A and 3A, a large front gap was formed. The advanced motorized detachments of the enemy advanced to the railway sowing. Ryazhsk, but at the end of November they were defeated in the area of the station. Zheltukhino in parts of a fresh 84msbr moving to Moscow along the railway. On November 28, Colonel Meleev's marines from the 84th brigade knocked out the enemy's forward units also from the city of Skopin. 10 and 29md of Guderian's army, which carried out the flanking of his army, withdrew to st. Pavelets did not carry out further advance to the east. Severe frosts hit at the beginning of December 41g. fettered the activities of enemy units that did not have winter uniforms. In addition, the German command did not at all expect a strike on the hitherto calm flank of their troops. On the flank of Guderian, the Red Army command concentrated two fresh armies at once (10A and 61A).
346sd became part of 61A of Colonel General F.I. Kuznetsov. 61A included 342, 346, 350, 356, 385, 387, 391sd, 83 and 91kd. However, only the 346, 350 and 356 sd were the most well-equipped and armed. The rest of the divisions had few mortars and machine guns. In some units there was no artillery or mortars at all. Two divisions also lacked rifles. So in 83 cd for 3404 people. there were only 570 rifles and 5 machine guns. On the right side acted 342sd, on the left 350sd. By December 4, the concentrated units of the division took up defenses in the Skopin area, preparing to repel tank attacks. Fortifications were built. Reconnaissance was sent forward. Concentrating in the Shelemishevskoe-Zezyulino area, the division launched an offensive in the western direction. The German 2TA in this area operated on a wide front 10md, which occupied the defenses in the area of the station. Pavelets.
The blow of the fresh 10th and 61st armies on the right flank of the German 2TA was completely unexpected for the enemy. Part 61A launched an offensive on several. days later than 10A - December 9. The enemy, under the blows of 10A, has already begun to retreat beyond the Don River. Having mastered Pavelets, he quickly moved to the west. direction. She took Gorokhovka and Novo Aleksandrovka. Having cleared the Chernavsky area, I pursued the departing units of the 10th cbm. Under the pressure of our fresh formations, the German troops retreated beyond the Don. By December 14, she reached the Don River. The enemy retreated throwing hundreds of vehicles, ammunition depots and weapons. Having crossed the Don, divisions 61 (346 and 350sd) turned to the south-west. In the second echelon, 342dd was advancing behind 346th rifle division. On December 18, she liberated the Volovo and Teploe stations. On the line Palchikovo, Fursovo, Bolvanovo met fierce resistance from the enemy, but the enemy's defense was crushed. 7 guns and an ammunition depot were taken to Palchikovo. The captured shells opened fire on the enemy from the captured guns. By December 20, 346th infantry division approached Plavsk. Blow yo-z Plavska, the enemy's defense was broken. At the Gorbachevo station on December 21, more than 100 vehicles, trains with military equipment, fuel and ammunition depots were seized. The division intercepted the highway south of Plavsk, then spent several days at the station. Gorbachevo putting his units in order. V last days December 41 parts of the German 2TA withdrew their troops beyond the Oka and Zusha rivers where they intended to go over to tough defenses. Came out by December 27 to the river Oka between Belev and Mtsensk.
After reaching the Oka river, on January 1, she received an order to change the 350th infantry division, and the line of defense of Ukolitsa, Ivanovka, Ozerna was occupied. Having overcome the border of the river. The Oka division entered the Ukolitsa area. Here, having already suffered serious losses in the course of a prolonged offensive, the division went on the defensive. Conducting attacks took possession of NP Verkh. and Nizh. Radomka. From the end of March to August 42. occupied and strengthened a 34 km wide area of defense. On June 14, reconnaissance of the battles was carried out, during which units of the division captured the village. Zhelezinsky and captured large trophies.
Until August 42. the division took up defensive positions in the area south of Kozelsk in a sector 34 km wide. On June 14, reconnaissance was carried out in force, during which the village was recaptured from the enemy. Zhelezninsky. On August 11, German troops launched Operation Smerch at the junction of the 61st and 16th armies. On the 346sd sector, the enemy introduced 11 and 20td and 56pd. The defense of 346sd was broken through and the division, along with 350 and 387sd, was surrounded. However, the 346thsd fighters did not flinch, but in the conditions of the encirclement they continued to offer fierce resistance to the enemy. By August 27, the remnants of the division, brought together in 1166th rifle regiment, emerged from the encirclement in the Volosovo area.
After leaving the encirclement, she was directed to re-formation. From September 6 to October 24, the division was in the Tesninsky camps near Tula, where it received replenishment, mat. part and was preparing for new battles. Here the division became part of the 5TA Lieutenant General Romanenko. On October 24, she was loaded into echelons and sent together with 5TA units to the Don in the Serafimovichi area.
She arrived at the South-Western Front in early November 42. She took part in the offensive at Stalingrad, being part of the 5TA South-Western Front. In the first days of the offensive on November 19-20, it was in reserve (only the division's artillery regiment participated in the artillery preparation). 1166 SP covered the flank of the strike group advancing from the Serafimovichesky bridgehead, occupying a sector of 12 km. It attacked in the second echelon and fought in the Bol region. Donshinki with surrounded parts of the German 22td. Up to 600 were destroyed and 718 enemy soldiers and large trophies were taken prisoner.
On November 27, she made a march to the Sloboda Russkaya area. She took at the beginning of December 42. defense along the Chir River on the far right flank of 5TA. On December 16, the right-flank 3GvA went on the offensive during Operation Saturn. 346 advanced its right flank on the opposite bank of the Chir. By December 20, the defense of the Romanian-Italian grouping on the Don finally collapsed and from December 23, having entered the subordination of the 3GVA, the division began to pursue the retreating enemy units along the entire front. The enemy left Chernyshevskaya and began to retreat south along the Chir. By the end of the day, the division had advanced to Klinovoye. By the end of December 28, the division reached the Peschanka, Sivolobov line with the task of advancing together with 8KK on Chernyshkovskaya.
After several days of fighting, Chernyshkovskaya was liberated by 8KK cavalrymen. 346 advancing on the right flank of the army continued to pursue the retreating enemy units in the direction of Morozovsk. On January 5, Morozovsky was released. Huge trophies were captured at the station. By January 6, having advanced to the station. Valkovo division continued its offensive on Tatsinskaya. During January 8-14, the division fought in the Sennaya area. On January 15, the 5TA launched a general offensive on Tatsinskaya. 346sd took possession of the times. They fled and in the evening, having burst into Tatsinskaya together with the 8KK cavalrymen, cleared the station of the enemy. Pursuing the enemy, the cavalry went to the Bystraya river. Without stopping here, the Germans retreated beyond the river. North. Donets, where the division went to ref. January 18.
From January 20, 43g. 346sd began to force the North. Donets. After capturing a small bridgehead in the Kamenev region, the Germans launched fierce counter-attacks with tanks on our bridgehead. All enemy attacks were repelled and the bridgehead was held. On January 22, the 54th Guards Airborne Division was also transferred to the bridgehead, which made it possible to compact the battle formations. The division launched an offensive at height 148.5, for which fierce battles erupted. On January 24, it was withdrawn from the bridgehead and took up defenses along the eastern bank of the river.
On February 8, having surrendered its section of the 47th Guards Airborne Division, after completing a 50 km march, it concentrated in the Orekhovy area, Rosa Luxemburg. On February 14, she went on the offensive against Chernov. On February 21, the division occupied st. Kolpakovo. Having handed over its section to the 61st Guards Division on February 28 by March 2, it concentrated on the Kamyshevakh-Elizavetovka line. Here the division held the defensive position until July 11, 43.
On July 13, it was withdrawn to the reserve and became part of 54SK 51A. On July 18, the Southern Front launched an offensive on the river. Mius. Having broken through the enemy's defenses, the division went to the heights. 232.2., But by July 22, as a result of the enemy's counterattack, she was forced to retreat to its original position.
Again went on the offensive on September 1, 43g. in the direction of Shterovka-Krasnoselie. The enemy's defense was broken through and starting to pursue the enemy on September 3, the division captured a large railway. station Debaltsevo, capturing a large number of trophies. September 9, 1943 for the capture of Debaltseve division was awarded the honorary name "Debaltseve".
From September 10, she pursued the retreating enemy in the Donbas. Coming to the line, Novo-Aleksandrovka took up the defensive, after which on September 22 she was withdrawn to the reserve. By September 29, having completed the march, it concentrated in the Efimovka area in the rear of the 2GvA. Participated in breaking through the enemy's defense on the river. Dairy. It was entered into battle on October 10, replacing the 24GVSD units. After a powerful artillery barrage, it broke through the enemy's defenses and forced the river. Dairy in the Weinau region. On October 11, it was withdrawn from this area and transferred to the south of Melitopol. On October 13, she forced the river. Dairy. Having overcome the enemy's defenses on October 22, she cut the railway from Melitopol to the south-west. From October 24, going over to a decisive offensive, she pursued the retreating enemy on the way to Sivash.
Having overcome 85 km in October 30, she concentrated by the morning of November 1 to force the Sivash. The first division crossed the Sivash and provided a ferry for other 10SK units. After crossing the Sivash, it occupies a bridgehead in the area of Tarkhany, Novo-Aleksandrovka, Voinka.
At the end of January 44g. the division was replaced at the Sivash bridgehead and withdrawn to the rear for preparation. She was again transferred to the beachhead on February 28. On April 8, the Crimean operation began. 51A, which included 10SK, went over to the offensive from its bridgehead. On April 9, 346th rifle division crossed the lake. Aigulskoe (crossing by infantrymen passed waist-deep in water, only artillery was thrown by pontoons). The successful crossing of the lake and the division's breakthrough to Tomashevka ensured the breakthrough of the 19th Panzer Corps. On April 11, the division entered the operational space in the northern Crimea and continuously passing 60-80 km per day pursued the retreating Germans to the river. Belbek near Sevastopol, which I reached on April 15. Unfortunately, to immediately break into Sevastopol from the north through the station. Mekenzie failed. The division's losses in breaking through the defense on the Sivash amounted to 254 lost and 1,182 wounded. During the assault on Sevastopol from May 7 to 10, she captured the NPs of Dergachi and Lyubimovka, then fought in the southern part of Sevastopol.
On May 13, the division marched to the north and, having covered 350 km by May 25, arrived in the city of Kherson. Here, having entered the 2GVA, the division was loaded into echelons and by June 9 was transferred to the city of Yelnya. From June 9 to June 28, the division was engaged in enhanced combat training for 12 hours a day. The main topic of the lesson was offensive operations: coverage, bypass and destruction of enemy strongpoints.
On June 28, the division, as part of the 2GvA, marched behind the fronts advancing in Belarus and the Baltic states along the Yelnya, Smolensk, Sventsyany, Patsumeli route. Here, on July 28, the division entered into battle with the attacking tank units of the enemy. The German command sought to close the gap between Army Groups North and Center. Fierce defensive in the Gujun area during July 29-30, 44. the division survived with flying colors. On August 1, the enemy retreated beyond the river. Shushla failed to break through the division's defenses.
By August 5, the division was deployed sowing. Siauliaia and by August 6 approached Mitava, where it became part of 1GvSK 51A. At the end of July, the 3GVMK reached the Gulf of Riga and thus cut off the main forces of the GRA "Sever" from the main forces of the German army. The division transferred to 51A on August 9 knocked out the enemy from Temeri and Sloka on the coast of the Gulf of Riga. On August 13, she was transferred to occupy a defensive line along the river. Lielupe sowing. Mitava front to the east. The division, as well as the whole 1GvSK, was tasked with preventing the enemy from breaking through from Latvia to the west. Until August 20, the division defended the line along the river. Lielupe. On the morning of August 20, under cover of fog, the enemy began to cross the Lielupe River. Also on the coast in the area of Asari, troops were landed. The division's defense was broken. Motorized units, which broke through the defense of the left-flank 63SK on August 19, also came out to the rear of the division from the side of Tukums. In these conditions, the division was forced to abandon its defensive line and leave the encirclement to the south. By August 21, the division withdrew to the western area. Mitava. Thus, the German troops managed to restore a narrow corridor along the Gulf of Riga with the "Sever" GRA, but the enemy could not fail to return Mitava and expand the corridor that had formed. If on August 20 the division numbered 5327 people, then by August 24 the number of the division was reduced to 2967 people .. Artillery losses were: 11 122mm guns, 33 76mm guns, 24 45mm guns and almost all mortars (that is, almost all the artillery of the division was lost). More than 800 people from the surrounded units of 346th rifle division and other formations at the beginning of September 44g. were withdrawn by a specially directed reconnaissance group from the Tyrelyu-Purvz swamps in the rear of the enemy to the location of 347th brigade.
After leaving the encirclement, the division was withdrawn to the second echelon to put itself in order, and then, as part of 60SK and 1GvSK, occupied the defense of the sowing. Mitava. On October 3, having surrendered her site, she marched to the Mitskiškiai region. October 5, 1PribF launched the Memel Offensive. 346sd concentrated in the second echelon and on October 7 was introduced to the created breakthrough. By October 11, the division entered the area of the station. Yeechi (southern Libava), where it was stopped by the intensified resistance of the enemy. Again went on the offensive in late October - early November 44g .. but failed to break through the enemy's defenses.
December 22, 44 was subjected to a powerful attack by motorized German units, which managed to break through the division's defenses. Some of the rifle battalions were surrounded and fought their way to the south. During December 23-24, several more enemy attacks were repelled, after which the division was withdrawn to the second echelon. Again she attacked the Kurland enemy grouping at the end of January 45. in the Kalnishti area. A bridgehead was captured on the river. Bart, but the offensive had no further success. At the beginning of February, it was again withdrawn to the corps reserve, and then to the Pozhera area as part of the 14th rifle corps of front-line subordination of the 2nd Baltic Front, from April as part of the Byelorussian-Lithuanian Military District.
At the end of April, she was transferred in echelons to Eastern Pomerania, where she became part of the 2nd Belorussian Front, but she no longer participated in hostilities being in the front reserve. I met the victory in the area of Heirinhsru.
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War diary of K. Ya. Nayakshin
It seems that the fate of Professor Nayakshin was predetermined in advance by some higher powers. He was born in 1900 in Tatarstan. The same age as the 20th century, he went through all the cataclysms of history with him. Moreover, K. Ya. Nayakshin, honorable Sir Samara, born on October 25, old style. His whole life was connected with the October events. After graduating from the parish school, he worked as an upholsterer in the craft workshop of Naberezhnye Chelny, and also sang in church choir... He supported the coming to power of the Bolsheviks and joined the Red Army. In the 20s he continued his studies, received a university education. Was at party and Soviet work, gave lectures at the Samara Pedagogical Institute, as well as at the Agricultural Institute. Was carried away by antiquity and wrote a thesis on history Ancient rome... For this I read on Latin primary sources.
During collectivization, he was sent by party bodies to the Volga villages as an agitator. Participated in suppressing the unrest of the peasants. The family several times considered him murdered. In one of the villages there is a monument, where on a plate among those killed at the hands of kulaks you can read his name. But he did not die, as the fate of Kuzma Nayakshin was different.
Since 1937 he was suspended from work. Like many other potential victims of Stalinism, he fished under the Vilonovsky Spusk. There were many people like him, unemployed, at first - hundreds, but every month their number was melting. Article 58 worked and found new victims. K. Ya. Nayakshin was in demand by the Soviet authorities only after the invasion of Hitler's troops into the territory of the USSR.
War notes 1941-1943 We have recently discovered Kuzma Yakovlevich Nayakshin:
History lover Stanislav Shanko helped to read and decipher them. The diaries are published for the first time.
So, the diary of Major K. Nayakshin. The beginning of a brutal war. The entries are laconic. No time to write. And only in moments of calm was it easier and more to write. He did not embellish the war, death and machine-gun bursts were just everyday details. Someone behaved with dignity. Someone could not stand it. But the strong went ahead, such as Nayakshin. And there were many of them. It was they who led the country to Victory.
June 22, 1941 Sunday. We were going to the dacha. We walked with Vasily Zakharovich Smirnov and heard VM Molotov's speech on the radio. The war with the Germans has become a fact. I decided to immediately join in active defensive work.
June 1941 Wrote articles "The Patriotic War of 1812", "Partisans of 1812". He joined the lecturer bureau of the regional committee of the CPSU (b).
July 1941 I wrote articles. I went to Privolzhsky, Radishchevsky, Syzransky, Novo-Buyansky and other districts with lectures on the Patriotic War.
August 17, 1941 Summoned to the regional committee. Just returned from a trip to the Syzran region. He lectured at the Batraki station. August 19 to the military registration and enlistment office.
August 21, 1941 We are going to Volsk. Meeting with a friend I.F.Savich - to form a division. Meeting with Abush. I got to know Polienko, Meshcheryakov and others.
August 23, 1941 Volsk. Cold barracks. - We sleep side by side. We are the first and main group of political workers. We go swimming, ate watermelons before being sent to the troops. We will form the 346th rifle division. I have been appointed senior instructor for radio propaganda of the enemy troops.
September 1941 The troops were received. People from the Saratov region; from Tataria - political fighters; from Donbass - junior commanders.
September 14, 1941. Artillerymen had 915 artillery regiments, 1166 and 1164 rifle regiments. We took the oath. Solemnly. He got to know the divisional commander Davydovsky and the commissar Kotov better. The division commander is a wonderful person, the commissar is petty. Shchepkin, the chief of food, is dry, it seems, is a careerist.
End of September 1941. Daily trips to the unit. Started to study German... We drank with Aleksandrov. Starley Mironov is tired. We got rid of him. Savich is with us. Good conversation with Abush.
October 1941 Heavy campaigns - mud, cold, rain and did not sleep or eat for three days.
November 7, 1941 Blizzard. He celebrated the holiday in the 1166 rifle regiment. Wonderful Party organizer Afanasyev and Commissar Trifonov. We drank. Peskishev was there, went to visit the telephone operators. We walked through the dugouts, talked with the soldiers.
November 21, 1941 They raised the alarm at 4 o'clock in the morning. The order is to speak. Afternoon loading. The division commander wanted to scold me for not loading the stoves, but did not. I went with the first echelon of the 1164th rifle regiment (commissar Shakurov). Up to 26 on the road.
November 26, 1941 Alexander Nevsky station. Broken, there was a raid, there are victims. In the evening the city of Ryazhsk, unloading. We went on a hike. We took up the defense. We dug trenches. I walked, talked, swore, hurried.
November 27, 1941 We moved forward.
November 28, 1941 Combat order to go to Askol. The 1st battalion of the 1164th rifle regiment left ... I went there. He arrested the scout platoon commander - he was drunk and threatened the commissioner. We took up defense in the city.
November 29, 1941 Battle order - with the second battalion of the 1164th rifle regiment with Captain Sorokin to occupy Paveletsk. First losses. The Germans literally shit ... the station is destroyed.
November 30, 1941 We go to Gorchivo. The Germans are burning everything. They were shooting from the cannons. Borrowed locality... The Germans managed to escape in 30 minutes, took 230 cars and other property. Captain Sorokin was replaced, he arrived drunk, a quarrel. Together with the 1166 rifle regiment, they captured scouts, a car, killed six, and four were taken prisoner. I tried to talk to the prisoners: Czechs and Germans are different people.
December 5, 1941 Moving forward. Were in Cernava. The night of December 5 is a terrible night. They cheated with Captain Zaitsev - they almost got to the Germans. How many times have you fallen. The car drove into a ravine.
December 6, 1941 The offensive began on Novo-Mikhailovskoye. I with 1166 rifle regiment, occupied the burning village. The village of Semyonovka and its surroundings - everything was burnt. Troops are drawn into powder smoke zones. Fire, rain, slush, ice.
December 1941 We occupied a number of villages and villages. We went with Abush to rest. Shchepkin followed.
December 16, 1941 The battle for Volovo - the Germans managed to escape. They seized a car with the Germans, a lot of trophies. The commissar of the 1168th rifle regiment, Terekhov, is a hoarder.
December 17, 1941 In the "commissarovka" the commander of the 1166 rifle regiment beat the supply platoon commander, I arrested this supply officer. People are hungry, and he is drunk. Let's go ahead.
On December 20, 1941, the Tula-Moscow, Meshcheryaki, and Baburine highways were occupied at Molochny Dvorikov.
December 21, 1941 Battle for Teploe. I am again with the 1168 rifle regiment. We took this station.
December 23, 1941 The battle for Gorbachevo. We occupied this large junction station. Restored Soviet power. As in Tepliy, he himself appointed the managers and the chairman. The villages are on fire, the elevator is on fire. We go forward to the Oka.
December 30, 1941 Battle on the Oka. The Germans dug in deeply. Big sacrifices. The wounded in the barn. Unloading, mobilization of people and supply.
December 31, 1941 In the 1166 rifle regiment. Peskishev, Dyadina - in the forest, celebrated the New Year. We congratulated each other. Volley "Katyusha". Blizzard. The battle for the village of Fedyashevo began. They took it. At 4 o'clock - to the apartment. We drank for the New Year. There were Kravchenko, Lukin.
On January 1, 1942, Shchepkin came to fetch me. Peskishev asked to leave. A good conversation with the regiment commander by the straw stove about the nature of the battles.
January 2, 1942 Heavy battles near Typichevo, Khmelevets, Bedrishchevo, Fedyashevo .. Late at night - one came to the political department across an open field by the moon. Sasha Izyumov told the terrible news - Abush died. On the straw in the corner, I turned away from everyone and cried. Abush was a rare person, an intelligent, stern, loyal comrade, a Bolshevik.
January 3, 1942 Again, unsuccessful battles. The foreman was killed. Savich behaved well in battle. He mobilized people to attack. They took Tolkachevo, but got caught in the crossfire. Tanks. Forced to retreat. Victims.
January 4, 1942 Heavy fighting again in the morning. He walked in a chain with soldiers under fire from artillery and machine guns. Night. The young battalion commander lost control. I had to play the role of a liaison. Corrected the connection. Political instructor Gorbachev fought heroically hand-to-hand. We went back to their original positions.
5, 6 January 1942 Again fighting, but unsuccessful.
January 7, 1942 Moving through Belyaev. Bath. Colonel Zinoviev - Chief of Staff, from drunken eyes led to the front line, almost to the Germans.
January 8, 1942 To Gryn. Terrible battles near the village of Gryn. Krotov and his battalion were killed. The whole village was burned down. Kapustin behaved firmly. The signalman in the hut kept repeating: "Saturn". There is no connection. Piles of the dead, Fire, blizzard. We visited the divisional commander and the army commander - a request to go to him, since the Germans are two kilometers away, and I have 7 people in the guard of the headquarters, seated under apple trees in the snow. The Germans are firing mortar fire. Tough day.
January 9-11, 1942 Days of battles for Gryn. They took the territory where the village was - not a single house. The barn is half-broken. Night. There are corpses all around. The signalman in the corner breaks down, shouts: "Saturn 2nd!" "Saturn 2nd!" ... But "Saturn" is silent. Krotov's battalion is destroyed. Krotov himself died. Kapustin behaved heroically: he, hiding behind corpses, fired. Shot through his overcoat in several places and the holster too. Dry, tall, weathered - he is somehow extraordinary at these moments. Savich with me. On the troubled night of January 10, he suggested, at my request, to the division commander Davydovsky and the army commander Popov to immediately leave the village, since there were Germans nearby.
11 January 1942 They brought a captured German - his head is tied with a woman's scarf, the chief corporal, no greatcoat, the machine gun is broken. He stretches to the string. Thug. They sent me to the headquarters. They fell into the hands of the "entourage" ... It is clear from everything that the unscrupulous, cowardly, lie. I beat one, he was lying too brazenly, and besides, he was confusing. We moved towards Zheleznitsa.
January 12, 1942 Battle of Zheleznitsa. Shchepkin gathered political workers. I am extremely dissatisfied that political workers are killed and injured a little, arguing that they do not go to the front lines. Fool and bastard! With the group of Belovodov went Pakhomov - a nice dapper guy - killed. An hour later, the commissar of the 1164th rifle regiment, Shakurov, was killed. They took the iron-box, but gave it back. There is no one to keep.
January 13, 1942 Battle for Zheleznitsa.
January 14, 1942 I am leaving for the regiment to Peskishev, Vinogradov's battalion. He goes to Leonovo, I stay in Ozerinskoye with Peskishev.
January 15, 1942 In the morning, Vinogradov's battalion was defeated, he himself was wounded, the remnants of the battalion in Ozerinskoye. An hour and a half later, 4 German tanks near Ozerinsky were firing at houses and a square. The wagon train started to run. I had to stop with a revolver. Concentrated in a ravine. Heavy mortar fire, then from tanks, German infantry breaks through. We lie in the snow - a tank 200 meters away. The explosion was deafened, the soldiers pulled out, put in a sleigh, woke up in the village. Trivia. The shard touched the arm and side. Bandaged in 1168 rifle regiment. After many sleepless nights, he fell asleep dead in Shchepkin's apartment. He took over the regiment after the deaths of Shakurov, Afanasyev, Abush and many others. He began to understand, and, most importantly, to be afraid that nothing would be easy and simple.
January 16, 1942 Germans attack Ozerinskoe. Tanks again in the village set fire to houses, shoot at point-blank range. Peskishev went out against them with bottles, struck by four bullets. How I loved this simple, rough, abrupt soul. The regiment commander was wounded. Ozerinsky was defended.
January 17, 1942 Peskishev was buried in the village of Gostkovo.
January 18-25, 1942 We moved with our belongings closer to Sorochinsk. An attack on the village of Teplye with the remnants of the division's forces. Lieutenant Glinkov, deputy. political instructor Khadzhimuratov fought desperately with 18 fighters, all were killed, but the Germans were not allowed a step. Heroic feat. The fearless medical instructor became the squad leader. 7 people held back the enemy, repelling attacks from entire companies. Terrible nights in the village of Nogaya. Around the dense forests and in them the Germans. There are not many of us. The shelves are already depleted. We must go to Volkhov. We are moving. Together with Zaitsev, they organized defense throughout the village. I organize everything myself - I pull those who climbed onto the stove to warm up. I swear, although I know that people are immensely tired. But here's the order - to leave. Unfortunately, he parted with Zaitsev forever - wonderful, kind, reliable.
On January 25-31, 1942, they attacked the village of Ivanovka 18 times, but could not take it. We have little artillery fire, the Divisional Commander swore - why do I and Savich here, under fire.
February 1-6, 1942 In Sorokino we receive replenishment from the collective farmers of the Smolensk and Tulsk regions. They are not prepared, but must be thrown into battle immediately. Many die because of poor training. I am going for replenishment to Belets, the scandal with the 387th Infantry Division, I get 700 people at once, I line them up on the outskirts of the streets. German planes are firing. There is no mercy. I leave 20 people in cars, the rest on foot. They are collected slowly. Polienko sends them to the shelves in batches.
February 7, 1942 Night at Polienko's. Popov intervened, said - Schepkin was recalled. Kapustin will be the boss. - I will be his deputy. Even so, I'm not chasing ranks.
February 8, 1942 In Ukolitsa I am taking on a new position. Essentially the same, although there is more responsibility. I look through directives and other papers.
February 9-28, 1942 Belovodov with 70 soldiers heroically defended the lines. 7 days and 7 nights. Continuous battles - during the day they will move 100 meters - at night again forward. We fought well. Andrusenko (nachkhim) began to fight. He's not a bad commander, not a chhim. Polienko drinks. Alexandrov was wounded. Savich caught a cold. Now Kapustin took a deep breath. We live three together. Volodya cooks wonderfully. We cannot share the horses in any way. Finally, we agreed: Kapustin - bay, Savich - black, and me - mine. We go to Bolkhov. 7 kilometers left. We were tired and could not take the city. In essence, this is active defense. On February 22, he received a medal "For Courage". The workers of the political department handed over.
March 1942 Trips to the unit, meetings, reports. Karpenko and Yevtushenko live side by side and drink at lunchtime.
April 1942 Evicted residents of Ukolitsa in 24 hours himself. It is raining heavily. Kapustin fell from Pulka's horse, she broke her leg. They ordered to cut, we defended. Survived. Difficulty with food, going to the army. People's Commissar Pavlov brought in something worthless. Dirt, no roads. Polienko received a severe reprimand. They were going to judge - I defended. "Units in defense. Nutrition began to improve.
May 1942 We traveled well with Lubyanov. He set up a bathhouse in the forest. The Germans, three hundred meters away, play Vadim Kozin's gramophone every day: "Let's shake hands and go on a long journey for many years ..."
June 1942 We left for the forest. The dugouts are landscaped. Savich and I are in our hut. Does not spill. Kapustin is nearby. You can live, only your soul is restless. German planes bomb a little every night. Artillery fire daily.
July 1942 Preparing to celebrate the division. They wrote her story with Alexandrov. It turned out nothing. The division commander and Popov approved. I'm on my way to see Lieutenant General Belov and Dubrovsky to sign documents on awarding the regiments. They received it well. I'm going to the headquarters of Zhukov, Bulganin, Makarov. Accepts Makarov, although he is ill. We contact Bulganin. They promise support, I leave the documents. I spend the night in Maly Yaroslavets and drive back. In Tula, the fuel is running out, I got it with great difficulty. It's hard on the fronts in the south.
August 1942 The first days are ordinary. The command post is now in the ravine - in the field. I go there every day. They shoot all around. The whole Prick is on fire. So it has come. 4 hours 55 minutes on August 11, the Germans launched an artillery offensive - devilish fire. Tanks went to Belovodov up to 200. Junkers - up to 80. Bombing, hell all around. Belovodov's regiment was crushed. The Germans are walking, you can see how everything is burning around. I'm at the command post, next to Popov, Kapustin (Savich at a meeting in the army). Aleksandrov went off to watch the Germans go. The earth trembles. Order to retreat. The Germans are approaching the village of Sorokino. There is no connection with Lubtsov and Lukin. They are already surrounded. The Junkers smashed all our artillery, only one howitzer remained, with 14 rounds for it. That's all. Popov ordered to immediately take all the staff documents and files. I get into a passenger car. The mail hesitated and remained with the Germans. Through the ring of gaps I got to the rear. There is complacency. They give the order - to load, to go, what cannot be captured - to burn. Polienko arrived. German tanks are already nearby. I headed out onto a forest road. The gap. The car is hit - the driver is in one direction, I am running in the other direction. At the turn, our horses are on them. Planes are being bombed. The horses were killed. I run out onto another road. Our howitzer is being dragged there. I ran half a kilometer. A previously stuck editorial car is catching up - I'm in it. Oh hell, the whole train drove into the forest and got stuck. I saw the "wounded". A tribunal awaits them (for cross-fire - ed.). The division commander drove onto the road by car. The German is bombing at the tail of the retreating column. There is impassable mud in the forest, carts and cars are dragging on themselves. When leaving the forest, I give the order to stop, set up a defensive detachment, the young Uchbazites run away in panic anyway. I drive up to Karpenko and Yevtushenko. We decided to keep the defense near the village of Kulikovo, to expose all the living. There were up to 300 people. I appointed Karpenko as commander, Yevtushenko as commissar. He ordered the rear to be withdrawn into the forest for 4 kilometers. We did not sleep at night. It was restless.
August 12, 1942 Savich returned easier. Terekhov came, but without people - suspicious. Some of the entourage got there one by one. They formed detachments - three battalions, appointed commanders and political workers. Karpenko - in Kulikovo. Yevtushenko is in a ravine, I'm with him. Visited the rear. The Germans are advancing all over the site. The villages are burning. The Germans entered the Sukhinichi - Kaluga railway line. Delay at any cost! Kulikovo holds on, but we are in a semi-circle. Across the river, the Germans are in our rear, bypassing the forest. Difficult. I spoke to the headquarters. They do not know the details, and they are generally not in the know. General Samfin arrived. They reported. He looked and left. Belov promised a tank brigade. The situation is more and more critical with each passing hour. And then they came from the chefs, brought in everything. The secretary of the district committee arrived, the workers are wonderful people, but at the wrong time. We thanked them for their gifts. They understand our position without words. Pale, alarmed, they somehow spent the night, and we asked them to leave, thanking them. Karpenko fights desperately near Kulikovo. Sent to his aid the former commander of the 66th Infantry Regiment. The Germans surrounded his headquarters. Fought back. Tanks are buzzing. We are a bunch of people, and the direction is very important. Hold!
August 1942 Tank brigade Petrova came. Petrov took command of the site. He boasted - I'll show you how to fight. The tanks were pulled into a forest road, into impassable mud. At night, the Germans set fire to 27 tanks. Petrov was wounded - confused. We are alone again. With Yevtushenko we are going to the approached rifle regiment (1151). We inform. It got easier as they covered our left flank.
August 17, 1942 At last I felt better. Oh, those nights in the woods, on the roads, in a semi-circle, without serious forces, and German tanks are nearby. We did not sleep with Savich for four nights. The 3rd Panzer Corps and the 251st Rifle Division arrived. We handed over the site. We are going with the whole division. There were 1918 people out of 10,000 left. 4,600 soldiers were killed, the rest is unknown where, possibly surrounded. The division commander Popov died, the wonderful Kapustin died, the fate of the entire staff is not known. Attributed to the 16th Army of Rokossovsky. From there they were redirected to the 50th Army. Lubyanov returned. Wonderful. He behaved heroically. Aleksandrov, again wounded, arrived. He is not afraid, perhaps even has no fear! The wonderful Fishko and a number of others, almost all political instructors and party organizers, perished. Belovodov returned. All are brought together in one detachment. Commissioner of a hundred Lubyans. We saved the regiment number. We are in the village, the regiment is fighting. Bad fame has gone. As if we retreated from the area, allegedly abandoned the Ukolitsa. Yes, the fate is unenviable. We could not resist when half of the people died, there were no cannons and machine guns, they were defeated. There is no ammunition, but the Germans have hundreds of tanks, dozens of aircraft and motorized infantry. But our people did not leave, they remained surrounded and heroically, making their way, almost everyone died. Is it possible to scold people for the fact that they remained alive, having done everything possible and impossible? I come to Lubyanov's. Forest. There is a battle, the killed Germans are lying around. No, Lubyanov and the soldiers did not disappoint. When our fighters were seen in action, they began to say differently. The cavalrymen themselves drifted, and the corps commander declared gratitude to ours, set them up as an example for his units. A new order is again sent to the 61st regiment, we are going under Belev. Anchishkin arrived. An intelligent man with erudition, with vast experience in party work. We quickly agreed, even Savich obeyed. We live in the village, we put ourselves in order. We calculate what is and what is not. I have left - in what I jumped out of the wrecked car - a uniform, an overcoat and a cap. Even before Anchishkin's arrival, Polienko and I gathered all the officers, we set tasks - to comprehend what happened. We suppress rumors. At this moment Skalovsky was like snow on his head. I am glad, because he is a serious commander, an artilleryman, knowledgeable. He was given the command of a division, or rather, I instructed him as a senior. Karpenko and Yevtushenko are offended, since they again remained in the same positions with their regiment.
September 1942 An unexpected order - to the location of the main headquarters. We are loading, we are going to Tula, we are looking - Michurinsk. Sent to the Tishinskie camps, essentially a rest. Meetings, meetings. Colonel Komiluchovsky was warmed up. For cowardice they sent me to the penal battalion.
September 15, 1942 Again to Plavsk. They settled in the villages. We receive replenishment. Unfolded the work. A new divisional commander arrived - fat, I don't like it. A new commissar has arrived - an uncivilized man. It got bored. We are part of the 5th Panzer Army,
October 1942 I went to see Ushakov, the head of the Fifth Tank Army. Telegram from Bet Supreme Commander-in-Chief... They are withdrawing. I'm going.
October 26, 1942 From Shipov, near the town of Efremov, I am going and going to the 15th Air Force. I have no idea about aviation. The furnishings are quarrelsome and dirty. Oh, it's worse here than here. But nothing. I am going on a business trip to the 71st Aviation Battalion, on the way I took my things from the former duty station in Plavsk. I saw Belovodov - they said goodbye warmly. And here's the joy - Savich is here. We had lunch. We talked. It became sad. Goodbye. Now that's it - I'm not in the 346th Rifle Division. I am going to new places, to a new environment, to new strangers - to the aviators.
November 1942 The terrible month of Stalingrad. Surcharge in aviation regiments 176th Aviation Division - one motive - to survive. At first, the pilots treat the surcharge with coolness, and then refuse, as do the infantry. This is unusual.
December 1942 I am going home on a business trip. Here it is, a military country. They live hard at home, as expected, but cheerfully, and this is the main thing. I visited the Kruglovs, Gavrilov - they are holding on well. Young people feel uncomfortable. They are cowardly before the war and are ashamed to be at home, they work badly, since everyone is absorbed in the production of food. In the bakery store (corner of L. Tolstoy and Chapaevskaya) the line starts from Krasnoarmeiskaya. They have been standing since 4 in the morning, writing numbers on their palms. Many do not get bread anyway. Oh, and I don't want to go back to the front, but I have to. I'll get there in January 1943.
Further, as part of the units of the 1st Belorussian Front K. Ya.Nayakshin participated in Battle of Kursk... He fought to the western border of the USSR, liberated Poland. He ended the war in Berlin and was sent to the responsible post of commandant of the city of Magdeburg. Having given four years of his life to fight against German troops, he became at the origins of the formation of a new peaceful Germany. After demobilization, Kuzma Yakovlevich was engaged in teaching in Samara, wrote many books on the history of the region, until the end of his days he retained his love for nature, for fishing. In 1982, he was accidentally pushed on an iron staircase, ultimately causing his death. The country began to prepare for renewal and restructuring. The old cadres, saturated with Bolshevism and Leninism, turned out to be like a bone in the throat. The fate of many was sealed.
