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| Oral topic in English with translation. Peter I the Great. Oral topic in English with translation of Peter 1 in English |
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More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for the word «PETER THE GREAT» in dictionaries.
Translation and meaning of PETER THE FIRST in English and Russiansee suck off a dead mustang English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon, Russian names. English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon and Russian names. 2012
More meanings of the word and translation of PETER THE FIRST from English into Russian in English-Russian dictionaries and from Russian into English in Russian-English dictionaries.More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for the word «PETER THE FIRST» in dictionaries.
Peter I Alekseevich is the last Tsar of All Russia and the first All-Russian Emperor, one of the most prominent rulers of the Russian Empire. He was a true patriot of his state and did everything possible for its prosperity. From his youth, Peter I showed great interest in different things, and was the first of the Russian tsars who made a long journey through the countries of Europe. Thanks to this, he was able to accumulate a wealth of experience and carry out many important reforms that determined the direction of development in the 18th century. In this article, we will take a closer look at the features of Peter the Great, and pay attention to the features of his personality, as well as success in the political arena. Biography of Peter 1Peter 1 Alekseevich Romanov was born on May 30, 1672 in. His father, Alexei Mikhailovich, was the Tsar of the Russian Empire, and ruled it for 31 years. Mother, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, was the daughter of a small estate nobleman. Interestingly, Peter was the 14th son of his father and the first of his mother. Childhood and youth of Peter IWhen the future emperor was 4 years old, his father Alexei Mikhailovich died, and Peter's older brother, Fedor 3 Alekseevich, was on the throne. The new king took up the education of little Peter, ordering him to be taught various sciences. Since at that time there was a struggle against foreign influence, his teachers were Russian clerks who did not have deep knowledge. As a result, the boy failed to receive a proper education, and until the end of his days he wrote with errors. However, it is worth noting that Peter 1 managed to compensate for the shortcomings of basic education with rich practical exercises. Moreover, the biography of Peter I is notable precisely for his fantastic practice, and not for theory. History of Peter 1Six years later, Fedor 3 died, and his son Ivan was to ascend the Russian throne. However, the legitimate heir turned out to be a very sickly and weak child. Taking advantage of this, the Naryshkin family, in fact, organized a coup. Enlisting the support of Patriarch Joachim, the Naryshkins made young Peter the Tsar the very next day.  26-year-old Peter I. Kneller's portrait was presented by Peter in 1698 to the English king However, the Miloslavskys, relatives of Tsarevich Ivan, declared the illegality of such a transfer of power and the infringement of their own rights. As a result, in 1682, the famous Streltsy rebellion took place, as a result of which 2 tsars, Ivan and Peter, were on the throne at the same time. From that moment on, many significant events took place in the biography of the young autocrat. It is worth emphasizing here that from an early age the boy was fond of military affairs. By his order, fortifications were built, and real military equipment was involved in staged battles. Peter 1 put on uniforms for his peers and marched along the city streets with them. Interestingly, he himself acted as a drummer, walking ahead of his regiment. After the formation of his own artillery, the king created a small "fleet". Even then, he wanted to dominate the sea and lead his ships into battle. Tsar Peter 1As a teenager, Peter 1 could not yet fully manage the state, so his half-sister Sofya Alekseevna, and then his mother Natalya Naryshkina, served as regent under him. In 1689, Tsar Ivan officially transferred all power to his brother, as a result of which Peter 1 became the only full-fledged head of state.
After the death of his mother, his relatives Naryshkins helped him manage the empire. However, soon the autocrat freed himself from their influence and began to independently rule the empire. The reign of Peter 1Since that time, Peter 1 stopped playing war games, and instead began to develop real plans for future military campaigns. He continued to wage war in the Crimea against, and also repeatedly organized the Azov campaigns. As a result, he managed to take the fortress of Azov, which was one of the first military successes in his biography. Then Peter 1 took up the construction of the port of Taganrog, although the state, as such, still did not have a fleet. From that time on, the emperor set out to create a strong fleet at all costs in order to have influence on the sea. To do this, he made sure that young nobles could learn ship craft in European countries. It is worth noting that Peter I himself also learned to build ships, working as an ordinary carpenter. Thanks to this, he received great respect among ordinary people who watched him work for the good of Russia. Even then, Peter the Great saw many shortcomings in the state system and was preparing for serious reforms that would forever inscribe his name in. He studied the state structure of the largest European countries, trying to learn from them all the best. During this period of biography, a conspiracy was drawn up against Peter 1, as a result of which a streltsy uprising was to occur. However, the king managed to suppress the rebellion in time and punish all the conspirators. After a long confrontation with Ottoman Empire Peter the Great decided to sign a peace agreement with her. After that, he started a war with. He managed to capture several fortresses at the mouth of the Neva River, on which the glorious city of Peter the Great will be built in the future -. Wars of Peter the GreatAfter a series of successful military campaigns, Peter 1 managed to open an exit to, which would later be called a "window to Europe." Meanwhile, the military power of the Russian Empire was constantly growing, and the fame of Peter the Great was carried throughout Europe. Soon, the Eastern Baltic was annexed to Russia.
In 1709, the famous took place, in which the Swedish and Russian armies fought. As a result, the Swedes were completely defeated, and the remnants of the troops were taken prisoner. By the way, this battle was beautifully described in the famous poem "Poltava". Here is a snippet:
It is worth noting that Peter 1 himself participated in the battles, showing courage and courage in battle. By his example, he inspired the Russian army, which was ready to fight for the emperor to the last drop of blood. Studying the relationship of Peter with the soldiers, one cannot help but recall famous story about a careless soldier. More about it. An interesting fact is that at the height of the Battle of Poltava, an enemy bullet shot through Peter I's hat, passing a few centimeters from his head. This once again proved the fact that the autocrat was not afraid to risk his life for the sake of defeating the enemy. However, numerous military campaigns not only took the lives of valiant warriors, but also depleted the military resources of the country. It got to the point where the Russian Empire found herself in a situation where it was required to fight simultaneously on 3 fronts. This forced Peter 1 to reconsider his views on foreign policy and make a number of important decisions. He signed a peace agreement with the Turks, agreeing to give them back the fortress of Azov. Having made such a sacrifice, he was able to save many human lives and military equipment. Some time later, Peter the Great began to organize campaigns to the east. Their result was the accession to Russia of such cities as Semipalatinsk and.
Interestingly, he even wanted to organize military expeditions to North America and India, but these plans never came true. But Peter the Great was able to brilliantly conduct the Caspian campaign against Persia, having conquered Derbent, Astrabad and many fortresses. After his death most of conquered territories was lost because their maintenance was not beneficial for the state. Reforms of Peter 1Throughout his biography, Peter 1 implemented many reforms aimed at the benefit of the state. Interestingly, he became the first Russian ruler to call himself emperor. The most important reforms in terms of significance concerned military affairs. In addition, it was during the reign of Peter 1 that the church began to obey the state, which had never happened before.
The reforms of Peter the Great contributed to the development and trade, as well as the departure from the outdated way of life. For example, he taxed the wearing of a beard, wanting to impose European standards of appearance on the boyars. And although this caused a wave of discontent on the part of the Russian nobility, they nevertheless obeyed all his decrees. Every year, medical, maritime, engineering and other schools were opened in the country, in which not only the children of officials, but also ordinary peasants could study. Peter 1 introduced a new Julian calendar, which is still used today. While in Europe, the tsar saw many beautiful paintings that struck his imagination. As a result, upon arrival in his homeland, he began to provide financial support to artists in order to stimulate the development of Russian culture. In fairness, it must be said that Peter 1 was often criticized for the violent method of implementing these reforms. In fact, he forcibly forced people to change their thinking, as well as to carry out the projects he had conceived. One of the most striking examples of this is the construction of St. Petersburg, which was carried out in the most difficult conditions. Many people could not stand such loads and ran away. Then the families of the fugitives were imprisoned and stayed there until the perpetrators returned back to the construction site.  Peter I Soon Peter 1 formed an organ of political investigation and court, which was transformed into the Secret Chancellery. Any person was forbidden to write in closed rooms. If anyone knew about such a violation and did not report it to the king, he was subjected to the death penalty. Using such harsh methods, Peter tried to fight against anti-government conspiracies. Personal life of Peter 1In his youth, Peter 1 liked to be in the German Quarter, enjoying foreign society. It was there that he first saw the German Anna Mons, with whom he immediately fell in love. The mother was against his relationship with the German, so she insisted that he marry Evdokia Lopukhina. An interesting fact is that Peter did not argue with his mother, and married Lopukhina. Of course, in this forced marriage, their family life could not be called happy. They had two boys: Alexei and Alexander, the last of whom died in early childhood. Alexei was to become the legitimate heir to the throne after Peter the Great. However, due to the fact that Evdokia tried to overthrow her husband from the throne and transfer power to her son, everything turned out completely differently. Lopukhina was imprisoned in a monastery, and Alexei had to flee abroad. It is worth noting that Alexei himself never approved of his father's reforms, and even called him a despot.  Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei. Ge N. N., 1871 In 1717, Alexei was found and arrested, and then sentenced to death for participating in a conspiracy. However, he died while still in prison, and under very mysterious circumstances. Having dissolved the marriage with his wife, in 1703 Peter the Great became interested in the 19-year-old Katerina (nee Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya). A stormy romance began between them, which lasted for many years. Over time, they got married, but even before marriage, she gave birth to daughters Anna (1708) and Elizabeth (1709) from the emperor. Elizabeth later became Empress (reigned 1741-1761) Katerina was a very smart and insightful girl. She alone managed to calm the king with the help of kindness and patience when he had acute attacks of headache.  Peter I with the sign of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called on a blue St. Andrew's ribbon and a star on his chest. J.-M. Nattier, 1717 Officially, they got married only in 1712. After that, they had 9 more children, most of whom died at an early age. Peter the Great truly loved Katerina. In her honor, the Order of St. Catherine was established and a city in the Urals was named. The Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo (built under her daughter Elizabeth Petrovna) also bears the name of Catherine I. Soon, another woman, Maria Cantemir, appeared in the biography of Peter 1, who remained the favorite of the emperor until the end of his life. It is worth noting that Peter the Great was very tall - 203 cm. At that time, he was considered a real giant, and was head and shoulders above everyone else. However, the size of his feet did not match his height at all. The autocrat wore shoes of size 39 and was very narrow in the shoulders. As an additional support, he always carried a cane with him, on which he could lean. Death of PeterDespite the fact that outwardly Peter 1 seemed to be a very strong and healthy person, in fact he suffered from migraine attacks throughout his life. IN last years In his life, kidney stones also began to torment him, to which he tried not to pay attention. At the beginning of 1725, the pains became so severe that he could no longer get out of bed. His health deteriorated every day, and the suffering became unbearable. Peter 1 Alekseevich Romanov died on January 28, 1725 in the Winter Palace. The official cause of his death was pneumonia.  Bronze Horseman- a monument to Peter I on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg However, an autopsy showed that death was due to inflammation of the bladder, which soon developed into gangrene. Peter the Great was buried in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, and his wife Catherine 1 became the heir to the Russian throne. If you liked the biography of Peter 1 - share it on social networks. If you like biographies of great people in general, and in particular - subscribe to the site. It's always interesting with us! Liked the post? Press any button. Peter I was born on May 30, 1672. Among Peter's tutors were Patrick Gordon, Nikita Zotov and Paul Menesius. This process was commissioned by Tsar Alexis I. In 1676 Tsar Alexis I died. As a result the power was left to Feodor III who was Peter's elder half-brother. He died in 1682 and there were not his descendants. consequently there was a conflict for power between the Miloslavsky and Naryshkin families. Other half-brother of Peter, Ivan V, was heir to the throne but his health declined. As a result at the age of ten Peter became Tsar chosen by the Boyar Duma.Peter was interested in shipping and shipbuilding. He was a tall man and his height was about 200 cm. He did not have square shoulders and his feet and hands were small. Moreover, Peter's head was small for his figure. In accordance with his mother's desire Peter married. The marriage was in 1689 and Eudoxia Lopukhina became his wife. 10 years later the marriage broke down and Peter's wife became a nun.In 1689 the power was in the hands of Peter's half-sister Sophia. Because of two ineffective Crimean campaigns her authority was undermined and Peter planned to take power. Peter could become an independent ruler only in 1694 when his mother died. Officially there were two rulers: Peter and Ivan V. In 1696 Peter became the absolute ruler when Ivan V died.On 19 August 1700 Peter declared war on Sweden. The main aim of the war was to acquire control of the Baltic Sea. At that time it was under Swedish Empire control. Denmark-Norway, Saxony and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth supported Peter. In 1721 the Treaty of Nystad ended and the Russian Empire acquired control of the Baltic Sea. This war went down in history as Great Northern War. In October 1721 Peter was proclaimed Emperor of All Russia. Augustus II of Poland, Frederick William I of Prussia, and Frederick I of Sweden recognized this title. Other monarchs did not agree with it. Some rulers were afraid that Peter would claim authority over them.Peter imposed new taxes in the Russian Empire. The household tax and the land tax were abrogated. These two taxes were superseded with a poll tax. He also reformed the Russian Orthodox Church.In 1724 Peter married for a second time to Catherine who was crowned as Empress. However, he remained the actual ruler of Russia. Peter had 2 wives and 14 children by them. Only 3 of his children survived to adulthood.In 1723 Peter's health declined. He had problems with bladder and urinary tract but he was cured. As legend has it in November 1724 while at Lakhta Peter was forced to rescue the soldiers drowning not far from shore. consequently his health became worse and these problems caused his death. Peter died on February 8, 1725. Peter I, or Peter the Great (1672-1725), was one of the most outstanding rulers and reformers in Russian history. He was at first a joint ruler with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V, and his sister, Sophia. In 1696 he became a sole ruler. Peter I was Tsar of Russia and became Emperor in 1721. As a child, he loved military games and enjoyed carpentry, blacksmithing and printing. He was first married at the age of 17. Peter I is famous for carrying out a policy of "westernization" and drawing Russia further to the East that transformed Russia into a major European power. Having traveled much in Western Europe, Peter tried to carry western customs and habits to Russia. He introduced western technology and completely changed the Russian government, increasing the power of the monarch and reducing the power of the boyars and the church. He reorganized Russian army along Western lines. He also transferred the capital to St. Petersburg, building the new capital to the pattern o/European cities. In foreign policy, Peter dream of making Russia a maritime power. To get access to the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Azov Sea and the Baltic, he waged wars with the Ottoman Empire (1695-1696), the Great Northern War with Sweden (1700-1721), and a war with Persia ( 1722-1723). He managed to get the shores of the Baltic and the Caspian Sea. In his day, Peter I was regarded as a strong and brutal ruler. He faced much opposition to his reforms, but suppressed any and all rebellion against his power. The rebellion of streltsy, the old Russian army, took place in 1698 and was headed by his half-sister Sophia. The greatest civilian uprising of Peter's reign, the Bulavin Rebellion (1707-1709) started as a Cossack war. Both rebellions aimed at overthrowing Peter and were followed by repressions. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Peter the Great was one of the outstanding rulers and reformers in Russian history, who first was a joint ruler with his half-brother Ivan V and his sister Sophia, then became a sole ruler, and later Emperor of Russia. From the manual "USE. English. Oral topics" Zanina E.L. (2010, 272s.) - Part two. additional topics. |
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