| As far as historians know, the original idea to switch clocks to daylight saving time belonged to the American Benjamin Franklin. The same one that is depicted on the hundred dollar bill. At the time of his epiphany, Franklin was living in Paris as the American ambassador. One fine day, the politician, who liked to sleep longer, woke up before dawn and was surprised to find that in the warm season at six o'clock in the morning it was already light. Then Franklin thought about how many candles he burns, staying up late and getting up not with the first rays of the sun. As far as historians know, the original idea to switch clocks to daylight saving time belonged to the American Benjamin Franklin // Photo: low.onvacations.co
Benjamin Franklin expressed his thoughts in an essay entitled "The Economic Project", which was published in 1784. In it, the politician wrote that only France could save almost one hundred million livres on candles, provided that they reset the clock in the spring. For those who flatly refuse to get up early, Franklin proposed to introduce a special tax, and to identify violators by lowered blinds during daylight hours. Another of his initiatives was the introduction of the norm of candles per family. At the same time, he did not deny that the translation of the clock hands would cause certain inconveniences. But what do they mean in comparison with such savings. “It will be difficult in the first few days, and then the new regimen will become natural and easy. If you force a person to get up at four in the morning, then most likely he will want to sleep by eight in the evening. Benjamin Franklin noted in his essay. BritanniaAt the end of the 18th century, Franklin's ideas did not find their supporters. It is not known whether it was under the influence of an essay by an American politician, or inspired by his own thoughts, but in 1905 the Briton William Willet expressed exactly the same initiative. Willett also argued the need to move the hands of the clock with economic feasibility. He also tried to convey his thoughts to the people, but not in the form of an essay, but in the form of an article called "On wasting daylight." According to Willett's initiative, all of April in every British home the clocks were to be set back twenty minutes. The innovator assumed that it would not be difficult for the British, because they already wind up the clock every week. And twenty minutes will not bring any inconvenience to the population. It was proposed to move the arrows back in October. William Willet was convinced that with the help of these simple manipulations, the inhabitants of Foggy Albion would receive over two hundred hours of light and save an incredible amount of electricity. 
It took a long time and an incredible amount of debate to approve summer and winter time in Britain // Photo: dvecher.com
Willett was very active in promoting his initiative. The authorities also appreciated it, but it took a long time and an incredible amount of debate to approve the clock change. Farmers, bankers and astronomers opposed the clock change. It is noteworthy that Britain began to translate clocks in 1916 after the innovation appeared in Germany. William Willett did not live to see this moment. the USSRWith such a concept as summer and winter time, the Russians were introduced in 1917. After the first clock change, the authorities recognized this initiative as unsuccessful, but returned to it in 1931. At the same time, maternity time was introduced. It was sixty minutes ahead of the belt. In the early 1980s, Daylight Saving Time was added to daylight savings time. The Russians have been moving arrows for two decades. In 2011, it was decided to abandon summer and winter time. The Russian Federation did not begin to translate the clock, remaining on summer time. Three years later, a number of regions switched to permanent winter time due to the inconvenience created.
Where do the clocks change
At the moment, the transition to winter and summer time is carried out in most countries of the European Union, in the USA, in the CIS countries, except for Belarus, in a number of African countries such as Tunisia, Namibia and Egypt, as well as in Australia, but not everywhere. In Latin America, clock hands are translated in Cuba, Mexico and Honduras. 
Nowadays, clock hands are translated in many countries of the world. But at the same time, a considerable number of states have abandoned this practice // Photo: shkolazhizni.ru
Asian states such as Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, China have long abandoned winter and summer time. They don't change clocks in Iceland. But not because they consider it inappropriate, but because in this country the time coincides with Greenwich Mean Time, lagging behind in the summer by only one hour. Website.
Easter - when will it be in 2020:
Easter, also called the Bright Resurrection of Christ, is the most important event of the 2020 church calendar. Easter is a transitional date, as it is calculated according to the lunisolar calendar. Every year, the Resurrection of Jesus Christ is celebrated on the first Sunday after the full moon following the vernal equinox. For Catholics and Orthodox Christians, the number of celebrations usually differs, since in Orthodoxy the calculation is carried out in accordance with the Julian calendar. Easter 2020 will be celebrated in the Orthodox Church April 19, 2020, and for Catholics a week earlier - April 12, 2020. Dates of Orthodox and Catholic Easter in 2020:
* April 19, 2020 - for Orthodox believers.
* April 12, 2020 - Catholics.
Description of the holiday and tradition of the meeting:Easter is established in honor of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ and is the oldest and most important holiday among Christians. Easter was officially celebrated in the second century AD. In both Orthodoxy and Catholicism, Easter always falls on a Sunday. Easter 2020 is preceded by Great Lent, which begins 48 days before the Bright Holiday. And after 50 days celebrate the Trinity. Popular pre-Christian customs that have survived to this day include dyeing eggs, making Easter cakes and curd cakes. 
Easter treats are consecrated in the church on Saturday, on the eve of Easter 2020, or after the service on the very day of the Feast. To greet each other on Easter should be the words "Christ is Risen", and to answer - "Truly Risen."
For the Russian team, this will be the fourth game in this qualifying tournament. Recall that in the previous three meetings, Russia “at the start” lost to Belgium with a score of 1:3, and then won two dry victories - over Kazakhstan (4:0) and over San Marino (9:0). The last victory was the largest ever for the existence of the Russian national football team. As for the upcoming meeting, according to the bookmakers, the Russian team is the favorite in it. The Cypriots are objectively weaker than the Russians, and nothing good can be expected from the upcoming match for the islanders. However, we must take into account that the teams have never met before, and therefore we can expect unpleasant surprises. The Russia-Cyprus meeting will take place on June 11, 2019 In Nizhniy Novgorod at the stadium of the same name built for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Start of the match - 21:45 Moscow time. Where and what time do the national teams of Russia and Cyprus play:
* Location of the match - Russia, Nizhny Novgorod.
* Game start time - 21:45 Moscow time.
Where to watch live broadcast Russia - Cyprus on June 11, 2019:
Channels will show the meeting of the national teams of Russia and Cyprus live "First" and "Match Premier"
. The start time of the direct connection from Nizhny Novgorod is 21:35 Moscow time.
In this meeting Russian victory is absolutely expected. The San Marino midget team is the outsider of the group. The bookmakers do not expect anything supernatural from the Sanmarines in the upcoming game, offering bets on their victory with odds of 100-185, against a bet on the victory of the Russian team at 1.01. Over the past 12 years, the Russian team has met with opponents of such a low level three times, and won three confident dry victories. The Russians twice defeated the Andorran team with a score of 6:0 and 4:0, and once the Liechtenstein team (4:0). By the way, the Russian football team won the biggest victory in the history of its existence over San Marino on June 7, 1995 with a score of 7:0. Euro 2020 qualifying match Russia vs San Marino starts on June 8, 2019 at 19:00 Moscow time. The meeting will be shown live "Channel One" and "Match Premier". What time will the UEFA EURO 2020 qualifying match Russia - San Marino on 8 June 2019 start, where to watch:
* Start time - 19:00 Moscow time.
* Channels: "First" and "Match Premier".
How tired I am of waking up in the dark! I remember the times when the clocks were changed, and I saw daylight at least on my way to work. The kids are all grown up and don't know it. For them, I will now briefly talk about the translation of time. Daylight saving time Standard time is standard time, which increases by 1 hour on the last Sunday of October, and returns to its original position at the end of March. In reality, it looked like the process of moving the hands of the clock back an hour. For example, let's say I woke up yesterday at 7 o'clock, and after moving the arrow, yesterday's 7:00 becomes today's 6:00, which means you can sleep for another hour. However, since October 2011, many regions and territories of Russia have not manipulated clocks and live stably in standard time.
 This concept, in fact, has already been taken out of the everyday life of our country, and local time and time zone have come to its place. Since 2016, a number of regions have actually regained maternity time. Namely: - Izhevsk;
- Novosibirsk;
- Tomsk;
- Saratov;
- Astrakhan;
- Samara;
- Kemerovo;
- Barnaul;
- Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk;
- Gorno-Altaisk.
Summer time The time to which we returned after the maternity leave is the summer time. The arrow was moved forward on the last Sunday of March. That is, yesterday's 7:00 became today's 8:00, so you have to get up an hour earlier than usual time. Sounds terrible, doesn't it? But, in fact, by the end of the month, the day increases so much that the sunlight begins to wake up even earlier. So it was with me personally. In Europe, summer time is practiced almost everywhere, with the exception of Russia, Iceland, Belarus.
 The purpose of the introduction The purpose of this event for our state was announced by the government of the USSR almost 90 years ago. By this method, they tried to achieve for people a more rational use of daylight hours, and for the economy - a reasonable distribution of electricity for the population and production. In the conditions of the modern lifestyle, energy savings were not particularly observed, which is why, perhaps, they abandoned the idea of \u200b\u200btransferring time.
Viktor Lavrus
The transition to daylight saving time is carried out on the last Sunday of March (in 2004 - March 28 at 3:00 am).
The transition to winter time is carried out on the last Sunday of October (in 2004 - October 31 at 4:00 am).
A person tends to get up at dawn in order to make the most of daylight hours. This is where the idea of summer and winter time originates, according to which people now live in many countries of the world. Combining waking hours with daylight hours allows you to save electricity consumption: in spring, the hands of clocks running in standard time are set one hour ahead, and in the fall they are set back to standard time.
Divide the entire Earth into time zones of 15 degrees each, and take the Greenwich meridian - the middle of the zero zone - as the zero line - proposed by Canadian communications engineer S. Fleming. Inside the belt, time is assumed to be the same everywhere, and at the border, the arrows are moved one hour forward or backward. In 1883 Fleming's idea was accepted by the US government. And in 1884, at an international conference in Washington, 26 countries signed an agreement on time zones and standard time. Representatives of Russia were also at the conference. They did not like the new account of time for the same reason that Russia stubbornly held on to a mile and a pood: any change seemed to be a “shaking of the foundations” and an impetus to “national ferment”.
After the October Revolution, on February 8, 1918, zonal division was introduced by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars "in order to establish a uniform count of time during the day with the whole civilized world, causing the same clock readings in minutes and seconds throughout the globe and greatly simplifying registration of the relationship of peoples, social events and most natural phenomena in time.
Decree of the government of June 16, 1930. the hands of all clocks in the territory of the Soviet Union were moved forward one hour. Decree time was formed, the introduction of which made it possible to save electricity. The period of validity of maternity time was set "until abolition" (lasted until 1981).
By a resolution of the Council of Ministers on April 1, 1981, the hands of the clock were moved forward another hour. Thus, summer time was already two hours ahead of standard time. For ten years, during the winter period, the clock hands were set back an hour compared to summer time, and in the summer they returned to their place.
In March 1991, maternity time was abolished. The advance two hours ahead has been abolished. We switched to the summer-winter time reference system. Now the standard time is used in winter, and in summer the clock is moved forward 1 hour. This, in brief, is the history of the change in timing.
We measure time by the average solar day, divided into hours, minutes and seconds. Those. by the arithmetic mean of the duration of all true solar days per year (the difference between the duration of the true and average days reaches 15 minutes due to the non-circular orbit of our planet).
Rice. 1. Change in daylight and darkness during the year
Figure 1 shows the change in daylight and darkness during the year for a latitude of 50° (the latitude of Kyiv). The border between light and dark time is considered to be the beginning or end of the so-called civil twilight, that is, the time when the Sun sank 6 ° below the horizon. In the evenings, by this time, lighting should be turned on on the streets of the city. The graph shows solar true time (true solar time begins and ends at noon, i.e. when the luminary passes through the meridian and stands as high as possible).
The average person gets up at 7 am and goes to bed at 11 pm local time. On the graph, the time of wakefulness of such a person is marked by two horizontal dotted lines. Starting in March, he gets up after dawn. By moving the clock forward, he is forced to get up earlier (solid horizontal lines). This is justified by the fact that he will get up during daylight hours and consume less electricity for lighting.
Returning to winter time in October does not lead to energy savings. As it turned out, this is done solely so that in winter people do not get up much earlier than sunrise. Therefore, the transition to winter time is not justified.
From the point of view of common sense, it is rational to return to standard time, abandon the annual clock change and live with the same countdown, which will be one hour ahead of standard time. Such a rhythm of life, from a biological point of view, is the most favorable for a person.
Bibliography
Demidov V.E. Time is treasured. In search of the absolute. NiT, 1999.
Lavrus V.S. Light and warmth. NiT, 1998.
Blinov N. Do we need winter and summer time? "Science and Life", No. 1, 1992.
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