The earth is shaped like a ball. This was finally proven when artificial satellites flew around the Earth in all directions. They received photographs of the Earth, clearly showing the convexity of the earth's surface (Fig. 33).

Parts of the world, oceans, seas, rivers, mountains and other geographic objects are plotted on the globe. On the globe you can see that most the earth's surface is occupied by oceans. There are four oceans: Quiet, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic.

Huge tracts of land, washed on all sides by the waters of the oceans, are called continents or continents. There are six continents on the globe: Eurasia, North America, South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia.

The mainland or part of the mainland, together with the nearby islands, is called a part of the world. There are six parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australia, Antarctica... As you can see, there are two parts of the world on the same continent Eurasia: Europe and Asia. The conditional border between these parts of the world is drawn along east slope The Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, to the north Caucasus mountains along the Kumo-Manych depression, the Black Sea.

The first globes were created in Ancient Greece. In the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries in 1492, the first globe that has survived to this day was created. It showed only the continents of the Old World. As the study of various parts of the Earth, more and more accurate globes were created.

If you cut the globe in half along one of the meridians, you get two hemispheres, each of which will depict half of the earth's surface.

It is already more convenient to use such hemispheres, since you can immediately see the surface of the entire globe. On the globus, only the part facing the observer is visible. If the hemispheres are shown on a plane, on paper, then this will be a map of the hemispheres, which is placed in the atlases.

But it is impossible to depict a hemisphere on a plane without it crumpled into folds, and in places and burst. True, you can cut the globe along the meridians into lobes (Fig. 35) and draw a map from these lobes (Fig. 36). It is clear that distortions are inevitable on such a map, and they increase in the direction from the Equator to the poles. Therefore, when you need to know the distance between two points, it is advisable to do this on a globe, since it almost exactly repeats the shape of the Earth.

The degree grid (parallels and meridians) are conditional lines, they are not on the surface of the Earth itself. On a map and a globe, they are carried out so that you can indicate exactly where one or another is. geographic feature where the travelers are. Marydians and parallels help navigate, that is, to determine their position on the ground and on the map in relation to the sides of the horizon. Parallels and meridians are perpendicular to each other.

On the globes and maps, conditional lines of the poles, equator, tropics and polar circles are also drawn. There is also a conditional date line.

Degree grid

December 22, v winter solstice, sun ray-chi fall vertically down over Southern Tropic- parallel to 23.5 ° S, and the Sun does not set over The southern polar circle at latitude 66.5 ° S It's summer in the Southern Hemisphere. The sun does not show over the Antarctic Circle on June 22, the winter of the Southern Hemisphere. Twice a year, 21 March and 23 September, the rays of the Sun fall vertically down above the equator and uniformly illuminate the Earth from pole to pole. In these days of the spring and autumn equinox day and night everywhere last for 12 hours.

As for the reading of some boundaries in reverse color, they already give the details of the manufacturer: again the words are read WORKSHOP MAKAZHI-YAR, MAKE-UP WORKSHOP... And only the leftmost and lowest border, which runs almost vertically on the map in the middle of the western tip of Africa, has a reading (MA) KAZHI WORLD'S EDGE... Thus, there is no doubt: MAKUZHNYA is WORLD MAKEUP.

Returning to fig. 17, we see that there is an image of the southern tip of South America, where both above and below there are inscriptions YARA, and RUS YARA... In other words, not only the northern part of the American continent, but also its southern part at the end of the Neolithic was considered Russia; it is clear that South America was to be considered South Russia, that is, Russia Yar. Thus, Russia stretched much further than I previously thought.

Fig. 19. Oceanic part of the globe from Slatino

Now consider the oceanic part of the globe from Slatino, shown in Fig. 19. On fragment 1 we read the inscription YARA HAND... It is clear that the word YARA means SOUTH, but what does the word RUKA mean? I believe it is synonymous with the Greek word ARCHIPELAGO... Namely, these are the southern islands near Antarctica, for example, the South Shetland, South Orkney and South Sandwich Islands. Some islands, such as those listed, are located to the south South America others - south of Africa, for example, the islands of Bouva, Prince Edward and Kerguelen.

Fragments 2 and 3 read: MAKINS LOWER HAND LIKE A SPRING LIGHTHOUSE OF THE WORLD... I understand this phrase like this: LOWER ARCHIPELAGO OF AFRICA AS THE SOUTHERN LIGHTHOUSE OF THE (INHABITED) WORLD ... Fragment 4, reversed in color, repeats the same inscription: SPRING HAND - MAKE-UP HAND, that is, SOUTH ARCHIPELAGO - AFRICAN ARCHIPELAGO ... Fragment 5 reflects more northern part ocean where you can read the words: RUSSIA WORLD YAROVAYA... I believe that the phrase RUSSIA OF THE WORLD means INHABITED LAND OUTSIDE EURASIA ... And on fragment 6, already familiar words are read MAKAZHNYA YARA RUS HAND, that is, AFRICAN SOUTH ARCHIPELAGO OF LANDS ... Fragments 7-8 say the same thing - YAROV'S HAND, that is, SOUTH ARCHIPELAGO .

Fragments 9-10 refer to a large triangular area in which Australia is suspected. Their reading is almost the same: YAROVA RUS and RUSSIA WORLD YAROVAYA what do they mean SOUTHERN LAND and LAND OUTSIDE EURASIA SOUTH ... You can remember that the word AUSTRALIA just means SOUTHERN LAND .

Snippet 11 gives the title RUSSIA OF THE WORLD that section of the ocean that is located between America and Africa. These are the OUTSIDE-EURASIAN LANDS of the Atlantic Ocean.

Due to the fact that South America, Africa and even Australia exist on this globe, the question arises - what about Antarctica? Does it exist? Returning to Figure 5, Fragment 7, I can say that, apparently, this is Antarctica - YAROV EDGE OF THE WORLD, that is, SOUTHERN LIMIT OF INHABITED LAND ... Thus, Antarctica should be included among the lands known in the Neolithic.

On the other hand, it should be noted that none of the oceans on the globe have any name. This is the south side of the globe.

Rice. 20. Northern Hemisphere Globe from Slatino

Northern hemisphere of the globe. The northern hemisphere is shown in Fig. 20. If you don't look too closely, then no continents are visible here. However, for better viewing, it still makes sense to divide the entire image into fragments, although not as small as when examining the southern hemisphere. The central fragment of this image is shown in Fig. 21. On the left it is given in normal color, on the right in reverse.

First, I read the inscriptions around the North Pole hole. The words read at the top MAKE-UP HAND, below - almost the same: RUSSIA, MAKOZH HAND... It means: RUSSIA, THE POLAR ARCHIPELAGO OF THE ISLANDS ... I believe that in the Neolithic the Arctic Ocean contained many more islands than today, because due to the slow subsidence of the continental plate in this place, many of the islands are now already under water.

Rice. 21. My reading of the inscriptions of Europe

Finding Europe... Then, peering into the light triangle on the right, I realized that it was depicted ... Europe! Its left edge is nothing more than the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean. Just in case, I projected the image of this particular fragment rotated 90 ° to the right, and placed it in Figure 10 on the left. I signed the details of this map, so that all the words, starting from the word EUROPE, and ending with the words Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Scandinavia, Italy, are written by me simply according to the outlines I have identified. In my opinion, the quality of the image of the mainland is quite acceptable, especially if we recall the completely ugly degree of reproduction of Europe on ancient Greek maps.

On the opposite fragment, on the other side of the pole, where the North American mainland should be located, in reverse color I read the words MAKOZH RUS, that is, PRIPOLAR RUSSIA ... It follows from this that the existence of America in the Middle Ages was remembered, as they remembered that Russians lived there. After that, I decided to take a closer look at Europe.

The assumption that before us is indeed Europe should be confirmed. To the north of the Ural Mountains, the image contains some nodular ligature, which, when expanded, forms the word MAKOZHI... But what exactly refers to Mokosh there is unclear. Therefore, I read the continuation in the form of a curved line, where you can already understand: MAKE UP ROLLS... In other words, we are talking about a certain mountain range, which, continuing Ural mountains, stretches south and runs south Mediterranean Sea, therefore, already on the territory of Africa.

As for the inscriptions on the territory of Europe, they can only be identified in reverse color. Here, at the top, with great difficulty, you can identify the letters that form the phrase MAKE UP RUS, and just below - MAKE UP WORLD... I believe they are two different names. The first phrase is NORTHERN LAND, the inhabited world of Europe. The second is the NORTHERN CONTINENT, that is, in fact, the entire EUROPEAN CONTINENT.

Returning to the main fragment at the top left, you can see the island on the left near Europe. I believe this is Greenland. Therefore, I take this small fragment down. In reverse color, you can read the word YARA, and at the limit of possibilities and not particularly vouching for the fidelity, the word SEA... Thus, the Atlantic Ocean is named SEA YARA, which, generally speaking, correlates with the name of the Baltic Sea as the Yar Sea. However, even in direct color right above the signature MORE you can see the inscription YARA SEA... This inscription is already much more reliable than the previous one. It follows from it that the entire Atlantic Ocean comprised the totality of YAR SEAS up to the South Pole. Then this name becomes clear: once it was the name of the sea near the South Pole - the South Sea, or the Yar Sea. But it gradually became clear that more and more northern seas are a continuation of this Yar Sea, and so they gradually reached the Baltic Sea.

Thus, from this consideration, the name of Europe and the Atlantic Ocean in Russian at the end of the Middle Ages emerged - MAKAZHI MIR and YARA MORYA. Now it remains to consider the Asian and North American continents on this globe.

Rice. 22. My reading of inscriptions on images of Asia and North America

North America has its name in reverse color YARA WORLD(fragment 7), that is, the beginning we read in fragment 5, has its continuation. The name MIR indicates that North America is understood as a continent. Once again the inscription YARA WORLD occurs in direct color on fragments 8 and 9, which is confirmed by the first reading.

Understanding the continents on the Globe from Slatino... It turns out that already in the Middle Ages there was an idea of ​​the continent, which was called the term MIR. Judging by the names, Eurasia was considered a continent, it was called WORLD MAKAZHI, or NORTHERN CONTINENT... It was opposed by a united America, which was called the YARA WORLD, or SOUTHERN CONTINENT, both North and South. Note that according to the modern understanding, Eurasia is a single continent, although there are two parts of the World, and both American continents are called America. Thus, the basic approach to understanding the division of the Earth has been preserved to this day. The third continent was MAKOZHNYA, that is, AFRICA... As the name suggests, this was the original continent; its outlines correspond as closely as possible to the current ones and, in addition, it is on its western coast in the region of Angola that the GATE OF THE WORLD is located, the entrance to this continent and, possibly, to the Earth in general. Finally, the WORLD of MARA seemed to be a separate continent, little understood, that is, SOUTH ASIA.

These two continents, North and South, are stretched in different directions: North in longitudinal direction, South in latitudinal direction. Probably, at first, according to the Eneolithic, People lived in MACOSHN, then in the WORLD of MACOSH, and only then in the WORLD of YAR. They could enter the WORLD of MARA only by accident or after death. Probably, MIR YARA was first discovered in its southern end, which is why it received such a name (YUZHNY), but then more and more northern lands were discovered up to the north of North America. But they did not change the name. Therefore, next to the land of Makoshi (NORTHERN) at the same latitude was the land of Yar (SOUTH). The ocean between America and Europe in the area of ​​Greenland (Atlantic) is also named after America, YARA SEA. As for the Pacific Ocean, it apparently was not known.

The next subdivision is the mainland, which had the name RUS. Here I see confirmation of my assumptions that the word RUS had one of the meanings - part of the world or continent. The world of MAKAZHI (Eurasia) has RUS MAKAZHI - Europe. YARA WORLD has YAR RUSSIA - South America, as well as Australia.

The circumpolar countries had their own term - THE END OF THE WORLD, that is, POLAR CONTINENT... There were also two of them, MAKAZHIN EDGE OF THE WORLD (Arctida) and YAROV EDGE OF THE WORLD (Antarctica). They were surrounded ARCHIPELAGUES OF THE ISLANDS, or HANDS. This was the structure of the Earth.

I ended the article with the following words: “ We got acquainted with an extremely curious idea of ​​our distant ancestors about the structure of the Earth's surface. The Eneolithic in Europe dates back to around the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. We see that, in contrast to the primitive ancient Greek maps, which conveyed the Earth flat and depicted it extremely schematically, here we have a real globe. Moreover, rather large holes indicate that he actually put on the axle and could turn on it. In other words, before us is a rotating globe.

The place where the globe was found is present-day Bulgaria. She, apparently, was also the place of manufacture, for in the language of sacred geography, ZHIVINA RUS had as its center the present-day Serbia and the Balkans in general, and YAROVA RUS in Europe meant the Mediterranean. The mention of both meant the area of ​​their intersection, that is, just the country south of Serbia. This is present-day Bulgaria.

The geographic knowledge of the Eneolithic, contained in this model of the world, extended to all continents. In other words, Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica and the now extinct Arctida were known in the Eneolithic. These continents are not only marked on the surface of the globe, but also signed. The presence of signatures allows us to speak about the existence of not only practical geography in the Eneolithic, (that is, in the true sense of the word DESCRIPTION OF THE EARTH), but also theoretical geography, (that is, the relationship between continents and parts of the world). Each of these aspects of geography is worthy of separate study. It is especially surprising that each of the continents not only has its own name, but this name is included in a certain system geographic concepts.

In terms of drawing up a geographical map, Africa is best represented on the globe, which was called MAKAZHNYA. Judging by both the name and the location of the GATE OF THE WORLD, as well as the excellent knowledge of its geography, this continent was not only splendidly known in those days, but was also considered the ancestral home of mankind. In this one can see consonance with modern archaeological constructions, which believe that the Paleolithic originated from Africa, and that it was there that the anthropological remains of the most ancient man should be sought.

Europe, which has the name RUSSIA MAKAZHI, is very well represented on the map of the Earth's surface. Asia, which had the name of the TEMPLE MAKAZHI, was to be considered more important in importance. However, its image is not larger, but smaller than Europe, both in longitudinal and latitudinal terms, which suggests that this more respected part of Eurasia has been very poorly explored. Moreover, the South of Asia is rendered as the WORLD OF MARA, that is, as the CONTINENT OF THAT LIGHT. From this we can conclude that the south of Asia was the least known in those days. This again correlates with the fact that India and China appear on the world maps somewhere from the Renaissance, and Central Asia remains a blank spot until the 19th century.

The outlines of the Americas are also very well reproduced, and the exact reproduction of the southern tip of South America is especially impressive. However, Australia is given by a very schematic triangle, while Antarctica and Arctida are not shown at all, but only named. Of the oceans, only the Atlantic is known, which again finds confirmation in the history of the Great geographical discoveries, when Pacific Ocean was named as such by the navigators of the Renaissance.

According to the stories of astronauts, there is no more beautiful and fascinating picture than the view of the Earth from space. When you look at a small ball, consisting of white clouds, brown earth and blue water, it is impossible to take your eyes off ...

Today we are going to take a look at some cool online 3D Earth globes that you can use right from this page. All of them are interactive, you can interact with them. No need to download and install additional programs such as Google Earth, etc. - just open this page in your browser and enjoy.

Photorealistic 3D Earth Globe

This is a three-dimensional model of the world, over which photo-textures obtained by NASA satellites are stretched.

You can twist the ball in different directions by holding down the left mouse button. Rotating the mouse wheel upward increases the viewing scale, downward - on the contrary, decreases it.

When zoomed in, textures become blurry, so I recommend that you don't get too carried away with scaling.

The blur is caused by low resolution photographs used in the model. Otherwise, loading them in the browser would take too long.

This 3D globe allows you to see our planet almost as astronauts see it. Well, or close to it :)

Virtual Earth Globe

This 3d model of the world does not have raster textures like the previous one, but vector textures, so here you can scale up to individual buildings. At maximum magnification, there are even house numbers and street names.

Historical globe

It demonstrates how our ancestors saw our Earth at the end of the 18th century. Its authorship belongs to the famous geographer and cartographer Giovanni Maria Cassini, and it was published in Rome in 1790.

It is also fully interactive, you can twist, rotate, zoom in or out the map. Looking at him, you understand how much the world has changed in just 200 years, and how many events were behind all this ...

And here is the globe itself (1790), from which this online 3d model was made:

Finally, a stunningly beautiful video about how the Earth actually looks from space:

Friends, share your impressions, opinions and ask questions in the comments!

Globe and geographic map

Globe and geographic map

Some of the most important human inventions that make it possible to depict the earth's surface.

With the help of them, we can "travel" around the planet.

What is GLOBUS?

Globe is a scaled-down model of the Earth, which depicts its surface.

The word "Globe" in translation from Latin means BALL.

The very first earth globe is that of Crates from Pergamum. It was made in the II century. BC. However, neither the globe itself nor its image have been found.

The first globe

The first real globe was created in 1492 by the German geographer Martin Beheim and named it "Earth's apple". There was no America on it, and the distance between Europe and Asia was half of what it really is.

What do we see on the globe?

The globe has the shape of a slightly flattened ball. The globe has blue, yellow, brown, green and white colors. Blue - water, yellow, brown, green - land, white - ice.

The globe is called the "ball in the net". When the globe rotates, only the poles remain in place: north and south. The main belt of the earth is the "equator", it is also called the "longest parallel".

Oceans of the world:

The globe shows continents and oceans.

There are five oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and South.

Continents:

There are six continents in total: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.

Geographic map

A geographic map is a conventional image of the Earth's surface on a plane.

Globe and Map

General

globe

Various

the same colors are found: blue, white, brown, green, yellow. Continents and oceans are indicated on the map and on the globe. On the map and on the globe, we see the equator, parallels and meridians. The North Pole and South Pole are also indicated.

Map

whole ball

two halves - Western and Eastern hemispheres