As soon as children go to first grade, they face many new interesting and difficult tasks. With some the child copes quickly, while others turn into a real problem. For example, it is very difficult for many children to correctly identify the stress in a word. You will need:

• - Zaitsev's cubes.

To explain to the child what a stressed syllable is, pronounce the words drawl, "call" the word. For example, ma-a-a-ama, Ta-a-a-anya, Mi-i-i-isha. At the same time, highlight the stressed syllable, you can even nod your head or sit down. Then show what will happen if you shift the stress: mom-ah-ah, Tanya-ah-ah-ah, Misha-ah-ah, so that the child feels the difference. Practice using words that are familiar to your child, for example, his name, pet name, etc.
Take first simple words from two syllables and together with the child determine which syllable is stressed, the first or the second. For toddlers, just say the words; for older children, write the words on paper or chalkboard. When pronouncing words, tap the syllables, emphasizing the stressed syllable with a louder beat.
Explain to your child that the word should not be divided into syllables to determine the stressed syllable. Ask him to pronounce the word, stretching the stressed syllable, but not separating it into parts. Explain to an older child that stress can only be on a vowel.
If possible, use Zaitsev's cubes, which differ from ordinary cubes in that they contain not letters, but syllables. Fold a word from several syllables, ask the child to identify the stressed one and put a cube with a drawn stress mark on it. Of course, help your child at first, until he gains enough experience.
Ask your child playful riddles, for example, who is a hippopotamus or what is a hammer, so that the child learns to "play" with stress. Through such fun training, the child gains the freedom to control sounds, which is very helpful in reading words and correct definition stress. Related article How to correctly emphasize the words "lighten", "lightened", "lightened" The kid grows up, gradually getting acquainted with the world around him, in which everything is unusual and interesting. We, adults, are already accustomed to the routine of life, and often what is difficult for a baby causes us bewilderment. When a child first sees a toy, he has no idea what to do with it. An adult needs to be near, to show what this object is for, and if it is difficult to direct the baby's actions.

You will need:

• - rattles
• - musical toys
• - dolls
• - cars
• - constructor
• - dishes
• - play set of doctor, hairdresser, seller

Baby's first games.
When the baby is just born, he is not interested in toys yet. You can show them to him as much as you like, but not see the response. Just for a newborn at this time great importance sounds, touches play.
At about 1.5-2 months, the baby will begin to see his first rattles, bright, sonorous, beautiful. And a month later (each in its own time) will begin to keep them. Every month, new manifestations will be observed in the child's attitude to toys.
It is important for adults not to leave the child alone with toys, since for now he can only hold them in his hands, and there will be no game as such. Open up to the baby all the possibilities of the toy, do it several times yourself and together. Show him how a car rolls, a ball, for example. Soon you will see for yourself that the child has learned to use this toy and performs actions on his own.

We play with children 1.5 - 2 years of age.
Already from 1.5-2 years old, you can play various everyday situations with children, for example, cooking dinner, meeting guests, putting dolls to sleep, etc.
You can play not only separately with a car, soft toys, dolls, but also with several objects at once. It will be very useful to play simple plots with toys (for example, how a bunny came to visit a hedgehog, said hello, a hedgehog treated the bunny to tea, say goodbye to each other), and then it is more difficult to offer. Usually, small children enjoy watching such performances, and then begin to show them with great pleasure.
While playing with your baby, let him play the role of mom or dad, give him the opportunity to express your love for someone and take care of him. This is important because the child receives your love, and his emotions are left unused.
We play with a child 3-4 years old.
At the age of three or four, children become more conscious. They are already able to convey in the form of a game what they saw or heard (for example, after visiting a cafe, hairdresser, doctor's office).
From the age of three, you can stage mini-performances with your baby based on the plots of books you have read and familiar cartoons, first choosing those that he loves.

You can reproduce it in parts, starting with those events that he remembered better, which means he liked it better.
Already at 3-4 years old it is worth teaching to play together with peers. But this does not relieve the adult from being present during the game. It may be necessary to disclose actions or help resolve inevitable quarrels, conflicts (which very often arise due to the inability of children to communicate together).

If a child spends a lot of time with other kids, but adults more often want to stay away and do not interfere in their games, then he will learn to find mutual language with other children, but playing with them will be quite primitive: pushing, running, bullying.

It is important not to allow the child to get used to commanding or, conversely, to obey and, growing up, either constantly argue with other children ("commanders"), or cannot defend their position ("subordinates").
If you send a child to Kindergarten, then use the advice of other moms about choosing an institution. Find a kindergarten that not only has a lot of toys, but also where educators teach children and organize their games together.
Games with a 5-6 year old child.
At the age of 5-6, the child usually plays well plots from his favorite books or cartoons and various everyday situations. Sometimes you can play with him, giving new plots or replaying different life situations, rules of behavior, for example).

A child at this age, if he does not attend kindergarten, just needs a playmate - otherwise he will not learn to establish contact with peers and build communication with them. An adult in this situation cannot replace a child partner, because adults cannot play long enough and communicate with a child differently than a peer would.

Games for children 6-7 years old.
From 6-7 years old, only occasional intervention of an adult is allowed, provided that the children found a common language, learned to play together. If, at this age, a joint game is just beginning, the adult needs to help negotiate and, if they are shy, encourage them.
At this age, for joint games, children most often choose "Daughters-Mothers", "Educator and Children", "Supermen", "Princesses", etc.

Pay attention to what the child is interested in, what characters he imitates.
The more diverse the content of the role-playing games that children play, the more developed their inner world and soul will be. Conversely, his inner peace threatens to remain undeveloped and primitive if the games are monotonous.
If adults buy only robots, dolls, soft toys, monsters for a child, then this can lead to a non-development of the child's play experience, narrowing the horizons. Therefore, always make sure that the toys are varied (monsters and monsters are best avoided).

Stuffed toys and dolls are very necessary not only for girls, but also for boys, as they help the concept of relationships between people. Soft toys calm the child, give a feeling of warmth and comfort.

Likewise, cars, airplanes and other equipment are necessary not only for boys, but also for girls, since if a girl plays only with dolls, this can lead to a narrowing of her interests, restrictions on development. Passion only for games of war, military toys, "shooters" and in an armed conflict can lead to the formation of life models of enmity.

Excessive addiction to technical toys and rejection of dolls, soft toys often leads to the fact that the child does not know how to establish contact with people in real life.

If you are not sure about the quality of the toy, do not hesitate to ask the seller for a certificate for it. Offer the children compromises when playing together, introduce a rule to give in one by one.

Do not impose your help and do not perform any actions for the child. He will ask himself if there are any difficulties, or you will see it. Sometimes a child can offer a solution to a problem that an adult could not even think of. What a wonderful Russian language after all! It is at the same time the most difficult and the simplest. With the help of this language, we express our feelings, for example, confess our love, wish happiness, etc. But the striking property of the Russian language is that not only any word combination can mislead the reader with its duality, but even one word can be understood ambiguously.

Stress in Russian is radically different from the stress in some foreign languages... If in the most graceful French it is always fixed on the last syllable, that is, at the end of a word (for example: pardon, bonzhUr), then in Russian it can freely be both at the beginning, at the end, and in the middle, no vowel letter is immune from it.
Strictly speaking, stress is the emphasis of a syllable, with a greater power of pronunciation and an increase in the duration of the sound. Naturally, only vowels are subject to him.
The vowel sound of the syllable on which the stress falls is called stressed. When forming forms of the word, the stress can remain motionless (wolk - wolka - wolk) or can move from one syllable to another (leaf - leaf - leaf).
There are words that do not have an accent, in pronunciation they join the previous or subsequent stressed words, usually prepositions, conjunctions, particles (under the mountain, to me, they bring it).
In order to determine where to put the stress in a word, it is necessary to declinate it, for example: verblYud (masculine, singular) - verblYud (masculine, plural).
To find out where to put the stress, read the entire sentence in which this word is located and, based on the meaning, you will understand which syllable to emphasize (“Coming out of the forest thicket, I saw a beautiful castle.” - “There was a strong lock on the door.”).
Note, in complex words, plus everything there is an additional stress, it is denoted by ('). Example: WATER HEALER, RAILWAY. Related article How to correctly stress the word "sorrel" Division is not at all a simple mathematical operation for baby, and therefore the material should be presented in a special way. Here it is important not only to correctly explain the nature of the action itself, but also to create a favorable environment for learning.
You will need:

• -apples;
• -candies.

First of all, keep in mind that at the age at which the division by school curriculum, the child is still in the so-called "formal operational" stage of development. This means that he cannot understand abstract concepts, therefore, behind each explanation there must be a real example that can interest the child.
Before starting the study of division, make sure that the child knows the multiplication table well and understands the mechanism by which this is carried out. mathematical action.
For example, give your child four candies and ask them to split them equally between him and you. Then ask how many candies there were and how many people there were. Explain that candy is shared between people, then show mathematical notation actions.
Make sure that the child understands the essence of the process by changing the number of objects and people among whom the objects need to be distributed.
Show your child the connection between multiplication and division. Let him intuitively feel that this is the opposite. For example, showing with a real example that three times two is six, and six divided by two is three, and so on.
Return to these operations constantly, for example, play division outside the home. Give your child tasks that reflect reality. So when buying apples, for example, take six and ask how many apples will each member of your family get. While walking on the street, invite him to share the candy among all the children in the yard.
If the child does not immediately understand what is required of him, be patient and look for a way to explain better. But do not put pressure on him, so you can cause a negative psychological reaction, because of which it will be difficult for the child to perceive the information. In this case, the learning process will take much longer. A syllable is the smallest phonetic unit. It combines sounds of different degrees of sonority. The most sonorous ones perform a syllabic function. The unit must include a vowel sound. There can be no syllable without vowels. V oral speech sounds are grouped into syllables according to the following rules.

Do not mix the division of a word into syllables and word hyphenation, these are different categories. Syllables are part of oral speech, and transfer is written speech, grammar. Compare: the idea - there are three syllables in the sound, and-de-i. And the word cannot be transferred. Look: variegated - 2 syllables, and you can transfer it in different ways: first-stry, dog-three.
Dividing words into syllables, take into account the law of ascending sonority: the beginning of a non-initial (not the first in a word) syllable is built from a weak sounding one. If there is a combination of consonants between vowels in a word, then the syllable boundary should go so that the next syllable begins with a less sonorous consonant. For example, say the word "kaska" [ka - ska].
Divide into syllables by phonetic sound, not by how you write. If the syllable is open, that is, it ends with a vowel sound, then the division into the syllable will take place after the vowel. For example: a dog - so-ba-ka. mop - ko-pna. The border of the syllable will be at the junction of a sonorous consonant and a noisy one. For example, a desk [par-ta].
The syllable section will pass after Y if any consonant is behind it. Mike [mike].
Remember: doubled consonants (between vowels) go into the next syllable. For example, ka-ssa, dro-zzhzhi, ha-mma. BUT, when transferring words with double consonants, leave one letter on the line, and transfer the other: van-na, long, art.
The law of ascending sonority is not observed in the last syllables of the word: [tsvie-to'k], [l'ie-zhy't], [go'-ls], etc.
Most often, when transferring a word, division into syllables is used, but there are many exceptions to this rule. Don't leave a single letter on the line. B, b, y - do not separate these letters from the previous ones. For example: bypass, foil, hare. Do not separate the final consonant from the prefix if the root of the word also begins with a consonant. Correct transfer: spill, sub-write. Do not take the first consonant letter from the root. Carry correctly: attach. Dividing words into syllables is one of the foundations of learning baby reading. It is this skill that allows you not only to combine letters with each other, but also to gain an understanding of how letters are obtained from the words... It is not always easy for a child to understand syllables, but parents can help the child in this matter.

Do not rush to the question of how to teach baby divide the words on syllables... First, the kid must remember the alphabet and understand the principle of connecting letters to each other. The mistake of many parents is that they are trying to teach the baby to fold single letters, this prevents the further separation of words into syllables... Accordingly, the process of mastering reading also slows down. The child must read both letters of the syllable in a single fusion. This avoids problems associated with misunderstanding the basic principle of folding words from syllables.
When these skills are consolidated, focus on baby not on the words x, but on the sounds pronounced by him. Phonetics influences the quality of reading almost more than the knowledge of the letters themselves. Invite your child to observe their mouth in the mirror as they pronounce the words. So he will be able to understand that the shape of the lips changes precisely when the syllables are pronounced, and not individual letters.
If the kid cannot understand how syllables add up to the words, you can suggest a fairly simple way. To do this, the child must be offered to hold the palm in the neck area, under the jaw. The feeling of pressure on the hand allows you to feel the movement of the mouth when pronouncing. The simplest word for setting up an experiment is “mother” or other terms that are accessible and familiar to children’s ears. But also more complex the words no less easy to unfold on syllables you just need to show a little patience.
It is necessary to start such a training with two-syllable words, since they are laid out on syllables the easiest way. Gradually move on to those the words m, which consist of three or more syllables, for example "milk" or "cow". So that the lesson does not seem too boring, the division of words into syllables children are best spent in game form... Words laid out on syllables and taken from the usual counting rhyme, they are perceived much easier. The rules for setting stress in the Russian language are complex and confusing, which creates a lot of problems with the development of orthoepic norms. Adverbs are especially difficult - there are no rules for "calculating" the correct pronunciation for this part of speech. Therefore, in words such as "white" the stress is recommended to simply memorize.

According to the rules of modern Russian literary language the stress in the word "white" is placed on the last syllable, to the vowel "A":

• whitened hair
• wipe the stain white
• grind the yolks white,
• White hot iron.

This stress leads to many reference publications - and special spelling dictionaries, and spelling, and explanatory. However, in some dictionaries (as is correct, published back in the 20th century), one can also find the “dobel” norm. There is such a variant of pronunciation in some verses of Russian poets - and this is often confusing.

The fact is that orthoepic norms can change over time. So it happened with the word "white" - once the stress on the first syllable was considered correct, but now the pronunciation "Dobela" is already considered obsolete... Some orthoepic dictionaries (for example, the reference book "Russian verbal stress" or the orthoepic dictionary edited by I.L. Reznichenko) even specifically focus the reader's attention on this, citing along with the literary norm "white-white" the old version of pronunciation, supplying it with the mark "outdated." and warning against making a mistake.

How to remember the correct accent "white"

To get rid of doubts with the pronunciation of the word "white" will allow the Russian proverb "You can't wash a black dog / you can't wash a white dog." In the word "dog", the accent is also placed on the third syllable, and the rhythm of the phrase "dictates" the stress in the word "white".

Words with the same accent as "white"

In Russian, there are a number of similar adverbs (with the prefix "do-" and the suffix "a"), the stress in which will also fall on the last syllable:

• naked,
• red-hot,
• until late,
• supplement,
• drunk,
• dawn,
• until dark,
• until dark,
• daughter

At the same time, it cannot be said that the stress on the last syllable in such adverbs can be considered a rule: in words such as "Clean"

During the time, parents often notice that their child misplaces the stress in words. You can fix the situation quickly enough by using funny educational games. In this article, you will find some examples of exercises that will help your child master this difficult task.

How to teach a child to put stress in words correctly?

Games such as:

1. "Try to call!" Choose animal names consisting of two syllables - cat, mouse, hedgehog, and so on. Invite the child to "call" the animal, stretching the place with stress, for example, "ko-o-oshka." A little later, the task can be complicated by choosing words from three or more syllables. It is this exercise that will help teach a child to identify stress, both in disyllabic and polysyllabic words.
2. "Repeat!". Choose any word and say it in a calm tone, and then ask your child to repeat it. After that, shout the same name, and then whisper it, and let the baby repeat your actions.
3. "Corrector". Ask your child various questions, deliberately highlighting the wrong stress in your voice, for example, "Where is the lamp hanging?" The child must not only answer the question, but also point out the mistake made.
4. "Knock, knock". Together with your child, "tap" the words on the syllables with a small hammer, emphasizing in the place with the stress.

In addition, syllables are applied to each of them, from which you can make up various words, are an excellent simulator for the development of this skill. At the same time, in the course of classes, it is recommended in any way to highlight the cube on which the stressed syllable is written. So the child will quickly learn to put stress in words, and will not get confused in the future.

Full description

In a word, one syllable is always pronounced with greater strength and duration in the voice (that is, louder and more drawn out). This syllable is called stressed. A short oblique dash is drawn above the vowel in this syllable. She prompts, what syllable in this word is stressed. This is especially important for words that are spelled the same way but read differently.

You should also know that the letter Ё is always under stress and there is no stress mark over it. In words consisting of one syllable (and including one vowel), stress is also not put.

For comparison, invite your child to read and pay attention to the stress mark in the following word pairs:

The sick child decided to read the prescription on his own and take the medicine. The recipe read: “ Take one tablespoon 3 times a day. After eating". The child took the medicine and began to squeak.

Question: what did the child do wrong?

Answer:

1. Medication can only be taken under parental supervision.

2. The child put the emphasis incorrectly and did not understand what was required of him. He needed to take medicine after eating (after eating).

If the child has an idea that proper names are written with a capital letter, then invite him to read and put an emphasis on the underlined words.

it a car A car.

it A car a car.

Have Kati ball.

Kati ball to me.

Here is a girl Fields.

Around are green fields.

Have If axe.

Go if firewood.

Assignment for the child: "Read the verses, taking into account the stress mark"

Now read and stress the underlined words:

In the bucket hand perch don't be afraid - this is perch.

In the country iris blooms in the mouth iris- the candy is melting.

These plates crayons. Take with you crayons.

In the forest flicker proteins, but in the meat there is proteins.

I can hear the ringing of April drops –

The spring sings drops

Some experts argue that the issues of word formation and stress should be dealt with seriously when the child's speech has already been formed. Others believe that it is better to immediately spend the effort to teach you how to pronounce the words correctly than to try to retrain later.

A conscious interest in language is manifested in children from the age of three. Having accumulated a certain vocabulary, the baby is happy to learn new words, asks what they mean, why we pronounce them that way. This inner desire to learn to pronounce and then read words may arise earlier. It is important for parents to grasp and maintain this interest. Most two-year-old babies have indistinct sound reproduction. They skip and replace sounds, in some cases rearrange whole syllables, and quite often make mistakes in stress. To correct these shortcomings and help the baby learn to speak correctly, play with him simple speech games that do not require special knowledge or training.

Tell me how I am

It's no secret that children consciously and unconsciously repeat the actions of adults. Therefore, if your family and those closest to you speak correctly, the likelihood that even the little one will follow your example is very high. Especially if, when communicating with him, you do not distort words, imitating children's pronunciation, and call things by their proper names, and do not use onomatopoeia after the baby.

However, the essence of the game lies not only in correct repetition, but also in the development of auditory perception. Select words and phrases that your child has difficulty pronouncing. Shout out the first word and ask your baby to repeat after you at the same volume. Say the next word in a whisper and make sure the baby says it as well. Speed ​​up and slow down the pace of the game, pause and shout the word again as soon as your little one gets a little distracted. This will add fun and excitement to the game.

Guess the riddle

All kids love to guess riddles. Use this not only in gaming, but also in educational purposes... Ask "What is a dog?", Or "Where does the fox live?" Incorrect use of stress will not only amuse the baby, but will also form the ability to “play” with words, which will be useful to him in subsequent learning to read.

Call a friend

The stressed syllable can be heard by "calling" the word. Demonstrate this by stretching out the pronunciation, for example: "Mashi-I-Ina", "Ma-A-Ama", "KU-U-Uk-la". By emphasizing the stressed syllable, you can focus additional attention on it by nodding your head or squatting. To make the child feel the difference, show him what happens if the emphasis is shifted. Practice using words that your baby is already familiar with, such as the names of family members and their toys, the names of animals, foods, and so on.

Repeat the rhyme

When choosing works for reading and learning, pay attention to the "memory verses" that will help the child master the correct pronunciation of words, in the stress of which even some adults make mistakes. The kid does not need to know the rhyme by heart, his task is to correctly pronounce the "shock" word, before which you pause. For example.

A well-bred person always feels confident in communicating with the most by different people... He will not fail in front of the professor at the session and will be full of dignity, having met a public person. What gives him confidence? Perfect command of the native language, when he has the opportunity to talk on an equal footing with the most educated people... You cannot consider yourself an intellectual, not being able to express your thoughts or using inappropriate words in speech, especially when pronouncing words with errors. Setting the correct stress is one of the components of a competent and beautiful speech.

Correct literary speech presupposes the fulfillment of some rules, among the most significant is stress. Hearing the correct speech around him, the child automatically memorizes stressed syllables from childhood and usually does not make mistakes when speaking. But as in any rule, there are exception words in stress. There are more than 20 of them in Russian. And in order to pronounce these words correctly, you just need to remember them. Moreover, some of these words refer exclusively to the business sphere, where an illiterate pronunciation can not only distort the ear, but also make a depressing impression on business partners.
To prevent this from happening, you need to remember that the stress in words is put as follows: development - development, catalog - catalog, domain - domain, marketing - marketing, means - means. In the word contract, the emphasis is on the last "o" - contract, in the plural the correct literary form is the word contracts, and in business life you need to use only it. In common parlance, a form is acceptable - a contract

It is completely unforgivable for a person who considers himself literate to make mistakes in everyday speech. Therefore, you need to firmly remember the stress in the following words: will call - will call, more beautiful - more beautiful, thinking - thinking, quarter - quarter, stroke - stroke, provision - provision, petition - petition.

Language, like everything that surrounds us in life, tends to undergo changes from time to time. New forms are introduced, old ones are out of use. This is especially indicative in words such as cottage cheese - the preferred form is tvOg, although cottage cheese is considered acceptable, but a more vernacular and outdated form of using this word.

The word deserves special attention. The fact is that we pronounce it very often, and just as often we make mistakes. You can often hear “About money, money, money”. But these are outdated and outdated forms of pronunciation. Modern literary norms presuppose a completely different emphasis in words - about money, money, money. However, in the proverbs, it will be correct to use the old form, for example, "There is no happiness in money."

If you have children in your family or Russian is not your native language, be sure to get a dictionary. Look into it more often and teach your children to do it. At the very least, you are guaranteed correct pronunciation and spelling of words. A deep and solid knowledge of the language is the basis of confidence in communication, which attracts interlocutors to you. So try to speak correctly!

A modern person has a lot of opportunities to learn to speak correctly and beautifully. And these opportunities cannot be neglected. Competent speech disposes of interlocutors, arouses interest and forms respect for a person.