Our fantasies and dreams are able to paint the life with new paints. Without them it is difficult to imagine your everyday existence. Images arising in the head, the kaleidoscope of the pictures and the dreams not only give the mood, but also develop creativity and outstanding thinking.

Imagination in psychology

Human brain It is capable not only to perceive and memorize information, but also to make all sorts of operations with it. In ancient times, primitive people first were completely similar to animals: they mined food and built primitive dwellings. But human abilities developed. And one day, people realized that they were much more difficult to hunt the beast with their bare hands than with special devices. Scratching the head, savages sat down and invented a spear, onions and arrows, an ax. All these items, before they were created, embodied in the form of images in the human brain. Such a process is called imagination.

People developed, and at the same time the ability to mentally create images, very new ones and on the basis of existing ones. On this foundation, not only thoughts, but also desires, aspirations were formed. Based on this, it can be argued that the imagination in psychology is one of the processes of knowledge of the surrounding reality. This is an imprint of the outside world in the subconscious. It allows not only to represent the future, program it, but also remember the past.

In addition, the definition of imagination in psychology can be formulated differently. For example, it is often referred to as the ability to mentally represent the missing object or phenomenon, to manipulate them in their consciousness, to hold its image. Often imagination is confused with perception. But psychologists argue that these cognitive functions of the brain are fundamentally different. Unlike perception, the imagination creates images, based on memory, and not on the outside world, it is also less real, as it often contains elements of dreams and fantasies.

Functions of imagination

It is difficult to imagine a person who has completely absent imagination. If you think about, then there will be a pragmatic people in your surroundings, as if landed. All of their actions are dictated by logic, principles and arguments. But it is impossible to say that they are absolutely no creative thinking and fantasy. Just these cognitive processes are not developed, or are in the "sleep" condition.

Such people are a little sorry: they live boring and uninteresting, do not use creative opportunities brain. After all, according to general psychologyThe imagination gives us the opportunity to be individual, unlike the "gray mass". With it, a person stands out, occupies his niche in society. The imagination has several functions using which, each of us becomes a special person:

• Cognitive. With the help of imagination, we expand the horizons, we get knowledge, acting in an indefinable situation based on their speculations and ideas.
• Forecast function. Properties of imagination in psychology are such that help us present the result of still unfinished activities. This feature also forms our dreams and feces.
• Understanding. With the help of imagination, we can imagine that the interlocutor is in the soul, what feelings he is experiencing. We understand his problem and behavior, conditionally put themselves in his place.
• Protection. Forecasting possible future events, we can further protect yourself from trouble.
• Self-development. The properties of the imagination in psychology allow us to create with it, invent, fantasize.
• Memory. We remember the past, which is preserved in our brain in the form of certain images and ideas.

All of the above imagination functions are developed unequal. Each person dominates a separate property that often affects his behavior and character.

Basic ways to create images

There are several of them, but each of them characterizes the concept of imagination in psychology as a rather complicated, multi-level process.

1. Agglutination. Evaluating and analyzing the quality, properties and appearance This or that item, we create a new one, sometimes a fancy image far from reality. For example, this way was invented by a fantastic character of the Centaur (the body of a person and a horse feet), as well as the hut Baba Yagi (home and chicken legs), an elf (human image and insect wings). As a rule, such a reception is used when creating myths and testes.
2. Emphasis. Allocation in man, subject or activity of some one, dominant characteristics and its hyperbolization. In this way, artists are actively used while creating cartoons and cartoons.
3. Typification. Most complex methodbased on the allocation of the features of several objects and create from them a new, prefabricated image. So come up with literary heroes, fairy tale characters.

These are the main techniques of imagination in psychology. Their result is an existing material, but transformed and modified. Even scientists in their, it would seem that the boring and dry sphere of activity also actively use imagination. After all, new types of drugs, inventions and various know-how they have developed at the expense of existing knowledge and skills. Having drawn something special and most importantly, they create an absolutely new product. Thus, we can conclude: without imagination, humanity would never have learned what progress is in all activities.

Active imagination

Usually, such types of imagination in psychology are distinguished: active and passive. They differ not only in the internal filling, but also the main forms of their manifestation. Active imagination is a conscious construction of various images in your mind, solving problems and recreation of connections between the subjects. One way to its manifestation is fantasy. For example, the author writes a script for the film. He comes up with a story, putting the basic facts that are embedded with fictional details. The flight of thoughts can be so far to lead that in the end, written is obtained by phantasmagoric and in fact impossible.

An example of a fantasy is any fighter in cinema: elements of real life are present here (weapons, drugs, criminal authorities) together with the hyperbulsed characteristics of the heroes (their invisibility, the ability to survive under the on-line hundreds of attackers hooligans). Fantasy manifests itself not only during creativity, but also in ordinary life. We often mentally reproduce human capabilities that are unreal, but so desirable: the ability to become invisible, fly, breathe under water. Imagination and fantasy in psychology are closely interrelated. Often they are poured into productive creativity or ordinary feces.

A special manifestation of active imagination is a dream - a mental creation of future images. So, we often imagine how our house house will look like, what car will buy on accumulated money, as we call the children and who they will become when they grow up. From fantasy, it is distinguished by its reality, landing. The dream can always come true, the main thing is to attach all your efforts and skills to it.

Passive imagination

These are images that visit our consciousness involuntarily. We do not apply to this any effort: they arise spontaneously, have both real and fantastic filling. The most striking example of passive imagination is our dreams - an imprint of the previously visible or heard, our fears and desires, feelings and aspirations. During the "night film" we can see possible options for the development of certain events (a quarrel with close, catastrophe, baby's birth) or absolutely fantastic scenes (incomprehensible kaleidoscope of non-interconnected images and actions).

By the way, the last type of visions, provided that he sees a wakeful person, is called hallucination. It is also a passive imagination. In psychology, several reasons for such a condition are distinguished: severe head injury, alcoholic or narcotic intoxication, intoxication. Hallucinations have nothing to do with real life, often it is completely fantastic, even insane vision.

In addition to active and passive, you can allocate more types of imagination in psychology:

• Productive. Creation of fully new ideas and images as a result of creative activity.
• Reproductive. Recreation of pictures on existing schemes, graphics and visual examples.

Each of these types of imagination is able to influence real events, activities and even the future of the individual.

The role of imagination in man's life

If it seems to you that you can live without it, then you are very mistaken. The imagination has its embodiment in practice in the form of a certain activity, and it is not always creativity. For example, with it, we solve mathematical and others logic tasks. Presenting mentally condition, we find the right answer. Also, imagination helps to control and regulate emotions and remove the tension in relations between people. Imagine this situation: the husband says that he is going with friends to the bath, but promises to compensate for his absence with a romantic campaign in a restaurant. The evil and offended wife at first, anticipating beautiful candles, foaming champagne and delicious seafood, suppresses their anger and avoids a quarrel.

Imagination in psychology is closely connected with thinking, therefore it provides its direct impact on the knowledge of the world. Thanks to him, we can mentally perform actions, manipulate objects of objects, model situations than developing analytical mental activity. Imagination helps even regulate the physical condition of the body. Facts are known when only the man's power has changed blood pressure, body temperature or pulse rate. It is these opportunities that the imagination is the foundation of autotraining. Conversely: inventing the presence of various diseases, a person really begins to feel the symptoms of ailments.

The ideomotor act is also a practical embodiment of imagination. They often use illusionists when they are trying to find objects hidden in the hall. The essence of him is that, representing the movement, the magician provokes it. The artist notices microimments in the view or compression of the hands of the audience and unmistakably defines the one who needs the thing he needs.

Development of imagination

Mental activities are inseparable from images. Therefore, thinking and imagination in psychology are closely related to each other. The development of logic and analytical skills helps us improve your fantasies, creative inclinations and hidden abilities. The main types of development of imagination with thinking are:

1. Game activities. Especially modeling life situations, role scenes, the creation of a number of associations, as well as modeling, origami and drawing.
2. Reading literature, as well as independent pen proof: Writing poems, stories, essays. It is also effective to describe read verbally and with the help of images.
3. Study geographic maps. During this classes, we always imagine landscapes of a country, the appearance of people, their activities.
4. Drawing graphs, schemes, charts.

As you can see, imagination and thinking, imagination and creativity Psychology studies inseparable from each other. Only their overall functionality and mutual addition make us truly unique individuals.

The fact that the development of imagination psychology considers in parallel with the progress of thinking, we have already been convinced. Its close relationship with activities is also proved, as evidenced by one story that happened to some violinist. For a minor crime, he was imprisoned for several years. The tool, of course, was not given to him, so he played every night on an imaginary violin. When the musician came out to the will, it turned out that he not only did not forget notes and works, but now owned the tool much better than ever.

Inspired by this story, doctors from Harvard's medical school decided to conduct a unique study. They divided the subjects to two groups: one played on the real piano, the other is on the fictional. As a result, those who imagined the instrument only in their thoughts showed good results. They not only mastered the main musical works, but also demonstrated a good physical form. It turned out that their fingers were trained as if they were practiced at the present piano.

As you can see, imagination is not only fantasy, hiring, dreams and the game of the subconscious, this is what helps people work and create in real life. Psychologists argue that they can be managed and thus become more educated and developed. But sometimes it is worthwhile. After all, false facts that fit us imagination can push into a crime. It is worth only to remember Othello to understand what trouble can cause our flight fantasy.

Healing with the help of imagination

Psychologists argue that the best way to become healthy is to imagine themselves. The blooming and full-time image in our consciousness is pretty quickly becoming a real fact, and the disease retreats. This effect describes in detail the medicine, and psychology. The topic "Imagination and its influence on oncology" was studied in detail by Dr. Call Simonton, the leading specialist in cancer. He argued that meditation and autotraining helped to make an amendment even to those patients who were diagnosed last stage of the disease.

The group of people who diagnosed the throat cancer, the doctor suggested in parallel with drug treatment to use the course of so-called relaxation therapy. Three times a day, patients relaxed and represented a picture of their complete healing. Patients who could no longer swallow themselves, imagined how in a circle of their family are tasty dinner, like food freely and painlessly penetrates the larynx in the stomach.

The result was struck by everyone: after a year and a half, some patients did not have even traces of illness. Dr. Simonon is confident that positive pictures in our brain, the will and desire can create real wonders. Imagination is always ready to come true in real form. Therefore, where the war is worth representing the world, where the quarrels are harmony, where the disease is health. A person has many hidden abilities, but only imagination gives us the opportunity to rise above all the restrictions, overcoming space and time.

The level of imagination from different people

To determine if you need to contact a specialist. He will suggest you to take a test for imagination. Psychology, its methods in the form of issues and answers are able to analyze the level and possibility of this mental state Specifically you have. It has already been proven that women imagination is better developed than in men. Representatives of the strong sex from nature is more activated by the left hemisphere of the brain, responsible for logic, analysis, language abilities. Therefore, the imagination in their life often plays a small role: men love to operate with concrete facts and arguments. And women are affected by the right hemisphere of the brain, which makes them more sensitive, intuitive. Imagination and fantasy often become their prerogative.

As for children, often their fantasies and feces are striking adults. Kids are capable of far away from reality, hide in the invented world. But this does not mean that the imagination has more developed more: because of the little life experience, their brain does not have such a gallery of images, which is in adults. But, even by owning insufficient experience, children are sometimes able to hit their fantasy raid.

Astrolists have another interesting version. They argue that all unconscious, including imagination, manages the moon. The sun, on the contrary, is responsible for the specific acts and actions of a person. Since under the great influence of the moon there are cradles, scorpions, fish, aquarius and fittings, then the imagination is richer and multifaceted than other signs of the zodiac. Whatever it was, you can always develop your fantasies and creative inclinations. The processes of imagination, in psychology designated, can easily be improved. Thanks to them, you become a separate person, unlike the "gray mass" of people and brightly distinguished from the one-year crowd.

The imagination is the sphere of the psyche of a person who is often underestimated, but it can have a significant impact on real life - to enrich it, drain, replace the fruitless fantasy.

Essence and mechanism

- This is the productive activities of the psyche, in which new images are created on the basis of the transformation of realistic ideas obtained earlier in human experience. He did not see the living dinosaurs or a time car, could not hear the marine surf and not inhale the aroma of the desert, but he can imagine it, operating with familiar images.

Perception performs material for fantasy. Source images are processed. They allocate elements that can transform - become greater or less real, to connect in incredible combinations, to change places, appear in unrealistic quantities.

Thus appear fantasy images of objects that could not be perceived: the Gulliver in the country of Liliputs or giants, the hut on the courier legs, Pegasus, the Multi-Rosch deity, the three-headed dragon, the eight-legged horse of the Slapnir. The imagination can sharpen certain features - it arises caricature, grotesque.

Images can become schemes when insignificant differences are erased, and the main properties are very clearly detected. Emoticons - a vivid example of a schematic processing of the image.

Imagination typoses - human characters, places, events. Elves, gnomes, orcs are types. Turgenev launches and "strong nuts" blockbusters are also types.

Then images of imagination are converted, which generates very complex fantasies.

The emotional component of the imaging images leads to unexpected, logically incomprehensible associations. The original combinations of human body parts, spaces, technical devices are striking the audience in the works of surrealists, relying on fantasy (S. Dali, R. Magritt, etc.).

The result of the imagination is the crystallization of the image in the zirim, tangible product - the picture, invention, art text, models, program. Not always the imagination passes a full cycle. Dreamers are moving from fantasy to fantasy, and without incarnating any idea.

Functions

1. Interacting activities with the help of a bright, attractive image of its result, means and methods of implementation, summarized plans and concrete plans.
2. Regulation of behavior in an indefinite, problem situation with the help of images of alternative actions and their consequences.
3. Emotional self-regulation, outopsychotherapy, illusory satisfaction of needs. With this feature, the risk of escape from reality is connected. Reality reality game images is one of the consequences of gaming.
4. Organization of knowledge is the recreation of an object according to the description, the completion of the missing elements, modeling.

Views

Active imagination Enhances the motivation of activities and a person converts reality - invents, embodies the artistic design, bringing the future that dreams of.

• Active recreative builds an image describing.
• Active creative builds the image of what has not yet existed.

All culture is created by creative imagination.

Passive imagination He undermines the motivation of real behavior, images reproduce themselves. Dreams and projects multiply and do not become a reality. The timeout is needed, but the pause can delay, and life will pass as in a dream.

• Passive intentional is managed by a person who himself causes memories, dreams, fantasies.
• Passive unintentional manages man when he accepts delusional, dream images for the reality.

Imagination and desire to achieve

The first three years of life, the child is under the influence of immediate impressions of items available to perception. Then the imagination is formed - the ability to mentally see the missing objects and situations of manipulations with them, transform them, desire or frighten.

From this point on, two trends arise. One - persistently mastered the subjects presented in the imagination - to get a believed toy, hike in the zoo, a favorite activity. The other is to refuse to achieve and do the imagination. Their equilibrium depends on the family environment and the already established qualities of the personality of the kid.

Methods of development of imagination

1. Enrichment of experience of perception, because Imagination operates with the material obtained in the perception of real objects.
2. Speech development, because It allows you to make the image elements, rearrange them, change places, increase, multiply, arrange a plan, exchange ideas. Playing words, the child creates new images.
3. Support for spontaneous and organized children's creativity - drawing, the simplest musication, inventing fairy tales, non-pieces.
4. Support and enrichment of the children's game, because The game occupies an intermediate position between reality and imagination, gives experience to build an adaptive communication of imagination and reality.
5. Methodical techniques - verbal games, drawing pictures, writing plots, application and combination of unusual techniques, handicraft materials, etc.

Imagination will help plan, anticipate risks, inspire actions, finding nontrivial solutions (see reproductive imagination), empathize, create. The main thing is not to replace the true life.

Imagination - This is a mental cognitive process aimed at modeling a new image or idea. Imagination is strongly connected with other processes: memory, thinking, speech and attention. After all, in order to clearly imagine something, it is necessary to have complete information about the subject of interest, be able to analyze and compare.

IN everyday life We often resort to the need to imagine something in your head. Let's say abstract concepts or artistic images, one way or another, need to imagine them, so they are easier to remember. Imagination helps to do inner world Man is brighter and rich. This process allows personality on time to predict some situations, to build existing prospects and internally prepare for the consequences of their choice. Sometimes people with extremely developed imagination suffer from the fact that they begin to create such images that have nothing to do with reality, thereby introducing themselves and others. The imagination of a person helps creative images create unique copyrighted works. The essence of it as a process is to design from existing images new - unique and unique.

Types of imagination

In modern psychological science It is customary to distinguish between an arbitrary (intentional) imagination and involuntary. In the second case, the process itself manifests itself in dreams that the person sees. That is, experienced for the day of events and experiences are transformed into individual images that the personality continues to "scroll" in a dream.

Intentional imagination It is activated only with the participation of the will of the person and includes several subspecies: recreation, creative, dream. Resting imagination Works on the basis of available ideas about a particular subject. So, when reading fiction, we unconsciously build abstract paintings in your head, we complement them with our own ideas, meanings and values. It is often happening that the same product gives rise to people with various (and even opposite) images.

Creative imagination It is formed by converting existing ideas about the world into unique structures. Creative process Gives a new product that necessarily reflects the individual vision of the world of its creator. A special type of imagination is dream. This type of imagination is characterized by the fact that it always creates the image of the desired, there is no special aims for the result to get it here and now. Aspiration into the future and ephemeralness of the born image sometimes leads to care from reality, to the residence in the world of dreams and fantasies. If a person builds active plans for the realization of the conceived, then the dream turns into a goal that is much easier to come into reality.

Functions of imagination

Imagination as a mental cognitive process performs the main task of reflection of objective reality. The human brain is able to fully perceive information only when she is truly interesting to him. Among the basic functions, it is customary to allocate:

• Icobalizing and planning.Before rushing for some reason, a person needs to represent its end result. In some cases, the success of the enterprise depends on the ability to predict and build the sequence of steps. The imagination here serves as a link between the desired target and the final product of the activity. In this case, it specifically has nothing to do with fantasies. A dream can lead a person to new achievements, but only when he is ready to act, take practical steps in the desired direction.
• Cognitive function.No activity is impossible without constant work on yourself. Whatever the person is busy, it always requires productive activities for a successful formation. The need to recognize new, improve their skills and skills leads to the process of activating cognitive activity.
• Adaptive function.This feature is the need to explain the incomprehensible phenomena. So in antiquity people created legends and fairy tales using imagination to minimize their own fear of unknown.
• Psychotherapeutic function.Imagination can be successfully used by man as psychological protectionwhen he "comes up with" non-existent realities so that they correspond to his inner readiness to perceive the world. Therapeutic orientation finds an expression in sublimated images, designation and recognition of own feelings.

Forms of imagination

• Agglutination.It is a peculiar merge of images of various properties of objects. All mythical creatures are based on this technique: Centaur, Mermaid, etc. Agglutination appears as a result of combining individual characteristics and the formation of a mixed image.
• Emphasis.It is manifested in intentional exaggeration, pointed on any particular feature of a literary or mythical character. For example, a boy with a finger was so tiny that the growth could be compared with the little finger.
• Hyperbolization.An increase or decrease in the object to the limit sized by imagination, thereby achieved the effect of absurdity. Hyperbolization often emphasizes the character of some character, makes the reader build their own assumptions why it happened.
• Typification.Even the most creative image is created according to a specific type. Schematization facilitates the process of creating a picture of the object by imagination and simplifies its perception. As a basis, there are essential signs, and a holistic image is built on their essence.
• Schematization.Helps build new image Based on the available representations of one or another item. The general scheme is built by allocating similar features and transferring them to other objects.
• Exacerbation.Lies in intentional focusing of individual features of objects.
• Transfer of signs.It can manifest itself in the creation of non-existent objects, mythical and fantastic beings, inanimate objects and emphasize their signs of living.
• Takes imagination Influence on modeling individual reality, the creation of high-quality images that have not previously existed. The whole effect is achieved with the help of imagination.

Features imagination

Through this mental process, each individual has a unique opportunity to create and simulate its own reality. Particularly significant needs, such as self-realization and personal growth, are directly reflected with the help of imagination. So, for example, the artist is able to display in the work the questions that mostly worry about it itself, thereby reducing the number of their own experiences about this. Imagination perfectly helps sublimation process. The role of imagination in any form of activity is extremely high.

Development of imagination

Imagination as a process that helps to know the world around us can and should be improved. To solve this task, special exercises and classes aimed at its development will be better. It must be said that imagination is impossible to develop separately from attention, memory and thinking. That is why the tasks presented below contribute to the noticeable progress of all cognitive processesleading from which is imagination.

• Forecasting the future situation.The development of imagination begins with the formation of skills to clearly imagine the subject or phenomenon. Before proceeding with any case, try to think in advance what will come of it. Answer yourself to the question of what you want to get as a result, what you see the ultimate goal. It is proved that the ability to represent, think constructively in the direction of a given goal forms self-confidence, gives additional forces, adds determination, reduces doubts.
• Creating an artistic image.Suitable writing fairy tales, stories, creating a portrait or landscape. Here you can turn on and embroidery, the main thing is that you like the process itself. To begin with, build in my head the image you want to portray. Try to be bright, attracting attention to helping to reveal to your aspirations and talents. It is not necessary to create a "war and peace", you can restrict ourselves small poem Or sketching, the main condition - creativity should inspire new ideas. Well, if in the process of imagination, fresh images and ideas will begin to occur. The exercise is aimed at the formation of the ability to develop the image, give it to disclose in the entire fullness and diversity.
• Doring the figure.The exercise is in the formation of the skill to create a picture in the imagination from nothing, perfectly trains attention to trifles, teaches to understand that a new image can be simulated from the most minor details. In the center on a sheet of paper, as a rule, a fragment of the shape that is required to be drawn is depicted. If you distribute such sheets to the participants of a small group and ask them to fulfill the task, each result will be their unique drawing. The process of imagination every person works purely individually.
• "I am a successful person." If you have long been dreaming about self-realization, then the implementation of this exercise will bring you greater joy and a tremendous rise of energy. Imagine what you need in order to consider yourself a person. The main task is to realize as much as possible and keep in consciousness, which brings maximum satisfaction, helps to develop your personality. When this image is found, continue to draw a picture of perfect success in your imagination, mark what events should happen in the future. Exercise is unique in that it allows not only to train imagination, but also aims a person to a positive result, helps to develop faith in its own strength and opportunities.

These exercises for imagination contribute to the formation of an individual vision of life, building prospects for personal and professional promotion. The tasks can be performed every day, they are suitable for representatives of any professions and ranks. Of course, it will be much easier to perform creative peoplerelated to painting, literature, music, designer business, etc.

Thus, the role of imagination in a person's life is extremely significant and deep. After all, each of us is required in any activity. abstract thinking, be able to imagine the desired effect. Try to read more books, participate in the cultural and public life of the city, constantly improve your potential. Developed imagination is an integral part of a successful personality.

Imagination is a special form of the human psyche, standing apart from other mental processes and at the same time occupying an intermediate position between perception, thinking and memory. The specificity of this form of the mental process is that the imagination is probably characteristic only for a person and strangely associated with the "mental" from all mental processes and states. The latter means that in any other, except for imagination, the perfect and mysterious character of the psyche does not appear.

As for the mysteriousness of this phenomenon, it is that so far we have almost nothing to know about the mechanism of imagination, including its anatomy-physiological basis.

The creatures are effective, people not only contemplate and know, but also change the world, it is converted to him. In order to convert validity in practice, you need to be able to convert it and mentally. This need and satisfies the imagination. Imagination is inextricably linked with our ability to change the world, effectively convert validity and create something new. Therefore, A. M. Gorky was right, when he said that "it is fiction and plan to raise a person over the animals" - fiction primarily as a plan.

Under the imagination in the broadest sense of the word sometimes understand all kinds of process flowing in images. In this case, the memory that reproduces the images previously perceived is "only one of the types of imagination". Based on this, come to distinguish reproductive and creative imagination and identifying the first with memory.

Since, on the one hand, the imagination always relies to some extent to the past experience, and on the other - the figurative reproduction usually, as studies show, to some extent transforms the reproducible, there is no connection between imagination and figurative memory.

But the existence of differences between them is no less. The main difference of the actual imagination against memory is associated with a different attitude to reality. Memory images are reproducing past experience. Memory function - maintain the results of past experience in possible immunity, the imagination function is to convert them.

For imagination in those higher forms in which its specificity is fully manifested, no less characteristic is another attitude to the past experience in general and directly this is the consciousness of famous freedom towards him, which gives it possible to transform it. This freedom in relation to this means primarily known psychological independence in relation to the past. This distinction of imagination and memory comes from the relationship, on the one hand, reproduced memory images, on the other, the imagination of objective reality. But in both of these processes, one common component can be distinguished, namely the occurrence and formation of a holistic appearance and presentation, that is, the process, product or content of which is the presentation. Common laws This process is essential for the psychology of art.

Imagination in its own, very specific sense of the word can be only in humans. Only a person who, as a subject of social practice, really transforms the world, develops genuine imagination.

Every imagination gives rise to something new, changes, converts what is given to us in perception. This change, transformation, deviation from this can be expressed, first, in the fact that a person, based on knowledge and relying on experience, imagined, that is, will create a picture of what he really never seen himself. For example, a flight message in space prompts our imagination to draw pictures of fantastic in their unusual life in weightlessness, surrounded by stars and planets.

Imagination can, anticipating future, create an image, a picture of what was not there. So astronauts could in their imagination to present flight into space and disembarking on the moon when it was only a dream that was not yet implemented and unknown.

Imagination can finally make such a departure from reality, which creates a fantastic picture, brightly deviating from reality. But in this case, it to some extent reflects this reality. And the imagination is fruitful and more valuable than a greater extent, transforming reality and deviate from it, nevertheless takes into account its essential parties and the most significant features.

To study the cognitive role of imagination, it is necessary to find out its features and identify his valid nature. IN scientific literature There are a lot of approaches to the definition of imagination. Let us turn to some of them and we define the main features of the imagination.

S.L. Rubinstein writes: "Imagination is a departure from past experience, this is the transformation of this and make a new image on this basis."

L.S. Vygotsky believes that "the imagination does not repeat the impressions that accumulated before, but builds some new rows from previously accumulated impressions. Thus, bringing a new one in our impressions and changing these impressions, so as a result there is a new one, who used to be not an existing image, forms the basis of the activity we call the imagination "

According to E.I. Ignatiev, "The main sign of the imagination process is to transform and process data and materials of past experience, resulting in a new idea."

And the "Philosophical Dictionary" defines the imagination as "the ability to create new sensual or mental images in human consciousness based on the transformation of the impressions received from reality."

As can be seen from the definitions, the ability to create new images is considered an essential sign of imagination. But this is not enough, because it is impossible to distinguish between imagination and thinking. After all, human thinking (the creation of cognitive images by findings, generalizations, analysis, synthesis) cannot be simply identified with the imagination, because the creation of new knowledge and concepts can occur without the participation of imagination.

Many researchers note that the imagination is the process of creating new images proceeding in a visual plan. This trend refers imagination to the forms of sensual reflection, the other believes that the imagination creates not only new sensual images, but also produces new thoughts.

One of the features characteristic of imagination is that it is associated not only with thinking, but also sensory data. There is no imagination without thinking, but it does not boil down to logic, since it always assumes the transformation of sensual material.

Thus, it is obvious that the imagination is also the creation of new images, and the transformation of past experience, and the fact that such a transformation is performed during the organic unity of sensual and rational.

All representations of the imagination are built from the material obtained in past perceptions and stored in memory. The activities of the imagination are always the processing of those data that are delivered by sensations and perceptions. For example, a person who has not been in the extreme north, can imagine the tundra just because he saw the images of her in the pictures and photographs, actually saw individual elements included in the landscape of the tundra - saw the plain covered with snow, a small shrub, seen in a deer zoo .

Imagination - psychic. A process entered into the creation of new images (submissions), by processing the material of perceptions and representations obtained in the preceding experience. Inherent only to person. It is a cognitive process. The specificity consists in the processing of past experience. It is unmodest associated with the memory process (memorization, saving, playback and forgetting). Converts what is in memory.

Types of imagination: 1 ) resting imagination - is deployed on the basis of a description, story, drawing, diagrams, symbol. 2) Creative imagination - the creation of a completely new, original image that has not existed so far. 3) The dream is a special form of imagination, localized in sufficient future and unifying the ideas about the life of high quality.

Types of imagination:

"" Passive imagination: 1. Intentional; 2. Unintentional.

Passive deliberate imagination: Greens - images of fantasies, deliberately caused, but not related to will aimed at incarnation.

Passive unintentional imagination: in a half-weather state, in a state of affect, in a dream (dream), with pathological disorders of consciousness (hallucinations), etc. It arises with the weakening of the activity of consciousness, the second signal system, with temporary inaction of a person.

Active imagination: 1 creative; 2 recreating.

The imagination, which is based on the creation of images corresponding to the description, is called recreating.

Creative imagination implies an independent creation of new images that are implemented in original and valuable activities.

Methods (methods) of creating images of imagination: 1) agglutination - the creation of a new image by connecting into one integer fragments of various thoughts and words. It is observed in schizophrenia (in particular, one of the mechanisms for the formation of neologisms) and during focal cortical violations of speech (leads to the formation of parapazzium type of contamination.) 2) emphasizing is one of the ways to create imaging images. Note on the fore, emphasize some thought. 3) Schematization - Creating images using schemes, paintings. 4) Typification - selection or development of typical designs or production processes based on common; generalization, expression of general ideas, processes and phenomena; Allocation of a significant, repeating in homogeneous phenomena and embodiment in a specific base.

Synthesis of representations in the processes of imagination is carried out in various forms.

1) agglutination - implies "gluing" of various parts in the everyday life of non-connected qualities, properties, parts.

2) hyperbolization - is characterized not only by an increase or decrease in the subject, but also by changing the number of parts of the subject or their offset.

3) Acrost - emphasizing any signs (cartoons, caricatures).

4) Schedule - individual representations merge, the differences are smoothed, and similarities are clearly.

5) Typification - the allocation of a significant, repeating, embodiment in a specific image.

Development of imagination.

The game is characterized by the rapid development of the processes of imagination. The imagination is formed by B. different types Activities and faded when the child ceases to act.

Fantasy acts as one of the most important conditions for the assimilation of social experience. Fantasia - important condition Development of the child's personality.

Dream - images of the desired future.