Summer approached the end, but so I want to extend the charm ... Especially by us, Petersburgers and Muscovites, who did not have anyone else ... And since it was not from us, then you can still go behind him! In Paris, for example, or better - in Nice! The French are sensitive people in all that concerns their culture and language, and even if they speak English, they will try to hide it until the latter, so that you speak their language. It was for this that we prepared this useful article - useful expressions in French who are important in everyday life. Under these expressions, there are short, but capacious formulas of speech etiquette, which are used in everyday communication (spoken speech). This "active minimum" dates you feel confidence when communicating with francophones. Knowing these expressions you definitely do not disappear in France!

So let's consider

50 beneficial expressions in French for everyday speech.

NB! I note: to save efforts, to start, you can learn in one expression for each typical situation. Sometimes there may be an expression, seemingly devoid of any meaning, but in fact they can be very capacious and help support the conversation. For example: oui.(Yes),quais. (aha) ...

The rules of reading French are quite complex and diverse, so you do not need to try to learn them immediately. Enough in the process of learning and fixing the material to look at periodically in the table. The main thing is to remember that the reading rules exist, which means that they have mastered, read any unfamiliar word will be for you. That is why the French language transcription is not required (exceptions make rare phonetic cases).

Where to begin?

There are 5 important rules of the French alphabet that are unchanged and necessary to remember:

1. emphasis falls always on the last syllable of words (examples: Argent, Festival, Venir);
2. the letters -s, -t, -d, -z, -x, -p, -g, e, c (and combinations) are not read in words, if you stand at the end (examples: Mais, Agent, Fond, NEZ, Époux, Morse, Banc);
3. the end of the verbs in the present time "-Ent" (3l. units) is never read (example: ILS Parlent);
4. the letter "L" is always softened, reminding Russian [l];
5. double consonants are read in French as one sound, for example: POMME.

The French alphabet is largely consonant with an English alphabet. If you already own English, then the learning process will be far faster, if not, then it is also fine. You will be very interested to master another language, except my relative!

In addition to the letters of the alphabet in the letter use letters with icons (supraid and substitution), presented below in the table.

Vowels and letters in french

The vowels of French are pronounced in accordance with the clear rules of pronunciation, but there is a majority of exceptions related to both analogies and with the influence of neighboring sounds.

* If the letter "OU" follows the pronounced vowel letter, then the sound is read as [W]. For example, in the word jouer [ʒwe].

* Being between consonants, the letter "Y" is read as [i]. For example, in the word Stylo.

* In the speech stream, the fluent sound [ǝ] can barely hear or fall out of the pronunciation. But there are cases when the sound, on the contrary, may appear where it is not pronounced in an isolated Word. Examples: Acheter, Les Cheveux.

* Exceptions are the words Tranquille, Ville, Mille, Lille, as well as their derivatives.

Proper pronunciation of consonant letters and letters

* Exceptions: Amitié, Pitié.

* The letter is not pronounced in the end of the word after the nasal vowels. For example: BANC. As well as in such words as (Porc, Tabac, Estomac [ɛstoma]).

* Exceptions are some nouns and adjectives: Hiver, Fer, Cher [ʃɛ: R], Ver, Mer, Hier.

* In French, the letter "h" performs a certain role in pronunciation:

1. when H, stands in the middle of the word between vowels, they are read separately, for example: Sahara, Cahier, Trahir;
2. with a dumb h standing at the beginning of the word, binding is made, and there is a vowel loss, for example: l'hetare, ilshabitent;
3. before intchase H binding is not done and the vowel sound does not fall out, for example: La Harpe, Le Hamac, Les Hamacs, Les Harpes.

In dictionaries, the words with the oral H are denoted by an asterisk, for example: * HAUT.

Clutch, binding and other features of French phonetics

Winning consonants always need to be pronounced clearly, without stunning them at the end of the word. Unstressed vowels should also be pronounced clearly without reducing them.

In front of such consonant sounds, as [R], [z], [ʒ], [v], standing under the stress, vowels become long or acquired the longitude, which in transcription is referred to as a colon. Example: Base.

French words tend to lose their emphasis in the speech stream, as they are combined into groups having a common semantic value and the overall stress that falls on the last vowel. Thus, rhythmic groups are formed.

When reading the rhythmic group, be sure to comply with two important rules: clutch (FR. Enchainement) and binding (FR. Liaison). Without the knowledge of these two phenomena, learn to hear, distinguish and understand the words in the stream of French speech will be extremely difficult.

The clutch is called the phenomenon when the pronounced consonant, located at the end of one word forms one syllable with the vowel, standing at the beginning of the next word. Examples: Elle Aime, J'habite, La Salle Est Claire.

Binding is when the ultimate non-pronounced consonant is pronounced by contacting the vowel, which is at the beginning of the following word. Examples: C'est Elle or à Neuf Heures.

Check yourself (Exercise for fixing)

After reading all the rules and exceptions carefully, try to read words, the data in the exercises below, not spying into theoretical material.

Exercise 1

sale, Date, Vaste, Père, Mère, Valse, SûR, CRème, Rate, Tête, Traverse, Appeler, Vite, Pièce, Fête, Bête, Crêpe, Marcher, Répéter, Pomme, Tu, Armée, Les, Mes, Pénétrer, Le, Je, Me, Ce, Monopole, Chat, Photo, Regarder, Pianiste, Ciel, Miel, Donner, Minute, Une, Bicyclette, Théâtre, Paragraphe, Thé, Marche, Physicien, Espagnol.

Exercise 2

titane, Attire, Tissage, Titi, Type, Tirade, Active, Bicyclette, Gype, Myrte, Cycliste, Egypte;

naïf, Maïs, Laïcité, Naïve, Haïr, Laïque, ABïme;

fière, Bière, Ciel, Carrière, Piège, Miel, Pièce, Panier;

pareil, Abeille, Vermeil, Veille, Merveille;

ail, Médaille, Bail, Travail, Détail, Émail, Vaille, Détailler;

fILLE, BILLE, GRILLE, BILLET, QUILLE, VILLE;

habiter, TRAHI, Géhenne, Habiller, Malhabile, Hériter, Inhabile, Sahara;

l'Herbe - Les Herbs, L'Habit - Les Habits, L'Haltère - Les Haltères;

la Harpe - Les Harpes, La Hache - Les Haches, La Halte - Les Haltes, La Haie - Les Haies.

Now you know the rules for reading French, and therefore you can read any text in French.

Let's start with the reading rules. Just begging: do not try to learn them right away! First, it will not work - after all, they are quite a few, secondly, no need. All over time will go. You can simply periodically pry to this page. The main thing is to read them carefully (you can not even sit even), look at the examples, try doing exercises and check yourself - next to the exercises there are sound - how the same words are pronounced the French.

At the first six lessons in a separate tab, you will find a cheat sheet on all French reading rules, so all the material from this page in the compressed form you will always be at hand. :)

At the first six lessons in a separate tab, you will find a cheat sheet on all French reading rules, so all the material from this page in the compressed form you will always be at hand. :)

In French, the emphasis always falls on the last syllable ... This is news for you, isn't it? ;-)

-s, -t, -d, -z, -x, -p, -g (as well as their combinations) at the end of words are not read.

Vowels

e, è, ê, é, ё Under the stress And in the closed syllable, it is read as "e": Fourchette [buffet] - fork. "But there is a nuance" (c), which in the initial stage can be neglected. Reading letters E. In all its IPOST, is discussed in detail on the III-M lesson from the very beginning - it must be said there is a lot of.

E. in Unstressed syllable It is read about as a German "Ö" - as the letter "E" in the word Möbiius: Menu [Menu], Regarder [Rugard]. In order to produce this sound, it is necessary to pull the lips to stretch the bow (as in the picture below) and at the same time say the letter "e".

In the middle of the words in the open syllable, this letter is thrown out at all (E Bigaway). So, for example, the word carrefour (crossroads) is read as [Car "Four] (unstressed" E "in the middle of the word is not pronounced). It will not be an error to read [Caroefur], but when you say quickly, it falls out, because it turns out to be a weak sound . Épicerie (Grocery) is read as [EPIS "Ri]. Madeleine. - [Madeleine].

Metro Metro Foundation in Paris

And so - in very many words. But it is not necessary to scare - the weak "ё" will fall out for themselves, it is natural :)

We also have such a phenomenon in speech, we simply do not think. For example, the word "head": When we pronounce it, the first vowel is so weak that it falls out, and we practically do not pronounce it and say [Glava]. I am no longer talking about the word "eleventh", which we pronounce as [Odentged] (found it in the notebook of my son; I was very horrified: how could you make so many mistakes in one word, and then I realized that the child just recorded this word for hearing - We really say it :).

E. At the end of the words (see Exceptions below), it is not read (in songs and poems sometimes pronounce it). If there are any badges over it, it is always read, wherever it stands. For example: Régime [Mode], Rosé [Rose] - Pink Wine.

In single words E. At the end of the words read - if it is not read there, the syllable does not form at all. These are articles, prepositions, pronouns, index adjectives: Le [le], de [Dy], Je [HE], ME [ME], CE [SE].

Unreadable ending -s. forming a multiple nouns (something familiar, really?) and adjectives will appear, does not make the letter -E. At the end of the word readable: Régime and Régimes are read the same - [mode].

-er. At the ends of the words is read as "E": Conférenci eR [Enterprise] - Rapporteur, Ateli eR [Atelier], DOSSI eR [Dossier], Canotier, Collier, CROUPIER, Portier and, finally, Foyer [Fuaye]. You will find -er at the end of all the right verbs: PARL eR [PALL] - Talk, Mang eR [Cant] - there; -er. - This is the standard end of the French right verbs.

A. - read as "A": Valse [Waltz].

I. (including with icons) - read as "and": VIE [W] - Life (I quickly remember "C" EST LA VIE ":).

O. - Read as "O": Locomotive [Lokomotiv], Compote [Compote] - fruit puree.

U. Reads as "Yu" in the word "Muesli". Example: Cuvette Reads [Cuvette] and means "cuvette", Parachute [parachute] - means "parachute" :), the same happens from Purée (mashed potatoes), and C Confiture (jam).

To get an open sound "y", a combination is used Ou. (This is familiar from English: You, Group [Group], Router [Ruther], Tour [TUR]). Souvenir [Suvenir] - Memories, Fourchette [Furst] - Fork, Carrefour [Cartur] - Crossroads; Nous pronouns (we) read [well], vous (you and you) reads [Wu].

Consonants

Letter L. Reads relaxed: Étoile [Etoile] - Star, Table [Table] - Table, Banal [Banal] - Banal, Canal [Channel], Carnaval [Carnival].

G. read as "g", but before e., i. and y. She is read like "F." For example: Général - read [General], Régime [Mode], Agiotage [Hiotage]. A good example of the word Garage - reads [Garage] - the first g. before a. read firmly and second g. before e. - How "g".

Lettering GN. read as [n] - for example, in the title of the city Cognac [Konak] - Cognac, words Champi gN.oNS [Champignon] - Mushrooms, Champa gN.e [Champagne] - Champagne, LOR gN.ette [Lornet] - binoculars.

C. read as "K", Mas cA.rade [Masquerade], already mentioned by us co.mPOTE I. cu.vette. But in front of three glasses e., i. and y. She is read like "C". For example: cErTIFICAT reads [Certter], Vélo cIpède - [Bike], Moto cY.cle - [Motor Makele].

If you need to change this behavior, that is, it is forced to read this letter, as [C] before other vowels, the tail is attached to it below: Ç and ç . Ça is read as [CA]; Garçon [Garson] - Boy, Maçon (Mason), Façon (Logs), Façade (Facade). The famous French greeting Comment ça Va [coma ~ sa va] (and more often just ça Va) - means "how it is", and literally "how it goes." In movies you can see - they say so much. One asks: "ça Va?", The other answers: "ça VA, ça VA!".

At the ends of the words C. It is rare. Unfortunately, there is no hard rule when it is read, and when there is no. It is just remembered for each word - the benefit of them is a bit: for example, Blanc [bl "An] - White, Estomac [Estoma] - stomach and Tabac [Taba] is not read, and Cognac and Avec - read.

Combination ch Gives sound [sh]. For example, Chance [Chance] - Good luck, luck, CHANTAGE [blackmail], cliché [cliche], cache-nez [cough] - scarf (literally: hide the nose);

PH Reads as "F": photo. TH. Reads like "T": Théâtre [Theater], Thé [those] - tea.

P. Reads as Russian "P": Portrait [Portra]. In the middle of the word, the letter P before T is not read: Sculpture [Squultyur].

J. - Read as Russian "F": Bonjour [Bonzhur] - Hello, Jalousie [blinds] - envy, jealousy and blinds, sujet [scene] - plot.

S. Reads as Russian "C": GESTE [gesture], Régisseur [director], chaussée [highway]; between two vowels S. Sounds and read as "s": Fuselage [Fuselage], Limousine [Limousine] is very intuitive. If you have to make deaf between vowels, it is doubled. Compare: Poison [Pouazon] - poison, and Poisson [Puaceon] - Fish; The same Hennessy - [Annecy].

The rest of the consonants (many of them remained? :) - N, M, P, T, X, Z - Read more or less obvious. Some small features of reading X and T will be described separately - rather for order. Well and N. and M. Combined with vowels give rise to a whole class of sounds that will be described in a separate, most interesting section.

Here is a list of words given above as examples - before doing the exercise, it is better to listen to the French who say these words.

menu, Regarder, Carrefour, Régime, Rosé, Parler, Cuvette, Parachute, Confiture, Souvenir, Fourchette, Nous, Vous, Étoile, Table, Banal, Canal, Carnaval, Général, Valse, Garage, Cognac, Champignons, Champagne, Certificat, Chance, Théâtre, Thé, Portrait, Sculpture, Bonjour, Sujet, Geste, Chaussée.

The French language is deservedly considered the most sensory language of the world - in its everyday a few hundred verbs denoting the emotions and feelings of various kinds. The lyric melodiousness of the Horl sound "P" and the sophisticated accuracy of "le" give a special charm language.

Gallicism

French words used in Russian are called gallicism, they firmly entered the Russian-speaking conversation with a large number of words and derivatives from them, similar in meaning or, on the contrary, only on sound.

The pronunciation of French words differs from the Slavic presence of thorny and nasal sounds, for example, "an" and "he" are pronounced by passing the sound through the nasal cavity, and the sound "en" through the bottom of the front wall of the throat. Also for this language is characterized by the emphasis on the last syllable of words and soft hissing sounds, as in the word "brochure" and "jelly". Another indicator of gallicism is the presence in the word of suffixes -Ag, -ar, -ness (plume, massage, Boudois, monarchism). These subtleties are already allowed to understand how unique and diverse the state language of France is and diverse.

Abundance of french words in Slavic languages

Few people guess that the "subway", "Bagazh", "Balance" and "Politics" is the originally French words borrowed by other languages, beautiful "veil" and "nuance" too. According to some data, about two thousand gallisisms are used every day in the post-Soviet space. Clothing items (pantalonons, cuffs, vest, pliers, overalls), military topics (dugout, patrol, trench), shopping case (advance, credit, kiosk and regime) and, of course. The colors of the beauty of the word (manicure, cologne, boa, pensne) are all gallicizms.

Moreover, some words are consonant with rumor, but have a distant or different meaning. For example:

• Sutuk is the subject of a male wardrobe, and literally means "on top of everything".
• Buffet - We have a festive table, the French have just fork.
• Pijon is a sick-haired young man, and Pijon in France is a pigeon.
• Solitaire - from French "patience", we have this card game.
• Bevel (view of the air cake) - a beautiful French word meaning a kiss.
• Vinaigrette (vegetable salad), Vigerre is just a vinegar from the French.
• Dessert - Initially, this word in France said cleaning from the table, and much later - the last dish, after which is cleaned.

Language of love

Tet-a tete (meeting one for one), Randevo (date), Visazavi (on the contrary) - these are words and immigrants from France. Amor (love) is a beautiful French word, so many times exciting the minds of the Beloved. The stunning language of romance, tenderness and adorations, whose melodic murmur will not leave anyone indifferent.

The classic "same TEM" is used to designate strong, all-consuming love, and if they add "Biana" to these words - then the meaning will change: it will mean "I like you."

Peak popularity

French words in Russian for the first time began to appear during the times of Peter the Great, and since the end of the eighteenth century, they significantly move their native speech aside. French became the leading language of the highest society. All correspondence (especially love) was carried out exclusively in French, beautiful long tirades filled out banquet halls and negotiation rooms. At the courtyard of Emperor Alexander, the third was considered a shame (Movetona - Nepreaty) not to know the franc language, the stigma of the magician immediately hung, so the French teachers enjoyed in great demand.

The situation has changed due to the novel in verses "Evgeny Onegin", in which the author Alexander Sergeevich did a very subtle, writing a monologue-letter Tatyana to Onegin, in Russian (although he thought in French, being Russians, as historians say.) He returned this. Former glory native language.

Popular phrases in French

Comilfo translated from French means "as it should", that is, something made by Comilfo - made in all the rules and wishes.

• CE LA VI! - A very famous phrase, meaning "such life".
• The same Tam - the worldwide glory brought singer Lara Fabian in the song "Je T'aime!" - I love you.
• Fer Famm - Also, all the famous "Looking for a woman"
• Ger, coma larr - "In war, as in war." Words from a song that Boyarsky sang in the popular film of all the time "Three Musketeers".
• Bon Mo is a sharp little word.
• Feson de Parl - manner talk.
• Ki Famme Vyu - Die Le Vyo - "What a woman wants, God wants."
• Anthor Well Saoo Di - between us is said.

The history of the emergence of several words

All the famous word "Marmalad" is an articraft "Marie Est Malade" - Marie Pain.

In the Middle Ages, Stuart suffered from marine sickness during trips and refused food. Personal physician prescribed her slices of oranges with peel, densely sprinkled with sugar, and the cook-Frenchman prepared brazers from Quince to excite the appetite. If these two dishes ordered in the kitchen, they immediately whispered between the courts: "Marie Porost!" (Marie Ey Malad).

Shantrap - a word denoting loafers, sleepwear, also came from France. Children who did not have a musical hearing and good vocal data were not taken to the church choir singer ("Chantra Pas" - not sings), so they walked out without the streets, punching and having fun. They were asked: "Why idle?" In response: "Chantrap".

Ushoffe - (Chauffe - heating, heater) with the prefix sub-, that is, heated, under the influence of heat, accepted for "warming up". Beautiful french word, and the meaning is the opposite.

By the way, everyone knows why it was so called? But this is a French name, also a handbag, too, from there - Ridicul. Shamo - translated as "hat", and "klyak" is akin to slap. The hat folded with a slap is a folding cylinder, what a harmful old woman wore.

The silhouette is the last name of the Finance Controller at the court of Louis Fifteenth, who was famous for his burden for luxury and diverse spending. The treasury was very quickly empty and to correct the situation, the king appointed a young unlikely Etienne Silhouette, who immediately forbade all the guys, balls and peers. Everything became gray and dim, and the fashion model arising in the same time on an image of the outlining of the subject of dark color on a white background - in honor of the minister-socks.

Beautiful French words diverse your speech

Recently, the tattoos from the words stopped being only English and Japanese (as the fashion dictated), and more often began to come across French, with some of them with an interesting meaning.

French is considered quite complicated, having many nuances and details. To know well, it is necessary to learn more often to learn more than one year, but it is not necessary to use several winged and beautiful phrases. Two or three words inserted at the right time in a conversation will divert your vocabulary and make speech in French emotional and alive.