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Private bussiness Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov (1904-1990) was born in the village of Novaya Chigla, Voronezh province, into a family of peasants. After graduating from the parochial school, in the midst of civil war, worked as a laborer, clerk. Then he completed his studies at a gymnasium school, transferred to the village from the county Bobrov. In 1924 he entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Voronezh University. The scholarship was small, the future scientist worked part-time as private lessons, unloading wagons, and during the holidays, when he came home, he worked as an accountant at a mill. After graduating from the university in 1928, he was sent as a teacher to the Kozlov school (now Michurinsk). In 1930 he met his future wife Maria Putintseva. Their daughter, physicist Elena Cherenkova wrote about this period: “Here [in Kozlov] they met, here their joint further way. Beautiful, smart, well-read, hardworking, cheerful, believing in the broad horizons that open up for the country and youth. In the summer, they traveled around the Crimea on a tour. After reading the ad in the newspaper, Pavel wrote an application for admission to graduate school at the Leningrad Physics and Mathematics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, passed an interview and was accepted. After enrolling in graduate school in the autumn of 1930, the scientist began to live in Leningrad, Maria was able to come to him after the end of the trial of her father, a professor of philology at Voronezh University, who in November 1930 was arrested on the "case of local historians" and sentenced to five years in camps. In April 1931, the Cherenkovs registered their marriage. In 1932, the first-born Alexei was born in the family, four years later, already in Moscow, daughter Elena appeared. In graduate school, Cherenkov's supervisor was Sergei Vavilov, director of the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Mathematics. The young scientist got an outwardly simple and unattractive topic on the study of the luminescence of uranyl salts. The observation of this phenomenon was hindered by an additional background glow, which could not be eliminated. Cherenkov's first publication on a new type of radiation was published in 1934. In 1937, Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm, on the advice of Vavilov, who gave the primary justification for radiation, were able to describe its radiation on the basis of classical electrodynamics. In the same year, Cherenkov published an article in which he proposed using this radiation to measure the velocities of fast electrons. Subsequently, this led to the creation of a variety of detectors named after him. At first, Cherenkov's article was not accepted in the journal Nature, it was published by The Physical Review. In 1938, scientists D. V. Collins and V. D. Reiling succeeded in repeating Cherenkov's experiment; they were also the first to use the term Cherenkov radiation. In the fall of 1958, Cherenkov, together with Frank and Tamm, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. The scientist's daughter recalled that his wife Soviet ambassador in Sweden “told my mother in detail about the requirements for clothing. For men - tailcoats, for women - dresses of a certain length, always with a neckline, only natural decorations, no furs, even the most expensive ones. Dresses should not be repeated at any reception. She told about the manner of carrying on, depending on the title of the person's vis-a-vis. Cherenkov's wife was the only relative who was released with Soviet scientists to the awards ceremony. She also told the children about what she saw: “The Nobel celebrations fall on the days before Christmas. The shop windows looked especially festive. Now it is difficult for many to imagine how monotonous and miserable our shop windows of the 58th year were. Mom appreciated the life that she saw in Sweden as follows: "Everything is like we had before the revolution." Since 1935, Cherenkov was an employee Institute of Physics them. P. N. Lebedeva (FIAN), since 1948 - professor at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, since 1951 - professor at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI). He created and for many years permanently headed the Department of High Energy Physics at the FIAN branch in Troitsk, Moscow Region. Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1964, full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1970. What is famous He discovered the "Vavilov-Cherenkov effect" - a glow caused in a transparent medium by charged particles that move at a speed exceeding the speed of light in this medium. This radiation is widely used to detect relativistic particles and determine their velocities. Cherenkov - Hero of Socialist Labor (1984), winner of two Stalin Prizes (1946, 1952) and the State Prize of the USSR (1977). One of the few domestic scientists who received the Nobel Prize in Physics. What you need to know Pavel Cherenkov The Cherenkov family - both his parents and his wife's parents - were touched Stalinist repressions. In 1932, his father-in-law, Professor Alexei Putintsev, was released from the camp. In subsequent years, he, along with his wife, was forced to wander around the country in search of work and housing. In 1937 he died. In the same year, his brother, priest Mikhail Putintsev, was arrested. Direct speech: About the “Cherenkov glow” (B. B. Govorkov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences): “I was lucky to work all my life in Cherenkov’s laboratory. Therefore, many details of the research that led to the discovery of the Cherenkov effect became known to me from the lips of Pavel Alekseevich himself. So, to my question how he managed to see the extremely weak new radiation for the first time, he replied that he had observed a new glow for the first time during background experiments. Vavilov set before him, then a graduate student, the task of studying the luminescence of solutions of uranyl salts when they were irradiated with gamma quanta from a radioactive radium source. While measuring the luminescence of the solutions mentioned, Cherenkov decided to see if the walls of the glass cup and the pure solvent itself, sulfuric acid, did not influence the luminescence. Pavel Alekseevich said that, noticing the glow of a glass with pure solvent, he was very surprised. Then he went to the warehouse of the Physical Institute. P. N. Lebedev (FIAN) and collected all the transparent liquids there. Returning to the laboratory, he repeated the experiments on observing the glow with other pure substances. All liquids glowed! And all with approximately equal intensity (± 15%). Attempts to extinguish the glow according to the methods developed by Vavilov and his students (using extinguishing additives, heating liquids, etc.) turned out to be unsuccessful - all liquids glowed and that's it! At the next meeting with his supervisor, Pavel Alekseevich spoke in detail about the unexpected result of the background measurements. As a result of the discussion, new plans and ideas appeared in setting up experiments proving the non-luminescent nature of radiation, in particular, elucidating the role of electrons in obtaining new radiation. On the modesty of a scientist (the same author): “During one of the meetings of the above-mentioned conference (International Conference on Equipment in High Energy Physics, held in 1970 in Dubna), where his name was mentioned in every report: Cherenkov counters, Cherenkov spectrometers, Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation, etc., Pavel Alekseevich leaned towards me and said quietly in my ear: “Boris Borisovich, you know, it always seems to me that all this does not apply to me. That somewhere, once lived another Cherenkov, that's what everyone is talking about." The daughter of a scientist, Elena Cherenkova, about her father's activities after the Nobel Prize was awarded: “In the following years after 1958, his problems were scientific and scientific-organizational. From work on the creation of accelerators elementary particles he was distracted by numerous trips: to scientific conferences, meetings of a scientific and organizational nature, on the affairs of the Committee for the Protection of Peace, of an anniversary nature. Especially interesting for the Pope were the anniversary celebrations dedicated to the 350th anniversary of the publication of Galileo's works "Dialogues about two major systems world - Ptolemaic and Copernican" and the 150th anniversary of the birth of Nobel. 5 facts about Pavel Cherenkov: First " scientific experiment”spent in childhood: he touched the frosty doorknob with his tongue. In his mature years he was fond of art and sports. “The infinitely inquisitive nature of his father attracted him to campaigns, attracted him to reading books of the most diverse, last years to painting and music. He always preferred active recreation. Skiing in winter, tennis and walking in summer. Tennis was his great passion. He loved to participate in competitions, he loved to string strings on rackets, ”recalled his daughter Elena Cherenkova. He laid the foundation for Troitsk tennis, built the first tennis court in this city near Moscow. He liked to shoot with a camera and print his own pictures. According to his daughter, "left great amount photographs (unfortunately, there are few images of himself on them). 1958 became one of the most fruitful years in the international recognition of the USSR. Along with Cherenkov, Frank and Tamm, who received the Nobel Prize in physics, Boris Pasternak was awarded the same award in literature. However, the Soviet leadership forced him to refuse the award.
Cherenkov Pavel Alekseevich Father - Alexei Egorovich Cherenkov. At the end of 1930, he was "dispossessed" by the Bolsheviks in Novaya Chigla. In 1931, he was convicted and sent into exile for belonging to the Socialist-Revolutionary Party and for participating in the "kulak" gathering of 1930. In 1937 he was arrested again, in 1938 he was convicted and shot for counter-revolutionary agitation. Mother - Maria Cherenkova.
Wife - Maria Alekseevna Putintseva, children - Alexei (born in 1932, Elena, born in 1936) Member of the CPSU(b)-CPSU since 1946. Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1964). Full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1970). Cherenkov's main works are devoted to physical optics, nuclear physics, and high-energy particle physics. In 1934, he discovered a specific blue glow of transparent liquids when irradiated with fast charged particles. He showed the difference between this type of radiation and fluorescence. In 1936, he established its main property - the directivity of radiation, the formation of a light cone, the axis of which coincides with the trajectory of the particle. The theory of Cherenkov radiation was developed in 1937 by I. E. Tamm and I. M. Frank. The Vavilov-Cherenkov effect underlies the operation of detectors of fast charged particles (Cherenkov counters). Cherenkov participated in the creation of synchrotrons, in particular the 250 MeV synchrotron (Stalin Prize, 1952). In 1958, together with Tamm and Frank, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery and interpretation of the Cherenkov effect." Manne Sigban of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences noted in his speech that “the discovery of the phenomenon now known as the Cherenkov effect is an interesting example of how a relatively simple physical observation, if done right, can lead to important discoveries and pave the way for further research.” Completed a series of works on the splitting of helium and other light nuclei by high-energy γ-quanta (USSR State Prize, 1977). Stalin Prize (1946, 1951); USSR State Prize (1977); Nobel Prize in Physics (1958) (jointly with I. E. Tamm and I. M. Frank) Hero of Socialist Labor (1984); State awards:
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An excerpt characterizing Cherenkov, Pavel Alekseevich
On the stage there were even boards in the middle, painted pictures depicting trees stood on the sides, and a canvas on boards was stretched behind. In the middle of the stage were girls in red corsages and white skirts. One, very fat, in a white silk dress, was sitting especially on a low stool, to which a green cardboard was pasted at the back. They all sang something. When they finished their song, the girl in white went up to the prompter's booth, and a man in tight-fitting silk pantaloons on thick legs, with a feather and a dagger, came up to her and began to sing and spread his arms.The man in tight trousers sang alone, then she sang. Then they both fell silent, the music began to play, and the man began to run his fingers over the hand of the girl in the white dress, obviously waiting for the beat again to begin his part with her. They sang together, and everyone in the theater began to clap and shout, and the man and woman on the stage, who portrayed lovers, began to bow, smiling and spreading their arms.
After the village, and in the serious mood in which Natasha was, all this was wild and surprising to her. She could not follow the progress of the opera, could not even hear the music: she saw only painted cardboard and strangely dressed men and women moving, talking and singing strangely in the bright light; she knew what all this was supposed to represent, but it was all so pretentiously false and unnatural that she felt ashamed of the actors, then laughed at them. She looked around her, at the faces of the spectators, looking for in them the same sense of mockery and bewilderment that was in her; but all the faces were attentive to what was happening on the stage and expressed feigned, as it seemed to Natasha, admiration. "It must be so necessary!" thought Natasha. She alternately looked either at these rows of pomaded heads in the stalls, or at the naked women in the boxes, especially at her neighbor Helen, who, completely undressed, with a quiet and calm smile, without taking her eyes off the stage, feeling the bright light spilled throughout the hall and the warm, crowd-warmed air. Natasha, little by little, began to come into a state of intoxication she had not experienced for a long time. She did not remember what she was and where she was and what was happening before her. She looked and thought, and the strangest thoughts suddenly, without connection, flashed through her head. Now she had the idea of jumping up on the ramp and singing the aria that the actress sang, then she wanted to hook the old man who was sitting not far from her with a fan, then bend over to Helen and tickle her.
At one of the minutes, when everything was quiet on the stage, waiting for the beginning of the aria, the front door of the parterre creaked, on the side where the Rostovs' box was, and the steps of a belated man sounded. "Here he is Kuragin!" whispered Shinshin. Countess Bezukhova, smiling, turned to the incoming person. Natasha looked in the direction of Countess Bezukhova's eyes and saw an unusually handsome adjutant, with a self-confident and at the same time courteous look, approaching their box. It was Anatole Kuragin, whom she had long seen and noticed at the St. Petersburg ball. He was now in the uniform of an aide-de-camp, with one epaulette and an exelbane. He walked with a restrained, valiant gait, which would have been ridiculous if he were not so good-looking and if there were not such an expression of good-natured contentment and merriment on his beautiful face. Despite the fact that the action was going on, he, slowly, slightly jingling his spurs and saber, smoothly and high, carrying his perfumed beautiful head, walked along the carpet of the corridor. Glancing at Natasha, he went up to his sister, put his gloved hand on the edge of her box, shook her head and leaned over to ask something, pointing to Natasha.
Mais charmante! [Very nice!] - he said, obviously about Natasha, as she not only heard, but understood from the movement of his lips. Then he went into the first row and sat down beside Dolokhov, friendly and casually elbowing that Dolokhov, whom others treated so ingratiatingly. He winked merrily, smiled at him and put his foot on the ramp.
How similar brother and sister are! the count said. And how good both are!
Shinshin in an undertone began to tell the count some story of Kuragin's intrigue in Moscow, to which Natasha listened precisely because he said charmante about her.
The first act ended, everyone in the stalls got up, got mixed up and began to walk and go out.
Boris came to the Rostovs' box, accepted congratulations very simply, and, raising his eyebrows, with an absent-minded smile, conveyed to Natasha and Sonya the request of his bride to be at her wedding, and left. Natasha, with a cheerful and coquettish smile, talked to him and congratulated on his marriage the same Boris with whom she had been in love before. In the state of intoxication in which she was, everything seemed simple and natural.
Naked Helen sat beside her and smiled the same way at everyone; and Natasha smiled at Boris in exactly the same way.
Helen's box was filled and surrounded on the side of the stalls by the most noble and intelligent men, who seemed to vied with each other to show everyone that they knew her.
Kuragin stood all this intermission with Dolokhov in front of the ramp, looking at the Rostov box. Natasha knew that he was talking about her, and it gave her pleasure. She even turned so that he could see her profile, in her opinion, in the most advantageous position. Before the start of the second act, the figure of Pierre appeared in the stalls, whom the Rostovs had not seen since their arrival. His face was sad, and he had grown even fatter since Natasha had last seen him. He, not noticing anyone, went to the front rows. Anatole went up to him and began to say something to him, looking and pointing to the Rostov box. Pierre, seeing Natasha, perked up and hurriedly, along the rows, went to their bed. Going up to them, he leaned on his elbows and, smiling, talked for a long time with Natasha. During her conversation with Pierre, Natasha heard in the box of Countess Bezukhova male voice and for some reason I found out that it was Kuragin. She looked back and met his eyes. He looked almost smiling straight into her eyes with such an admiring, affectionate look that it seemed strange to be so close to him, to look at him like that, to be so sure that he liked you, and not to be familiar with him.
In the second act there were paintings depicting monuments and there was a hole in the canvas depicting the moon, and the lampshades on the ramp were raised, and trumpets and double basses began to play bass, and many people in black robes came out to the right and left. People began to wave their hands, and in their hands they had something like daggers; then some other people came running and began to drag away that girl who was formerly in white, but now in a blue dress. They didn’t drag her away right away, but sang with her for a long time, and then they dragged her away, and behind the scenes they hit something metal three times, and everyone knelt down and sang a prayer. Several times all these actions were interrupted by the enthusiastic cries of the audience.
During this act, every time Natasha looked into the stalls, she saw Anatole Kuragin, throwing his arm over the back of the chair and looking at her. She was pleased to see that he was so captivated by her, and it did not occur to her that there was something bad in this.
When the second act was over, Countess Bezukhova got up, turned to the Rostovs' box (her chest was completely bare), beckoned the old count to her with a gloved finger, and not paying attention to those who entered her box, she began talking to him kindly smiling.
“Yes, introduce me to your lovely daughters,” she said, “the whole city is shouting about them, but I don’t know them.
Natasha got up and sat down to the magnificent countess. Natasha was so pleased with the praise of this brilliant beauty that she blushed with pleasure.
“Now I also want to become a Muscovite,” Helen said. - And how shameless you are to bury such pearls in the village!
Countess Bezukhaya, in fairness, had a reputation as a charming woman. She could say what she did not think, and especially flatter, quite simply and naturally.
- No, dear count, you let me take care of your daughters. At least I won't be here for long. And you too. I will try to amuse yours. I heard a lot about you in St. Petersburg, and I wanted to get to know you, ”she said to Natasha with her uniformly beautiful smile. - I heard about you from my page - Drubetskoy. Did you hear he's getting married? And from a friend of my husband - Bolkonsky, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, - she said with special emphasis, hinting that she knew his relationship with Natasha. - She asked, in order to get to know each other better, to allow one of the young ladies to sit the rest of the performance in her box, and Natasha went over to her.
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PAVEL ALEKSEEVICH CHERENKOV
"PAVEL ALEKSEEVICH CHERENKOV"
Pavel Alekseevich Cherenkov was born on July 28, 1904 in the village of Novaya Chigla Voronezh region in a peasant family. After graduating from high school, Pavel enters the Voronezh State University from which he graduated in 1928. After that, Cherenkov first entered the preparatory, and then in 1932 the main department of the Physics (then Physics and Mathematics) Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1930, Cherenkov married Maria Putintseva, the daughter of a professor of Russian literature. They had two children.
Start scientific activity Cherenkov refers to 1932, when he, under the leadership of S.I. Vavilova began to study the luminescence of solutions of uranyl salts under the action of gamma rays.
At first, in full accordance with the Vavilov-Stokes law, Cherenkov transformed the huge gamma quanta of the radiation source into small quanta visible light, that is, luminesced.
“It is interesting,” the scientist reasoned, “how will it change if the concentration is increased? And if, on the contrary, the solution is diluted with water? Of course, it is not the general picture that is important, but a precisely expressed physical law.”
For the time being, no surprises: less dissolved salts - less luminescence.
“Finally, only traces of uranyl remain in the solution. Now, of course, there can be no glow.
But what is it?! Cherenkov does not believe his eyes. Uranil remained a homeopathic dose, but the glow continues. True, it is very weak, but it continues. What's the matter?
Cherenkov pours out the liquid, thoroughly rinses the vessel and pours distilled water into it. What is it? Pure water glows just like a weak solution. But until now, everyone was sure that distilled water is incapable of luminescence.
Vavilov advises the graduate student to try using a different material instead of a glass vessel. Cherenkov takes a platinum crucible and pours the purest water into it. Under the bottom of the vessel is placed an ampoule with one hundred and four milligrams of radium. Gamma rays break out of a tiny hole in the ampoule and, penetrating the platinum bottom and the liquid layer, fall into the lens of the device, aimed from above at the contents of the crucible.
Again adaptation to the darkness, again observation, and ... again an incomprehensible glow.
This is not luminescence, - Sergey Ivanovich says firmly. - It's something else. Something new, unknown to science optical phenomenon.
It soon becomes clear to everyone that two glows take place in Cherenkov's experiments. One of them is luminescence. However, it is observed only in concentrated solutions. In distilled water, under the influence of gamma irradiation, flickering is caused by a different reason ...
How will other liquids behave? Maybe it's not the water?
The graduate student fills the crucible in turn with various alcohols, toluene, and other substances. In total, he tests sixteen of the purest liquids. And a faint glow is always observed. Amazing business! It turns out to be very close in intensity for all materials. Carbon tetrachloride is the most luminous of all, isobutane alcohol is the weakest of all, but the difference in their luminescence does not exceed 25 percent.
Cherenkov is trying to extinguish the glow with special substances, which are considered the strongest quenchers of ordinary luminescence.
"PAVEL ALEKSEEVICH CHERENKOV"
He adds silver nitrate, potassium iodide, aniline to the liquid ... There is no (extinguishing) effect: the glow continues. What to do?
On the advice of the manager, he heats the liquid. This always strongly affects the luminescence: it weakens and even stops altogether. But in this case, the brightness of the glow does not change at all. It turns out that there really is some special, hitherto unknown phenomenon? What is it?"
In 1934, the first two reports on a new type of radiation appeared in the "Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR": Cherenkov, who presented the results of experiments in detail, and Vavilov, who tried to explain them.
The mysterious glow could only be seen within a narrow cone, the axis of which coincided with the direction of the gamma radiation. Taking this circumstance into account, the young scientist placed his device in a strong magnetic field. And then he was convinced that the field deflects a narrow cone of glow to the side. But this is possible only for electrically charged particles, such as electrons. To finally verify this, Cherenkov used a different type of radiation - beta rays, which are a stream of fast electrons. He irradiated them with the same liquids as before, and received the same light effect as with gamma irradiation.
So it was found out that a mysterious optical phenomenon occurs only where there is a movement of fast electrons.
An explanation of the mechanism for converting the motion of electrons into the motion of photons of an unusual glow was given in 1937 by Soviet physicists Frank and Tamm. Electrons travel faster than light travels in a given medium, and as a result, unusual phenomenon: electromagnetic waves generated by electrons lag behind their parents and cause a glow.
Soon a catchphrase appeared: "The Greeks heard the voices of stars, and in the Cherenkov glow, the voices of electrons are heard. These are singing electrons."
In 1935, Cherenkov graduated from graduate school and defended his Ph.D. thesis, after which he received the position of senior researcher at the Physical Institute. Lebedev Academy of Sciences of the USSR (FIAN).
He continued to explore the glow he had discovered. In 1936 he established characteristic property new type of radiation - a kind of spatial asymmetry ("Cherenkov cone").
After the appearance of the quantitative theory of the phenomenon developed by Tamm and Frank, Cherenkov confirmed it in all details in a series of subtle experiments. Cherenkov's fundamental works on the study of the radiation of charged particles moving at superluminal speeds, discovered by him, were a significant contribution to world science and are recognized as classics.
“In addition to their fundamental scientific significance, Cherenkov radiations also have great practical value,” writes I.M. Dunskaya. “Its role in high-energy physics is extremely important. When a fast particle moves in a medium, a directed light flash occurs, which is recorded using a photomultiplier. Such counters are used both to detect fast charged particles and to determine their properties: direction of motion, magnitude of charge, speed, etc. Cherenkov counters, due to the characteristic features of radiation, significantly expand the possibilities of experiment and make it possible to perform experiments that are impossible using conventional luminescent counters .
In particular, Cherenkov radiation was used in experiments to detect the antiproton. It also makes it possible to observe the fastest particles of cosmic rays."
For the work on the discovery and study of this phenomenon, Cherenkov, together with Vavilov, Tamm and Frank, was first awarded the State Prize in 1946, and in 1958 (after Vavilov's death) Cherenkov, Tamm and Frank were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
In the post-war years, Cherenkov was engaged for some time in the study of cosmic rays, and also took a leading part in the development and construction of light particle accelerators. So, in January 1948, under his leadership, the first betatron in the USSR was launched. At the same time, Cherenkov takes part in the design and construction of the FIAN synchrotron at 250 MeV, for which he received the State Prize in 1951. Soon after the launch of the synchrotron, the scientist took charge of all the work to improve it, which made it possible to develop work on the study of electromagnetic interactions in the region of high-energy photons. In the Laboratory of Photomeson Processes headed by Cherenkov, a number of very interesting results were obtained in the study of the photodisintegration of helium, the photoproduction of pi-mesons, and the photodisintegration of some light nuclei by the method of induced activity.
In the mid-fifties, Cherenkov, together with I.V. Chuvilo, experimentally investigated the photofission of nuclei of heavy elements. Then, under the leadership of Pavel Alekseevich, a new method for the accumulation and production of colliding electron-positron beams was successfully developed. In 1963-1965, detailed studies of this method were carried out, and at the beginning of 1966 its fundamental possibility was experimentally tested at the 280 MeV synchrotron of the Lebedev Physical Institute. Thus, for the first time in the practice of a physical experiment, colliding beams of electrons and positrons were obtained.
"Works on the accumulation and production of colliding beams in accelerators are of paramount importance for high-energy physics," notes I.M. Dunskaya. in the field of high and ultrahigh energies. This method was subsequently used to obtain colliding beams at the largest electron accelerator in Cambridge (USA)."
In 1964, Pavel Alekseevich was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and in 1970, a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1977, for a series of studies on the splitting of light nuclei by high-energy gamma quanta using the method of cloud chambers operating in powerful beams of electron accelerators, Cherenkov was awarded the State Prize of the USSR.
In addition to scientific activities, Cherenkov led a large pedagogical work, first since 1948 as a professor at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, and since 1951 at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. He gave a start in life a large number researchers.
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On the site you will learn little-known information from the fate of celebrities; fresh news from cultural and scientific activities, family and personal life of stars; reliable facts of the biography of prominent inhabitants of the planet. All information is conveniently organized. The material is presented in a simple and clear, easy to read and interestingly designed form. We have tried to ensure that our visitors receive the necessary information here with pleasure and great interest.
When you want to find out details from the biography of famous people, you often start looking for information from many reference books and articles scattered all over the Internet. Now, for your convenience, all the facts and the most complete information from the life of interesting and public people are collected in one place.
the site will tell in detail about the biography famous people left their mark on human history, both in ancient times and in our modern world. Here you can learn more about the life, work, habits, environment and family of your favorite idol. About the success stories of bright and extraordinary people. About great scientists and politicians. Schoolchildren and students will draw on our resource the necessary and relevant material from the biography of great people for various reports, essays and term papers.
Finding out the biographies of interesting people who have earned the recognition of mankind is often a very exciting activity, since the stories of their destinies capture no less than others. works of art. For some, such reading can serve as a strong impetus for their own accomplishments, give confidence in themselves, and help them cope with a difficult situation. There are even statements that when studying the success stories of other people, in addition to motivation for action, leadership qualities are also manifested in a person, strength of mind and perseverance in achieving goals are strengthened.
It is also interesting to read the biographies of rich people posted with us, whose perseverance on the path to success is worthy of imitation and respect. Big names of past centuries and present days will always arouse the curiosity of historians and ordinary people. And we set ourselves the goal of satisfying this interest to the fullest extent. Do you want to show off your erudition, prepare thematic material, or are you just interested in learning everything about historical figure- go to the site.
Fans of reading people's biographies can learn from their life experience, learn from someone else's mistakes, compare themselves with poets, artists, scientists, draw important conclusions for themselves, and improve themselves using the experience of an extraordinary personality.
By studying the biographies of successful people, the reader will learn how great discoveries and achievements were made that gave humanity a chance to ascend to a new stage in its development. What obstacles and difficulties had to overcome many famous people arts or scientists, famous doctors and researchers, businessmen and rulers.
And how exciting it is to plunge into the life story of a traveler or discoverer, imagine yourself as a commander or a poor artist, learn the love story of a great ruler and get to know the family of an old idol.
The biographies of interesting people on our site are conveniently structured so that visitors can easily find information about any person in the database. the right person. Our team strived to ensure that you like both simple, intuitive navigation, and easy, interesting style of writing articles, and original page design.
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