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| Maximum permissible emission standards for the enterprise. Maximum permissible emission and their standards. Development of waste reduction techniques |
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Rationing in the field of environmental protection is carried out for the purpose of state regulation of the impact of economic and other activities on the environment, guaranteeing the preservation of a favorable environment and ensuring environmental safety. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 19 of the Federal Law of 10.01.2002 No. 7-FZ "On Environmental Protection" (as amended on June 25, 2012) regulation in the field of environmental protection consists in the establishment of environmental quality standards, standards for permissible environmental impact in the implementation of economic and other activities, other standards in the field of environmental protection, as well as regulatory documents in the field of environmental protection. One of the types of permissible exposure standards established for users of natural resources are emission limits(PDV). In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 14 of the Federal Law of 04.05.1999 No. 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" (as amended on 25.06.2012; hereinafter - Federal Law No. 96-FZ) emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air (hereinafter - emission) by stationary source is allowed on the basis of a permit issued by the territorial body of the federal executive body in the field of environmental protection, by the executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state management in the field of environmental protection, in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that the approval of MPE standards and the issuance of emission permits are two different administrative procedures that require time. According to clause 10 of the Administrative Regulations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resource Use for the provision of state services for the issuance of permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air (except for radioactive substances), approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated 25.07.2011 No. 650 (hereinafter - Administrative Regulations), in order to obtain a permit for emissions in the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor, the application must be accompanied, among other things, by the established and valid MPE and Temporarily Agreed Emissions (TEM) standards for each specific stationary source of emissions and the economic entity as a whole ( including its separate production areas) or on separate production areas. Thus, it can be concluded that if an enterprise has stationary (organized and unorganized) sources of emissions, it must obtain an emission permit. And an enterprise can obtain this permission only on the basis of approved MPE standards. The obligations of legal entities with stationary sources of emissions are listed in Art. 30 of Federal Law No. 96-FZ. One of these responsibilities is to ensure the conduct of emission inventories and the development of ELVs. MPEs are established by the territorial bodies of the federal executive body in the field of environmental protection for a specific stationary source of emissions and their aggregate (the organization as a whole). According to paragraph 4 of Art. 12 of the Federal Law No. 96-FZ in case of impossibility of compliance by legal entities, individual entrepreneurs with emission sources, the MPE, the territorial bodies of the federal executive body in the field of environmental protection may establish for such sources VES in agreement with the territorial bodies of other federal executive bodies. Our dictionary. Maximum permissible emission(MPE) - the maximum permissible emission standard, which is established for a stationary source of atmospheric air pollution, taking into account the technical standards for emissions and background air pollution, provided that this source does not exceed the hygienic and environmental standards for atmospheric air quality, the maximum permissible (critical) loads on ecological systems, other environmental standards. Temporarily matched emission(ВСВ) - a temporary emission limit, which is set for operating stationary emission sources, taking into account the quality of atmospheric air and the socio-economic conditions of the development of the corresponding territory in order to gradually achieve the established maximum permissible emission. Consequently, in order to find out whether the company is obliged to fulfill the obligations established by Art. 30 of Federal Law No. 96-FZ, it is necessary to determine whether the enterprise has emission sources that are stationary objects of negative impact. In clauses 3, 4 of the Procedure for maintaining state registration of objects that have a negative impact on the environment by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Appendix to Rostekhnadzor Order No. 867 dated November 24, 2005), the following definitions of stationary and mobile objects of negative impact are given:
Today, state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs with emission sources and the amount and composition of emissions (hereinafter - state registration) is carried out by Rosprirodnadzor in accordance with the Procedure for state registration of legal entities, individual entrepreneurs with sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmosphere. air, as well as the amount and composition of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated October 26, 2011 No. 863 (hereinafter - the Accounting Procedure). It should be noted that there are no definitions for mobile and stationary emission sources in the Accounting Procedure. At the same time in sub. “B” clause 7 of the Accounting Procedure lists the information (data) on the sources of emissions that must be indicated when registering with the state. So, when submitting information about a mobile source of emissions, it is necessary to indicate:
Thus, the main criterion for determining a mobile object today is operation on a certain type of fuel, and the calculation of the payment for emissions of mobile objects is made based on the volume of fuel used. Mobile sources of emissions include a variety of vehicles. Mobile installations used on the territory of the enterprise are mainly classified as stationary sources of emissions. After determining the presence of operated stationary sources of emissions on the territory of the enterprise, it is necessary to find out whether these sources are subject to state accounting and regulation. Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 31, 2010 No. 579 approved the Procedure for Establishing Sources of Emissions of Harmful (Polluting) Substances into the Air Subject to State Accounting and Regulation (hereinafter - the Procedure) and the List of Harmful (Polluting) Substances Subject to State Registration and Regulation (hereinafter - the List ). TO sources of emissions subject to state accounting and regulation, include sources of emissions from which harmful (polluting) substances are emitted into the atmospheric air, subject to state accounting and regulation. In turn, harmful (polluting) substances specified in the List, as well as harmful (polluting) substances not included in the List, that meet one of the criteria are subject to state accounting and regulation:
So, if the emissions from stationary sources of the enterprise contain substances specified in the List or meeting one of the above criteria, i.e. subject to state accounting and regulation, then in this case it is necessary to develop a draft MPE, approve MPE standards (ELV) and obtain a permit for emissions. Within the framework of this article, the issue of developing a draft MPE will not be considered. No less interesting is the question about the actions of the enterprise after the development of this project. After the MPE project has been developed, it must be approved, established MPE standards (ELV), and obtain a permit for emissions. The company must have an idea of the time frame for approvals and on the basis of which the company may be refused. To date, regulatory legal acts the procedure for establishing MPE standards is not regulated... Thus, the approval period and grounds for refusal to approve the draft MPE have not been established either. In accordance with clause 6 of the Regulation on the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03/02/2000 No. 183 (as amended on 09/04/2012), the maximum permissible emissions for a specific a stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air and a legal entity as a whole or its individual production areas, taking into account all sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air of this legal entity or its individual production areas, background air pollution and technical standards emissions are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor (with the exception of radioactive substances) in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of these maximum permissible emissions with sanitary rules. According to clause 6 of the Procedure for organizing and conducting sanitary and epidemiological examinations, examinations, studies, tests and toxicological, hygienic and other types of assessments, approved by Order of Rospotrebnadzor dated 19.07.2007 No. 224 (as amended on 12.08.2010), the term of the sanitary and epidemiological examinations at the request of a citizen, individual entrepreneur, legal entity is determined depending on the type and volume of research of a specific type of product, type of activity, work, services and cannot exceed two months. Further, on the basis of an expert opinion, the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor issues a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. The term for issuing a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is also not regulated. Consequently, according to the Model Regulations for the Internal Organization of Federal Executive Bodies, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 452 dated July 28, 2005 (as amended on December 27, 2012), the term for issuing a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion is 30 days. The MPE and VEV standards are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor (with the exception of radioactive substances) for a specific stationary source of emissions and their totality (the organization as a whole). According to clause 8.13 of the Regulations of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, approved by Order of Rosprirodnadzor dated June 29, 2007 No. 191 (as amended on October 15, 2009), the head (deputy head) of the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor shall send a response to the applicant within 30 days from the date of registration applications to Rosprirodnadzor, unless a different term is specified in the order. If necessary, the period for consideration of the appeal can be extended by the head of the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor, but for no more than 30 days, while informing the applicant and indicating the reasons for the extension. Thus, according to the general regulation of appeal on issues related to the activities of Rosprirodnadzor, period for approval of MPE standards - 30 days(may be extended by the head of Rosprirodnadzor for 30 days). On a note. The MPE project is being developed in accordance with the Methodology for calculating the concentration of harmful substances in the atmospheric air contained in the emissions of enterprises (OND-86) (approved by the State Committee for Hydromet of the USSR on 08/04/1986 No. 192), GOST 17.2.3.02-78 “Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for Establishing Permissible Emissions of Harmful Substances by Industrial Enterprises ", Recommendations on the design and content of draft standards for maximum permissible emissions into the atmosphere (MPE) for an enterprise (approved by the USSR State Committee for Hydrometry on 08/28/1987) and other regulatory and methodological documents. Since the legislation does not establish grounds for refusing to approve the draft MPE, it means that if the draft MPE is executed in accordance with the requirements of the above documents and received a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, then the refusal to establish the MPE is illegal. After receiving the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the MPE project, approval of the MPE (VES) standards, the enterprise applies to the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor or the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation to obtain a permit for emissions. In accordance with the Administrative Regulations, the territorial body of Rosprirodnadzor makes a decision to issue or refuse to issue an emission permit within a period not exceeding 30 working days. The ground for refusal to issue permits for emissions is the presence of distorted information or inaccurate information in the applicant's materials. No other grounds have been established for refusing to issue emission permits. In conclusion, I answer the question most often asked by nature users: "And what threatens us if we do not develop the MPE project and do not receive a permit for emissions?" In the absence of permits, emissions can be limited, suspended or stopped in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In addition, according to Art. 31 of Federal Law No. 96-FZ, persons guilty of violating the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of atmospheric air protection bear criminal, administrative and other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. So, according to Art. 8.21 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the release of harmful substances into the atmospheric air or harmful physical impact on it without special permission entails imposition of an administrative fine:
E.N. Kolchina, environmental expert, Bravo Soft Group It is being developed on the basis of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air". "Methods for calculating the concentration of harmful substances in the atmospheric air contained in the emissions of enterprises" OND-86, Sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises SN-244, GOST 17.2.3.02-78 and other regulatory and methodological documents. The draft standards for maximum permissible emissions (MPE) are being developed in pursuance of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the protection of atmospheric air" in accordance with the "Methodology for calculating the concentration of harmful substances in the atmospheric air contained in the emissions of enterprises" OND-86, Sanitary standards for the design of industrial enterprises SN-244, GOST 17.2.3.02-78 and other regulatory and methodological documents. MPE. Maximum permissible emissions. Maximum permissible emission (draft MPE)- this is the standard for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, which is established for a stationary source of atmospheric air pollution, taking into account the technical standards for emissions and background air pollution, provided that this source does not exceed the hygienic and environmental standards for atmospheric air quality, the maximum permissible (critical ) loads on ecological systems and other environmental standards. According to the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, all legal entities that have stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air are obliged to provide an inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air and the development of a draft maximum permissible emissions (draft MPE). The main task of the draft MPE standards is the development of optimal measures to protect the atmosphere, ensuring the reduction of ground-level concentrations of harmful substances in the residential area to standardized values. At the same time, for each source of emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, such an MPE should be established so that the total maximum concentration of these substances, taking into account background pollution, does not exceed sanitary standards. When developing a project, initial assessment of pollution sources... At this stage, the possible sources of the formation and release of pollutants into the atmosphere, the approximate nomenclature of pollutants and the volume of emissions are determined. Objects that fall into the regulatory sanitary protection zone of the enterprise are identified. Based on the data received, the terms of work and their cost are agreed with the customer, after which an agreement is concluded for the development and approval of the MPE volume and obtaining a permit for pollutant emissions. List of documents required for the development of the MPE project General questions in the development of the MPE project The procedure for the development of the draft MPE Approval of the draft MPE Responsibility for the absence of the MPE project Normative and legislative documentation for the MPE project MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. LIST OF DOCUMENTS FOR DEVELOPING THE MPE PROJECT. Brief information about production activities, staffs and structure of the enterprise with a description of the purpose and characteristics of all objects (production and commercial units, sites, workshops, teams, offices, departments, buildings, structures, etc.). Company details. Schematic map of the enterprise, situational map of the location of the enterprise. Certificate of state registration of a legal entity. Lease agreement or certificate of ownership of land, buildings, premises and structures. Certificate on the consumption of raw materials and materials for the year. List of technological equipment. Description of the technological process (in detail). Availability of dust and gas cleaning equipment (CCGT), passports for CCGT, performance, etc. Diagram of ventilation and air conditioning systems indicating the diameters, heights of all pipes, the brand of fans and their performance, the number of hours of operation per day, etc. Certificate of vehicles on the balance sheet of the enterprise indicating the brand, quantity, planned mileage, parking (storage), maintenance and repair. Qualification certificate of environmental education of the person responsible for the environment at the enterprise. Previous draft emissions of pollutants (if any). MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. GENERAL QUESTIONS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAP PROJECT. The standard for the emission of a harmful (pollutant) substance into the atmospheric air is a standard established for mobile and stationary sources of emissions, technological processes and equipment, reflecting the maximum allowable mass of the emission of each substance into the atmosphere per unit of production, equipment capacity, mileage of transport or other mobile funds, etc. For the purpose of state regulation of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, it is envisaged to establish the following emission standards: technical standard for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air; the maximum permissible emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air Technical standards for emissions for stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air and technological processes are established by Rostekhnadzor. Technical emission standards for equipment, as well as for all types of mobile sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air are established by the state standards of the Russian Federation, and if they are absent, until adopted, by Rostekhnadzor. The maximum permissible emission (MPE) should be understood as: the standard for the maximum permissible emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, established for a stationary source of pollution, taking into account the technical standards for emissions and background air pollution, provided that this source does not exceed the hygienic and environmental standards for the quality of atmospheric air and the maximum permissible (critical) loads on ecological systems; the standard specifying the mass of the release of the substance per unit of time (g / s t / g), at which the observance of sanitary and hygienic standards in the air of populated areas is ensured ( MPCmr and others) under the most unfavorable conditions for dispersion. GOST 17.2.3.02-78 defines the maximum permissible emission (MPE) as the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere per unit of time, which is not allowed to be exceeded by the enterprise or other source of atmospheric air pollution. When pollutants enter the atmospheric air, the following types of their effects on the human body may occur: independent action of substances; summation (additivity) of effects, when substances have the same type of effect, summed up in proportion to the concentrations of pollutants in the air and inversely proportional to their maximum permissible concentrations; oversummation or potentiation (synergism), when the mutual influence of substances enhances the effect of summation; antagonism or inhibition, when there is a decrease in the effect of one or more substances as a result of their mutual influence, i.e. the summation effect decreases. Temporarily coordinated emission (TSV) should be understood as a temporary limit for the emission of harmful (pollutant) substances into the atmospheric air, which is set for operating stationary emission sources, taking into account the quality of atmospheric air and the socio-economic conditions of the development of the corresponding territory in order to gradually achieve the established maximum permissible emission. The basis for establishing a temporarily coordinated emission (TEC) of a pollutant into the atmosphere may be: the excess of the background concentration of the pollutant at the location of the small enterprise over the values of the maximum permissible concentrations of MPC); the presence of objective technical or economic reasons that prevent the enterprise from reaching the maximum permissible emissions (MPE) standard at the present time. The development of maximum permissible and temporarily agreed emissions is provided by a legal entity that has stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air, based on: design documentation (in relation to commissioned new and (or) reconstructed objects of economic and other activities) and inventory data of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air (in relation to operating objects of economic and other activities). The development of the draft standards for maximum permissible emissions (MPE) of pollutants into the atmosphere is based on the application of the following basic rules: Rule 1. Each business entity, which is a source of air pollution, must have an agreed draft MPE standards. Rule 2. The MPE standard is established for each pollutant (or summation group) for each source of emission of pollutants into the atmosphere and the enterprise as a whole. For fugitive emissions and a set of small single sources (ventilation emissions from one production facility, from one indoor or outdoor installation, aeration lamps, ventilation shafts, etc.), the total MPE is set. Rule 3. The MPE standard should set the volume of the substance emission per unit of time, at which the emissions of the source under consideration, together with the emissions from other sources of the city, should not create ground-level concentrations in the zone affected by the enterprise that exceed the MPC. Rule 4. If in the area where the enterprise is located, the background concentration of the pollutant in the ambient air exceeds the established MPCs and the MPE standard values for reasons of an objective nature cannot be achieved at the time of project development, then a phased emission reduction is introduced. For each stage, temporary agreed emissions (TME) are set with an orientation to the level of emissions of existing enterprises - analogues with the best environmental performance. VSV is established for a certain period of time with the development of a schedule of measures to achieve the MPE standards. Rule 5. When establishing the standard for PDV and the limit of the UTC, one should take into account: physical, geographical and climatic features of the area; location of industrial sites; location of plots of existing residential buildings, sanatoriums, recreation areas of the city; development prospects of the enterprise, adjacent residential area and industrial zone; values of background concentrations of pollutants in the air. Rule 6. Increasing the height of the pipes in order to improve the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere to reduce the level of surface concentrations is allowed only after applying all available modern means to reduce emissions. The air quality criterion used in setting the standard for the maximum permissible emission into the atmosphere sets the mandatory ratio between the surface concentrations of pollutants, taking into account the background and the maximum permissible concentrations. For pollutants of independent action, their maximum concentration Сi Cif(at a distance of up to two meters from the surface of the earth) should not exceed the maximum permissible concentration MPCi, i.e. Сi + Сiф is less than or equal to MPCi or The air quality criterion used in setting the standard for the maximum permissible emission into the atmosphere sets the mandatory ratio between the surface concentrations of pollutants, taking into account the background and the maximum permissible concentrations. For pollutants belonging to the summation group ("iIIgr.s), their concentration Сi in the surface layer of the atmosphere, taking into account the background Cif The air quality criterion used in setting the standard for the maximum permissible emission into the atmosphere sets the mandatory ratio between the surface concentrations of pollutants, taking into account the background, and the maximum permissible concentrations. Сi in the surface layer of the atmosphere, taking into account the background Cif and the established coefficient of combined (joint) action Ksd must satisfy the following condition: To establish standards for maximum permissible emissions, maximum one-time maximum permissible concentrations are used MPCimr. In the absence of established maximum one-time concentrations, it is allowed to evaluate them according to the values of the daily average maximum permissible concentrations PDKiss how Information on background concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air should be requested from the State Committee for Hydromet of the Russian Federation. The background air pollution query request specifies: Requesting organization, its departmental affiliation, postal address. The area for which you want to determine the background value. The name of the enterprise for which the background is requested, indicating whether the given enterprise is projected, under construction, operating, reconstructed. Characteristics of the position of the industrial site of the enterprise on the plan (map-scheme) of the city and the address of this enterprise. In the case when an enterprise has several industrial sites or a request is made for a group of enterprises, all information is indicated for each industrial site. List of harmful substances emitted by enterprises (objects). The estimated period for which the background is requested, the timing of the commissioning of the first stage of construction and the development of the enterprise at full capacity MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT PDV. When developing MPE standards, the following major stages can be distinguished: inventory of sources of emission and emission of pollutants into the atmosphere; the actual development of MPE standards; Obtaining an Emission Permit. When carrying out an inventory of sources of emission (emission) and emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, calculation or instrumental methods can be used. When using the calculation method for the inventory of sources of emission and emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, the draft MPE standards include calculations made in accordance with the current regulatory and methodological documentation, in the established manner agreed by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia. The calculations are presented in full, separately for each source and ingredient, and are accompanied by comments on the justification of the values and coefficients adopted. When using the instrumental method of inventorying the sources of emission and emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, the draft MPE standards include protocols for measuring the concentration for each source and substance, drawn up in accordance with the current procedure, indicating the locations and duration of sampling, the methods used for determining the concentration and instrumentation. The completeness of accounting in the inventory data of the totality of pollutants entering the atmosphere from (from) organized and unorganized emission sources during the implementation of technological processes and economic activities at the enterprise in question is confirmed by a special entry made by the head of this enterprise in the inventory part of the draft MPE standards. The head of the enterprise is responsible for the completeness and accuracy of the submitted inventory data to the state control authorities. To carry out an inventory of the sources of emission and emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, the enterprise provides the developer of the draft MPE standards with the following information about its production and economic activities: Information on consumption, type, composition of raw materials, materials, fuel used is presented in the form of a certificate signed by the chief accountant and chief technologist. Data on the types, main characteristics of the installed equipment and its net working time in the form of a certificate signed by the chief mechanic of the enterprise. Information about the number, brands of vehicles on the balance sheet of the enterprise, routes of voyage through the territory of the enterprise, parking places in the form of a certificate signed by an authorized manager. Information on the number, brands, hours and operating hours of vehicles not on the balance sheet of the enterprise, used for the delivery of raw materials and the export of products. Characteristics of fugitive sources of emission of pollutants, their size and location. MPE. The composition of the draft MPE standards depends on the group (category) of the complexity of the object (enterprise). The third group of complexity includes projects of enterprises, the values of pollutant emissions of which satisfy the F criterion for all individual ingredients and groups of summation. Satisfaction of the F criterion is evidence of an extremely low level of the surface concentration of the considered substance in comparison with the MPC. To the second (II) group difficulties include projects of enterprises, the values of pollutant emissions of which may not satisfy the F criterion for some (or all) of the individual ingredients and summation groups, but in all cases the ground-level concentrations of the substance in question, taking into account the background, do not exceed the MPC and the maximum permissible emissions standards are set at the actual level emissions. To the first (I) the complexity group includes projects of enterprises for which at least one substance (taking into account the background) emissions do not meet the maximum permissible standards. First group projects difficulties are carried out in full with the development of all sections. Second group projects difficulties are not fully implemented. Enterprises whose draft MPE standards belong to the II group of complexity are exempt from: A) development of measures to control emissions: With the onset of NMU for substances that meet the F criterion, as well as in the case of the creation of the maximum surface concentration at the border of the SPZ, not exceeding 0.3 MPC for specific substances; b) the need to present and agreeing on a production control schedule if: Smach< 0,1 ПДК - for the main pollutants in the absence of purification systems, maximum surface concentration Smach< 0,3 ПДК - for specific pollutants in the absence of purification systems. For substances satisfying F criterion, calculations of surface concentrations are not carried out. Third group projects difficulties are carried out in an abridged version. Enterprises whose draft MPE standards belong to the III group of complexity are exempted from: development of measures to regulate emissions during the IMM period and the need to submit and agree on a production control schedule. In this case, in order to justify the assignment of the project to the third group of complexity, the project includes: written request from the organization for the approval of MPE standards at the level of inventory data, agreed in accordance with the requirements and parameter calculations F indicating the values of sanitary and hygienic standards. Since all substances satisfy F criterion, calculations of surface concentrations are not carried out at all. MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. CONTENT OF THE DRAFT LIMIT EMISSIONS (draft MPE). The structure of the MPE project includes the following sections: V "Annotations" the draft MPE standards should reflect the main results of the work performed, indicating: (1)
the total number of pollutants emitted by the enterprise into the atmosphere; 1. Introduction. The introduction provides a list of the main documents on the basis of which the MPE volume was developed. 2. General information about the company This section gives: The postal address of the enterprise, the number of industrial sites, the mutual location of the enterprise and the characteristic objects adjacent to it - residential areas, industrial zones, forests, agricultural land, transport highways, etc. A schematic map of the enterprise with the sources of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere marked on it. Situational map-diagram of the area where the enterprise is located, indicating on it the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone, residential area, recreation areas, monitoring posts for air pollution. 3. Characteristics of the enterprise as a source of the atmosphere The section includes: Brief description of production technology and technological equipment (description of products, main feedstock, consumption of main and reserve fuel) from the point of view of air pollution. This takes into account the presence in emissions of all pollutants formed in the technological process, as well as all chemical transformations of the emitted substances. A brief description of the existing gas treatment plants, an enlarged analysis of their technical condition and efficiency. Assessment of the degree of compliance of the applied technology, dust and gas cleaning equipment with the advanced scientific and technical level in the country and abroad. Prospects for the development or technical re-equipment of the enterprise. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account data on changes in the productivity of the enterprise, reconstruction, information on the liquidation of production facilities, emission sources, construction of new technological lines and units, general information on the main promising areas of air protection measures, the timing of reconstruction, expansion and commissioning of new production facilities, workshops and etc. List of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere in the form of a table. The quantitative characteristics of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere in t / year are given according to average annual values depending on changes in the operating mode of the enterprise, technological process and equipment, characteristics of raw materials, fuel, etc. Characteristics of accidental releases in the form of a table There is also a brief description of the conditions under which accidental and volley releases are possible. Parameters of emissions of pollutants for calculating the MPE from organized and unorganized sources of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere are presented taking into account the requirements of Appendix 3 to GOST 17.2.3.02-78. Substantiation of the completeness and reliability of the initial data adopted for calculating the MPE. At the same time, it describes where the initial data were taken from - from primary accounting journals, from statistical reporting forms 2TP-air, obtained by instrumental measurements, calculation or balance methods. Information about the influence of emissions of pollutants on water, soil, vegetation, health of the population. 4. Carrying out calculations and determination of proposals for MPE standards. The section includes: The name of the used program for calculating air pollution. Meteorological characteristics and coefficients that determine the conditions for the dispersion of pollutants. The results of calculations of the level of atmospheric pollution for the current situation and taking into account the development prospects, carried out in accordance with OND-86, situational schematic maps with isolines of calculated concentrations plotted on them; maximum surface concentrations in the residential area and at the border of the sanitary protection zone; the list of sources giving the greatest contributions to the level of atmospheric pollution in the form of a table. Proposals for MPE standards for each source and ingredient entered in the table If the concentration of pollutants in the air of a settlement exceeds MPC, an action plan is developed to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. The action plan is drawn up in the form below: PLAN of measures to reduce emissions The substantiation of the possibility of achieving the MPE standards is given, taking into account the use of low-waste technologies and other planned measures, including re-profiling or reducing the volume of production. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of the proposed measures to achieve the MPE standards and damage caused by air pollution, carried out according to industry and federal methods The specification of the size of the sanitary protection zone is given. Data on the size of the population living in the sanitary protection zone and on the territory to be included in the sanitary protection zone. Documents (materials) testifying to the consideration of special requirements (if any) to the quality of atmospheric air for a given area, if in the area where the enterprise is located or in the territory adjacent to the enterprise there are zones of reserves, museums, architectural monuments, etc. 5. Measures to regulate emissions under unfavorable meteorological conditions. The composition of this section should contain: An action plan to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during periods of unfavorable meteorological conditions (see section 14.4). General characteristics of emissions of hazardous substances during the period of NMW, indicating the name of the workshop (site), the number of emission sources and its height, emission parameters in normal meteorological conditions and under various modes of the NMW (see section 14.4). A brief description of each specific event, taking into account the actual operating conditions of technological equipment (the essence of the technology, the necessary calculations and justification of technologies). Justification of a possible range of emission control for each measure. Schedule of control of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during periods of unfavorable meteorological conditions. Economic evaluation of measures to regulate emissions during periods of NMW 6. Control over compliance with standards at the enterprise. Enterprises for which ELVs (ELVs) have been established must organize a system for monitoring compliance with ELVs (ELVs). When monitoring compliance with the maximum permissible emission (ELV), the main methods should be direct methods using measurements of the concentration of harmful substances and the volume of the gas-air mixture after gas cleaning plants or in places where substances are directly released into the atmosphere. To increase the reliability of the control over the MPE (VES), as well as when it is impossible to use direct methods, balance, technological and other methods are used. Control over compliance with MPE standards at the enterprise is subdivided into the following types: control directly at emission sources; control of atmospheric air pollution at the border of the sanitary protection zone or in the residential area of the settlement. When monitoring compliance with the MPE standards at direct sources of pollution, a list of substances subject to control is included. A list of techniques that are or will be used to monitor compliance with established emission standards is provided. A separate list of substances for which there are no standard methods is provided. If it is inexpedient or impossible to determine emissions of pollutants by analytical methods, a justification for the use of calculated balance methods, specific emissions, etc. is provided. The schedule for monitoring compliance with MPE (ELV) standards at emission sources is drawn up in the form of a table: Schedule of control at the enterprise for compliance with MPE (ELV) standards at emission sources and at control points (posts) Control over compliance with the MPE standards for actual air pollution at specially selected control points is carried out only for large enterprises with a large number of sources of fugitive emissions. Control values of surface concentrations of pollutants are drawn up in the form of a table: Control values of ground-level concentrations of harmful substances for the control of MPE standards (VES) for ___________ 200_ year 7. Proposals are given on the procedure for organizing control over compliance with the MPE standards by the enterprise's own resources or on a contractual basis. MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. APPROVAL OF THE DRAFT MPE. The standards for maximum permissible emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air and temporarily agreed emissions (limits) are established by the territorial bodies of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision - Rostekhnadzor in Moscow. MPE and VES are set for each specific stationary source of emissions and the legal entity as a whole or its individual production Prior to the submission of the draft standards for maximum permissible emissions to Rostekhnadzor in Moscow, the Conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities must be received for the project. To obtain the appropriate Conclusion, the draft standards for maximum permissible emissions (MPE) of a small enterprise should be submitted to the Rospotrebnadzor of the administrative district at the location of the enterprise. Drafts of MPE standards for objects that have a significant impact on the environment can be sent by the district sanitary doctor for obtaining a Conclusion to the Rospotrebnadzor in Moscow. The draft MPE standards are submitted to the Regulation Department of Rostechnadzor in Moscow after a preliminary payment for the conduct of the examination in accordance with the "Temporary Procedure for Payment of the State Environmental Expertise in Moscow dated 12.08.93. Payment and consideration of the draft MPE standards in the Regulation and Conclusions Department is carried out depending on the group of project complexity and expert work, taking into account the number of emission sources and the amount of pollutants. To coordinate and approve the developed MPE standards and obtain an emission permit, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities (users of natural resources) submit the following documents to the Department of Regulation of Rostekhnadzor in Moscow: Application (letter, statement) of a natural resource user with a request for agreement and approval of the developed MPE standards. Draft MPE standards for pollutants into the atmosphere of an enterprise - a natural resource user, certified by the organization as a developer of MPE standards and approved by a natural resource user. Materials of the inventory of sources of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere with the attachment of calculations of emissions, a situational plan, climatic and background characteristics of the facility, a certificate on the consumption of raw materials, materials and fuel, certified by the user of natural resources. Schedule of departmental control over compliance with MPE standards for the current period of time, approved by the user of natural resources. Completed forms of Permits for the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. To obtain (extend) a Permit for the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, if there is a valid NS of MPE standards, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities (users of natural resources) submit the following documents to the Regulation Department of Rostekhnadzor in Moscow: An application (letter) of an enterprise - a user of nature for the extension of the validity period of a permit for the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere no later than 30 days before its expiration. Technical report on the renewal of the emission permit in the prescribed form. Completed form of the Permit for the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. Control schedule for the current period. The standardization department considers the submitted materials and within a month makes a decision on the approval of the draft MPE standards and the issuance of an Emission Permit or rejects them, sending them for revision. The results of consideration of the draft MPE standards are formalized in the Conclusion. The conclusion is signed by the expert and the head of the rationing and permitting department. If deviations from environmental requirements, existing norms and rules are identified in the project, the project is returned to the submitter of the project for revision to eliminate the comments of the Conclusion. If the project materials comply with the requirements of the regulatory and methodological documentation, the submitter of the project is issued a letter of approval signed by the head of Rostekhnadzor in Moscow. The project is assigned a number and is registered in the log book. In the following cases, it is allowed to agree on the draft MPE standards with the conditions: if it is necessary to conclude a contract for the development of maximum permissible concentration (OBUV) within the prescribed period; upon confirmation by the expert examination of the absence of technical solutions to reduce emissions to the normative level (provided that Smach< ПДК excluding the background). The department of regulation of Rostekhnadzor in Moscow may issue an order to revise the draft MPE (VES) standards in the following cases: in case of incomplete accounting of sources of emissions, emissions, ingredients; upon establishment of the fact of inconsistency (excess) of actual emissions over the agreed draft MPE (EIA) standards according to production or state control data; if incorrect information is found in the project about the consumption and type of raw materials and materials used, the net operating time of the equipment, the location of the nearest residential buildings, other objects with increased requirements for the quality of atmospheric air; re-approval by higher authorities of methods for calculating and measuring concentration; changes in the ecological situation in the city or background concentrations of pollutants. In the first three cases, a decision is made on the extent of responsibility and a corresponding prescription is drawn up, a period is set for finalizing (correcting) the project (up to 3 months). In other cases, the Standardization Department sends a notification to the enterprise about the need and timing of revision of the project. The validity period of the agreed draft standards for maximum permissible emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is up to 5 years. The draft MPE standards, submitted after revision for approval, are considered within the same terms as during the first submission, i.e. within 30 days. The need to revise the previously established MPE may arise before the expiration of their validity period when: changes in the ecological situation in the region, the emergence of new or destruction of existing sources of environmental pollution, changes in technology or production program of the enterprise. A permit for the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere is issued for a period of one year. The permit for the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere may be canceled or suspended by Rostekhnadzor in Moscow. The grounds for cancellation or suspension of the Permit for the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere may be: Exceeding the established MPE standards, revealed by the results of instrumental control. Violation of the "Rules for the operation of gas treatment plants", leading to an excess of the established emission standards. Failure to fulfill the environmental protection plan within the established timeframe. Exceeding the established annual emission limits. Failure to pay the stipulated environmental payments. To establish temporarily coordinated emissions (TSE) of pollutants into the atmosphere, Rostekhnadzor in Moscow in agreement with the authorities of Rospotrebnadzor in Moscow or its administrative district: determines the possible time frame for the gradual achievement of the maximum permissible emissions of harmful (polluting) substances; submits them for approval to the relevant state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (Moscow); establishes temporarily agreed emissions for the period of gradual achievement of maximum permissible emissions, subject to compliance with technical emission standards with the simultaneous approval of an appropriate plan to reduce emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, which is developed and implemented by an enterprise - a user of natural resources. The standards for the maximum permissible emissions of microorganisms and biological substances into the atmosphere are approved by the bodies of Rospotrebnadzor in Moscow or its administrative district. The maximum permissible and temporarily agreed emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air are established by the Emission Permits. Permission and conditions for approval of the draft MPE standards are integral parts of the approved project. Control over the achievement and observance of the established standards for emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere includes: determination of the mass of emissions of harmful substances per unit time from a given source of pollution and comparison of these indicators with the established MPE standards; verification of the implementation of the action plan to achieve the MPE; verification of the efficiency of operation of sewage treatment and other environmental protection facilities, as well as other production factors affecting compliance with the MPE standards. Control over the achievement and observance of the established standards for emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is carried out both by the enterprise itself (production control) and by local Rostechnadzor bodies exercising state control. MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ABSENCE OF THE MPE PROJECT. Law of the Russian Federation "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" (96-FZ - 1999) Art. 1. Basic concepts. The following basic concepts are used in this Federal Law: - air pollution - the entry into the atmospheric air or the formation of harmful (polluting) substances in it in concentrations exceeding the hygienic and environmental standards for the quality of atmospheric air established by the state; - maximum permissible emission - the standard for the maximum permissible emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, which is established for a stationary source of atmospheric air pollution, taking into account the technical standards for emissions and background air pollution, provided that this source does not exceed the hygienic and environmental standards for atmospheric air quality, the maximum permissible (critical) loads on ecological systems, other environmental standards; - temporarily agreed release- a temporary limit for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, which is established for operating stationary sources of emissions, taking into account the quality of atmospheric air and the socio-economic conditions for the development of the corresponding territory in order to gradually achieve the established maximum permissible emission; Art. 12. Standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air. 1. For the purpose of state regulation of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, the following standards for such emissions are established: technical emission standards; maximum permissible emissions. 3. Maximum permissible emissions are established by the territorial bodies of the specially authorized federal executive body in the field of atmospheric air protection for a specific stationary source of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and their aggregate (the organization as a whole). 4. If legal entities that have sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air cannot comply with the maximum permissible emissions, the territorial bodies of the specially authorized federal executive body in the field of atmospheric air protection may establish temporarily agreed emissions for such sources. Temporarily agreed emissions are set for the period of gradual achievement of maximum permissible emissions, subject to compliance with technical emission standards and a plan to reduce emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air. A plan to reduce emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air is developed and implemented by legal entities for which temporarily agreed emissions are established, taking into account the degree of danger of these substances to human health and the environment. 7. Standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air and maximum permissible standards for harmful physical effects on the air, temporarily agreed emissions,. are developed and approved in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. Art. 14. Permission for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and permission. 1. The emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air by a stationary source is allowed on the basis of a permit issued by the territorial body of the specially authorized federal executive body in the field of atmospheric air protection in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. The permit for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air establishes the maximum permissible emissions and other conditions that ensure the protection of atmospheric air. 3. Harmful physical impacts on the atmospheric air are allowed on the basis of permits issued in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. 5. In the absence of permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air, as well as in case of violation of the conditions provided for by these permits, emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it may be limited, suspended or discontinued. Art. 22. Inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air and their sources. 1. Legal entities that have sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it, conduct an inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air and their sources. 2. Sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, sources of harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air, lists of harmful (pollutants) substances, lists of harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air, subject to state registration and regulation, for organizations, urban and other settlements, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation as a whole are established on the basis of data on the results of an inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air, harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air and their sources. Art. 30. Obligations of legal entities with stationary and mobile sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air. 1. Legal entities that have stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air are obliged to: Ensure an inventory of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air and the development of maximum permissible emissions and maximum permissible standards for harmful physical impact on the atmospheric air; Art. 31. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of atmospheric air protection. Persons guilty of violating the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of atmospheric air protection bear criminal, administrative and other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ, chapter 8: Article 8.1. Failure to comply with environmental requirements in planning, feasibility study of projects, design, placement, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of enterprises, structures or other facilities (fine for legal entities - from 50 to 100 minimum wages). Article 8.2. Failure to comply with environmental and sanitary - epidemiological requirements during collection, storage, use, incineration, processing, disposal, transportation, disposal and other handling of production and consumption waste (fine for legal entities - from 50 to 100 minimum wages). Article 8.5. Concealment or distortion of environmental information (fines for legal entities - from 100 to 200 minimum wages). Article 8.13. Violation of the rules for the protection of water bodies 4. Violation of the requirements for the protection of water bodies, which may result in their pollution, clogging and (or) depletion (fine for legal entities - from 300 to 400 minimum wages). Article 8.14. Violation of water use rules 1. Violation of water use rules during water intake, without water withdrawal and when wastewater is discharged into water bodies (fine for legal entities - from 100 to 200 minimum wages). Article 8.21. Violation of the rules for the protection of atmospheric air 1. Emission of harmful substances into the atmospheric air or harmful physical impact on it without special permission (fine for legal entities - from 400 to 500 minimum wages). MPE. LIMITS PERMISSIBLE EMISSIONS. REGULATORY AND LEGAL DOCUMENTATION FOR THE MPE PROJECT. Law of the Russian Federation "On the protection of atmospheric air", 04.05.1999 № 96-FZ. GOST 17.0.0.01-76. The system of standards for the protection of nature and the improvement of the use of natural resources. Basic provisions. GOST 17.2.1.01-76. Atmosphere. Classification of emissions by composition. GOST 17.2.1.04-77. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Metrological aspects of pollution and industrial emissions. Basic terms and definitions. GOST 17.2.3.02-78. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises. M., publishing house of standards, 1979, 14 p. GOST 17.2.4.02-81. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. General requirements for methods for determining pollutants. GOST. 17.2.3.01-78. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Air quality control rules for settlements. Introduced from 01.01.79, Publishing house of standards, 1979, 4 p. SNiP 2.01.01-82. Construction climatology and geophysics. SNiP 245-71. Building standards for the design of industrial enterprises. OND-86. Methodology for calculating the concentration in the atmospheric air of harmful substances contained in the emissions of enterprises. Goskomgidromet, L., Gidrometeoizdat, 1987. OND-90. Guidelines for the control of sources of air pollution. Part 1. Saint-Petersburg, VNIIOPZD, 1991.98 p. RD 50-210-80. Guidelines for the implementation of GOST 17.2.3.02-78. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing MPE for harmful substances by industrial enterprises. RD 52.04.52-85. Guidance document. Methodical instructions. Regulation of emissions under unfavorable meteorological conditions. Novosibirsk, 1986. Leningrad, 1987. Methodological guidelines for calculating the quantitative characteristics of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from the main technological equipment of enterprises of the food concentrate industry, Gipropischeprom, Moscow, 1993. A collection of methods for calculating emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere by various industries. Hydrometeoizdat, 1986. Typical instructions for organizing a control system for industrial emissions into the atmosphere in industries. Novosibirsk, 1987. Methods for calculating the release of harmful substances into the atmospheric air by technological equipment at chemical enterprises. M., Chemistry, 1982. Methods for conducting an inventory of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere for road transport enterprises. NIIAT, 1998. Methodology for calculating emissions (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere from livestock complexes and fur farms (based on the values of specific indicators). St. Petersburg, "Integral", 1999 Guidelines for the determination of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from tanks. State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection, 1997 Methodology for calculating emissions (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere during welding (based on specific indicators). Research Institute of Atmospheric Air Protection, "Integral", 1997 Methodology for calculating emissions (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere when applying paints and varnishes (based on specific emissions). Research Institute of Atmospheric Air Protection, "Integral", 1997 Methodology for calculating emissions (emissions) of pollutants into the atmosphere during mechanical processing of metals (based on specific indicators). Research Institute of Atmospheric Air Protection, "Integral", 1997 SNiP 2.07.01-89 Construction norms and rules. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements. Moscow 1989 Air pollution is understood to mean an increase in the concentration of physical, chemical, biological components above the level that brings natural systems out of balance. The highest concentrations of harmful substances in the atmospheric air, which exceed the maximum permissible concentration by 2-5 times, and it is in these territories that their bulk is accumulated on the soil and on the surface of water bodies. There are two main sources of air pollution: natural and anthropogenic. Natural sources are volcanoes, dust storms, forest fires, decomposition of plants and animals. The most significant of the above pollutants are forest fires, especially nowadays, when, due to high temperatures, they become threatening, especially in summer. The main anthropogenic sources of pollution include enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, transport, various machine-building enterprises, and heavy industry enterprises. The most significant of them: 1. Thermal power plants pollute the atmosphere with emissions that contain sulfur dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, soot, dust and ash, which contain heavy metal salts. 2. Combines of ferrous metallurgy, which include blast-furnace, steel-making, rolling production, sintering factories, coke plants, etc. 3. non-ferrous metallurgy, which pollutes the atmosphere with compounds of non-ferrous and heavy metals, mercury vapor, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbohydrates, etc. 4. Mechanical engineering and metalworking. Emissions from these enterprises contain aerosols of compounds of non-ferrous and heavy metals, including mercury vapor. The refining and petrochemical industries are sources of atmospheric pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons and benzopyrene. 5. Enterprises of organic chemistry. Emissions of a large amount of organic substances that have a complex chemical composition, hydrochloric acid, heavy metal compounds, contain soot and dust. 6. Enterprises of inorganic chemistry. Air emissions from these enterprises contain sulfur and nitrogen oxides, phosphorus compounds, free chlorine, hydrogen sulfide. 7. Motor transport. The geographic patterns of the distribution of pollutants that come from it are very complex and are determined not only by the configuration of the highway network and the intensity of vehicles, but also by the large number of intersections where transport stands for a certain time with the engines turned on. The number of vehicles worldwide is 630 million units. Environmental pollution from vehicles is one of the most unsafe for human health, because exhaust gases enter the atmosphere, where they are difficult to disperse. Car exhaust gases contain a large amount of nitrogen oxide, unburned carbon, aldehydes and soot, as well as carbon monoxide. Industrial emissions have a negative impact on human health, destroy materials and equipment, and reduce the productivity of forestry and agriculture. Unfortunately, the created efficient production technologies are not used at most enterprises due to their high cost, and sometimes, due to neglect of the environmental problem. Emissions into the atmosphere of pollutants are characterized by four criteria: the state of aggregation, chemical composition, particle size and mass flow rate of the emitted substance. Pollutants are released into the atmosphere in the form of dust, smoke, mist, steam and gaseous substances. The most common pollutants entering the atmospheric air from man-made sources are: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, dust, carbon monoxide - the most common and most significant atmospheric impurity, called carbon monoxide in everyday life. The CO content in vivo is from 0.01 to 0.2 mg. m 3, but in large cities its content ranges from 1-210 mgm3. the highest concentration is observed on the streets and squares of cities with heavy traffic, especially at intersections. Its specific gravity is more than 50% of the total emissions. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Up to 70% of its emissions are formed as a result of combustion of emissions, fuel oil - about 15%. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION For a quantitative assessment of the content of an impurity in the atmosphere, the concept of concentration is used - the amount of a substance contained in a unit volume of air reduced to normal conditions. The amount of atmospheric air is a set of its properties that determine the degree of impact of physical, chemical, biological factors on people, flora and fauna, as well as on materials, structures and the environment as a whole. The quality of atmospheric air is considered satisfactory if the content of impurities in it does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - the maximum concentration of impurities in the atmosphere, referred to a certain averaging time, which, with periodic exposure or throughout a person's life, does not affect him and the environment in general, direct or indirect impact, including long-term effects. Direct exposure refers to the application of a temporary irritant effect to the human body, causing a sensation of smell, cough, headache. With the accumulation of harmful substances in the body above the specified dose, pathological changes in individual organs or the body as a whole may occur. Indirect impact is understood as such changes in the environment, which, without exerting a harmful effect on living organisms, worsen the usual living conditions: green spaces are affected, the number of foggy days increases. The main criterion for establishing MPC standards for assessing the quality of atmospheric air is the impact of pollutants in the air on the human body. To assess the quality of atmospheric air, two MPC categories have been established: maximum one-time (MPCm.r) and average daily (MPCs.s). MPCm.r - the main characteristics of the hazard of a harmful substance. Established to prevent reflex reactions in humans with short-term exposure to atmospheric impurities. According to this standard, substances that have a smell or affect certain sensory organs are evaluated. MPCs.s - established to prevent general toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and other effects of the substance on the human body. Substances evaluated according to this standard have the ability to temporarily or permanently accumulate in the human body. By the beginning of 1999, according to the MPC standards, about 1000 substances were estimated, but dozens of new, little-studied substances are added to this amount every year, most of which are harmful to humans, animals and plants. The list of substances, the content of which is standardized, therefore, is constantly replenished. Temporary MPC standards for air pollutants for woody vegetation (MPCl) have been established. If substances have a harmful effect on the environment in lower concentrations than on humans, then when rationing is based on the threshold of the effect of this substance on the environment. The impact of substances for which MPCs have not been established is assessed according to the approximate safe level of exposure to an atmospheric pollutant (TSEL) - a temporary hygienic standard for an atmospheric pollutant. MPC standards for atmospheric air are single for the territory of a single country. MACs established in other countries may differ. For example, in the USA, the maximum permissible concentration for SO2 is 0.75 mgm3, and in Ukraine - 0.5 mgm3, the established norms in each country are regulated by international organizations for the protection of health, the environment and various international organizations. For sanitary protection zones, resorts and recreation areas, MPCs are set by 20% less than for residential regions. Violation of the established norms is prosecuted by law, which provides for a specific penalty. Such laws exist in every country, since it has been established that a constant excess of the permissible concentration of at least one of the regulated substances leads to an increase in the incidence of diseases by 1.7 times, and in some age groups - up to three times. Air pollution also has a direct impact on buildings and decorations, monuments, etc. In accordance with the normative and technical documentation, the regulation of the quality of the environment is carried out in order to establish the maximum permissible norms for the impact on the environment, which guarantees environmental safety and the preservation of the genetic fund, ensures the rational use and restoration of natural resources, subject to the sustainable development of economic activity. LIMITING EMISSIONS For each designed and operating facility, which is a stationary source of air pollution, standards for maximum permissible emissions (MPE) of pollutants into the atmospheric air are established. The MPE is established on the basis that emissions of harmful substances from this source, in combination with other sources, do not create a surface concentration exceeding the MPC outside the sanitary protection zone: C + Cf ( C is the concentration of the substance in the surface layer from the calculated source while maintaining the MPE standards; Сф is the background concentration of the same substance. If at a given enterprise or a group of enterprises located in a given region, for objective reasons, the MPE value cannot be immediately achieved, a temporary agreed emission (TME) is set. The VSV standard is established for the period of development and organization of air security measures that ensure the achievement of MPE standards. The validity period of the MPE is set for 5 years. With the emergence of new industries, reconstruction of existing ones, changes in the technological process or the type of raw materials used, and in other cases, the MPE standards are revised. For each city, based on the MPE standards of enterprises and the background composition of the atmospheric air, city-wide MPE standards are developed, in accordance with which the individual MPE of enterprises can be revised downward. The MPE is set for each stationary source on the basis that the cumulative emission from all sources of atmospheric air pollution, taking into account the development prospects, will not lead to an excess of MPC standards in the surface layer. MPE is set for conditions of full load of technological and gas cleaning equipment and their normal operation. The MPE should not be exceeded in any 20 minute period. For small sources, it is advisable to establish MPE from their aggregate with their preliminary combination into an areal or point source. The MPE is determined for each substance separately, including in the case of the summation of the harmful effects of several substances. Based on the results of calculating the MPE standards for each stationary source of emissions, the maximum emission of enterprises as a whole is established. MPE is set taking into account the background concentrations of the energetically reliable maximum concentration. It is a characteristic of air pollution and is defined as the value of the concentration, which is exceeded in no more than 6% of cases from the total number of observations. The background concentration characterizes the total concentration created by all sources located in a given area. Establishing MPE for a source is preceded by the determination of its zone of influence. For enterprises and sources whose zones of influence are entirely located within the city, where the total concentration from all sources is less than the MPC. The emission value used in the calculations is taken as the MPE. To obtain information about the state of the air basin, a network of control points and stations has been created. An inventory of emissions is carried out on a regular basis - accounting for the main sources of air pollution, the amount and composition of emissions. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION CONTROL Each country has a system for controlling the amount of emissions into the atmosphere. This is done so that the amount of emissions does not exceed the established limits. Monitoring of atmospheric air - monitoring its condition and warning of critical situations, harmful or dangerous to the health of people, animals and plants. To ensure control in developed countries, automatic air pollution control systems (AMCSV) have been created. Tasks solved by ASKZV: automatic observation and registration of concentrations in order to determine the actual state of the air basin; taking emergency measures to combat pollution; pollution level forecast; development of recommendations for improving the state of the environment. ASKZV are designed to measure the concentrations of one or more elements: SO2, CO, NOx, O3, H2S, NH, suspended solids, as well as to determine humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction. ASKZV operate at the level of enterprises, city, region, national and international levels. The donation for the donation of the є obov "we will pay off for any enterprise to be engaged in virobnism, Let's get some service. In this statute, we will talk about the tax rate, about the "tax rate, the system for the distribution of MPE and the importance of storing the tax declaration. Ponyatya PDVDonation for the party of indirect measures. Win pererakhovuєtsya to the budget of the state by the seller, or pay on the way out. MPE for insurance in the price of any product and will be paid for by the last buyer. Warehouses PDVApparently, the essence of MPE for a "teapot" will be simpler, if you grow up in the understanding of a taxable loan and goiters, a rise between yakim and an actual sum for splitting into the treasury of the state:
Documentary registration of the documents for the comrade and the servants to be seen for the additional payment of invoices. Apart from them, there is another important document - a rakhunok-invoice, which is written by two people: one is meant for the seller, the other is for the buyer. Whenever you buy a product, then re-structure your rakhunok-invoice in the bottom of purchases, if you sell it, then in the bottom of sales. Rozrakhunok PDV for the "teapot" will be awkward, as it will take all the documentation. For a day or night, improperly executed or misplaced invoices from the seller, you do not have the right to a taxable loan, which means an overpayment of MPE, since you don’t have much to get out of a taxable goiter. RozrahunokThe PDV file for the "teapots" is to be repaired from the restoration of rakhunks-invoices from the bottom of sales and from the bottom of purchases. The profitability of the goiters is easy to pay for the money and the extra credit for the last period - the price of the MPE is paid. at the last presentation, a tribute will be given in the end of the last year. The rate of the tribute on the basis of the possibility of depositing the amount of money, as a business, as well as on the basis of a penny turnover. It is clear that the maximum permissible emission limit for the application and implementation of female cloths on the territory of the Russian Federation, the maximum permissible emission limit for which to become 18%. Virobnik, having purchased fabric and accessories for a sum of 20,000 rubles, and also having paid a PDV of 3600 rubles. Having trimmed the rakhunok-invoice, yakut before the shopping book. 3600 RUB - Tse good credit in this vypadku. From the outgoing materials, 10 cloths were wiped out, which are planned to be sold for the price of 3500 rubles. kozhne, tobto the national price for the goods in the warehouse 15,000 rubles. Podatkovy goiter "yazannya vvazhaєa such rank: (3500 * 10) * 18/100 = 6300 rubles. The formula of obov" linguistic to pay the maximum permissible limit for the "teapot" is simple: from podatkovy goiters "yazannya іzannya to see yielding credit. 6300-3600 = 2700 rubles. The operator is guilty of paying off the MPE at the size of 2700 rubles. Thus, 3600 rubles.
Paysites of taxes and feesIndividuals, organizing those individuals who transport a friend through the cordon of the state, є payers of taxes to PDV. So tse also for "teapots"? This means that you will pay a tribute to the endowment of a partiy, you can be an offensive rank: it is necessary to reward your status with the Subject Code of the country, your enterprise is deregistered. About "Uktami opodatkuvannya in the Russian Federation є the guidance of the lower operations:  Tax rates in RFMPE for "teapots" (2014) - at 3 rates: 0%, 10% and 18% A gift for the addition of a 0% voucher for the sale of offensive goods will be provided, the service will be:
An additional list of "Uktiv opodatkuvannya vikladeniya at Art. 164 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. MPE at a rate of 10% to pay for the sale of food products:
10% shrink when selling such child goods:
Book products of an illuminating character, based on science and culture, and also periodically increasing the PDV at a size of 10%. where the maximum permissible emission limit is 10%. All of the others have a tax rate of 18%. If it’s about comrade, it’s imported into the territory of the Russian Federation, then the stench will get a tribute to the price of 10% or 18%. Submitting rates in UkraineThe MPE rates in Ukraine this year are: 0%, 7% and 20%. The rate of MPE 0% is stagnant in the offensive fall:
A renewed list of "ktyv opodatkuvannya zі with a rate of 0% of wages at the item 195 PC of Ukraine. A donation for a wage rate in the range of 7% will be given to a comrade of a medical certificate. All of the other types of wages will have a minimum wage rate of 196%. yaki not є about "єktami opodatkuvannya. MPE for "teapots" of 2013 and 2014 years did not fit in with serious legislative changes. In 2015, the base rate can be reduced to 17%. Payment, tribute and securityRestoration of rakhunkiv-invoices є the basis for rakhunku PDV to splat. A lucrative loan and a tribute to goiters "lazannya zdіsnyuyutsya deprived for the obviousness of these documents. є 20 days for the preparation of documents, showing the MPE. Also for the "teapots": a declaration, which is to be created in the management tax.
Introduced a tributeAs soon as the cash flow is less, the loan is not easy, then the payer will pay the amount before the return, as it should start when the cameral conversion is carried out. to pay a fee to a paid person in a letter viglyad. As soon as in the course of a cameral reversal, a breakdown appears, then an act is formed, which is sent to be seen by the curtain of the submission. Anyway, the intercessor is guilty of a decision about the manifestation of a taxable law-enforcer and the attraction of a tax-payer to a general evidence. Of course, it is clear that the amount declared before the change of the amount can be brought into account in the case of repayment of arrears, bills and fines on federal taxes.
Rules for filing a declaration of the MPE in the Russian Federation and in UkraineIn the beginning of the century, the skin industry, registered in the tax inspection, issued a declaration of the PDV. For "teapots" it is quite significant: in Russia, a quarter is dominated by a famous period, and in Ukraine - a month. Quarterly period for the call to be victorious only in the same way, as if you were going to pay back operations for the last 12 months, I didn’t change the sum of 300,000 UAH. Stretching twenty days, coming after the last day of the tax period, the declaration must be paid to the authorities. Payments in Ukraine can take a stretch of thirty days after the last period, and in Russia - a stretch of twenty. The submission of the tax declaration in Ukraine can be made especially for the payer of taxes, sent to the electronic viewer, or it will be overridden as a price list from the books. The operator of electronic document management can be vibrated on the regional sites of the Federal Tax Service. It is necessary to set up contracts with them, to correct a crypto-security expert and to get a qualified electronic signature, which will be valid for registering rakhun-invoices and declarations. The storing of the declaration from the PDV can be found in the form of the form set on the date of the submission.
Export PDVCompanies of the Russian Federation, as they sell their products for the cordon, may pay a fee from the country - a 0% MPE rate, so as I will raise a tribute for any product, I expect to pay a Kintsev buyer (in this case - an Earth-bound buyer). Export PDV for "teapots": a company that needs a comrade or servants for the cordon, you can drive PDV, rallies earlier, with vitrates for syruvina, virobnitstvo, robot, so as I often change PDV, sales records. For the whole company-exporter, it is guilty to confirm the validity of accepting the zero rate of MPE, the fact of the export operation and the priming of the given tax. Before the tax inspection, it is necessary to submit the following documents:
In order to carry out a cameral revision and acceptance of the decision about the possibility of turning the declared sum, it is necessary to carry out a desk review. As in what documents appear inaccuracies or forgiveness, it will not only block the information from the required sum, but also to the fine. To turn the pennies, it is important to take into account the terms and the rules for submitting documents, as well as to promptly respond to the supply of the tax inspectorate, if there is a need for additional information about the company's activity.
MPE for powerMPE є a tribute, which is to pay for kozen. The seller always includes it in the price of the sold product, so he can turn his cost, since he has already overreached the budget. In such a rank, PDV is a valuable and permanent hope for the treasury of the state. Zero MPE rate for companies-exporters to reduce the growth of current economic changes, and thus stimulate an influx of currency into the budget and stabilize the payment balance of the country. The system of formulating and adjusting the maximum permissible emission limit is simple, more reports can be read in the Podatkovo code. The article says everything about the PDV, for the "teapots" of information, there is enough, for the intelligence the essence of the pay-off, as well as the rules for its development, the drawing up of the information document. Share in social media: Uvaga, only SOGODNI!
Recall that a stationary source of emissions is an emission source that can be moved from place by means of a vehicle or its location is determined in the state coordinate system (currently the Local Coordinate System, since 2017 EGSK - the Unified State Coordinate System). There is a completely exhaustive definition of the environmental standard for the quality of atmospheric air. Environmental standard Is the established value of the use of natural resources or the impact of machinery and equipment on a certain territory, in which the function and structure of this territory is within the framework of natural changes. Standards, including environmental ones, are set at the level of the Government of the country. Normalization of the quality of the natural environmentThe standards related to the quality of the natural environment are divided into three areas:
Rice. Scheme of environmental quality standards Emission Limit Draft Guidelines - Guidelines Development PlatformEstablishing standards is a legal preventive administrative method for regulating environmental safety in a country. The purpose of using the method is to create environmental safety for the citizens of their country and other living organisms.The mass of harmful substances is measured in grams, the concentration of harmful substances is in milligrams per cubic meter, the concentration at the outlet from the source is in grams per cubic meter. In addition to the preventive method of regulating environmental safety, two more are practiced in our country: informational and compulsory. The administrative method of regulation is divided into two more branches: legal methods and control methods. As we can see, the establishment of MPE standards refers to the development of legal norms, standards and permits. The standards are calculated and proposed for establishment by an environmental engineer and are included in the draft maximum permissible emissions standards. Why do you need to comply with environmental safetyFailure to comply with environmental safety leads to excessive pollution of the environment. Environmental pollution threatens:
All of these consequences lead to a deterioration in the health and socio-economic well-being of the population. The most common air pollutants are:
The purpose of setting standards is to prevent negative environmental impacts by legal entities and individuals. For exceeding the standards, they bear administrative and, in some cases, criminal liability. Emission standards are established for both stationary and mobile sources based on the permissible load on the environment, technological standards and environmental quality standards (MPC, noise, etc.). Technological standards, in turn, are set based on the use of the best available technologies. When a natural resource user is unable to comply with emission standards in the course of his activities, permitted emission limits (temporarily agreed emissions) are set for him at the state level. Limits can be set only if the organization-user of natural resources has a plan for reducing emissions developed and approved by government agencies, which must be implemented. Emission limits are valid only during the period of implementation of the emission reduction plan. Limits and plans for reducing emissions and permits for emissions in our country are issued by Rosprirodnadzor, which is endowed with state executive power. After the implementation of the plan, the user of natural resources must prove to Rosprirodnadzor that the volume of emissions has been reduced using air and noise measurements. If the indicators are not achieved, the plan is revised, and measures to reduce emissions continue to be introduced. The process continues until the emissions reach the standards. Powers in the field of atmospheric air protection of RosprirodnadzorThe scope of authority of Rosprirodnadzor (Federal Service for Nature Management) is quite wide - more than 30 functions. Let's highlight the main and most important ones:
MPEs are set for each stationary source of emissions and for the organization as a whole. Emission standards and methods of their determination are being revised and modernized as science and technology develop. In the case when the emissions of pollutants meet the MPE standards, it is necessary to control them directly at the sources. The draft MPE standards include the developed section of the control schedule, which indicates all the standardized emission sources of the enterprise, the frequency and methods of their measurement. There are two methods for measuring emission sources - instrumental (with the involvement of a laboratory) and calculation (using software). The draft MPE standards and standards are only checked by the supervisory authorities, the very calculation and proposals for the establishment of standards are prepared by an environmental engineer within the framework of the project. The rules for setting standards for permissible emissions and methods for determining the standards are described in “GOST 17.2.3.02-2014. Interstate standard. Rules for Establishing Permissible Emissions by Industrial Enterprises ”. The document was created for a unified approach and registration of the project of emissions at industrial enterprises. Setting emission standardsThe GOST states that the regulation of emissions provides for taking into account hygienic and environmental standards for air quality.Not all pollutants make sense to standardize, because their contribution to the total volume of pollution is negligible. And even for the determination of those pollutants that are obligatory for standardization in the Russian environmental legislation, there is a described methodology. It is described in Order No. 579 dated 12/31/2010 "On the Procedure for Establishing Sources of Emissions of Harmful (Polluting) Substances into the Air Subject to State Registration and Regulation ...". According to this Order, in addition to the presented list of pollutants subject to standardization, substances that meet two criteria are subject to it:
Rice. Mandatory supplement to the standards for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances
The established standards are expressed in two values: the maximum single value of emissions and the gross (annual) value of emissions. The maximum single value is the maximum allowable mass of the pollutant emission per second. To determine this value, the source of pollution is measured for 20 minutes. The indicator is expressed in grams per second. To determine the maximum one-time value throughout the plant, emissions are measured simultaneously from all sources for 20 minutes. The gross (annual) value implies the largest allowable total annual emission mass from one source, taking into account all technological restrictions on emission sources (units, devices, etc.). Expressed in tons per year. For the entire enterprise, the gross value of emissions from all sources that it has on its balance sheet is summed up. The maximum permissible emissions for each specific stationary source are established by the territorial bodies of Rosprirodnadzor. For example, in Moscow - the Central Office of Rosprirodnazor. In St. Petersburg - for Rosprirodnadzor of the North-West Federal District. Therefore, you should take into account the background air pollution, emission sources and technical standards in each specific district separately. Organizations subject to regional control go through another stage of approval - in the Committee on Environmental Management. The maximum and gross values of emissions from each source of emissions are determined in the "Ecologist" program. Depending on the type of emission source, its variations are used, such as "ATP-Ecolog" (calculation of emissions from vehicles), "Boiler houses", "Battery works", "Welding" and many others. The programs are developed on the basis of a number of existing methodological documents:
Summary calculation methodemissions it is used extremely rarely, usually city administrations turn to it in order to assess the air pollution of a number of enterprises and urban transport. In general terms, the method of cumulative calculations of emissions is as follows: 1) an inventory of emissions is carried out; 2) volumes of MPE projects are designed for each of them; 3) the parameters of vehicle emissions are calculated; 4) general (summary) calculations of the highest ground-level concentrations of harmful substances in the city from certain enterprises are carried out; analysis of the results is carried out; 5) the degree of significance of the influence of previously determined harmful substances on urban air pollution is assessed; release of significant harmful pollutants; 5) the maximum permissible fields of pollutants from the work of enterprises are determined; 6) enterprises during the discussion distribute quotas of pollutants among themselves; 7) measures and recommendations are developed to reduce the level of air pollution in the city; 8) environmental supervisory authorities agree on the standards for calculated emissions, documenting this fact. A detailed methodology for using the method of cumulative calculations of emissions is set out in the "Methodological manual for the implementation of summary calculations of air pollution by emissions from industrial enterprises ..." (1999). It is not difficult to understand that the entire cycle of determining the aggregate calculations of emissions for the city requires high professional training of performers and will take several years. Ways to reduce air pollution to the prescribed standards include:
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