Annotation The article contains an analysis of the existing problems that arise when considering issues related to the legal foundations and tasks of the actions of law enforcement organizations in conditions of riots, not only from a theoretical, but also from a practical point of view. Key words: riots, law enforcement organizations, crime prevention, crime prevention.

Among the main areas of action of law enforcement organizations, a significant place is occupied by the prevention of mass riots. Prevention is one of the main ways to prevent riots, which should directly and without fail be considered by law enforcement officials as the main element of the action to maintain public order and public safety. It is important to note that social networks play a significant role in organizing mass riots in the 21st century. In our country, the number of people who regularly use the Internet is constantly growing.

According to the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, the number of Internet users in Russia increased by 2.5 million over the past year. At the end of last year, 62% of the population of our country used the possibilities of the World Wide Web. Today it is customary to distinguish the following types of approaches to the very process of preventive work: long-term, short-term and current (immediate). With a long-term approach, special attention is paid to establishing and maintaining normal relationships with the population. It is carried out by special structural units working directly with the population. Preventive operations, raids, operations to confiscate illegally stored weapons and drugs are being carried out.

Preventive conversations are being held with people who have previously been in the field of vision of law enforcement organizations. Short-term preventive work involves the implementation of operational measures in order to relieve the tension that arises among the population, which can lead to mass excesses. Within the framework of short-term preventive work, an important place is occupied by the skillfully organized and conducted collection of information, including the methods of operational-search work, as well as the analysis of all the information collected. All this also applies to the work of collecting information about impending mass statements or excesses that are already taking place.

Today, a full range of measures is needed, which is provided for both by Russian legislation and by the relevant plans to ensure order in society. Immediately when there is a danger of mass protests turning into acts of violence or a change in the peaceful nature of the course of actions, law enforcement officers can apply various preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of large-scale riots. Regime measures are being carried out, which are a set of actions of the Department of Internal Affairs to partially or completely restrict the movement of vehicles and pedestrians in a certain area of ​​​​the territory, at a specific time.

Inspection of vehicles and participants in order to detect and seize items used as weapons in the fight in the event of riots. Restrictions on mass gatherings of citizens in public places can be temporary (at a specified time) or permanent (several days, weeks). Intensified patrolling by units of the patrol service, in the area of ​​riots. At the same time, special attention should be paid to groups of young people who are in a state of intoxication and are active. Discreetly stop minor hooligan actions and immediately stop the facts of hooligan behavior and quickly check the signals of citizens about preparing, possible mass violations of public order and riots, and act quickly when seizing the instigators.

In the event of a conflict situation, a law enforcement officer is obliged to qualitatively assess this situation, assessing their degree and danger, taking immediate measures to eliminate misconduct at the beginning of the events, informing the police officer on duty about the nature of the conflict, time, place and reason for its occurrence or maturation, the contingent and the number of participants, the number of people, their direct relation to the incident, and individual subjects may be in a state of internal conflict over the choice of behavior in a particular situation. Often tactless, rude communication (treatment) of police officers with citizens in mass events is really capable of provoking riots. In the process of maintaining public order, there are often cases of illegal actions of law enforcement officers in relation to participants in mass events, which received a wide response in society.

The psychological measure of preventing mass riots is the ability of all employees of law enforcement organizations to resist provocations from the most aggressive participants in the event, which, first of all, should in fact be ensured by conducting special training sessions on psychology. Tactically competent actions of law enforcement organizations allow in certain cases to prevent the onset of riots, and in the conditions of riots that have begun, they allow them to perform their duty with minimal casualties. The study of domestic and international experience in combating riots, as well as an analysis of the practice of law enforcement organizations, is essential to improve preventive work in this direction.

Literature

1. Kuzmin Yu.A. Victimological prevention of crimes // Actual problems of legal science and law enforcement practice collection of materials of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Faculty of Law. 2016. S. 370 - 374.

2. Levushin A.N. Modern humanism and environmentalism: conflict and interaction of two styles of thinking: dissertation abstract for the competition degree Candidate of Philosophical Sciences / Chuvash State University. I.N. Ulyanov. Cheboksary, 2010. 24 p.

3. Maslyuk I.A., Kuzmin Yu.A. Ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings // Actual problems of legal science and law enforcement practice Collection materials III International scientific - practical conference. 2013. S. 339 - 342.

4. Salivarov V.Ya., Kuzmin Yu.A. Dispositiveness, as well as issues of termination of a criminal case and criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings // Actual problems of legal science and law enforcement practice, collection of materials of the 4th Intern. scientific - pract. conf. 2014. S. 440 - 444.

Yu.A. Kuzmin

Aripov E.A., Adjunct of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The large-scale reforms taking place in the country and the processes of expanding democracy are accompanied by an increase in the political activity of people and the expansion of forms of expression of individual, collective and mass opinions of citizens on various issues of public life. All this puts forward new tasks for state bodies related to taking into account the opinion of the public while ensuring the safety of citizens and law and order.

Contemporary Russian society suffers huge losses from criminal manifestations in the course of socio-political, economic, national, religious conflicts. The general level of legal culture of the population is declining.

The general complication of the criminal situation is largely due to the spread of such criminal manifestations as mass riots, group violations of public order, accompanied by various criminal attacks, religious extremism, and inciting ethnic hatred. Generated by the objective conditions of society, they contain a considerable destructive potential and violate the norms of not only public order, but also pose a threat to national security, encroach on the normal functioning of the state apparatus, and destabilize the overall situation in the country. This is largely due to the crisis in the economic, political sphere, the collapse or significant weakening of traditional social institutions (family, school, university), moral values. A significant share of the responsibility for the prevention of these acts lies with state bodies at all levels, which are obliged to act as a guarantor of peace and order in society, but do not properly perform this function.

Since 1987 on the territory former Union SSR statistics show a noticeable increase in the number of cases of mass riots. For Russia, as a multinational federative state with numerous crisis phenomena, the problem of preventing mass riots is very relevant. At the same time, one cannot ignore the fact that the psychological readiness of a part of the population to resolve social contradictions by violent illegal actions, methods, including those that cause clashes with law enforcement agencies, is increasing. It is also no secret that mass riots, with all their outwardly spontaneous development, represent pre-planned, coordinated actions with a clear role participation. The criminal actions of a large number of people (crowds) are distinguished, as a rule, by aggressiveness, strong mutual influence, intensity of emotions, and the active use of such situations by the criminal element. It can be argued that the crowd (based on the laws of its psychology) excites, supports and activates antisocial behavior, the effect of negative mental infection acts in it, and people become more and more unrestrained. In order to skillfully fight, it is necessary to know the mechanisms that unite the crowd in order to develop anti-measures that make it possible to neutralize the actions of such a crowd.

Mass riots, representing an extreme form of manifestation of aggravated social relations and conflicts, currently have a steady growth trend and pose a serious danger to society, undermine its foundations, disrupt the normal functioning of the state and its citizens, the functioning of enterprises, institutions and organizations.

Thus, riots are acts committed large quantity people protesting against public safety and public order, accompanied by violence, pogroms, arson, destruction of property, use of firearms, explosives or explosive devices, as well as the provision of armed resistance to a representative of the authorities. A characteristic feature of riots is their politicization and the fact that they can be provoked by extremist-minded elements and used by them in the struggle for power.

One of the conditions for the effectiveness of riot prevention is an integrated approach to solving this problem, which consists in the unity of general social, criminological, protective and criminal law warnings, i.e. in the operation of the entire system of preventive action. The implementation of this approach in practice is hampered by the fact that it is very difficult to determine the boundaries of these types of prevention. The complex socio-legal nature of mass riots excludes the possibility of an absolutely clear division of their prevention into isolated areas of activity.

In the system of methods and means of combating riots, an important place is occupied by the use of relevant criminal law norms and institutions. Their timely application can reduce the number of potential subjects of these excesses by keeping from participating in them persons who, due to their criminal orientations, can violate the criminal law prohibition. Ultimately, this leads to a reduction in the severity of the consequences of riots, and in some cases to their prevention.

In accordance with Art. 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, one of the tasks of the current criminal law is the prevention of crimes (preventive function). It consists in preventing the commission of new crimes by persons who have committed crimes by applying punishment and other coercive measures to them (private prevention) and preventing the commission of crimes by citizens under the influence of a criminal law prohibition and the threat of punishment (general prevention). In this regard, the main content of the prevention of crimes using the norms of the criminal law, according to some authors, is intimidation by punishment. In addition, they rightly believe that the functions of criminal law prevention are the deprivation or limitation of the physical ability to commit a crime; correction with the help of punishment; prevention of more serious crimes by establishing responsibility for acts that create conditions for their commission; elimination of some factors of negative impact (mainly on minors); development of activity of citizens in the fight against crime; encouraging people with an antisocial social attitude to voluntarily refrain from committing crimes, to active repentance; promoting the implementation of the principle of inevitability of liability<1>.

<1>See: Ustinov V.S. The system of preventive influence on crime and criminal-legal prevention: Textbook. M., 1983. S. 45; Sarkisova E.A. Criminal-legal means of preventing crimes. Minsk, 1975. S. 143.

The preventive possibilities of the noted functions are realized both through the legislative definition of the system of criminal law means, and through law enforcement practice. The results of the criminal law warning here are the elimination, neutralization, localization of the relevant criminogenic factors that contribute to the commission of crimes.

These goals are achieved through a set of mutually reinforcing activities.<2>. The mechanism for their implementation can be represented as follows.

<2>For more details see: Pobegailo E.F., Revin V.P. Criminal-legal means of preventing serious crimes against a person. M., 1989. S. 8.

1. Legislative activity of the state to establish criminal liability for the organization and active participation in mass riots. Law as a regulator of social behavior today should become one of the main sources of stability, order, and tranquility in society. In order to increase the effectiveness of the fight against riots and related crimes, it is important not only to eliminate gaps in the legislation, but also to find ways to optimally apply its existing norms.
2. Widespread propaganda and explanation to the population of the provisions of the legislation on responsibility for organizing and participating in mass riots and the practice of its application. This highlights both the punitive aspects of the law, and its ability to stimulate socially useful behavior.
3. Prevention of crimes at the stages of preparation and attempt.
4. Identification and prosecution of organizers, instigators, accomplices of mass riots.
5. Public trial of criminal cases on crimes committed during mass riots. A court verdict of guilt (or innocence) and all law enforcement practice as a whole are one of the most effective means of shaping citizens' convictions of the inevitability of criminal liability for a crime committed.
6. Preventive work among adolescents and young people, timely application of the norm on the responsibility of adults for involving minors in criminal activities<3>.

Problem 5.1. Define the term "social group".

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Problem 5.2. What, in your opinion, is the difference between such social roles as a leader and a group leader?

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Problem 5.3. Describe the main styles of team leadership

Problem 5.4. Write the stages of development of spontaneous mass behavior. Explain these steps with a specific example.

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Task 5.5. Using the diagram, describe the structure of the social group.

Problem 5.6. come up with effective ways preventing riots, stopping panic and spreading rumors in the following problem situations.

a) On opposite paths, two irreconcilable groups of football fans are approaching each other. They are walking along one of the central streets of Moscow. A clash of groups can lead to casualties and numerous victims, both from the conflicting "fans" and bystanders;

b) During a rock concert, the scenery caught fire due to a short circuit in the sound equipment. There was a fire on the stage and later the fire spread to the side walls of the auditorium. Panic arose in the public, which consisted mainly of minors;

c) Rumors are circulating among the members of the housing cooperative that their house in a prestigious area of ​​the center of Moscow will be demolished, and in its place the city government plans to build a parking lot for cars in order to “unload” the main highways of the center of Moscow.

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Problem 5.7. Enter the main features of an organized criminal group.

Problem 5.8. Small groups can be formal (formal) and informal (informal). Determine which are formal and which are informal. List the main differences between them.

Battalion of soldiers __________________

Classroom __________________

A group of children playing in the sandbox __________________

Working team __________________

A group of children cleaning the street __________________

A group of tourists traveling abroad __________________

Training platoon __________________

Teachers working in the same school __________________

Problem 5.9. Answer the question: what determines the acceptance of a certain social role and status in a group by a person.

Problem 5.10. What type of criminal group does this community of people who have committed crimes belong to?

In the city, cases of attacks on commercial firms in order to seize valuable property and money have become more frequent. The crimes were committed by a group of people, well-armed, acting in concert and debugged, quickly and cruelly. The victims reported that the perpetrators appeared suddenly and disappeared instantly.

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Problem 5.11. Using the template provided, describe the structure of a primitive criminal group and describe the functions that members of the primitive group perform.

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Problem 5.12. To describe the main phenomena characteristic of small groups, the following concepts are used: "status", "role", "imitation", "collectivism". The descriptions given illustrate the relevant intra-group phenomena. Determine what intra-group phenomena are involved.

The constant care of the team members about his
success, the desire to resist what divides them.

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Normatively given and collectively approved behavior expected from a person occupying a certain position in a group.

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The position of a person in the system of intra-group relations, which determines his authority in the eyes of other members of the group.

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Consciously or unconsciously following the actions and actions of other people.

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Problem 5.13. Analyze the plot of the criminal case, determine the status of each member of the criminal group and the factors that determine this status.

Information from a criminal case. A criminal group of 6 teenagers committed a group rape of underage Katya 3. During the investigation, it was established that Katya 3. was friends with a member of this criminal group, Sasha N. A month before the crime, the group suggested Sasha to make Katya a "group girl". Sasha refused. A few days later, he lost at cards, and the group "put him on the counter." The day before the rape, the group demanded to repay the card debt or give her their girlfriend. Otherwise, he himself will be "lowered." Sasha invited Katya to the basement, where the group usually gathered. Further, the group pushed Sasha out of the basement, closed the door, leaving the common group girl Raya Zh. "on the lookout", and committed a group rape of Katya. From Katya's testimony and interrogation of the defendants, it was established that Sergei R. had raped her first, and Misha B. the last. The group then let Sasha into the basement and forced him to have sexual intercourse with the unconscious Katya.

Information about the members of the criminal group. Sergey R. - age 17 years old, was re-educated in a special school from 11 to 14 years old, then - in a special vocational school - up to 16 years old, together with accomplice Dima V. He is friends with an adult criminal authority who "holds" this microdistrict.

Dima V. - age 16, was re-educated in a special vocational school together with Sergei R., went through the same criminal case with him. He does not study at school or at vocational schools. During the investigation of the last criminal case, he took on the role of the organizer of the robbery of the store.

Misha B. is 13 years old, goes to school, skips classes, wanders, sometimes begs. Reaches for friendship with Grisha Yu., 15 years old, the son of wealthy parents. The next two members of the criminal group: Victor K. - age 16.5, a student of vocational school, "rushes" to become the leader of the group, but he is held back by a couple of friends - Sergey and Dima. Victor goes in for sports, "shakes" his muscles. He doesn't smoke or drink, the guy is "on his mind." As for Sasha N., his age is 15 years old, and he is a newcomer to this microdistrict. His family migrated from the zone of interethnic conflict. He joined the group to avoid the oppression of other groups.

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Main literature

1. Karayani A.G., Tsvetkov V.L. Psychology of communication and negotiations in extreme conditions. – M.: UNITI-DANA, 2014.

2. Karayani A.G., Tsvetkov V.L. Legal psychology: from experiment to practice. – M.: UNITI-DANA, 2013.

3. Karayani A.G., Tsvetkov V.L., Shevchenko V.M. and others. Psychology of operational-search activity - M .: UNITI-DANA, 2015.

4. Tsvetkov V.L. Legal psychology: textbook. manual for universities in schemes and comments. – M.: Shield-M, 2012.

5. Tsvetkov V.L., Khrustaleva T.A. Actual problems of management psychology in the internal affairs bodies: tutorial. - M .: Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013.

additional literature

1. Aminov I.I. Legal psychology: a textbook for universities - M. Omega-L Publishing House, 2011.

2. Eremeev S.G. Legal psychology: textbook. allowance - M .: DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2011.

3. Maltseva T.V., Khrustaleva T.A. Legal psychology: main issues and problems: Ref. - M.: Moscow State University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2011.

4. Smirnov V.N. Legal psychology: a textbook for university students studying in the specialties "Jurisprudence" and "Psychology" - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2012.

5. Legal psychology with the basics of general and social psychology: Proc. for universities / Ed. V.Ya.Kikotya. - M.: UNITY-DANA: Law and Law, 2012.

Similar information.

The main efforts of the internal affairs bodies (law enforcement agencies) should be aimed at preventing mass riots. Forceful actions are used only when all other possibilities have been exhausted.

The most effective measures to prevent group violations of public order and riots include:

Deep analysis of emerging political, economic and social tensions, including in interethnic relations, timely informing interested authorities about them;

Collection and compilation of operational and current information about informal organizations whose activities are aimed at promoting the priority and exclusivity of one nation over another. Making proposals to interested bodies on the prohibition of their functioning. Using for the same purpose official warnings to the leaders of such organizations about the inadmissibility of violating laws, about inciting ethnic hatred;

Cooperation with the media to expose extremist movements, associations and their leaders; to explain the measures taken by the authorities and administration to relieve tension in interethnic relations; on the prevention and disclosure of criminal offenses and riots;

Identification and prosecution of persons inciting ethnic hatred, spreading false rumors that could cause group violations of public order, including riots;

Offensive, systematic work to prevent and solve crimes, to bring the perpetrators to account under the law;

The choice of organizational and tactical schemes for the actions of the internal affairs bodies to prevent and suppress group violations of public order and riots is carried out taking into account specific circumstances. At the stage of early prevention, the internal affairs bodies solve their tasks using the usual organizational structure, using traditional, conventional forms and methods of work. At the stage of suppression, a special organizational structure(operational headquarters), a special grouping of forces and means (combined detachment), special techniques and methods of action are used, including special operations.

The study of domestic and foreign experience in combating riots, analysis of the practice of internal affairs bodies make it possible to propose the following list of measures to improve preventive work:

Establishing direct communication with the teams of enterprises, institutions, organizations, their leaders, leaders of public organizations and informal movements;

Participation in the activities of conciliation commissions, councils of elders, etc. in the event of conflict situations;

Development of cooperation with the media;

Immediate response to statements and reports of citizens, officials, mass media about the facts of inciting ethnic or religious hatred, attempts to put pressure on public authorities and administration, about gatherings of extremist elements, criminal thieves' authorities and other circumstances that negatively affect the operational environment;

Rapid and objective response to facts of violations of the law and professional ethics employees of internal affairs bodies and other law enforcement agencies.

As noted above, group violations of public order and mass riots, as a rule, come from a spontaneously gathered crowd. When carrying out preventive measures, everything possible must be done to avoid rampant passions and clashes that entail the use of force. Knowledge various kinds crowd behavior is a necessary element for the implementation of the strategy and tactics of maintaining order.

Experience shows that a crowd of people can appear in two aspects:

a) unorganized crowd- passive. Mutual arrangement there are such individuals in it that they do not react to each other. This crowd is usually submissive, easily controlled;

b) organized crowd consists of individuals who already have a different psychology. Here comes the collective consciousness, which prevails over the sense of personal responsibility. Such a mass of people can become nervous, intolerant, implacable and not afraid of threats.

The tactics of showing confidence is one of the main means of controlling the behavior of the crowd. In this case, the head of the internal affairs body responsible for ensuring public order takes the following actions in accordance with the development of the behavior of the crowd:

Conducts a dialogue with its leaders (informal leaders, organizers), in the course of which he convinces them of the inadmissibility of illegal behavior, warns of responsibility;

Asserts his authority as responsible for public order, tries to inspire respect for himself. At the same time, he must be tolerant of minor disturbances and not provoke a more serious conflict through the use of force;

The method of persuasion, as a rule, allows you to calm a large part of the crowd. But if the method of persuasion has not had its effect, the crowd continues to get excited and behaves threateningly;

Tactical methods of action of forces and means of law enforcement agencies to suppress riots can be divided into contact and non-contact.

With a non-contact method the main thing is the introduction of special groupings of law enforcement forces directly into the crowd in order to separate it, disperse and disperse it. The division of the crowd is carried out in one or more directions into several parts.

When the organizers and active participants in the riots are concentrated in the head of the crowd, it is recommended that separation and dispersal groups (in a column of at least four people) be advanced from two sides at once towards the center of the head of the crowd. When the groups approach and the active participants in the riots separate from the bulk of the crowd, one part of the column blocks the offenders, while the other forces the passive participants into the nearby streets and alleys. Withdrawal groups and their covers are introduced into the formed corridors, which detain violators in the blocked part of the crowd and transfer them to escort groups for delivery to filtration points.

The documentation group fixes the criminal actions of the rioters, collects evidence of their guilt.

It should be borne in mind that the directions for crowding out and dispersing the crowd must be chosen in such a way that it is not driven into a dead end that would prevent its participants from leaving the place of mass disorder. It is necessary to avoid the possibility of individual actions of law enforcement officers or to allow them to become locked in a cycle of "provocation-repression".

non-contact method- this is the impact of law enforcement forces on the crowd at a distance through the use of special technical and other means provided for by law (water cannons, gas clouds, soap suds, sound amplifying installations, rubber bullets, etc.).

In the process of using such means, law enforcement forces displace the crowd in a given direction, disperse and scatter its participants. At the same time, illegal actions are recorded (using film and video recording, photography), documentation and collection of evidence of the guilt of violators and their detention.

The advantage of the non-contact method is that the end result is achieved with fewer losses among the civilian population and law enforcement forces.

The decision to use this or that method of suppressing mass riots should be made taking into account the specific conditions of the current situation and the availability of the necessary number of forces and means.

After the cessation of the riots, it is necessary to organize increased patrolling by law enforcement agencies, to carry out explanatory work among the population about the measures taken to prevent such atrocities.

Drawing a conclusion from the lecture, we can say that the protection of public order and ensuring public safety are of great importance in emergency situations. An emergency situation caused by natural, social, biological, man-made and other phenomena requires the establishment of a special legal regime, under which the internal affairs bodies have to act to maintain this regime.

It is extremely important for services, units and all employees of the internal affairs bodies to act decisively and skillfully in these difficult conditions, ensuring the personal safety of citizens and public safety, while preventing the loss of personnel, weapons, equipment and other material and technical means.

Topic 1. Subject, purpose and objectives of the course. The history of the development of psychology, its main branches and methods. Theoretical basis study and practical use of psychological patterns in law enforcement

A task 1.1. Fill in the table of the main stages in the development of psychology as a science.

A task 1.2. Write the branches of psychology known to you, reveal their subject of study.

A task 1.3. System legal psychology includes a number of sections, each of which has its own substructure, state them in accordance with the diagram below:

A task 1.4. Fill in the table of the use of psychological knowledge in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies

A task 1.5. List the methods of legal psychology, taking into account the proposed classification.

A task 1.6. Display using a graphical method (Euler circles) the relationship between the concepts of the psyche and consciousness:

Problem 1.7. Fill in the table of the main functions of mental activity.

Problem 1.8. Fill in the table of the main aspects of legal consciousness.

Problem 1.9. The human psyche is characterized by different levels. A higher level forms a conscious reflection of reality. The lowest level is the unconscious. Examples of actions that are performed on different levels awareness. Indicate at what level - conscious or unconscious - each action is performed.

Topic 2. Mental phenomena and their manifestation in the field of law

Task 2.1. When examining the scene of the incident, the fetid smell of a decaying corpse dulls the sensitivity of visual analyzers, and noise also negatively affects the sharpness of visual perception of an operative worker.

What property (regularity) of sensation was presented in the given examples. Write, please, what other properties of sensation do you know. How do the patterns of sensation you indicated affect the character professional activity internal affairs officer.

Task 2.2. The eye of the artist distinguishes much smaller changes in the size of the subject than is available to non-artists.

What property of sensations is referred to in the given example.

Task 2.3. Will they differ verbal portraits of the same person, compiled on the basis of the testimony of an adult and a child.

Write how the individual psychological characteristics of a person, as well as the type of his professional activity, affect his perception of another person. What is the name of the property of perception, denoting the dependence of perception on past experience.

Task 2.4. The victim, who was attacked by robbers, found it difficult to describe the situation of the crime. However, when she entered the scene, she accurately indicated the arch of the house where the criminals had appeared, and the lane into which one of them had fled.

What memory mechanism was used to revive the victim's memories.

Task 2.5. Fill in the table of factors that determine a person's attention. Give an example for each factor you wrote.

Problem 2.6. The investigator and other officials, while conducting a search, must simultaneously examine the dwelling, various buildings, areas of the area, observe the behavior of the person being searched and the searchers, analyze the situation at the place of the search in order to obtain information necessary for the investigation.

Which of the properties of attention is most clearly manifested in this situation. What other properties of attention can you name. Give them a definition.

Problem 2.7. This fact is known. During a search of the house of a clandestine abortionist, when the investigator was examining the closet, a police officer who was checking the outbuildings distracted him with a message about the futility of his search. After that, the investigator mechanically closed the cabinet door and moved on to the bookcase. A suitcase with tools and medicines was kept in the closet.

What property of the investigator's attention was disturbed as a result of distracting actions of a police officer? Write down the rules for conducting searches effectively, both in terms of the search for objects itself and in dealing with others in the area being searched.

Problem 2.8. What is the difference between two types of imagination: creative and reproductive (recreating).

From films or books, give a vivid example of the solution by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of a professional task when they connect their imagination.

Topic 3. Mental emotional-volitional processes and mental states, features of their manifestation in the field of law

Task 3.1. Fill in the table of the main functions of emotions and feelings.

Task 3.2. Fill in the table of patterns of emotions and feelings.

Task 3.3. Give an example of how the emotional state of a witness to a crime or a victim influenced the nature of his perception of the circumstances of the case under investigation.

Task 3.4. Write non-verbal signs of the following emotions and feelings:

Task 3.5. Two young people approached a stranger with the aim of robbing and asked him to give him a light. The stranger rudely refused the request, and they began to beat him, then took the wallet and ran away. One of them, who dealt the first blow to the victim, claimed that he had insulted him, and he was in a state of passion.

Is it possible in this case to speak of a state of affect? Comment on the answer.

Problem 3.6. List the main externally observable signs of physiological affect:

Problem 3.7. Name and describe the main stages in the development of psychological stress (according to G. Selye).

Problem 3.8. Write signs of a volitional act.

Problem 3.9. Using psychological terminology, characterize Efremov's criminal will.

In a small town for a long time there were fires. According to some suggestions, they were the result of deliberate arson. In the end, the criminal was detained - 23-year-old Efremov. Explaining the motives of his behavior, he stated that in this way he took revenge on the victims. Painfully proud, awkward, laconic, inept at work, Efremov was not popular in the village: he was rarely invited to visit, girls rejected his courtship, and adults considered him "half-wit."

Gradually, hostility towards the inhabitants of the village became Efremov's habitual feeling. Having once again found himself in the position of being rejected, for several days he “did not find a place for himself”, dreaming of “rising above people and putting everyone in his place”, kept a pedantic account of the “humiliations” that he supposedly had to endure. Once the house of one of the "offenders" caught fire, and Efremov experienced acute pleasure, watching the excited and frightened people. The next day, he himself set fire to a house at the other end of the village and, being among the people who helped put out the fire, rejoiced in the panic. Soon, the need to make people suffer, worry, cry and worry became so great for Efremov that he was already actively looking for a reason to quarrel with one of the residents, so that, having endured humiliation, avenge him by arson.

Topic 4. Personality as an object of psychological knowledge in the field of activity of internal affairs bodies

Problem 4.1. Answer the following question: "What kind of person can be considered a person?"

Give your definition of "personality".

A task 4.2. Display using the graphical method (Euler circles) the relationship of the following concepts:

A) Personality and the criminal from the point of view of criminal law

B) Personality and the criminal from the point of view of criminal psychology

Task 4.3. Build a classification of the basic needs of the individual ("pyramid" by A. Maslow). Do you agree with the pattern derived by A. Maslow, according to which the needs of a higher level cannot be satisfied until the needs of lower levels are satisfied. Comment on the answer.

Task 4.4. When asked by the head of the investigative department why investigator Gribov could not establish contact with the person under investigation Mamin, Gribov replied that Mamin deliberately disrupted the interrogation, delaying the response time, spoke very slowly, was distracted and constantly “chews unnecessary details.” In turn, Mamin said that Gribov "fusses all the time."

Determine the temperament of Gribov and Mamin. Comment on the answer.

A task 4.5. You can often hear that the choleric and melancholic types of temperament have more negative sides than others. Determine the positive aspects of these types of temperament.

Choleric:

Melancholic:

A task 4.6. Using psychological terminology, determine the motives and goals of this crime.

A., G. and B. were drunk outside a liquor store. K. approached them and asked for the money he needed to buy wine. Hearing the refusal, he rudely expressed dissatisfaction and walked away. A., G. and B. caught up with him and started beating him. Hearing curses and threats in response, one of them unfastened his belt with a heavy metal buckle and began to strike K.'s head with it, who soon lost consciousness and fell. The criminals continued to beat him, kicking him with boots. After that, one of the criminals picked up his fur hat lying next to K., took off his scarf AND gloves, another criminal searched the pockets of K.'s coat and took the money available there.

A task 4.7. On the basis of theoretical knowledge, make a psychological description of one of the types of criminal personality (selfish, selfish-violent and violent - underline the chosen one) according to the following scheme:

A) Biographical data (name, date of birth, nationality, education, profession, marital status)

B) Information about the formation of personality (material conditions of life, position and behavior in the team, whether it can be influenced by others)

C) The structure of the personality (features of mental processes and states - perception, attention, memory, thinking, speech, imagination, feelings and emotions, will; orientation - needs, drives, interests and worldview; temperament; character - attitude towards oneself, society, work , stability and moral qualities; general and special abilities - inclinations, giftedness and talent)

Problem 4.8. Write the factors known to you that influence the conformity of behavior.

What manifestations of conformity does an employee of the internal affairs bodies face in their professional activities.

Problem 4.9. Determine the personality type of the offender according to the following characteristics:

a). Mishin is 48 years old, a 1st class driver by profession, has a secondary education, is married, has two children, and has a previous conviction. The crime was committed as a result of a gross violation of the rules of the road: a collision with a fatal outcome while overtaking vehicle on a section of the highway where it was prohibited. The victim was given first aid and then taken to the hospital. During the investigation and in court, he sincerely repented of the crime he had committed.

b). Kairov, 52 years old, specialty doctor-therapist, higher medical education. Married. Dependent on two children and elderly parents. Previously, he worked as the chief physician of a district hospital, but was demoted for financial abuse and for some time served as head of the therapeutic department of the same hospital. He obviously lives beyond his means: he has two houses, a dacha, and a car. While holding the position of chief physician, he sold drugs prescribed for hospital patients. The amount stolen by him was 500,000 rubles. By the time the criminal case was opened, he had fled.

in). On the eve of the holidays, citizen N. applied to the internal affairs bodies with a statement that his 17-year-old daughter, a student at the Law Institute, had been kidnapped by unknown persons who demanded $25,000 for her release. The merchant knew that by the time the money was handed over, the hostages might have already been killed, and therefore, without hesitation, he turned to the police. On the same day, the girl was released. She and a friend were kept in an apartment on the outskirts of the city.

During the proceedings, it turned out that the 18-year-old friend of the girl, who, by the way, is under house arrest on charges of hooliganism, became entangled in debt and was obliged to return 20 thousand dollars to the “brotherhood”. Throwing another $ 5,000 "for his services," he offered creditors to organize the kidnapping of his girlfriend. The young man called a friend and invited him on a date. The unsuspecting girl had not yet managed to approach her boyfriend, when a Mercedes stopped nearby, and a man with a gun literally drove the young people into a car that took them out of town. From there, she was allowed to call her parents at home and inform them of the terms of her release.

The hostage was sure until the last moment that her friend was also held hostage and was experiencing the hardships of captivity with her. (Determine the type of criminal personality of the girl's friend).

Problem 4.10. What, in your opinion, is the difference between character accentuation and personality psychopathy.

Problem 4.11. A study of the personality of deviant adolescents showed that most often they are characterized by accentuations of the epileptoid, schizoid and hyperthymic types. Describe the mentioned types of accentuations.

epileptoid

Schizoid

Hyperthymic

Problem 4.12. Write how people would behave in the situations below. different types temperament.

a) verification of documents at rush hour by a police officer for the protection of the subway when you are late for work;

b) dismissal from work;

c) panic in a room engulfed in fire .

Problem 4.13. What special abilities do you think a person who wants to work in the internal affairs bodies should have?

Problem 4.14. Indicate what components of the individual and personality are discussed in the proposed definitions.

The most important property of the individual, which expresses the dynamics of the development of a person as a social being, the main tendencies of his behavior.

A person's need for certain conditions of life and development.

Motivation for activity, answering the question "For what is it done?"

Mental properties that are the conditions for the successful implementation of any one or more activities.

The totality of core life-formed properties - the relationship of a person to the world, leaving an imprint on all his actions and deeds.

A stable combination of psychodynamic properties, manifested in activity and behavior.

Topic 5. Psychology social groups and interpersonal relationships, the importance of its analysis for improving law enforcement

Problem 5.1. Define the term "social group".

Problem 5.2. What, in your opinion, is the difference between such social roles as a leader and a group leader?

Problem 5.3. Describe the main styles of team leadership

Problem 5.4. Write the stages of development of spontaneous mass behavior. Explain these steps with a specific example.

Task 5.5. Using the diagram, describe the structure of the social group.

Problem 5.6. Think of effective ways to prevent riots, stop panic and spread rumors in the following problem situations.

a) On opposite paths, two irreconcilable groups of football fans are approaching each other. They are walking along one of the central streets of Moscow. A clash of groups can lead to casualties and numerous victims, both from the conflicting "fans" and bystanders;

b) During a rock concert, the scenery caught fire due to a short circuit in the sound equipment. There was a fire on the stage and later the fire spread to the side walls of the auditorium. Panic arose in the public, which consisted mainly of minors;

c) Rumors are circulating among the members of the housing cooperative that their house in a prestigious area of ​​the center of Moscow will be demolished, and in its place the city government plans to build a parking lot for cars in order to “unload” the main highways of the center of Moscow.

Problem 5.7. Enter the main features of an organized criminal group.

Problem 5.8. Small groups can be formal (formal) and informal (informal). Determine which are formal and which are informal. List the main differences between them.

Battalion of soldiers

Classroom

Group of children playing in the sandbox

work brigade

Group of children cleaning the street

Group of tourists traveling abroad

training platoon

Teachers working in the same school

Problem 5.9. Answer the question: what determines the acceptance of a certain social role and status in a group by a person.

Problem 5.10. What type of criminal group does this community of people who have committed crimes belong to?

In the city, cases of attacks on commercial firms in order to seize valuable property and money have become more frequent. The crimes were committed by a group of people, well-armed, acting in concert and debugged, quickly and cruelly. The victims reported that the perpetrators appeared suddenly and disappeared instantly.

Problem 5.11. Using the template provided, describe the structure of a primitive criminal group and describe the functions that members of the primitive group perform.

Problem 5.12. To describe the main phenomena characteristic of small groups, the following concepts are used: "status", "role", "imitation", "collectivism". The descriptions given illustrate the relevant intra-group phenomena. Determine what intra-group phenomena are involved.

The constant concern of the members of the team about its success, the desire to resist what separates them.

Normatively given and collectively approved behavior expected from a person occupying a certain position in a group.

The position of a person in the system of intra-group relations, which determines his authority in the eyes of other members of the group.

Consciously or unconsciously following the actions and actions of other people.

Problem 5.13. Analyze the plot of the criminal case, determine the status of each member of the criminal group and the factors that determine this status.

Information from a criminal case. A criminal group of 6 teenagers committed a group rape of underage Katya 3. During the investigation, it was established that Katya 3. was friends with a member of this criminal group, Sasha N. A month before the crime, the group suggested Sasha to make Katya a "group girl". Sasha refused. A few days later, he lost at cards, and the group "put him on the counter." The day before the rape, the group demanded to repay the card debt or give her their girlfriend. Otherwise, he himself will be "lowered." Sasha invited Katya to the basement, where the group usually gathered. Further, the group pushed Sasha out of the basement, closed the door, leaving the common group girl Raya Zh. "on the lookout", and committed a group rape of Katya. From Katya's testimony and interrogation of the defendants, it was established that Sergei R. had raped her first, and Misha B. the last. The group then let Sasha into the basement and forced him to have sexual intercourse with the unconscious Katya.

Information about the members of the criminal group. Sergey R. - age 17 years old, was re-educated in a special school from 11 to 14 years old, then - in a special vocational school - up to 16 years old, together with accomplice Dima V. He is friends with an adult criminal authority who "holds" this microdistrict.

Dima V., age 16, was re-educated in a special vocational school together with Sergey R., went through the same criminal case with him. He does not study at school or at vocational schools. During the investigation of the last criminal case, he took on the role of the organizer of the robbery of the store.

Misha B. is 13 years old, goes to school, misses classes, wanders, sometimes begs. Reaches for friendship with Grisha Yu., 15 years old, the son of wealthy parents. The next two members of the criminal group: Victor K. - age 16.5, student of vocational school, "rushes" into the leaders of the group, but he is held back by a couple of friends - Sergey and Dima. Victor goes in for sports, "shakes" his muscles. He doesn't smoke or drink, the guy is "on his mind." As for Sasha N., he is 15 years old, and he is a newcomer to this microdistrict. His family migrated from the zone of interethnic conflict. He joined the group to avoid the oppression of other groups.