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Lesson Objectives:

• Educational- to acquaint students with the uniqueness of the PTK Ural and compare it with the Caucasus.
• Educational- to continue the development of the ability to determine the geographical position; to improve the generalized cartographic method of reading conventional signs.
• Educational- generate interest in the topic being studied; ecological thinking; cultivate respect for the environment.

Lesson type: a lesson in improving knowledge, skills and abilities, learning new material.

Type of lesson: lesson-journey using a computer.

Forms and methods of the lesson: individual work, pair work, heuristic conversation, messages

Means of education: atlases, slides, computer, interactive whiteboard.

Concepts: Ural, names of minerals and rocks.

Nomenclature: Deposits of iron ores - Magnitogorsk, Kachkanorsk, copper ores - Krasnouralsk, Gayskoye, gold - Berezovskoye, asbestos - Bazhenovskoye, salt - Verkhnekamskoye, Sol-Iletskoye, oil - Ishembaysky.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment.
2. Checking homework.
3. Learning a new topic:
3.1 .Geographical position
3.2. Relief, geological development
3.3. Climate
3.4. Inland waters
3.5. Natural resources
4. Consolidation and withdrawal.
5. Homework.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment

2. Checking homework on the topic “Caucasus”

3. Learning a new topic

There is already a link in your chain of knowledge about the Caucasus Mountains (Slide 2 - image of the chain). Let's continue exploring the mountains. “Only mountains can be better than mountains ...” - the epigraph of today's lesson. Topic: "Ural - stone belt Russian land". The purpose of the lesson: To get acquainted with the uniqueness of the PTK of the Urals and compare it with the Caucasus (Slide 3 - the topic of the lesson).
Let's recall the plan for characterizing the study of the PTK and fill in the information about the Caucasus in the table. Working with an interactive whiteboard (Slide 4)

Teacher: Guys, what do you know about the Urals? (Mountain country, length 2000 km, border between Europe and Asia)(Slide 5).

– And today we will continue to fill the link with new knowledge.

1. The name of the mountain

Teacher: Ancient authors called these mountains Rifian, “Stone”, “Earth Belt”, “Stone Belt of the Russian Land” - this is how the Urals were called until the 18th century. The name Ural first appears in the works of the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev and replaces all previous names. What does this word mean: “Ur” in Mansi, and “ure” in Evenki means “mountain”, in Turkic “belt” (students write in notebooks). The Ural, which has a length of 2000 km, is not only a mountain, but a whole mountainous country, a mountain belt.

2. We determine the geographical position of the Ural Mountains. To do this, recall the plan for determining the geographical location. (The work of students with atlases and interactive map)
- In what direction are the Ural Mountains stretched?
- How can the nature of the Urals be affected by its elongation for ... km.
- Determine on the map 5 peaks of the Urals and its height? (Slide 7)

3. Relief and geological development. The Urals is located between two tectonic structures: Russian ... and West Siberian ...
The Ural was formed in the ancient Paleozoic - in the Hercynian period, in the Mesozoic it was almost completely destroyed. In the Neogene - Quaternary time, individual blocks were raised. Then again weathering. The destruction of the mountains revealed rich mineral deposits, made them available for development.

(Teacher's story)(Slide 8)

4. The climate of the Urals is diverse. Why?

Map task:

1. Determine the average January temperature in the north of the Urals.
2. Average temperature in the south of the Urals.
3. Average July temperature in the north of the Urals.
4. The average temperature in the south of the Urals (slide 8)

Practical work of students on maps of the atlas(Slide 9)

• The mountains are stretched for 2000 km. in the meridional direction and Northern part The Urals is located beyond the Arctic Circle and receives much less solar radiation than the southern
• Differences in moistening of the western and eastern slopes.
• In any mountains, climatic conditions change with height.

5. Inland waters

The Ural is a watershed of current rivers, along the West Siberian Plain and along the Russian Plain. Find on the map the rivers flowing from the Ural Mountains.

Students mark on contour map major rivers and lakes.(Slide 10).

Messages-presentations about the Chusovaya River, lakes Turgoyak and Zyuratkul are heard.

6. Natural resources of the Urals

Soviet poet Alexander Tvardovsky wrote:

Ural! The supporting edge of the state,
Her earner and blacksmith,
The same age as our ancient glory
And glory to the current creator ...

4. Brainstorm: Why did this particular region receive such a high title: “The stronghold of the state, its miner and blacksmith?” (Students' opinions are heard)

The Urals is the underground pantry of the country, about one thousand varieties of minerals have been found here and over 12 thousand mineral deposits have been taken into account.
The main wealth of the Urals is ores, and complex ones, with an admixture of titanium, vanadium, nickel, chromium, and copper ores with an admixture of zinc, gold, silver.
The Northern Urals are rich in forest resources, the Southern Urals are rich in soil, agro-climatic, but there are not enough water resources. The Urals are rich in recreational resources. (Slide 13)
Tourists are attracted not only by beautiful places, picturesque lakes, but also by the only Ilmensky mineralogical reserve. (student presentation)

5. Conclusions. Return to the purpose of the lesson. Checking the table "Comparative characteristics of the Caucasus and the Urals." (Slide 14)

6. Reflection. The journey is over. Did you like it? What have you learned?

7. Homework (slide 15)

Repetition Repetition 1. Why are the Caucasus young mountains? 2. Prove that these are young mountains 3. Why do the western parts of Ciscaucasia receive more precipitation than the eastern ones? 4. What is the name of the resorts of the Caucasus, which have mineral springs? 5.. In the central part of the Caucasus large area occupied by glaciers, although the territory receives a large amount of total solar radiation during the year. How do you explain it? What is the difference between local winds - foehn and bora?

Ural The length of the Ural Mountains from south to north is 2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east from 50 to 150 kilometers. The Ural Mountains stretch from the coast of the Arctic Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. In the east - the West Siberian Plain, in the west - the Russian Plain In ancient times, the Ural Mountains were called the Riphean Mountains, and until the 18th century, the "stone belt" (translated from Turkic, "Ural" means belt). The Ural Mountains are relatively low: only a few peaks reach a height of 1.5 thousand meters above sea level, and the highest of them (Mount Narodnaya) is 1895 meters. 1. Direction and extent 2. The borders of the Urals 3. The height of the mountains 4. How does it affect the nature of the Urals, its length from north to south for 2000 km?

The Urals The Urals are separated from the Russian platform by the Pre-Ural trough, which consists of sedimentary rocks (clay, sand, gypsum, limestone). The Ural Mountains were formed in PZ, but in MZ they were almost completely destroyed. Separate parts of the Urals rose during the KZ (Neogene). But even these folded-blocky Ural Mountains were destroyed as a result of external forces (weathering and erosion). Find Mineral deposits: -iron ores: Magnitogorsk, Kachkanarskoye, Khalilovskoye -Copper ores: Krasnouralskoye, Gayskoye, Sibaevskoye - gold: Berezovskoye -Asbestos: Bazhenovskoye -Oil: Ishimbai -Coal: Pechorsky, Kizelovsky

Urals Urals Mineral resources Western slope Eastern slope is gentle Geological structure igneous, metamorphic steep sedimentary Oil, gas, coal, phosphorites, potassium salts Iron, copper, nickel, manganese ores, gold, graphite, bauxite, asbestos

1. The climate of the Urals is diverse. Why? 2. Determine the average temperatures of January and July in the Northern (Polar) and Southern Urals. 3. Why does the western slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation than the eastern ones? 5. How do climatic conditions change with altitude? 4. In what climatic zone and region are the Ural Mountains located?

Climate of the Urals Climate of the Urals Despite their relatively low altitude, the Ural Mountains have a significant effect on climatic conditions. They are the boundary between different climatic zones: the temperate continental climate of the East European plain and continental climate Western Siberia. Atlantic air masses reach western slope The Urals, trying to overcome it, rise higher and cool down. As a result, in the western part of the Urals, large quantity precipitation than in the eastern (about 1.5-2 times). The temperature regime also has its own characteristics. In the western part of the Urals, winters are more snowy and, accordingly, milder. In the east, snow falls less, and frosts reach ºС.

Ural Waters of the Urals The Ural Mountains are the watershed of the rivers flowing through the West Siberian Plain and the Russian Plain. In the Urals, rivers originate, so they are shallow. Name the rivers. Pechora Shchuchya, Northern Sosva, Tavda, Tura, Iset, Mias Kama, Belaya, Ufa, Chusovaya Which ocean basins are rivers? How to provide the industrial cities of the Urals with water? Construction of ponds and reservoirs There are few lakes in the Urals, they are tectonic, karst in origin
Homework Homework Paragraph 32, On the contour map, select 5 parts of the Urals 2. Mark highest points Ural 3. Mark the minerals of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals. Give comparative characteristic Southern and Polar Urals.

slide 1

Final lesson on the topic: "Ural" Grade 8

slide 2

1. Expand and generalize students' knowledge about the nature of the Urals. 2. To develop students' knowledge of cause-and-effect relationships in nature using the example of the Urals. 3. Continue to form ideas about natural resources Urals and their use.

slide 3

1. Along which meridian are the Ural Mountains located? 2. What plain is located west of the Urals? 3. What is the name of the highest peak of the Urals? 4. With the era of what folding is the formation of the Urals associated? 5.What natural resources Ural are the main ones? 6. What ornamental stones lie in the Urals? 7. What is the name of the mineralogical reserve in the Urals? 8. What minerals occur in Magnitogorsk and Kachkanar? 9. What fuel minerals are mined in the Cis-Urals? 10. What is the length of the Ural Mountains?

slide 4

1. Along which meridian are the Ural Mountains located? (60 ° E) 2. What plain is located to the west of the Urals? (Russian Plain) 3. What is the name of the highest peak of the Urals? (Narodnaya) 4. With what era of folding is the formation of the Urals associated? (Hercynian) 5. What are the main natural resources of the Urals? (minerals - ores) 6. What ornamental stones lie in the Urals? (malachite, jasper, etc.) 7. What is the name of the mineralogical reserve in the Urals? (Ilmensky) 8. What minerals occur in Magnitogorsk and Kachkanar? (iron ores) 9. What fuel minerals are mined in the Cis-Urals? (oil and gas) 10. What is the length of the Ural Mountains? (2000 km).

slide 5

... Ural! The supporting edge of the state, Its earner and blacksmith, The same age as our ancient glory And the creator of the present glory! A.T. Tvardovsky

slide 6

Frontier Geographic location 1. Between two parts of the world 1. Deep position 2. Between different areas earth's crust. 2. Position on the border 3. Between the various forms of Europe and Asia relief. 4. Between the basins of the largest rivers. 5. Between climatic zones and regions. 6. Between several natural areas. Main Factors

Slide 7

GP factors position inside the mainland elongation from north to south accessibility to winds from the Arctic Ocean

Slide 8

You raised a stony skeleton Above the great deserts of the past years. Rubbing with the winds, for centuries Your worn-out stone to the foot. The winnowed ashes lay in a veil on the hidden mounds of the ancient ridges, And there was no trace left of the heights - Only the depths are ancient, and ore is in the depths. The steeps celebrate housewarming at the top, Young rivers cut gorges, Young streams dig for ores, Young keys to ancient riches Yu.K. Efremov

Slide 9

slide 10

“If you look at the mountain from afar, it seems that its entire slope is covered with small gravel, like paving stones. These are stone placers - kurums. To enter the mountain along the placer, you will have to climb from stone to stone for a long time. When you rise to the top of the mountain, a majestic picture will appear before you: the placer slides down a solid gray mass of boulders, as if poured out of a huge bag by some giant. The edges of the placer are usually overgrown with bushes of honeysuckle, bird cherry, raspberry, willow-tea, in some places Siberian cedars, mountain spruces and firs rise. (According to D. Mamin-Sibiryak).

slide 11

slide 12

slide 13

Rivers of the Urals flowing into the Russian Plain flowing into the West Siberian Lowland 1. Vishera 1. Shchuchya (tributary of the Ob) 2. Usa (tributary of the Pechora) 2. Tura (tributary of the Tobol) 3. Shchuger (tributary of the Pechora) 3. Sosva 4. Kosva (tributary of the Kama), etc. 4. Son, etc.

slide 14

Determine which areas the following characteristics apply to. Write your answer in numbers. 1. Here is the highest part of the Urals. 2. Winter lasts eight months, and a short gloomy summer with the sun not setting beyond the horizon - only two months. 3. Taiga here seems silent and gloomy. Krasnovishersk and Ivdel are the largest cities here. 4. The nature of this part of the Urals has been most changed by man. The small old factories have now become great centers of industry. 5. Low foothills are replaced by separate mountains - remnants, among them the famous Magnetic. 6. On warm days, mosquitoes rule over the tundra, which force the deer to migrate closer to the sea coast, to its refreshing winds. 7. The Pechora River originates in this area. 8. The Ilmensky State Reserve is located in this area. 9. The largest city of the Urals is located. 10. In clear weather, from the flat ruined top of Mount Iremel to the west, a wide panorama opens up to the lower chains of mountains, and beyond the mountains - steppes. AREA NAME ANSWER Polar 2, 6 Subpolar 1 North 3, 7 Medium 4, 9 South 5, 8, 10 AREA NAME ANSWER Polar Subpolar North Medium South

slide 15

1. The word "Ural" means "belt". Is this name justified? Prove it. 2. Compare by physical map western and eastern slopes Ural. What is their difference? Explain. 3. Why is the Middle Urals the richest in minerals? 4. In the city of Zlatoust, the annual amount of precipitation is 540 mm, in Chelyabinsk - 390 mm, despite the fact that these cities lie on the same geographical latitude. How to explain such a difference?

slide 16

Tikhonov Vladimir

The presentation material can be used in the lessons of the world around this topic. The presentation tells about the location of the Ural Mountains, their structure, rivers and lakes, climate, wildlife, natural resources.

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Slides captions:

URAL - STONE BELT OF RUSSIA Lesson on OM for a student of the 4B class of secondary school No. 605 of St. Petersburg Tikhonov Vladimir (teacher Bushueva V.Yu.)

"Ural" in Bashkir - belt There is a Bashkir tale about a giant who wore a belt with deep pockets. He hid all his wealth in them. The belt was huge. Once a giant stretched it, and the belt lay across the whole earth, from the cold Kara Sea in the north to the sandy shores of the southern Caspian Sea. This is how the Ural Range was formed.

The stone belt of the Urals stretches for more than 2,500 km from the shores of the Arctic Ocean in the north to the semi-desert regions of Kazakhstan in the south. The Ural stretches between the East European and West Siberian plains, is located at the junction of Europe and Asia and is the border between these regions.

The Ural Mountains are divided into five parts: Polar Urals Subpolar Urals Northern Urals Middle Urals Southern Urals

The Polar Ural is the northernmost part of the Ural Mountains. The area is about 25,000 km². It is separated from the Subpolar Urals by the Khulga River. An active branch of the Northern Railway. Polar Ural

The Subpolar Urals is a mountain system in Russia, stretching from the headwaters of the Lyapin (Khulga) River in the north to Mount Telposiz ("The Nest of the Winds") (altitude about 1617 m) in the south. Subpolar Urals

Lakes of the Subpolar Urals Mountain lakes are mainly of the glacial type. 499 reservoirs are located at an altitude of 500 to 1000 m above sea level - the deepest (28 m) is Lake Torgovoe.

Lakes of the Subpolar Urals Above 1000 m there are only 68 lakes, and among them the deepest (38 m) is Lake Mansi. The water in the lakes is very clean, transparent, colorless, slightly mineralized.

The Northern Urals stretches from Kosvinsky Kamen to the banks of the Shchugor River. The Northern Urals The Northern Urals is one of the most remote and inaccessible regions of the Urals. Bear Corner - this is the name of one of its peaks.

The massifs of the Middle Urals are much lower, usually not higher than 600-800 m. There are relatively few lakes, but here are the sources of the Pechora and Ural rivers. Middle Ural

The name "South Ural" is also accepted as the unofficial name of the Chelyabinsk region. The Southern Ural is the widest southern part of the Ural Mountains. Southern Urals

Rivers Rivers belong to the basins of the Arctic Ocean: Pechora, Usa, Tobol, Iset, Tura, Lozva, Northern Sosva; and the Caspian Sea: Kama, Chusovaya, Belaya, Ural.

The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; rainfall is unevenly distributed. The climate is very diverse, as all zones possess. Ural climate

Fauna A couple of centuries ago animal world was richer than now. Plowing, hunting, deforestation have displaced and destroyed the habitats of many animals. Wild horses, saigas disappeared

bustard bustards

Herds of deer migrated deep into the tundra. But rodents (hamsters, field mice) spread on the plowed lands

Forests are inhabited by predators: brown bears, wolves, foxes, wolverines, sables, ermines, lynxes

Ungulates are found in them: roe deer, elk, deer

Countless treasures lie in the Ural mountains And the “Mistress of the Copper Mountain” guards them

The Mistress of the Copper Mountain lives in the underground halls of the Ural gems if she wants to - she will turn into a green lizard, she will cry - the emeralds are dripping.

Natural resources cobalt potash salt rock salt gold platinum gems forest resources asbestos zinc copper ores iron ores