Despite the state status of the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages \u200b\u200bon the territory of the Crimea, their functioning at the proper level, according to observers, remains in question. In this regard, the Vice-Speaker of the State Council of the Crimea Remmy Ilyasov proposed to take a law that guarantees the use of these languages \u200b\u200bon a par with Russians in various fields. However, its legislative initiative was negatively perceived by government representatives and individual experts. Politicians believe that the prospects for the adoption of this bill are unlikely.

At the end of February of this year, the Vice-Speaker of the State Council Remzi Ilyasovregistered the draft law "On the functioning of state languages \u200b\u200band other languages \u200b\u200bin the Republic of Crimea". The document, in particular, provides for the teaching and study of the Crimean Tatar, Russian and Ukrainian languages \u200b\u200bas the state languages \u200b\u200bof the Crimea, as well as the creation of conditions for studying and teaching other languages \u200b\u200bof peoples Russian Federationliving in the Crimea. All three languages, according to the draft law, are taught and studied in state and municipal educational organizationslocated on the territory of the republic.

In addition, the draft law is assumed to use the three state languages \u200b\u200bof the Crimea in the work of the organs of the Crimean power and local self-government. Citizens of the Russian Federation residing in the territory of the Crimea, which does not speak state languages, is given the right to perform at the meeting, meeting, meeting in government agencies, organizations, enterprises and in institutions in the language they own.

Also on the territory of Crimea, citizens have the right to apply to the authorities and local self-government, enterprises, institutions and organizations with proposals, statements and complaints in state languages \u200b\u200bor in other languages.

"Officials of government bodies of the Republic of Crimea, local governments, state enterprises, institutions and organizations are obliged to own the state language of the Russian Federation and one of the state languages \u200b\u200bof the Republic of Crimea in the amount necessary to fulfill their official duties, it says in one of the points of the draft law. - Heads of state-owned bodies and local governments create conditions for mastering employees with state-owned states in the amount necessary to fulfill their official duties. "

In the draft law proposed by Ilyasov, the responsibility is also prescribed in the event of a violation of the legislation of the Crimea of \u200b\u200blanguages.

As indicated in the explanatory note, the bill, given the historical features, lays out a "legal basis for the use and development of state languages \u200b\u200bin the Crimea, provides for creating required conditions For the study of state languages, as well as determines the basic principles of regulation and functioning of other languages \u200b\u200bin the field of state, economic and cultural life, on the basis of two fundamental norms of international law: all ethnic groups have the right to use their native language and culture; The right of ethnos for the preservation of its national and cultural identity. "

According to the author of the bill, its adoption will allow to resolve issues related to legislative support for the functioning of the state languages \u200b\u200bof the Crimea, and will also create additional conditions for the implementation of the constitutional guarantees of the rights of citizens to use the native language, free choice Language of education and training taking into account regional, national and ethnocultural characteristics of the republic.

"The bill does not correspond to the realities of the Crimea"

The first persons of the republic directly their opinion on the draft law proposed by Ilyasov, have not yet expressed. However, at a meeting with the teachers of the Crimean federal University (KFU) Head of State Council Vladimir Konstantinov, Discussing the need for a mandatory study of the Crimean Tatar language, stated that he opposes such an initiative. So Konstantinov responded to the proposal of Professor KFU, doctor of philological sciences Aidere Memetyov that Crimean Tatar language, as a state, is subject to compulsory education.

"From what makes me learn the Crimean Tatar, I will teach it the way I taught English - I don't remember anything since I was taught me. You can make learning, but the result can be completely reverse. Here it is necessary to find some completely different forms, "said Konstantinov.

Later Associate Professor KFU, member of the Commission on Education and Science, Youth and Sports of the Public Chamber of the Republic Victor Kharabuga It stated that the draft law on the functioning of the state language does not correspond to the realities of the Crimea.

According to him, the document made by Ilyasov for consideration of the State Council, "the legislation of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan" blindly copies. "We must understand the difference between the situation in these two republics and in the Crimea. Both of these republics are the national statehood of Bashkir and Tatars. The Republic of Crimea is not. Crimea is the territorial autonomy, the subject of the statehood of which is its entire multinational people. There is no indigenous people or an ethnos on the peninsula, which would have the right to create a national statehood here, "said Charabuga in the comments for the" Crimea of \u200b\u200bMedia ".

The Associate Professor of the Crimean Federal University believes that, in accordance with the constitutional provisions, Crimeans cannot impose a mandatory study of languages \u200b\u200bannounced by state in the Crimea. "These languages \u200b\u200bwill certainly have to function, to ensure the needs of their ethnic communities and have the support of the state. But they cannot be imposed by the state or a different person as mandatory for study, "he is convinced.

The priority in this situation, according to Charabuga, should be the "principle of voluntariness". "If a person wants to study some particular language or learn on it, such a right must be granted him that today it is successfully solved even in the absence of this language law," the expert believes.

L. Grac:Before you go to the judges, we pass exams in three languages

Policies surveyed by edition Crimea.realiaDoubt that the draft law proposed by Remi Ilyasov will be supported by the State Council. At the same time, they agree that the adoption of such a document would have a positive effect on the situation in the Crimea.

First Deputy Head of Majlis of Crimean Tatar People Nariman Jelly It believes that ideas that are laid in the bill should have been implemented even earlier. "Here you need to highlight two points: first, the fact that the Crimean Tatar language should have learned all schoolchildren, and by today we would have had a whole generation, or even one, young people who would know one of the languages \u200b\u200bon the elementary level. Crimea - in this case, the language of the indigenous people. And the fact that every Crimean Tatar may have the right and opportunity in all official institutions and authorities to apply, receive answers or produce some other actions using the native language, "said Jelly.

In his opinion, speculation that someone is difficult to learn the language is absolutely inappropriate, because no one requires that children of other nationalities study the language in deep professional level. "I, as a teacher in the past, I know that there are no difficulties for children with their open mind. They are learning anything that they are used that they are taught, "the first deputy head of Majlis added.

He also noted that for the development of tolerance in the Crimea, the study of the Crimean Tatar language would be extremely important. As for the prospects for the adoption of the draft law of Ilyasov, Jelly said as follows: "Given the statement of the head of parliament and court political scientists, I have very big doubts that the bill will be adopted in the form in which it is needed for the Crimea and crimean Tatars».

Also does not believe in the adoption of this draft law, the head of the Crimean Republican branch political party "Communists of Russia", ex-speaker of the parliament of autonomy Leonid Grac .

"Knowing the current leadership of the Crimea, his antitarian moods in terms of relations to all media, it is unlikely, these are people of the conjuncture," L. Grac said.

At the same time, according to the Communist, the adoption of such a bill in the Crimea is necessary: \u200b\u200b"The fact that Ilyasov offers, he seems to decipher the Constitution of the Crimea, in which the state status of three languages \u200b\u200bis prescribed."

"Anyone is the one who wants to see himself as an official, let it prepare for learning languages. I do not see any problems. So, too, it is impossible: to proclaim the equality of three languages, and then come to court, and the judge who does not know the Ukrainian, nor Crimean Tatar, will tell you that he has no translator. Before you go to the judges, we pass the exams in three languages, "said Leonid Grache.

He is not surprised by the reaction of Konstantinova on the initiative on the mandatory study of state languages: "This is not surprising, knowing the expressions that it applies, its illiteracy in Russian, not to mention that he will never master the Crimean Tatar or Ukrainian."

At the same time, in the initiative of Ilyasov, GRCH saw the desire of the vice-speaker to earn political points in the fight against their former companions on the Majlis.

Crimea. Realities

Shortly before the referendum, March 12, 2014, the "Crimean Information Agency" solemnly reported that "the state status will receive two languages \u200b\u200bin Crimea":

In Crimea, Russian and Crimean Tatar will receive state status. The first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers Ark Rustam Temirgaliev said today at a press conference in Simferopol.

According to him, after the general referendum, if the population vote for the entry into Russia, the Crimea will receive the status of the republic and will officially be state Education. "We will have the right to solve the Crimean Parliament to give the status of the state language with the main languages \u200b\u200bthat operate on the territory of the Crimea. Our languages \u200b\u200bwe will have the Russian language and Crimean Tatar. They will receive state status, "Vice Prime Minister said.

In addition, he stressed that power guarantees free use in the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe Ukrainian language.

A month after Annexia was held - and on April 11, 2014, a new constitution was adopted in the new entity of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Crimea.

Under the pressure of "self-defense" and officials, the director of the Ukrainian gymnasium in Simferopol resigned

And children in schools teach Ukrainian literature?

Court application can be submitted in Ukrainian or Crimean Tatar?

And the documents of the court receive in their native Move?

And the blank to tax pass on Crimean Tatar?

Blancs are generally duplicated in three languages? Well, let's say in the mail? Or receipts in banks, for housing and communal services, phone?

Tags, labels, signs in stores and offices are duplicated in three languages?

Menu in restaurants?

And the omnipresent signs "Login / Exit"?

Will the Crimean Tatarina sell a bus ticket, if he turns to the cashier in his native language at the box office?

Maybe at least bus timetables on bus stations are duplicated in three languages? And signs on public transport?

Maybe newspapers in Ukrainian come out? In Crimean Tatar, there are several publications - oh, what happiness !!

How many books for 2014 went out to the Crimea on the Ukrainian Move?

At least a new Constitution of Crimea and the Constitution of the Russian Federation published in Crimean Tatar?

Instructions for safety in enterprises on three state languages \u200b\u200bare available?

And certificates in government departments in three languages?

Television and radio have Ukrainian - well, at least several programs?

News Crimea and Russia can listen in Ukrainian? It turns out that it is possible - at the Crimean Tatar TV channel ATR. True, it is under threat of closing. But this is the usual practice. In Russia.

In 2012, the Ukrainian-Russian film "Haytarma" was published in Crimean Tatar and Russian on the eviction of the Crimean Tatars. In 2013, the film received several prestigious premiums in Ukraine and Russia.

Interestingly, in Yalta will now make films on the Ukrainian Move? For example, about how valiant local residents Under the protection of "green men" blocked Ukrainian military bases; How did Julius Mammchur led his unarmed part on the blow of automatic machines in Belbek? In the budget russian Crimea Finance for maintaining Ukrainian cinema is provided? - How it is recorded in the same Constitution of the Crimea:

3. The principle of cultures is recognized in the Republic of Crimea, their equal development and mutual enrichment is ensured. (Article 10)

4. In the Republic of Crimea, equal conditions are created and ensured to preserve and develop the cultures of the peoples living in it. (Article 37)

What a wonderful constitution now in the Crimea! - True?

And in cinemas, at least sometimes moving films in Ukrainian? Or maybe with subtitles in Crimean Tatar?

In Simferopol, there is a Crimatic Academician Muzichny Theater. Well, you are not huhry-muhry, but the most real Academic!

Oops! There is no theater.

No longer. :(

What happens to the Crimea now with "prosbyay"? Completely destroyed this swirl Crimean and Sevastopol b e.nestra's sucker, is it a coping of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists, or is it still a little longer?

And what's with Majlis?

Why did Chubarov's reftat and the Mustafa of Gemilev in the Crimea, are not allowed to go home? Afraid? Are they terrorists? Are they insidious and evil pests? Or are they phoshisades? Or (Oh, Allah!) Are they righteous?!

On December 31, Petro Poroshenko congratulated the people of Ukraine with the New Year - and said several phrases in Russian and Crimean Tatar. Really - pride and for Ukraine, and for the president.

Sad, of course, that for such a simple thing, the multinational Ukrainian people had to go through so much tests ...

Well, did anyone congratulated Crimean in the Crimea in the second and third state? Maybe Aksenov? or Konstantinov? Well, or maybe, a few words in Ukrainian said, wrote?

In general, whether all the officials of the Crimea know three state languages \u200b\u200band can answer these languages \u200b\u200bfor people's questions?

Lawyers will protect the Crimean Tatar in his native language? Or will the court need a translator? Who will hire this translator and whose account?

The website of the State Council of Crimea is made in just one language - guess from once, on what.

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

The list of these rhetorical issues and eloquent examples can be significantly expanded ...

So what three state languages \u200b\u200bin the Crimea can we talk about?

On paper - it is.

Encyclopedic YouTube.

1 / 4

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Language Composition of the population

In the republic, the Republic of Crimea in the Census 2014, the native language was called Russian, 81.68% of the population of the region or 1,502,972 people from 1,840 174 indicated their native language; Crimean Tatar language - 9.32% or 171 517 people; Tatar language - 4.33% or 79 638 people; Ukrainian language - 3.52% or 64 808 people; Armenian language - 0.29% or 5376 people; Azerbaijani language - 0.12% or 2239 people; Belarusian language - 0.09% or 1,700 people; Gypsy language - 0.09% or 1595 people; Turkish language - 0.06% or 1192 people; Moldavian language - 0.04% or 703 people; Greek - 0.02% or 434 people. By language proficiency in the 2014 census republic, they are allocated respectively: Russian language - 99.79% or 1,836,651 people out of 1,840 435 indicated languages, Ukrainian language - 22.36% or 411,445 people, English - 6.13 % or 112 871 people, Crimean Tatar language - 4.94% or 90,869 people, Tatar language - 2.75% or 50,680 people, Uzbek language - 1.66% or 30,521 people, German - 1.09% or 20,132 people, Turkish - 0.45% or 8305 people, French - 0.30% or 5529 people, Armenian - 0.27% or 4988 people, Belarusian language - 0.25% or 4620 people, Polish - 0.17% or 3112 people, Azerbaijani language - 0.13% or 2320 people, Tajik language - 0.10% or 1932 people, Italian - 0.10% or 1831 people, Spanish - 0.09% or 1726 people, Moldavian language - 0.09% or 1682 people, Greek - 0.07% or 1315 people, Georgian language - 0.07% or 1225 people, Gypsy - 0.06% or 1148 people Century, Arabic - 0.06% or 1092 people, Kazakh language - 0.06% or 1086 people, Bulgarian - 0.05% or 959 people.

According to the 2014 census among the Russians in the Republic of the Republic of Native, the Russian language was called 99.82%, Ukrainian - 0.14%. Among the Ukrainians, the Russian native language called 78.59%, Ukrainian - 21.35%. Among the Crimean Tatars, the native language of Crimean Tatar was called 74.18%, Tatar - 20.27%, Russian - 5.46%. Among the Tatars, Tatar was called 74.18%, Russian - 23.08%. Among the Belarusians the Russian native language was called 90.63%, Belarusian - 9.15%, Ukrainian - 0.20%. Among Armenians, the Armenian native language was called 55.21%, Russian - 44.38%. Among the caraims, the Russian native language called 93.17%, Karaites - 6.02%, Ukrainian - 0.60%. Among Krymchakov, the Russian native language was called 95.48%, Crimea - 3.39%, Tatar - 0.56%, Crimean Tatar - 0.56%.

According to the 2014 census among Russians in the Republic of the Republic of Russians own 99.89%, Ukrainian - 19.49%, German - 1.15%, Polish - 0.12, Tatar - 0.11%, etc. Among Ukrainians, Russians own 99.78%, Ukrainian - 44.57%, German - 1.22%, Polish - 0.37%, etc. Among the Crimean Tatars Russians own 99.55%, Crimean Tatar - 38.86%, Ukrainian - 13.63%, Tatar - 13.53%, Turkish - 2.14%, German - 0.53%, etc. Among Tatars, Russians own 99.69%, Tatar - 39.94%, Ukrainian - 9.17%, Turkish - 1.35%, Crimean Tatar - 1.01%, German - 0.43%, etc. Among the Belarusians, Russians own 99.91%, Ukrainian - 18.40%, Belarusian - 18.26%, German - 1.33%, Polish - 0.58%, etc. Among Armenians, Russians own 99.55%, Armenian - 46.08%, Ukrainian - 15.34%, Azerbaijani - 1.95%, German - 1.14%, Turkish - 0.52%, Tatar - 0.47% , Krymskotatar - 0.22%, etc.

Interpersepar dynamics 1989-2014

Dynamics language Makeup Crimea (with Sevastopol) in 1989, 2001 and 2014

Census 2001.

The main languages \u200b\u200bof the Crimean Peninsula in the 2001 census

Native language	total	Share,%	Share,%
total	2401209	100,00%
russian	1890960	78,75%	79,11%
crimeskotatar	230237	9,59%	9,63%
ukrainian	228250	9,51%	9,55%
tatar	8880	0,37%	0,37%
belorussian	5864	0,24%	0,25%
armenian	5136	0,21%	0,21%
moldavian	1460	0,06%	0,06%
gypsy	1305	0,05%	0,05%
greek	689	0,03%	0,03%
others	16061	0,67%	0,67%
specified	2390319	99,55%	100,00%
did not specify	10890	0,45%	0,46%

Languages \u200b\u200bof the Republic of Crimea in the administrative-territorial context of the 2001 census

Name aTD units	Russian language	Ukrainian language	Crimean tatar language	Belorussian language	Armenian language
Simferopol City Council	85,82	6,35	6,47	0,12	0,32
Alushta City Council	83,68	9,67	5,58	0,19	0,22
Armenian Gorovovet	78,52	16,90	2,91	0,18	0,12
city \u200b\u200bof janka	83,14	7,60	7,13	0,18	0,11
Evpatoria Gorovovet	83,69	8,73	6,42	0,18	0,27
kerch city	91,34	5,27	0,81	0,18	0,14
city of Krasnoperekopsk	79,62	16,48	2,63	0,20	0,13
saki city	84,26	8,87	5,27	0,27	0,36
Sudak City Council	71,45	8,42	17,31	0,23	0,33
Feodosia Gorovovet	87,32	7,35	4,23	0,31	0,29
Yalta Gorovovet	86,79	10,12	1,12	0,20	0,28
Bakhchisarai district	69,30	8,21	20,11	0,26	0,10
Belogorsky district	60,43	7,92	28,92	0,20	0,19
Janka district	62,04	15,84	20,44	0,33	0,16
Kirovsky district	64,18	8,38	23,96	0,47	0,19
Krasnogvardeysky district	69,42	11,94	15,43	0,40	0,22
Krasnoperekopsky district	53,26	26,78	15,53	0,35	0,11
Leninsky district	79,39	10,57	14,80	0,39	0,24
Nizhnegorsky district	72,72	10,47	15,21	0,31	0,06
Pervomaisky district	58,44	19,27	19,87	0,45	0,13
Razzolnensky district	63,97	20,84	12,64	0,35	0,49
Saksky district	64,48	16,91	16,48	0,54	0,28
Simferopol district	66,95	9,62	21,42	0,27	0,29
Soviet area	64,37	10,38	21,16	0,31	0,07
Chernomorsky district	70,94	14,81	11,93	0,27	0,25
republic of Crimea Total:	76,55	10,02	11,33	0,26	0,23

Census 1979.

Census 1897.

Native language	Number	Share
tatar	194 294	35,55 %
great Russian	180 963	33,11 %
malorussian	64 703	11,84 %
german	31 590	5,78 %
jewish	24 168	4,42 %
greek	17 114	3,13 %
armenian	8 317	1,52 %
bulgarian	7 450	1,36 %
polish	6 929	1,27 %
estonian	2 176	0,40 %
belorussian	2 058	0,38 %
turkish	1 787	0,33 %
czech	1 174	0,21 %
italian	948	0,17 %
gypsy	944	0,17 %
others	1977	0,36 %
Total	546 592	100,00 %

History

In the past, in different periods of the History of the Crimea, other languages \u200b\u200b(Greek, Italian, Armenian, Turkish-Ottoman language) were played on its territory.

Presumably, in the territory of Crimea, the most ancient of now known languages \u200b\u200bwas Kimmerisk. Kimmerians on the peninsula pushed the Scythians. However, between 280-260. BC e. And the Scythians themselves were forced to hide in the Crimea from the invasion of Sarmatov. During this period, the traditional separation of the Crimea for coastal greek-speaking regions and internal steppe zones, which in their composition included tavroskiphyphia and where to the middle of the III century. n. e. The Scythian dominated. Then, the goths were invaded in the inner steppe Crimea, which were mostly in the foothills of the Crimean Mountains, where Crimean-Gothic language was preserved until the XVIII century. Greek language was preserved as native language Greeks, and also used as a second language by many inhabitants of the peninsula until the end of the 20th century. The gradual turkization of the peninsula began after the Mongol-Tatar invasions of the XIII century. By the end of the 15th century, Turkic-speaking in the foothill Crimea, including the Principality of Feodoro. Only in the South Coast regions continued to use predominantly Greek, Italian and Armenian languages. By the end of the 18th century, Turkic speech spread throughout: even the remains of the Christian population of the peninsula were switched to Crimean Tatar. However, Crimean Tatar language, the heterogeneous Turkic dialects of the peninsula during this period could be called very conditionally, as they were addressed to different typological subgroups.

As part of Ukraine

As part of Independent Ukraine (1995-2014), the main three languages \u200b\u200b(Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar) were used in the education system and office work, although in unequal volumes. For example, we were spent on the Crimean District in the Verkhovna Rada for the first time only in 2012, after the adoption of the Law on Regional Languages. In the conditions of independent Ukraine, there has been a tendency to gradually push the Russian language from the official written sphere in the republic with a parallel command-administrative introduction of the Ukrainian language into the education and office management system.

Language policy in Ukraine

Ukrainianization system of school education

The issue of introducing on the Peninsula of the Ukrainian language in Soviet institutions, schools, press, radio, etc. was first raised almost immediately after the transfer of the Crimean of the Ukrainian SSR. Made it on the Crimean Regional Party Conference on March 10, Sushchenko delegate. Ukrainization of 1995-2014 has reached the greatest success in the School Education School of the Republic of Crimea. The initiator of the more intensive Ukrainization of the schools of Crimea was Ivan Vakarchuk. Given the almost total Ukrainization of the education system in Kiev, the demand for Ukrainian-language education in AR increased, ahead of the proposal. The reason for this was the desire of Crimeans to continue training in Kiev or other Ukrainized or actively Ukrainized universities of Ukraine. In 2010/11 academic year In general educational institutions, Ar Crimea studied 167,677 students, from them mainly in Russian - 148 452 (88.5%), in the Ukrainian language - 13,609 (8.1%), 5 399 (3.2 %) human . At the peak of Ukrainization, in 2011/12 academic year, 8.1% of schoolchildren of the republic received the entire school education program in the Ukrainian language, which roughly corresponded to the proportion of native Ukrainian (10%). K 2012/2013 This share decreased by 0.5%. . At the same time, Ukrainian-speaking items were actively introduced into formally Russian-speaking schools, which actually turned them into bilingual, with gradually decreasing predominance of the Russian language. But the forced Ukrainization of the late 2000s caused both the protests of the Russian-speaking population, as well as the resistance of the republican organs of VASTI. In turn, on December 13, 2008, the Minister of Education Ivan Vakarchuk collapsed with criticism of the Universities of Crimea and Minister of Education of the Crimea Valery Lavrov for the fact that only 5% of disciplines in the Crimean universities were taught in Ukrainian. A feature of Ukrainization of the Education system of the Crimea was its urbanized character: there were no one in the countryside of the Crimean Peninsula educational institution with the Ukrainian language of teaching.

Languages \u200b\u200blearning in school

In the 2012/2013 academic year in secondary schools, Crimea (without students special schools (boarding schools) and special classes organized at secondary schools) 89.32% of students were educated in Russian, 7.41% - in Ukrainian, 3.11% in Crimean Tatar, in addition to 0.15% on the english language . In 2014/2015 academic year, according to the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Crimea, there was a reduction in the number of students in Crimean District from 5,406 to 4,740 people, and the number of students in Ukrainian declined especially sharply - from 12,867 to 1,990 people. There are 15 schools with the Crimean Tatar language (2,814 students). In addition, in 62 schools of the republic, there are classes with the Crimean Tatar language of learning, 1,926 students are trained in them. Ukrainian language is studied as a subject in 142 classes; Classes with education in Ukrainian, for autumn 2014, there are in 20 schools, and there are no schools with education only in Ukrainian.

Languages \u200b\u200bof training in secondary schools of the Republic of Crimea
(according to the data for 2012/2013 academic year)

Name aTD units	Total students	Russian language	Ukrainian language	Crimean tatar language	English language	Russian language,	Ukrainian language,	Crimean tatar language,	English language,
Simferopol City Council	35402	31141	3512	749	-	87,96	9,92	2,12	-
Alushta City Council	4182	3933	239	10	-	94,05	5,71	0,24	-
Armenian Gorovovet	2347	2056	291	-	-	87,60	12,40	-	-
city \u200b\u200bof janka	4086	3796	280	10	-	92,90	6,85	0,25	-
Evpatoria Gorovovet	9683	8760	597	326	-	90,47	6,17	3,36	-
kerch city	9966	9541	425	-	-	95,74	4,26	-	-
city of Krasnoperekopsk	2829	2541	288	-	-	89,82	10,18	-	-
saki city	2708	2420	288	-	-	89,36	10,64	-	-
Sudak City Council	3174	2702	133	339	-	85,13	4,19	10,68	-
Feodosia Gorovovet	8510	7954	445	111	-	93,47	5,23	1,30	-
Yalta Gorovovet	10018	9594	424	-	-	95,77	4,23	-	-
Bakhchisarai district	8309	7455	227	627	-	89,72	2,73	7,55	-
Belogorsky district	6205	5008	468	729	-	80,71	7,54	11,75	-
Janka district	6909	5599	891	419	-	81,04	12,90	6,06	-
Kirovsky district	5409	4538	379	492	-	83,90	7,01	9,09	-
Krasnogvardeysky district	7903	6815	821	267	-	86,23	10,39	3,38	-
Krasnoperekopsky district	2630	2274	350	6	-	86,46	13,31	0,23	-
Leninsky district	4997	4368	601	28	-	87,41	12,03	0,56	-
Nizhnegorsky district	4792	4352	345	95	-	90,82	7,20	1,98	-
Pervomaisky district	2940	2788	71	81	-	94,83	2,41	2,76	-
Razzolnensky district	3131	2936	172	23	-	93,77	5,49	0,74	-
Saksky district	6471	5970	380	121	-	92,26	5,87	1,87	-
Simferopol district	12252	10962	654	636	-	89,47	5,34	5,19	-
Soviet area	3362	2901	124	337	-	86,29	3,69	10,02	-
Chernomorsky district	3197	2854	343	-	-	89,27	10,73	-	-
educational establishments republican submission	2197	1813	119	-	265	82,52	5,42	-	12,06
republic of Crimea Total:	173609	155071	12867	5406	265	89,32	7,41	3,11	0,15

Russian language in the Crimea

The language picture of the Crimean Peninsula is characterized by the predominance of Russian-speaking. According to the 2001 census, among the native languages, except Russian (77.0%), Crimean Tatar (11.4%) and Ukrainian (10.1%) languages \u200b\u200bwere also considered noticeable. During the period of stay in Ukraine, the disproportion between nationality and the language of use (native language) was characterized, as well as their use in the education system and office work. During this period there was a tendency to the gradual pushing of the Russian language from the official written sphere in the republic with a parallel command-administrative introduction of the Ukrainian language into the education and office management system. Although, according to a survey conducted in 2004 by Kiev international Institute Sociology (KMIS), the Russian language uses an absolute majority to communicate - 97% of the total population of Crimea.

After 2006, a number of local city councils proclaimed Russian regional. However, these solutions often worked a declarative character and / or pumped into fierce resistance. kiev authoritiescontinuing to pursue politics of Ukrainization, especially in the field of education and film distribution. It is noteworthy that the Crimean Rada never considered the application of the 2012 Regional Languages \u200b\u200bAct, saying that he did not add anything new to the existing provisions of the Constitution.

After the entry of the Crimea, the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea adopted in April 2014, in the new subject of the Russian Federation, 3 state languages \u200b\u200bwere proclaimed: Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar.

Following the census of the population in the Crimean Federal District of 2014, the absolute majority of the population of the peninsula native language called

Especially for Crimea. Raalia

Over the years of the Russian occupation, the number of children who study Ukrainian in the Crimea decreased in tens of times. But the Russian authorities do not see the problems in this, explaining such a situation only by a decrease in the interest of Crimeans to one of the state languages \u200b\u200bof the peninsula.

The head of the Gos Committee of the State Committee for Interethnic Relations and Deportated Citizens Zaur Smirnov On September 19, 2017, at a press conference in Simferopol, he did not oppress the Ukrainian language in the Crimea. "We are all well understand that there is no oppression of the Ukrainian language. We all know why the interest in it has decreased - because it used to be planted. There are no oppression from the authority. Just Ukrainian language in the Crimea will have to start first, "he stressed.

How can we talk about the "planting" of the Ukrainian language, if only 8 schools acted on the entire peninsula with teaching in Ukrainian?

However, the occupation authorities once again turn everything from the legs. How can we talk about the "planting" of the Ukrainian language in the Crimean schools, if only 8 schools acted on the entire peninsula with teaching in Ukrainian? If from 209,986 students (as of September 1, 2013), only 13,688 children were studied in the Ukrainian language (6.5%). With such a "planting", the number of classes with the Russian language learning exceeded the number of classes with the Ukrainian language 9 times (7731 versus 829).

True, the Ukrainian language was obligatory for all school students, starting from grade 1. But he was studied only as a subject, while in the absolute majority of schools Crimea, the teaching was carried out in Russian. In addition, Russian as a subject was studied 206,866 children (99.2%), Crimean Tatar - 18,020 students (8.6%).

At the same time, on the entire peninsula (including Sevastopol), only 8 schools with the Ukrainian language of study and 15 were functioning with the Crimean Tatar. In Russian, they were taught in 414 schools of Crimea (66% of total Crimean schools).

One of the state languages \u200b\u200bof the peninsula in fact was in the Crimea in the position of the zoom

According to the data under control of Russia, the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of the Crimea, on September 1, 2016, 192.3 thousand children were studied on the territory of Ar Crimea. Of these, the secondary education in the Ukrainian language received only 371 children (0.2%). Thus, in three years of the Russian government, the number of children students in Ukrainian has decreased by 37 times, the number of schools, where teaching is conducted in Ukrainian, decreased 8 times (from 8 to 1), and the number of Ukrainian classes in the Crimea fell almost almost 30 times (from 829 - in 2013 to 28 - in 2016). Add to this almost one hundred percent training in Russian in the special and higher education And we get a real picture, which completely refutes the words of the occupation authorities in the Crimea. But after the annexation of the Crimea, one of the state languages \u200b\u200bof the peninsula, which the occupation authorities themselves recognized themselves, in fact, turned out to be in the Crimea in the position of the zoom.

Russian authorities, leading such numbers, say that Crimeans do not want to learn the Ukrainian language. However, this is not the case - school administrations under various pretexts (a large load, lack of teachers, premises, etc.) refuse to children in the study of the Ukrainian language even as objects, not to mention the opening of Ukrainian classes.

The only thing that still allow is to study the language is optional, which is 10,892 children (6.7%). But if these children are ready to spend their free time for additional classes, it is quite obvious that they would love to teach the Ukrainian language in lessons. But the authorities of the Crimean the authorities of the Crimea deprived them of this opportunity.

The authorities of the Crimea are trying to reduce the amount of Ukrainian to complicate children the process of receipt of the universities in mainland Ukraine

It is possible that one of the reasons why the Russian authorities in the Crimea strongly limit the study of the Ukrainian language, the expansion of Ukraine has increased opportunities for applicants from the peninsula. In 2017, Kiev for the Crimean 2604 budget places in different universities of the country. And although the final results of the introductory campaign relative to the Crimeans received in universities of mainland Ukraine were not yet listed, but even the preliminary talk about let the small, but the increase in students from the Crimea in Ukrainian universities.

At the same time, the Crimean universities are about non-ban on budget places, which is quite obvious - young people understand the entire impactivity of training on the peninsula, preferring to travel either to the mainland Ukraine or to neighboring Russia. Therefore, the Russian authorities of the Crimea are trying by any ways to reduce the amount of Ukrainian to further complicate the children's process of receipt of the universities in mainland Ukraine.

As a result, a paradoxical situation is developing on the peninsula - the study of the language of the second largest nation of the Crimea is reduced to almost zero. The Ukrainian language itself has not yet come under the full ban, but the taboo of all Ukrainian makes even his study case if not dangerous, then extremely undesirable.

Evgenia Goriunova, crimean political scientist

The views expressed in the "Opinion" heading transmit the point of view of the authors themselves and do not always reflect the position of the editorial board

In March 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopted a declaration of independence, and at a very later referendum, most of his participants voted for joining Russia. After the entry of the republic, the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar was officially proclaimed by the state languages \u200b\u200bof Crimea.

Some statistics and facts

• The Greek and Italian, Armenian and Turkish-Ottoman languages \u200b\u200bplayed a prominent role in the territory of the peninsula in different periods of history.
• Almost 84% of the inhabitants of Crimea during the 2014 census native language called Russian.
• Krymskotatar prefers 7.9%, Tatar - 3.7%, and Ukrainian - only 3.3% of the republic's inhabitants.
• The survey showed that almost 80% of Ukrainians living in the Crimea consider native Russian.

Russian and Russians

Russian language in the Crimea is the main majority of the inhabitants of the peninsula. This trend has developed in the middle of the XIX century, and since then, Russian in the Crimea has a long and difficult story. He lost the position of the state in 1998, when only Ukrainian was enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine as the only state language of Crimea. The language problem was one of many who caused the desire for the residents of the Republic to hold a referendum on entering Russia.

Modern realities

Today in the Crimea in equal rights there are three languages, which is guaranteed the opportunity to choose training at school on one of them. For tourists from other regions of Russia in Crimea, favorable and comfortable conditions For rest - menu in restaurants, price tags in stores and street and road signs are made in Russian.
Hotel service personnel speak Russian and Ukrainian, sightseeing excursions and commemorative places can also be ordered at any of the state languages \u200b\u200bof Crimea.