Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 4

✪ 10 reasons why I hate Crimea

✪ Interesting territory: Crimea (part 1)

✪ 10 reasons why I love Crimea

✪ English camp Jey Camp with native speakers: Sochi, Krasnaya Polyana and Crimea

Linguistic composition of the population

In the Republic of Crimea itself, according to the 2014 census, Russian was named as their native language by 81.68% of the population of the region, or 1,502,972 people out of 1,840,174 who indicated native language; Crimean Tatar language -  9.32% or 171,517 people; Tatar language - 4.33% or 79,638 people; Ukrainian language - 3.52% or 64,808 people; Armenian language - 0.29% or 5376 people; Azerbaijani language - 0.12% or 2239 people; Belarusian language - 0.09% or 1700 people; gypsy language - 0.09% or 1595 people; Turkish language - 0.06% or 1192 people; Moldovan language - 0.04% or 703 people; Greek - 0.02% or 434 people. In terms of language proficiency in the republic, according to the 2014 census, they stand out respectively: Russian - 99.79% or 1,836,651 people out of 1,840,435 who indicated language proficiency, Ukrainian - 22.36% or 411,445 people, English - 6.13 % or 112,871 people, Crimean Tatar language - 4.94% or 90,869 people, Tatar language - 2.75% or 50,680 people, Uzbek language - 1.66% or 30,521 people, German language - 1.09% or 20,132 people, Turkish - 0.45% or 8305 people, French - 0.30% or 5529 people, Armenian - 0.27% or 4988 people, Belarusian - 0.25% or 4620 people, Polish - 0.17% or 3112 people, Azerbaijani - 0.13% or 2320 people, Tajik - 0.10% or 1932 people, Italian - 0.10% or 1831 people, Spanish - 0.09% or 1726 people, Moldovan language - 0.09% or 1682 people, Greek language - 0.07% or 1315 people, Georgian language - 0.07% or 1225 people, Romani language - 0.06% or 1148 people century, Arabic - 0.06% or 1092 people, Kazakh - 0.06% or 1086 people, Bulgarian - 0.05% or 959 people.

According to the 2014 census, among Russians in the republic, 99.82% called Russian their native language, and 0.14% Ukrainian - 0.14%. Among Ukrainians, 78.59% said Russian was their native language, and 21.35% said Ukrainian. Among the Crimean Tatars, 74.18% named Crimean Tatar as their native language, 20.27% - Tatar, and 5.46% - Russian. Among the Tatars, 74.18% called Tatar their native language, and 23.08% Russian - 23.08%. Among Belarusians, 90.63% called Russian their native language, 9.15% - Belarusian, and 0.20% - Ukrainian. Among Armenians, 55.21% called Armenian their native language, 44.38% - Russian. Among the Karaites, 93.17% called Russian their native language, 6.02% - Karaites, and 0.60% - Ukrainian. Among the Krymchaks, 95.48% called Russian their native language, 3.39% - Krymchak, 0.56% - Tatar, and 0.56% - Crimean Tatar.

According to the 2014 census, among Russians in the republic, 99.89% speak Russian, 19.49% speak Ukrainian, 1.15% German, 0.12% Polish, 0.11% Tatar, etc. Among Ukrainians, 99.78% speak Russian, 44.57% speak Ukrainian, 1.22% speak German, 0.37% speak Polish, etc. Among the Crimean Tatars, 99.55% speak Russian, 38.86% speak Crimean Tatar, 13.63% Ukrainian, 13.53% Tatar, 2.14% Turkish, 0.53% German, etc. Among the Tatars, 99.69% speak Russian, 39.94% - Tatar, 9.17% - Ukrainian, 1.35% - Turkish, 1.01% - Crimean Tatar, 0.43% - German, etc. Among Belarusians, 99.91% speak Russian, 18.40% - Ukrainian, 18.26% - Belarusian, 1.33% - German, 0.58% - Polish, etc. Among Armenians, 99.55% speak Russian, 46.08% Armenian, 15.34% Ukrainian, 1.95% Azerbaijani, 1.14% German, 0.52% Turkish, and 0.47% Tatar. , Crimean Tatar - 0.22%, etc.

Intercensal dynamics 1989-2014

Dynamics of the linguistic composition of Crimea (with Sevastopol) in 1989, 2001 and 2014

Census 2001

The main languages ​​of the Crimean peninsula according to the 2001 census

Census 1979

Census 1897

Story

In the past, in different periods of the history of Crimea, other languages ​​played a significant role on its territory (Greek, Italian, Armenian, Turkish-Ottoman language).

Presumably, on the territory of the Crimea, the oldest of the present known languages, was Cimmerian. The Cimmerians were driven back to the peninsula by the Scythians. However, between 280-260 years. BC e. and the Scythians themselves were forced to take refuge in the Crimea from the invasion of the Sarmatians. During this period, the traditional division of Crimea into coastal Greek-speaking regions and internal steppe zones took shape, which were included in its composition by Taurus Scythia and where, until the middle of the 3rd century. n. e. the Scythian language dominated. Then the Goths invaded the inner steppe Crimea, settling mainly in the foothills of the Crimean mountains, where the Crimean-Gothic language persisted until the 18th century. At the same time, Greek was preserved as the native language of the Greeks, and was also used as a second language by many inhabitants of the peninsula until the end of the 17th century. The gradual Turkification of the peninsula began after the Mongol-Tatar invasions of the 13th century. By the end of the 15th century, Turkic-speaking had also spread in the foothills of the Crimea, including the Principality of Theodoro. Only in the southern coastal regions did Greek, Italian and Armenian continue to be used predominantly. By the end of the 18th century, Turkic speech had spread everywhere: even the remnants of the Christian population of the peninsula switched to the Crimean Tatar language. However, the heterogeneous Turkic dialects of the peninsula during this period could be called the Crimean Tatar language very conditionally, since they belonged to different typological subgroups.

As part of Ukraine

As part of independent Ukraine (1995-2014), the main three languages ​​(Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar) were used in the education system and office work, although in unequal volumes. For example, a speech in the Crimean Tatar language in the Verkhovna Rada was first heard only in 2012, after the adoption of the law on regional languages. Under the conditions of independent Ukraine, there has been a tendency towards the gradual displacement of the Russian language from the official written sphere in the republic, with a parallel command and administrative introduction of the Ukrainian language into the education and office work system.

Language policy within Ukraine

Ukrainization of the school education system

The issue of introducing the Ukrainian language on the peninsula in Soviet institutions, schools, the press, radio, etc. was first raised almost immediately after the transfer of Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR. This was done at the Crimean Regional Party Conference on March 10 by delegate Sushchenko. The Ukrainization of 1995-2014 achieved the greatest success in the system of school education of the Republic of Crimea. The initiator of more intensive Ukrainization of Crimean schools was Ivan Vakarchuk. Given the almost total Ukrainization of the education system in Kyiv, the demand for Ukrainian-language education in the AR increased, outpacing supply. The reason for this was the desire of the Crimeans to continue their education in Kyiv or other Ukrainianized or actively Ukrainianized universities in Ukraine. In 2010/11 academic year 167,677 students studied in general educational institutions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, of which 148,452 (88.5%) were predominantly in Russian, 13,609 (8.1%) in Ukrainian, 5,399 (3.2%) received education in Crimean Tatar %) Human . At the peak of Ukrainization, in the 2011/12 academic year, 8.1% of schoolchildren in the republic received the entire school education program in Ukrainian, which approximately corresponded to the proportion of those who consider Ukrainian as their mother tongue (10%). By 2012/2013, this share has decreased by 0.5%. . At the same time, Ukrainian-language subjects were actively introduced into formally Russian-speaking schools, which actually turned them into bilingual ones, with a gradually decreasing predominance of the Russian language. But the forced Ukrainization of the late 2000s also caused protests by the Russian-speaking population, as well as resistance from the republican authorities of the Vasti. In turn, on December 13, 2008, Minister of Education Ivan Vakarchuk criticized the universities of Crimea and the Minister of Education of Crimea Valery Lavrov for the fact that only 5% of disciplines in Crimean universities were taught in Ukrainian. A feature of the Ukrainization of the education system of Crimea was its urbanized nature: in the rural areas of the Crimean peninsula there was not a single educational institution with Ukrainian as the language of instruction.

Languages ​​of instruction at school

In the 2012/2013 academic year in secondary schools of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (without students special schools(boarding schools) and special classes organized at secondary schools) 89.32% of students received education in Russian, 7.41% - in Ukrainian, 3.11% in the Crimean Tatar language, in addition 0.15% received education on the English language. In the 2014/2015 academic year, according to the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of Crimea, there was a decrease in the number of students in the Crimean Tatar language from 5,406 to 4,740 people, and the number of students in the Ukrainian language decreased especially sharply - from 12,867 to 1,990 people. There are 15 schools in the republic with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction (2,814 students). In addition, 62 schools of the republic have classes with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction, 1,926 students study in them. The Ukrainian language is studied as a subject in 142 classes; classes with education in Ukrainian, for the fall of 2014, there are 20 schools, and there are no schools with education only in Ukrainian.

Russian language in Crimea

The linguistic picture of the Crimean peninsula is characterized by the predominance of the Russian language. According to the 2001 census, among the native languages, in addition to Russian (77.0%), Crimean Tatar (11.4%) and Ukrainian (10.1%) languages ​​were also noticeably present. During the period of being a part of Ukraine, there was a characteristic disproportion between nationality and the language of use (native language), as well as their use in the education system and office work. During this period, there was a tendency for the gradual displacement of the Russian language from the official written sphere in the republic, with a parallel command-and-administrative introduction of the Ukrainian language into the education and office work system. Although, according to a survey conducted in 2004 by the Kyiv international institution sociology (KIIS), the Russian language is used for communication by the absolute majority - 97% of the total population of Crimea.

After 2006, a number of local city councils declared Russian as a regional language. However, these decisions were often declarative and/or met with fierce resistance. Kyiv authorities who continue to pursue a policy of Ukrainization, especially in the field of education and film distribution. It is noteworthy that the Crimean Rada did not consider the application of the law on regional languages ​​of 2012, saying that it did not add anything new to the already existing provisions of the Constitution.

After the entry of Crimea into the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea adopted in April 2014, 3 state languages ​​were proclaimed in the new subject of the Russian Federation: Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar.

According to the results of the census of the population in Crimean federal district 2014 , the absolute majority of the population of the peninsula called

In March 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopted a declaration of independence, and at a later referendum, the majority of its participants voted in favor of joining Russia. After the republic became part of Russia, Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar were officially proclaimed the state languages ​​of Crimea.

Some statistics and facts

• Greek and Italian, Armenian and Turkish-Ottoman languages ​​played a significant role on the territory of the peninsula in different periods of history.
• Almost 84% of the inhabitants of Crimea during the 2014 census called Russian their native language.
• 7.9% prefer Crimean Tatar in communication, 3.7% prefer Tatar, and only 3.3% Ukrainian - only 3.3%.
• The survey showed that almost 80% of Ukrainians living in Crimea consider Russian as their native language.

Russian and Russians

The Russian language in Crimea is the main language for the vast majority of the inhabitants of the peninsula. This trend took shape in the middle of the 19th century, and since then, Russian in Crimea has had a long and complicated history. It lost its position as the state language in 1998, when only Ukrainian was enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine as the only state language of Crimea. The language problem was one of many that aroused the desire of the inhabitants of the republic to hold a referendum on joining Russia.

Modern realities

Today in Crimea there are three languages ​​on an equal footing, which is guaranteed by the opportunity to choose to study at school in one of them. Favorable and favorable conditions have been created for tourists from other regions of Russia in Crimea comfortable conditions for recreation - menus in restaurants, price tags in shops and street and road signs are made in Russian.
The hotel staff speaks Russian and Ukrainian, excursions to sights and memorable places can also be ordered in any of the official languages ​​of Crimea.

15:10 - REGNUM

In Crimean schools, the number of children who have chosen Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages ​​for education is decreasing. If in the 2012-2013 academic year 10.5% of schoolchildren studied in the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages, then in 2015-2016 - a little more than 3%, the correspondent reports. IA REGNUM.

According to the Ukrainian State Statistics Service, in the 2012-2013 academic year in the secondary schools of Crimea (excluding students from boarding schools and special classes organized at general education schools), 89.32% of students received education in Russian, 7.41% - in Ukrainian, 3.11% in Crimean Tatar, and 0.15% were taught in English. At the same time, the Ukrainian department does not disclose real numbers.

According to the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of the Republic of Crimea, in the 2013-2014 academic year ( Last year education in Crimean schools school curriculum Ukrainian Ministry of Education) in the Crimean Tatar language, 5,500 schoolchildren studied on the peninsula, in 2015 - 4,835 people. At the beginning of the 2015-2016 academic year, the ministry called the figure - 5083 children (2.76% of Crimean schoolchildren). “Compared to the last academic year (2014-2015), the number of students in classes with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction has increased by 188 people,” the ministry said in September 2015.

Ukrainian was the language of instruction in 2013-2014 for 12.6 thousand children in Crimea. In 2015, only 894 children studied there, which was 0.5% of the total number of students in the republic. In September 2015, the ministry quoted a figure of 949 students at the start of the school year.

The Ministry of Education of the Republic recalled that the choice of the language of instruction is the right of parents, and if they use this right, then schools are looking for an opportunity to meet the demand. “In the Republic of Crimea, in accordance with the law on education, parents themselves determine the language of instruction for their children, that is, they must write a statement stating what language the child should be taught in,” the department noted. “Now parents are writing such statements, and the full data on the number of students and schools where Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages ​​are the languages ​​of instruction will be processed by the Ministry of Education of the Republic after the start of the school year, in September,” the press service reports.

Fluctuations in the popularity of the Crimean Tatar language among schoolchildren are difficult to explain. “Perhaps parents simply do not know that they have the right to come and write an application for the education of the child in their native language,” the ministry suggests. The Ukrainian language in the republic has simply lost its relevance: the Ukrainian military left Crimea with their families, the Ukrainian language is no longer required for Crimean applicants to enter Ukrainian universities, since there is no longer a need to enter there. In addition, Ukrainian is the only state language in Ukraine; all paperwork and even instructions for medicines in pharmacies are in it; until 2014, Crimean children were forced to learn it.

Recall that now there are three official languages ​​in Crimea: Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar. The Crimean Ministry of Education assures that textbooks and manuals for all three languages enough.

Modern geopolitical processes associated with Crimea arouse increased interest of researchers, first of all, in the political and international legal component of the problem. No less relevant in this context are socio-humanitarian issues related to linguistic and educational processes on the peninsula. Crimean ethno-linguistic history, which had its tragic pages, present stage once again exposed the complex facets of its problems, which cannot be considered in isolation from the history of its indigenous people.

Unlike other repressed peoples, who were returned in an organized manner and restored in their rights by the Soviet state in 1957-1958, the Crimean Tatars had to seek the restoration of their rights until the collapse of the USSR. The process of independent return of the Crimean Tatar people and its settlement on historical homeland still ongoing (2017). Complex problems of a political, legal and socio-economic nature remain unresolved. Legislative and normative acts adopted by the state (the USSR and its legal successors) are not fully implemented.

To determine the ways to solve existing problems, a comparative historical, systematic, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the processes in the field of education that have taken place over the past decades, as well as a scientific understanding of the current state, is necessary. Based on the foregoing, the functioning of the state languages ​​in the education system of Crimea, their legislative support as a subject of research is of considerable interest.

Shortly before the collapse Soviet Union On November 14, 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted the Declaration "On the Recognition as Illegal and Criminal of Repressive Acts against Peoples Subjected to Forcible Resettlement and on Ensuring Their Rights." The “State Commission on the Problems of the Crimean Tatar People” created by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR developed “Conclusions and Proposals of the Commission of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the Problems of the Crimean Tatar People”. The conclusions and proposals were adopted unanimously on November 28, 1989 by the Decree of the USSR Supreme Council "On the conclusions and proposals of the Commissions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the problems of Soviet Germans and the Crimean Tatar people." The fourth paragraph of this resolution read: “The restoration of the rights of the Crimean Tatar people cannot be carried out without the restoration of the autonomy of the Crimea through the formation of the Crimean ASSR as part of the Ukrainian SSR. This would be in the interests of both the Crimean Tatars and representatives of other nationalities now living in Crimea.” On February 12, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR adopts the law "On the restoration of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”, which consisted of two articles. The first article restored the Crimean ASSR within the territory of the Crimean region. The second article transformed the regional authorities into republican ones. The Constitution of the Crimean ASSR approved three state languages: Crimean Tatar, Russian, Ukrainian, but soon after its abolition in 1995, the new edition of the state status of the Crimean Tatar language was abolished.

In a short time, by the mid-1990s, more than 250,000 Crimean Tatars returned to the peninsula on their own. Mass repatriation actualized the problem of restoring the education system in the native language, which was completely eliminated after the total eviction on ethnic grounds in May 1944. The solution of issues in this area was complicated by the fact that in the territory of the Crimean a system of ethnic segregation (a ban on living, working, learning one's native language, receiving higher education etc.).

In the most difficult situation during this period, the Crimean Tatar language turned out to be, which did not have an official status, was for a long time (since 1944) under the conditions of linguocide, excluded from the register of the languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR, lost many of its functions and areas of application, and actually found itself on the verge of extinction.

Since the 90s of the last century, the process of revival of education in the Crimean Tatar language has begun, a network of schools with the native language of instruction has been formed. Dynamics of the number of classes and the contingent of students with languages ​​of instruction for 2009–2013 in Crimea looked as follows (Table 1).

Dynamics of changes in the number of students (classes)in daytime educational institutions studying in Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar,Russian languages ​​for 2009–2013

At the same time, there was no increase in the number of students in their native language. There were obviously not enough schools with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea No. 260 dated August 27, 1997 "Program for the formation and development of a network educational institutions with Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar languages ​​of instruction, schools and classes with two languages ​​of instruction” remained unfulfilled. Considering the ethno-demographic structure of Crimean students, the Program envisaged the opening of 60 schools with the Ukrainian language of instruction and 40 schools with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction. At that time, 314,768 students studied in the schools of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, of which 183,218 (58.21%) were Russians, 73,843 (23.46%) Ukrainians, 43,661 (13.87%) Crimean Tatars, 669 (0. 18%), Armenians - 1644 (0.52%), Bulgarians - 268 (0.09%), Germans - 435 (0.14%), other nationalities - 11130 (3.53%). The “Regional Program for the Development of General Secondary Education in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for 1999–2010” also remained unfulfilled, which provided for bringing the number of schools with Ukrainian as the language of instruction to 18 and Crimean Tatar to 20.

Language policy in the field of education of the modern Republic of Crimea. The current state of learning and teaching in native languages .

According to official data, by the beginning of the 2016–2017 academic year, 463 preschool educational institutions, in which 69.9 thousand children studied. Of these, only 1 children's institution with the Crimean Tatar language and 1 more - with the Crimean Tatar and Ukrainian languages. In total, 38 groups with the Crimean Tatar language of education and upbringing (915 children) or 1.4% of the total contingent and 5 groups with the Ukrainian language of education and upbringing (116 children) operate on the peninsula, 0.2% of the total contingent. Children of the Crimean Tatar nationality preschool age make up more than 26% of the preschool contingent. Essentially a modern system preschool education Crimea performs the functions of linguistic assimilation of children of the Crimean Tatar and other nationalities.

According to official sources (MONM RK), by the beginning of the 2016-2017 academic year, there were 561 general education schools in Crimea with 187.6 students. The number of students, compared with the 2006-2007 academic year, decreased by 40.4%. Of the 561 schools, 16 are with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction and 1 with the Ukrainian language of instruction (by the beginning of 2014 there were 7 schools and 1 exemplary gymnasium). 177,183 students (96.9%) study in Russian, 4,835 (2.6%) in Crimean Tatar, and 894 (0.5%) in Ukrainian. Crimean Tatar-teaching schools and the only Ukrainian-teaching school are not as such in general. Educational process in native languages, according to new requirements, it is organized from 1 to 9 classes, and in 10-11 - in Russian.

In the 2015–2016 academic year, in general educational organizations with the Russian language of instruction, the Crimean Tatar language was studied as a subject - 10402 people, Ukrainian - 9316, modern Greek - 62, German - 50.

Official information on optional study, within the framework of circle activities, looks like this: 11869 students study Crimean Tatar, 13661 students study Ukrainian, 122 – Armenian, 86 – Bulgarian, 73 – Modern Greek, and 18 – German. there is an extracurricular circle form, which takes place after the main classes. Circle study without assessment of knowledge with a minimum number of hours, as a rule, does not allow to master the native language to the proper extent and, moreover, to fulfill curriculum by language.

Based on the annual birth rate of 4.5-5.5 thousand (5.5 thousand in 2012) children of Crimean Tatars per year, on average, from 49.5 to 60.5 thousand students should study from grades 1 to 11. If we take the minimum number of 49.5 thousand students, then it will be 26.3% of the total number of students in Crimean schools. This figure is quite sufficient for completing classes with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction, but in practice this does not happen.

27,106 (54.8%) students are covered by all types of education and study of the Crimean Tatar language, 22,394 (45.2%) people do not study their native language. This problem is most acute on the southern coast, in the cities of Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch, Krasnoperekopsk.

Kurtseitov Refik Jaferovich, candidate of sociological
Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian
disciplines, Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University

Mambetov Kemal Yagyaevich, leading specialist of the GKU RK
"Information-methodical, analytical center"
Simferopol Republic of Crimea.

Source: "Economy and society" No. 2 (45) 2018

To be continued …

Despite the state status of the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages ​​on the territory of Crimea, their functioning at the proper level, according to observers, remains in question. In this regard, Vice-Speaker of the State Council of Crimea Remzi Ilyasov proposed to adopt a law guaranteeing the use of these languages ​​along with Russian in various fields. However, his legislative initiative was negatively perceived by government officials and individual experts. Politicians believe that the prospects for the passage of this bill are unlikely.

At the end of February this year, Vice Speaker of the State Council Remzi Ilyasov registered the draft law "On the functioning of state languages ​​and other languages ​​in the Republic of Crimea". The document, in particular, provides for the teaching and study of the Crimean Tatar, Russian and Ukrainian languages ​​as the state languages ​​of Crimea, as well as the creation of conditions for the study and teaching of other languages ​​of the peoples Russian Federation living in the Crimea. All three languages, according to the draft law, are taught and studied in state and municipal educational institutions located on the territory of the republic.

In addition, the draft law provides for the use of the three state languages ​​of Crimea in the work of the Crimean authorities and local self-government. Citizens of the Russian Federation residing on the territory of Crimea, who do not speak state languages, are granted the right to speak at a meeting, meeting, meeting in state bodies, organizations, enterprises and institutions in the language they speak.

Also, on the territory of Crimea, citizens have the right to apply to authorities and local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations with proposals, statements and complaints in the state languages ​​or in other languages.

“Officers of state authorities of the Republic of Crimea, local governments, state enterprises, institutions and organizations are required to speak the state language of the Russian Federation and one of the state languages ​​of the Republic of Crimea to the extent necessary for the performance of their official duties,” one of the paragraphs of the bill says. “Heads of state authorities and local self-government bodies create conditions for employees to master the state languages ​​to the extent necessary for them to perform their official duties.”

The draft law proposed by Ilyasov also stipulates liability in case of violation of the Crimean legislation on languages.

As stated in the explanatory note, the draft law, taking into account historical features, lays "the legal basis for the use and development of state languages ​​in Crimea, provides for the creation necessary conditions for the study of state languages, and also determines the basic principles for the regulation and functioning of other languages ​​in the field of state, economic and cultural life, based on two fundamental norms international law: all ethnic groups have the right to use their native language and culture; the right of an ethnos to preserve its national and cultural identity”.

According to the author of the bill, its adoption will allow to resolve issues related to the legislative support of the functioning of the state languages ​​of Crimea, as well as create additional conditions for the implementation of constitutional guarantees of the rights of citizens to use their native language, to free choice the language of education and training, taking into account the regional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics of the republic.

“The bill does not correspond to the realities of Crimea”

The first persons of the republic have not yet directly expressed their opinion on the draft law proposed by Ilyasov. However, at a meeting with teachers of the Crimean federal university(KFU) Head of the State Council Vladimir Konstantinov, discussing the need for compulsory study of the Crimean Tatar language, said that he was against such an initiative. So Konstantinov reacted to the suggestion of the professor of KFU, Doctor of Philology Ayder Memetov that the Crimean Tatar language, as the state language, is subject to compulsory education.

“From the fact that you make me learn the Crimean Tatar language, I will learn it the way I learned English - I don’t remember anything since I was taught. You can force to teach, but the result can be quite the opposite. Here we need to find some completely different forms, ”said Konstantinov.

Later, associate professor of KFU, member of the commission on education and science, youth and sports of the Public Chamber of the Republic Victor Kharabuga stated that the bill on the functioning of state languages ​​does not correspond to the realities of Crimea.

According to him, the document submitted by Ilyasov for consideration by the State Council "blindly copies" the legislation of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. “We need to understand the difference between the situation in these two republics and in Crimea. Both of these republics are the national statehood of the Bashkirs and Tatars. The Republic of Crimea is not such. Crimea is a territorial autonomy, the subject of statehood of which is its entire multinational people. There is no indigenous people or ethnic group on the peninsula that would have the right to create their own national statehood here, ”Kharabuga said in a commentary for Krym Media.

Associate Professor of the Crimean Federal University believes that, in accordance with these constitutional provisions, Crimeans cannot be forced to study the languages ​​declared state in Crimea. “These languages, of course, must function, meet the needs of their ethnic communities and have the support of the state. But they cannot be imposed by the state on this or that person as obligatory for study,” he is convinced.

The priority in this situation, according to Kharabugi, should be the "principle of voluntariness." “If a person wants to learn a certain language or be trained in it, such a right should be granted to him, which is being successfully solved today even in the absence of this law on languages,” the expert believes.

L. Grach:Before you become a judge, pass the exams in three languages

Politicians polled by the publication Crimea. Realities, doubt that the bill proposed by Remzi Ilyasov will be supported by the State Council. At the same time, they agree that the adoption of such a document would have a positive impact on the situation in Crimea.

First Deputy Head of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people Nariman Celal believes that the ideas contained in the bill should have been implemented even earlier. “Here it is necessary to highlight two points: firstly, the fact that all schoolchildren should have studied the Crimean Tatar language, and by now we would have a whole generation, or even more than one, of young people who would know one of the languages ​​at an elementary level Crimea - in this case, the language of the indigenous people. And what everyone Crimean Tatar had the right and opportunity in all official institutions and authorities to apply, receive answers or perform some other actions using their native language,” Celal emphasized.

In his opinion, speculation that it is difficult for someone to learn a language is absolutely inappropriate, because no one requires children of other nationalities to learn the language at a deep professional level. “As a teacher in the past, I know that there are no difficulties for children with their open minds. They learn whatever they are taught,” added the first deputy head of the Mejlis.

He also noted that for the development of tolerance in Crimea, the study of the Crimean Tatar language would be extremely important. As for the prospects for the adoption of Ilyasov’s bill, Dzhelal answered as follows: “Given the statement of the head of parliament and court political scientists, I have very big doubts that the bill will be adopted in the form in which it is needed for Crimea and the Crimean Tatars.”

The head of the Crimean republican branch also does not believe in the adoption of this draft law. political party"Communists of Russia", ex-speaker of the autonomy's parliament Leonid Grach .

“Knowing the current leadership of Crimea, its anti-Tatar sentiments in terms of attitude towards all the media, this is unlikely, these are people of the conjuncture,” said L. Grach.

At the same time, according to the communist, the adoption of such a bill in Crimea is necessary: ​​“What Ilyasov proposes, he kind of deciphers the Constitution of Crimea, which spells out the state status of three languages.”

“Anyone who wants to see himself as an official, let him prepare to learn languages. I don't see any problems in this. This is also not possible: to proclaim the equality of three languages, and then come to court, and the judge, who knows neither Ukrainian nor Crimean Tatar, will tell you that he does not have an interpreter. Before you go to the judges, pass the exams in three languages,” said Leonid Grach.

He is not surprised by the reaction of Konstantinov to the initiative for the compulsory study of state languages: "It is not surprising, knowing the expressions that he uses, his illiteracy in Russian, not to mention the fact that he will never master either Crimean Tatar or Ukrainian".

At the same time, Grach saw in Ilyasov's initiative the desire of the vice-speaker to earn political points in the fight against his former colleagues in the Mejlis.

Crimea. realities,