Do you want to take an English level test right now and find out your level of language proficiency? What are your strengths and what do you still have to learn? We invite you to take a free online test (registration and email is not required), consisting of 60 questions. You will receive the result as soon as you answer the last question.

English level test - instructions

The test determines the level of knowledge of the English language and divides students into 5 groups - from elementary (elementary) to advanced.

The test tests knowledge of language constructions (36 questions) and vocabulary (24 questions). A total of 60 questions must be answered, each of which is given a choice of one of four answers. If you do not know the correct answer to a question and do not mark anything, then the answer on it will be considered incorrect.

There is no time limit for passing the test, but try to keep within 40-45 minutes - this is the time for which this test is designed. For a more accurate assessment of knowledge, it is better not to use dictionaries and textbooks.

Determining the level of English

You can determine the result yourself in accordance with the table below, depending on the number of points you have scored. Read also our articles on how to prepare for and pass international tests: and.

Please note that the English level test only provides estimates and cannot be used for admission to educational institutions. In addition, this test does not assess your writing, reading, or speaking skills.

CEFR level ( Common European Framework of Reference - The level of the Common European Scale of Language Competencies) is a unified system for assessing language knowledge, using which you can even compare knowledge of different languages ​​​​with each other, for example, you have English at level B1, and Chinese - at level A2.

So let's take the test

TEST (60 questions)

Choose the most appropriate word or phrase for each question

Have you decided to learn the language on your own? It's bold! Do you have any knowledge base? This is a plus! Where do you think to start? This is logical!

Our advice: start with diagnosing the current level of knowledge, that is, with a test.

English proficiency test online and for free

I’m sure you yourself understand why you need to take an English language proficiency test: you will find out your strengths and weaknesses and, depending on this, you can build your own training program. So I suggest you do the following:

Everything seems to be clear. But there is one more important point to add here. Before building your program, decide on the purpose of learning the language. This is very, very important!

The goal is needed for a reason, not for show. What you should study (, or others) will depend on the purpose (tourism, work, etc.). This will depend on the level of language you need. So, if you need English for travel, then the B1-B2 (Intermediate - Upper Intermediate) level will be enough.

The total procedure is as follows: determine the level ⇒ determine the goal ⇒ study the table of levels ⇒ build a study program on it ⇒ study, practice, act!

English levels, or What is this Pre-Intermediate?

By the way, about the levels of language proficiency. In different tests, a different name for the level of English may be indicated, for example, B1 (according to the European CEFR system) or, more familiar to us, Intermediate. To avoid confusion, take a look at this plate.

Where to take an English level test for free

1. Four free online tests from Cambridge English: General English Proficiency Test for Adults, Student Test, Business English Test and Toddler Test. After passing, Cambridge will recommend which exam you can take based on your score.
2. Another free online test from the British Council. Here they will already show your general level of knowledge and the degree of complexity of the materials on which it is better to build training.
3. Free language test from Education First. The advantage of the test is that its passage is limited in time.

See Nothing, Hear Nothing, Say Nothing: English Levels

Please note that these tests show your level of the language as a whole, not based on testing the basic language skills:

• (only this skill is involved in the tests, basically).

It is from these skills that knowledge of the language is formed + each of them includes and. So it won't hurt you to know at what level do you master these 4 skills in order to subsequently put more emphasis on their “weak points”.

Usually students themselves see what they are doing well and what is not very good:

• for example, student X knows that he quickly understands everything visually (reading), but does not distinguish words at all by ear (listening);
• or student Y understands everything both aurally and visually, but cannot connect two words independently (speaking, writing);
• and student Z knows to himself that he can correctly build his speech, but his pronunciation leaves much to be desired, etc.

So, based on the student's objective idea of ​​his capabilities, he determines your general level upon registration and builds a training program:

1. A special test checks grammar and vocabulary;
2. Then you independently rate each of the 4 skills;
3. Then you choose the purpose of classes and your interests.

To make you really objectively understood your level of basic language skills, you can take a more detailed test. For example, a free online test from Kaplan International English. Its advantage is that it separately tests other skills and shows not only the general level of the language, but also the state of affairs separately for grammar and vocabulary, reading and listening.

As you can see, he lacks two more skills: writing and speaking. But this problem is solvable. About spelling tests in our blog. For speaking (as well as for other skills), free tests can be found.

From myself, I’ll add one more life hack: a test at a language school. Usually, when you sign up for classes at any language school, first of all, they give you a test (written, and then an oral conversation, where the teacher evaluates your skills).

After that, you are given a free trial lesson in a group of your level, at which you evaluate whether it is easy / difficult / or just right to study in it. Perhaps you will like the classes, then you will continue attending courses, and self-study will become a tool for lightning acceleration.

So, after establishing your current level, we move on to the next step: studying the level table.

English levels: table in Russian

This is a translation and adaptation of the English Language Proficiency Chart developed by the British Council in conjunction with Eaquals. It states:

• what language actions a student of a certain level can perform,
• what grammatical patterns (= models, samples) he has,
• what language markers (= actively used words, structures) are characteristic of his speech,
• What vocabulary does he have?
• what topics can be discussed.

Note that “knowing grammatical topics” does not mean distinguishing passive voice from active voice in a screening test. And “owning words on the topic “Food and Drinks” does not mean looking up the translation of a word in the dictionary, and then hitting your forehead with the words: “Oh, yes! I knew him!”

To know the grammatical topic, words and navigate in a certain topic means use it all in speech and writing (speaking and writing) and understand the meaning of printed or spoken text (reading and listening). Therefore, work with each topic, whether it be grammar or vocabulary, in combination with all skills.

To summarize: once again briefly about the most important

If you decide to learn a language on your own, then do it methodically and consistently.

• First, take a language proficiency test, and also assess the level of basic language skills.
• Then (if you haven't already), figure out your goal of learning the language. I’ll clarify right away that the “so, for myself” option will not work. But something like “to find a better job”, “to travel and communicate freely in shops and cafes”, “to read professional literature, good translations of which cannot be found in the daytime with fire” - is already more like a goal. It should be specific, tangible and understandable to you.
• After that, see what a student of your level has to learn in order to climb higher, and start immersing yourself in the language. Do it comprehensively, develop both passive skills and active ones.
• Be sure to track your progress - it motivates!

It's not time to say goodbye!

If you lack motivation, you need a study program and simulators for practicing English, then. We are already 17.5 million, but with you there will be even more! 🙂

As a rule, it is not enough to determine the level of knowledge of English online. Your restless curiosity must be eager to know what your result means. Below you can read what this or that level of English means. Ready? Then go ahead!

• 60-70 points. If you scored from 60 to 70 points, then you have reached the level Advanced (Advanced) in my English teaching. This is a very high level, which means that you can easily communicate in English in almost any situation. You perfectly understand almost any text, enjoy watching films and series in English, sometimes even forgetting what language they were watched in, calmly read books in the original. Although the Advanced level is undoubtedly a great achievement, it is not the highest level of English proficiency. There is also a level Proficiency (Professional), which covers absolutely all areas of knowledge and makes it possible to use English as a native language. Therefore, do not give up, the goal is already close!

• 48-59 points indicates a level called Upper-intermediate (Above average). As a rule, this level is indicated as the minimum for admission to a university and employment in an international company. Knowledge of English at this level implies that you have a good vocabulary to express your thoughts, opinions on some issue or problem. You can competently build sentences using complex structures. You understand most of the English songs you hear on the radio, usually without regard to slang and various dialects. If we compare this level with human age, then in English you enter the phase of an adult of 20-23 years old, your English seems to be independent, but not always confident and has not acquired life wisdom. You think in English, albeit sometimes with errors.

• 36-47 points is the level intermediate (Average). At this level, a person already has a good understanding of the system of grammatical tenses and constructions, knows the words of the main everyday topics. Willingly enters into a conversation, can express his thoughts in most everyday situations. He can already watch films in English, but at the same time he experiences obvious difficulties due to the lack of a passive vocabulary, that is, words that a person can recognize in a text or conversation and translate. With the Intermediate level, you can already travel safely. You will definitely understand the locals of non-English speaking countries and will be able to start a lively conversation with them.

• 24-35 points. Level Pre-Intermediate (Below the average) says that your period of "childhood" in English is over. You have already seen some of the many complex grammatical constructions with your own eyes, and you can even apply some of them. You have already learned a couple of three cumbersome creepy words and in all likelihood you can pick up synonyms for some expressions. Orientation in simple language situations (in a restaurant, hotel, shop, airport) does not shock you, because you can already cope with it. You can read the first adapted books “in the original”, but sometimes you still experience horror before unadapted films. Pre-intermediate is a great level after which you will find a lot of interesting things. Therefore, do not turn off the intended path!

• 11-23 points - Elementary(Base). If you learned English “at school once upon a time”, then in 90% of cases your residual knowledge just reaches the level of Elementary. And this is already a positive moment, since you already have some kind of base and you don’t have to “raise the virgin soil”. At this level, you already know how to read, count up to 100 and know (you can find out in the text) up to 500 words. You are familiar with the basic tenses, you have even heard or know 3 forms of irregular verbs (do-did-done). When building a proposal, you still feel insecure, but you can already order lunch at a restaurant and ask for directions. Cheer up, the most interesting is yet to come.

• 0-10 points indicates the level beginner (Beginning). In English, you are still a complete beginner, but you will definitely not give up. It is so?

How to check the level of spoken English?

In order to determine the level of knowledge of English online with the greatest accuracy, it is advisable to pass an oral test. After all, knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary does not guarantee that you have good speech skills and decent pronunciation. Unfortunately, there are also cases when a person passes the test by 90%, but can hardly verbally construct a sentence. Or, when written skills are head and shoulders ahead of oral ones. Such situations occur when a well-motivated person has studied long and hard on his own, read a large number of books, redid hundreds of exercises, but did not have the opportunity or desire to put his skills into practice and talk to someone in a foreign language. It turns out that there is knowledge, but it is impossible to say that a person speaks English. Therefore, if you want to accurately determine your level of knowledge of the English language and get recommendations from a specialist on how to improve it, sign up for free oral testing.

Only an experienced teacher can assess the level of your English. But if there is no opportunity to contact him right now, the best alternative is to complete a test developed by a competent teacher with online verification on our website.

We suggest you take an English proficiency test from the site. Choose one correct answer for each question. You will know the result of the execution after completing all the tasks. If the result is less than 15 points, we recommend that you go through additional practice with the help of training exercises for different sections of grammar on our website.

Check your English level - take the test online

Question 1 of 20

I don't like this table. It … very small.

… you live in a house or in a flat?

Our friends live abroad. But we often visit … .

The picture hangs … the wall.

What are you waiting for…?

…are you laughing? - Because it's funny!

I cut … when I was fixing the bike.

Oh, you … your hairstyle! You look cute.

I...serials. I think they are stupid.

They … to spend summer in Greece.

They want … the house in the countryside.

My classmate … the best project in Chemistry. He's very clever.

Now he … around Europe. He is not in the town.

I … the winner! I want it most of all.

Next Monday by 10 o’clock in the morning we … all the exams.

When we were having dinner my sister … her homework.

The dog is so fluffy! - Yes. I … her for half an hour.

If we … the boy, he will have many problems.

The stewardess said that the temperature is Sochi … 30 degrees.

We all knew that such a decision … to a lot of problems.

Continue

To continue the test, select one of the answer options.

you answered correctly
18 questions out of 20

Your result:

Oops!... Two points(((Quickly start learning English with the Lim English online tutorial. With it, you are guaranteed to get the result.

“Satisfactory”. Start learning English with the Lim English online tutorial using the unique method of Oleg Limansky. The result will not keep you waiting!

“Good” Congratulations! You do not speak English well within the chosen level. Start learning English with the Lim-English online tutorial using the unique method of Oleg Limansky. With it, you are guaranteed to improve your knowledge.

Congratulations! This is an excellent result. You are fluent in English within the chosen level. You have a great opportunity to improve your level with the Lim-English online tutorial. You will get daily practice.

Excellent result! You are fluent in English within the chosen level. There is no limit to perfection, use the Lim-English online tutorial - this is a great way to always be in shape. Test your skills in our advanced courses.

Wrong answers:

Question # (1)
Your answer: (2)
Correct answer: (3)

Test to determine the level of knowledge of the English language (Placement test). This test checks grammatical and lexical knowledge. If you are determined to improve your English, this test will help you determine at what level you should start. The test is suitable for everyone who has ever learned English and has already forgotten it, as well as for those who are at the stage of active learning.

Past Simple (simple past tense) is one of the most common tenses in the English language. With the help of Past Simple, we can convey events that took place in the past, and in some cases, events in the present. Therefore, at any level of English proficiency, you will learn something new about Past Simple. How Past Simple is formed Statement In order to form Past Simple, we add the ending -ed to the verb if the verb is correct (work - worked, learn - learned, ask - asked). If the verb is irregular, then we look for the form for Past Simple in the second column of the table of irregular verbs. Most likely, at first it will be difficult for you to immediately determine which verb is in front of you. You will find the irregular verb in the table. If it's not there, it's correct. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + 2nd form of the verb I played. - I played. He told. - He said. She stopped. She stopped. It worked. - It worked. We discussed. - We discussed. You did. - You did. They forgot. - They forgot. Negation In a negative sentence in the Past Simple, the auxiliary verb did (the second form of the irregular verb do) and the particle not appear. In an English sentence, only one verb can be in the past tense, so as soon as did appears, the main verb takes the form of the infinitive without the particle to (go, look, feel). I/He/She/It/We/You/They + did not + infinitive I did not play. - I didn't play. He did not tell. - He didn't speak. She did not stop. She didn't stop. It didn't work. - It didn't work. We did not discuss. We haven't discussed. You did not do. - You didn't. They did not forget. They haven't forgotten. In colloquial speech, did and not are combined to form the abbreviated form didn't: He didn't tell. We didn't discuss. Question To ask a question in the Past Simple, we put did first, followed by the subject, then the main verb. Did + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + infinitive Did I play? - I played? Did he tell? - He said? Did she stop? Did she stop? Did it work? - Did it work? Did we discuss? Did we discuss? Did you do? - You did? Did they forget? Have they forgotten? The verb to be in Past Simple As you already know, to be is an irregular verb, so the past tense form must be remembered. But in the past tense, it does not have one form, like all other verbs, but two: was (for nouns and pronouns in the singular) and were (for nouns and pronouns in the plural). Affirmation Denial Question I was at work. - I was at work. She was a dentist. - She was a dentist. They were happy. - They were happy. I was not at work. - I wasn't at work. She was not a dentist. She wasn't a dentist. They weren't happy. - They weren't happy. Was I at work? - I was at work? Was she a dentist? Was she a dentist? Were they happy? - They were happy? In negation, was (were) is combined with not and forms an abbreviated form: I wasn't at work. They weren't happy. The use of Past Simple Let's immediately pay attention to the fact that the main functions of Past Simple and Present Simple are the same. We only need to transfer the action from the present to the past. The Past Simple shows a fact in the past or a single action that ended in the past. Words that indicate the time of action are often used here: yesterday (yesterday), two weeks ago (two weeks ago), the other day (the other day), a long time ago (long ago), last month (last month), in 2010 (in 2010), on Monday (on Monday), during my holidays (during the holidays), etc. These words must necessarily indicate a completed period of time. I saw him yesterday. – I saw him yesterday. (single action in the past, already ended yesterday) The Titanic sank in 1912. - The Titanic sank in 1912. (fact) He went to Italy last month. He went to Italy last month. (single action in the past) Words indicating the time of the action may not be used in this function. She spoke to him in a low voice. She spoke softly to him. (single action in the past) Aivazovsky painted “the Ninth Wave”. - Aivazovsky painted the painting "The Ninth Wave". (fact) Past Simple is also used to describe a state in the past. They were friends many years ago. They were friends many years ago. (they are not friends now) That museum had a great collection of paintings. There was a huge collection of paintings in that museum. (now the museum does not have a huge collection) We use the Past Simple to talk about old habits and repetitive actions. These actions have repeatedly occurred in the past, but are no longer being committed. Such sentences may contain adverbs often (often), sometimes (sometimes), always (always), etc. We took evening courses two years ago. We went to evening courses 2 years ago. (we don't go to evening classes now) He always bought newspapers on Sunday. He always bought newspapers on Sundays. (he doesn't do it now) We can also use the used to construction when talking about old habits. We use the Past Simple when we are telling a story or listing several events that happened one after the other in the past. She came in, sat at the table, and started writing. She came in, sat down at the table and began to write. He entered the café, he ordered a cup of tea and a piece of cake. He entered the cafe, ordered a cup of tea and a piece of cake. Where else is the Past Simple found? We use Past Simple to tell the details of some news or some event that happened in our lives. We report the news itself in Present Perfect time. We can use other past tenses to give details, but Past Simple is used in these cases more often than others. I've hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was repairing the roof. My telephone rank unexpectedly. - I hurt my leg. I fell down the stairs while fixing the roof because the phone suddenly rang. I've got this job. It was a hard and exhausting interview, but it turned out that I was a perfect applicant. - I got this job. It was a tough, exhausting interview, but it turned out that I was the perfect candidate. Past Simple is used in subordinate tenses after unions after (after), before (before), when (when), until (not yet), as soon as (as soon as). In such a sentence, Past Simple shows a completed action in the past. As soon as she graduated from the university, she found a suitable job. As soon as she graduated from the university, she found a suitable job. He was astonished when I told him the news. He was amazed when I told him the news.

An exercise to memorize the English phonetic alphabet. Used to indicate anchor grid points in poor radio conditions. In this notation, you convey, for example, your location.

Present perfect tense (The Present Perfect Tense) Present Perfect - present perfect tense The present perfect tense denotes an action that has ended to date or completed in the present time period. Although English verbs in the Present Perfect are usually translated into Russian in the past tense, it should be remembered that in English these actions are perceived in the present tense, as they are tied to the present by the result of this action. I have done my homework already. I have already done my homework. Education Present Perfect Affirmative sentences: I have played We have played You have played You have played He / she / it has played They have played Interrogative sentences: Have I played? Have we played? Have you played? Have you played? Has he/she/it played? Have they played? Negative sentences: I have not played We have not played You have not played You have not played He / she / it has not played They have not played The Present Perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the present tense and the past participle of the significant verb , that is, its "third form". To have in the present tense has two forms: has - 3rd person, singular. h. (He has played) have - 1 and 2 person singular. and all plural forms. h. (I have played) Note: personal pronouns and the auxiliary verb are often abbreviated to he’s, they’ve, etc. Depending on the tense used in the sentence, he’s abbreviations can be deciphered as both he is and he has. The second participle, or the past participle (Participle II), can be obtained by adding the ending -ed to the initial form of a significant verb: examine - examined, enjoy - enjoyed, close - closed However, there is also a fairly large group of irregular English verbs that form the past form time is not according to the general rules. For them, the form of the past participle must be remembered. In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject, and the meaningful verb remains after it: Have you seen this film? Have you seen this movie? Has she come yet? Has she arrived yet? In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is followed by the negative particle not. The forms have and has can be shortened to haven’t and hasn’t, respectively: I haven’t seen him since then. Since then, I have not seen him. Cases of using the Present Perfect: 1. If the fact of the action itself is important to the speaker, and not its time or circumstances: I have visited the Louvre 3 times. I have visited the Louvre three times. 2. If the time of the event matters, then you need to use the time Past Simple: I visited the Louvre last year. I visited the Louvre last year. 3. If the period in which the action occurred has not yet ended: I have finished reading “Dracula” this week. I finished reading Dracula this week. Otherwise, Past Simple is used: I finished reading “Dracula” 2 weeks ago. I finished reading Dracula two weeks ago. 4. To indicate actions that started in the past and continue at the moment of speaking: I’ve studied Spanish since childhood. I have been learning Spanish since childhood. I haven't seen my hometown for 45 years. I haven't seen my hometown for 45 years.

Check out the theoretical material on the topic Future Simple - the simple future tense How the Future Simple tense is formed Statement In order to form the Future Simple, we need the auxiliary verb will. The subject will be in the first place, followed by will, in the third place - the main verb without the to particle. You may have heard that the auxiliary verbs of the Future Simple are shall and will. Yes, it was, but for a long time. Today, will is the only auxiliary verb, and shall is sometimes used in questions. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will + verb I will come. - I will come. We will find. - We'll find. He will win. - He will win. You will see. - You will see. She will understand. She will understand. They will agree. - They will agree. It will break. - It will break. In the affirmative sentence, will is combined with a pronoun to form an abbreviated form: I'll come. She'll understand. They'll agree. Negation In a negative sentence, the particle not appears between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will not + verb I will not come. - I will not come. We will not find. We won't find it. He will not win. - He won't win. You will not see. - You won't see it. She will not understand. She won't understand. They won't agree. They won't agree. It will not break. - It won't break. In a negative sentence, will is combined with not to form an abbreviated form. But there is one feature here - a change in the form of the word: will + not = won't. For example: It won't break. We won't find. You won't see. Question A question in the Future Simple begins with the auxiliary verb will, followed by the subject and the main verb. Will + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + verb Will I come? - I will come? Will we find? - We'll find? Will he win? – Will he win? Will you see? - You will see? Will she understand? Will she understand? Will they agree? Will they agree? Will it break? - Will it break? The use of Future Simple The initial level of Future Simple denotes the same phenomena as Present and Past Simple, only in the future. 1. When we express single actions in the future. We will take a taxi. - We'll take a taxi. He will spend his vacation in China. He will spend his holidays in China. 2. When the action will be repeated several times in the future. I will go to London a few times next year. I will visit London several times next year. In this tense, words indicating action in the future can be used: tomorrow (tomorrow), tonight (tonight), the day after tomorrow (the day after tomorrow), next week (next week), next year (next year), in a week / in a month (in a week / in a month), soon (soon), etc. e. She will call me tonight. She will call me in the evening. 3. Future Simple is used when we make a decision instantly and immediately voice it, in other words, when we make spontaneous decisions. I will order a steak and chips, and you? I'll order a steak and fried potatoes, and you? (I came to the restaurant, looked at the menu and chose a steak spontaneously). hold on. I'll get a pen. - Wait, I'll get a pen. (there was a need to write something down, so I immediately announced that I needed to take a pen)

You can speak English in different ways, someone cannot connect even two words, someone speaks fluently and makes mistakes, and some know the language professionally. In order to compete with each other in knowledge of English, a special scale was introduced to test the level of proficiency in this language.

This test belongs to the "Placement Tests" category, which are taken at the beginning of the training to determine the level of English proficiency and more accurate selection of educational materials and training programs. The level of knowledge assigned as a result of passing this test corresponds to the level of educational materials that should be used in the learning process.

This test will help you determine the level of English in accordance with the international system. The test is designed to determine the levels: Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced Language Practice. The test consists of 50 questions (from simple to complex), there is no time limit. To get a reliable result, try not to use any reference materials. Wish you luck!

Past Simple - Past Simple Past Simple (simple past) is one of the most common tenses in the English language. With the help of Past Simple, we can convey events that took place in the past, and in some cases, events in the present. Therefore, at any level of English proficiency, you will learn something new about Past Simple. How Past Simple is formed Statement In order to form Past Simple, we add the ending -ed to the verb if the verb is correct (work - worked, learn - learned, ask - asked). If the verb is irregular, then we look for the form for Past Simple in the second column of the table of irregular verbs. Most likely, at first it will be difficult for you to immediately determine which verb is in front of you. You will find the irregular verb in the table. If it's not there, it's correct. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + 2nd form of the verb I played. - I played. He told. - He said. She stopped. She stopped. It worked. - It worked. We discussed. - We discussed. You did. - You did. They forgot. - They forgot. Negation In a negative sentence in the Past Simple, the auxiliary verb did (the second form of the irregular verb do) and the particle not appear. In an English sentence, only one verb can be in the past tense, so as soon as did appears, the main verb takes the form of the infinitive without the particle to (go, look, feel). I/He/She/It/We/You/They + did not + infinitive I did not play. - I didn't play. He did not tell. - He didn't speak. She did not stop. She didn't stop. It didn't work. - It didn't work. We did not discuss. We haven't discussed. You did not do. - You didn't. They did not forget. They haven't forgotten. In colloquial speech, did and not are combined to form the abbreviated form didn't: He didn't tell. We didn't discuss. Question To ask a question in the Past Simple, we put did first, followed by the subject, then the main verb. Did + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + infinitive Did I play? - I played? Did he tell? - He said? Did she stop? Did she stop? Did it work? - Did it work? Did we discuss? Did we discuss? Did you do? - You did? Did they forget? Have they forgotten? The verb to be in Past Simple As you already know, to be is an irregular verb, so the past tense form must be remembered. But in the past tense, it does not have one form, like all other verbs, but two: was (for nouns and pronouns in the singular) and were (for nouns and pronouns in the plural). Affirmation Denial Question I was at work. - I was at work. She was a dentist. - She was a dentist. They were happy. - They were happy. I was not at work. - I wasn't at work. She was not a dentist. She wasn't a dentist. They weren't happy. - They weren't happy. Was I at work? - I was at work? Was she a dentist? Was she a dentist? Were they happy? - They were happy? In negation, was (were) is combined with not and forms an abbreviated form: I wasn't at work. They weren't happy. The use of Past Simple Let's immediately pay attention to the fact that the main functions of Past Simple and Present Simple are the same. We only need to transfer the action from the present to the past. The Past Simple shows a fact in the past or a single action that ended in the past. Words that indicate the time of action are often used here: yesterday (yesterday), two weeks ago (two weeks ago), the other day (the other day), a long time ago (long ago), last month (last month), in 2010 (in 2010), on Monday (on Monday), during my holidays (during the holidays), etc. These words must necessarily indicate a completed period of time. I saw him yesterday. – I saw him yesterday. (single action in the past, already ended yesterday) The Titanic sank in 1912. - The Titanic sank in 1912. (fact) He went to Italy last month. He went to Italy last month. (single action in the past) Words indicating the time of the action may not be used in this function. She spoke to him in a low voice. She spoke softly to him. (single action in the past) Aivazovsky painted “the Ninth Wave”. - Aivazovsky painted the painting "The Ninth Wave". (fact) Past Simple is also used to describe a state in the past. They were friends many years ago. They were friends many years ago. (they are not friends now) That museum had a great collection of paintings. There was a huge collection of paintings in that museum. (now the museum does not have a huge collection) We use the Past Simple to talk about old habits and repetitive actions. These actions have repeatedly occurred in the past, but are no longer being committed. Such sentences may contain adverbs often (often), sometimes (sometimes), always (always), etc. We took evening courses two years ago. We went to evening courses 2 years ago. (we don't go to evening classes now) He always bought newspapers on Sunday. He always bought newspapers on Sundays. (he doesn't do it now) We can also use the used to construction when talking about old habits. We use the Past Simple when we are telling a story or listing several events that happened one after the other in the past. She came in, sat at the table, and started writing. She came in, sat down at the table and began to write. He entered the café, he ordered a cup of tea and a piece of cake. He entered the cafe, ordered a cup of tea and a piece of cake. Where else is the Past Simple found? We use Past Simple to tell the details of some news or some event that happened in our life. We report the news itself in Present Perfect time. We can use other past tenses to give details, but Past Simple is used in these cases more often than others. I've hurt my leg. I fell off a ladder when I was repairing the roof. My telephone rank unexpectedly. - I hurt my leg. I fell down the stairs while fixing the roof because the phone suddenly rang. I've got this job. It was a hard and exhausting interview, but it turned out that I was a perfect applicant. - I got this job. It was a tough, exhausting interview, but it turned out that I was the perfect candidate. Past Simple is used in subordinate tenses after unions after (after), before (before), when (when), until (not yet), as soon as (as soon as). In such a sentence, Past Simple shows a completed action in the past. As soon as she graduated from the university, she found a suitable job. As soon as she graduated from the university, she found a suitable job. He was astonished when I told him the news. He was amazed when I told him the news.

Present Simple (Indefinite) - present simple (indefinite) tense. Formation and use Present Simple refers to the tenses of the English language most often found in a sentence and denotes an action that occurs regularly, constantly, which can be seen in the following example: Jane is a nurse. She works in a hospital. Jane looks after patients. Jane is a nurse. She works in the hospital. Jane takes care of patients. The example below describes an action that Jane performs regularly (for example, from Monday to Friday). However, this does not mean at all that Jane is doing the same action right now: perhaps now she has a day off, and she is resting or doing something unrelated to her profession. Next, we give the rules for the formation of Present Simple Tense and examples of sentences in the tables. Formation of the affirmative form Present Simple The affirmative (Affirmative), that is, the non-interrogative and non-negative not form of the verb is formed by using the original form of the verb without the to particle in the sentence, for example: to drive I drive a bus because I am a bus driver. I drive a bus because I am a bus driver. to sleep Koala bears sleep up to 22 hours a day. Koalas sleep up to 22 hours a day. to go away they usually go away on holidays. They usually leave during the holidays. However, if the subject in the sentence is expressed in the 3rd person singular (which corresponds to the pronouns he - he, she - she, it - it), then the verb gets the ending - (e) s: to travel He usually travels two times a year. He usually goes on a trip twice a year. to earn Tom earns a lot of money. Tom earns a lot of money. to smoke Jim smokes 10 cigarettes a day. Jim smokes 10 cigarettes a day. Features of the formation of the 3rd person singular form of some verbs If the verb ends in -s, -z, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, then when forming this form, the ending -es is added: ball to me. Jim always passes the ball to me. to buzz buzzes This bee buzzes very loudly. This bee buzzes very loudly. to wash washes Mary washes the dishes in a restaurant. Mary is washing dishes in a restaurant. to teach teaches Tom teaches history at school. Tom teaches history at the school. to fix fixes Alex fixes cars at Phil's Garage. Alex repairs cars at Phil's Garage. to go goes Jessica goes to a disco every Saturday. Jessica goes to the disco every Saturday. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the letter -e- at the end in this case is read as [I] (except for verbs in -o), while adding -s to the verb with "dumb" (unreadable) -e at the end, - it remains unpronounceable. Compare to watch - watches to make - makes –ie: o play plays Ann often plays with her little nephew. Ann often plays with her little nephew. to study studies John studies medicine at university. John studies medicine at the university. Formation of a negative form in Present Simple If you want to use a verb with a particle not, that is, to make a negative sentence, you will need the auxiliary verb do for most cases and its form does for the 3rd person singular. The particle not is added directly to the auxiliary verb, which in practice quite often gives the following abbreviations: do not = don't does not = doesn't An auxiliary verb in one of the above negative forms is placed immediately before the semantic verb, which must be in its original form , that is, the ending - (e) s in the 3rd person singular is not added. This is due to the fact that the ending -(e)s in this case is already present in the auxiliary verb in the form doesn't. For example: We don't like coffee. We don't like coffee. He doesn't play basketball at school. He doesn't play basketball at school. They don't have breakfast in the morning. They don't have breakfast in the morning. Sarah doesn't walk her dog in the afternoon. Sarah doesn't walk her dog in the afternoon. The formation of interrogative forms in Present Simple The form on which the compilation of any type of question is based (and there are 5 in total) is the form of a general question, that is, a question that requires a “Yes” or “No” answer. It is formed by putting the same auxiliary verb Do or its form Does in the 3rd person singular in the first place in the sentence, followed by the subject and the semantic verb in the original form, respectively: Do/Does + S + V1…? where S is the subject, and V1 is the semantic verb in its original form. Do you like winter sports? Do you like winter sports? Does he help you with your homework? Does he help you with your homework? The answer to such questions is often the words Yes / Yes and No / No. However, answering with only one of these words will not be sufficient in English. Traditionally, a short answer to a general question is built according to the following schemes: a) for an affirmative answer: Yes, SP + do/does., where SP is the subject in the form of a personal pronoun, for example: – Do you travel a lot? – Yes, I do. - Do you travel a lot? - Yes. – Does Mary work in a hotel? – Yes, she does. Does Mary work in a hotel? - Yes. b) for a negative answer: No, SP + don't/doesn't. , for example: – Do your friends speak English? - No, they don't. – Do your friends speak English? - Not. – Does James drive a school bus? - No, he doesn't. Does James drive a school bus? - Not. A special question or a question with a question word asks for specific information and is built according to the scheme: Wh + do/does + S + V1…? where Wh is the question word, S is the subject, and V1 is the verb in its original form, for example: When do you leave for school in the morning? When do you leave for school in the morning? How long does the baby sleep in the afternoon? How long does a baby sleep after dinner? Who do you stay with when you are in London? Who do you stay with when you're in London? However, it should be noted that this scheme is not suitable for questions that begin with the word Who in the sense of "Who?" and (less often) What in the sense of "What?" (in the nominative case), since such questions do not belong to the special group. These are questions to the subject, which require formation according to the following scheme: Who / What + V (e) s ...? The verb in such questions most often takes the form of the 3rd person singular (V(e)s), for example: Who lives in this house? Who lives in this house? What happens if you add acid to water? What happens when you add acid to water? An alternative question, which involves a choice of two or more objects or actions, is built exactly like a general question, but requires the conjunction or/or in the sentence, for example: Do you prefer tea or coffee for breakfast? Do you prefer tea or coffee for breakfast? Does Tom help or bother you? Does Tom help or hinder you? A dividing question, or the so-called "tag question", is a small addition to an affirmative or negative sentence and questions what is said in it. Such a question is always translated into Russian in the same way - “isn't it? / isn’t it?”, but it is formed differently depending on the structure of the original sentence, for example: You speak Japanese, don’t you? You speak Japanese, don't you? Tom doesn't smoke, does he? Tom doesn't smoke, does he? The disjunctive question is built according to the following schemes: a) for an affirmative basic sentence: don't / does not't + SP? b) for a negative base sentence: do/does +SP? The above rules for the formation of affirmative (Affirmative), interrogative (Interrogative) and negative (Negative) forms allow you to understand how the Present Simple is formed, and you can easily remember them from the following table (using the example of the verb go): Affirmative Negative Interrogative I go I don't go Do I go? You go You don't go He goes He doesn't go Does he go ? She goes She doesn't go Does she go ? It goes It doesn't go Does it go ? We go We don't go Do we go? You go You don't go They go They don't go Table of the formation of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in Present Simple Tense Special cases of the formation of Present Simple forms Individual verbs, among which are mainly auxiliary and modal, form the corresponding forms of the present simple tense not according to the above rules: The verb to be - "to be" has the following forms: I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are. Interrogative and negative forms are formed without the auxiliary verb do/does. The verb to have - "to have" in the 3rd person singular. number has the form has. The verb can - "to be able, be able" in all persons has the same form can. The negation has the form can't/cannot, and the question is constructed without do/does. The verb must - "to be due" also has the same form in all persons - must. Negation has the form mustn't, and the question is formed without the participation of do / does. Areas of use Present Simple action that occurs regularly I usually get up at 7 o'clock. I usually get up at 7 o'clock. action that happens all the time We live in a small village near Dublin. We live in a small village near Dublin. well-known facts Water freezes at 0ºC. Water freezes at 0ºC. activities that will happen in the future according to a plan or schedule Our train arrives at 8:30 p.m. Our train will arrive at 8:30 pm. a sequence of actions that acts as a kind of forward planning I graduate from the university, take a year off, travel a lot, find an interesting job and only then think of getting married. I graduate from university, take a year off, travel a lot, find an interesting job, and only then think about marriage. past actions in headlines for the emotional "approach" of the Terrorists organize riots in Paris event. Terrorists organized riots in Paris. Thus, the present simple tense is widely used in speech and is one of the basic elements on which the subsequent study of the English language is built.

The test is aimed at identifying knowledge on the topic "Population of the Russian Federation", after reading adapted information on the topic, as well as the ability to work with English-language tests. The level of difficulty is not high, all questions require the choice of the only correct option. Number of questions - 10.

This test checks grammatical and lexical knowledge. If you are determined to improve your English, this test will help you determine at what level you should start. The test is suitable for everyone who has ever learned English and has already forgotten it, as well as for those who are at the stage of active learning.

Present Simple (Indefinite) - present simple (indefinite) tense. Formation and use Present Simple refers to the tenses of the English language most often found in a sentence and denotes an action that occurs regularly, constantly, which can be seen in the following example: Jane is a nurse. She works in a hospital. Jane looks after patients. Jane is a nurse. She works in the hospital. Jane takes care of patients. The example below describes an action that Jane performs regularly (for example, from Monday to Friday). However, this does not mean at all that Jane is doing the same action right now: perhaps now she has a day off, and she is resting or doing something unrelated to her profession. Next, we give the rules for the formation of Present Simple Tense and examples of sentences in the tables. Formation of the affirmative form Present Simple The affirmative (Affirmative), that is, the non-interrogative and non-negative not form of the verb is formed by using the original form of the verb without the to particle in the sentence, for example: to drive I drive a bus because I am a bus driver. I drive a bus because I am a bus driver. to sleep Koala bears sleep up to 22 hours a day. Koalas sleep up to 22 hours a day. to go away they usually go away on holidays. They usually leave during the holidays. However, if the subject in the sentence is expressed in the 3rd person singular (which corresponds to the pronouns he - he, she - she, it - it), then the verb gets the ending - (e) s: to travel He usually travels two times a year. He usually goes on a trip twice a year. to earn Tom earns a lot of money. Tom earns a lot of money. to smoke Jim smokes 10 cigarettes a day. Jim smokes 10 cigarettes a day. Features of the formation of the 3rd person singular form of some verbs If the verb ends in -s, -z, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, then when forming this form, the ending -es is added: ball to me. Jim always passes the ball to me. to buzz buzzes This bee buzzes very loudly. This bee buzzes very loudly. to wash washes Mary washes the dishes in a restaurant. Mary is washing dishes in a restaurant. to teach teaches Tom teaches history at school. Tom teaches history at the school. to fix fixes Alex fixes cars at Phil's Garage. Alex repairs cars at Phil's Garage. to go goes Jessica goes to a disco every Saturday. Jessica goes to the disco every Saturday. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the letter -e- at the end in this case is read as [I] (except for verbs in -o), while adding -s to the verb with "dumb" (unreadable) -e at the end, - it remains unpronounceable. Compare to watch - watches to make - makes –ie: to play plays Ann often plays with her little nephew. Ann often plays with her little nephew. to study studies John studies medicine at university. John studies medicine at the university. Formation of a negative form in Present Simple If you want to use a verb with a particle not, that is, to make a negative sentence, you will need the auxiliary verb do for most cases and its form does for the 3rd person singular. The particle not is added directly to the auxiliary verb, which in practice quite often gives the following abbreviations: do not = don't does not = doesn't An auxiliary verb in one of the above negative forms is placed immediately before the semantic verb, which must be in its original form , that is, the ending -(e)s in the 3rd person singular is not added. This is due to the fact that the ending -(e)s in this case is already present in the auxiliary verb in the form doesn't. For example: We don't like coffee. We don't like coffee. He doesn't play basketball at school. He doesn't play basketball at school. They don't have breakfast in the morning. They don't have breakfast in the morning. Sarah doesn't walk her dog in the afternoon. Sarah doesn't walk her dog in the afternoon. The formation of interrogative forms in Present Simple The form on which the compilation of any type of question is based (and there are 5 in total) is the form of a general question, that is, a question that requires a “Yes” or “No” answer. It is formed by putting the same auxiliary verb Do or its form Does in the 3rd person singular in the first place in the sentence, followed by the subject and the semantic verb in the original form, respectively: Do/Does + S + V1…? where S is the subject, and V1 is the semantic verb in its original form. Do you like winter sports? Do you like winter sports? Does he help you with your homework? Does he help you with your homework? The answer to such questions is often the words Yes / Yes and No / No. However, answering with only one of these words will not be sufficient in English. Traditionally, a short answer to a general question is built according to the following schemes: a) for an affirmative answer: Yes, SP + do/does., where SP is the subject in the form of a personal pronoun, for example: – Do you travel a lot? – Yes, I do. - Do you travel a lot? - Yes. – Does Mary work in a hotel? – Yes, she does. Does Mary work in a hotel? - Yes. b) for a negative answer: No, SP + don't/doesn't. , for example: – Do your friends speak English? - No, they don't. – Do your friends speak English? - Not. – Does James drive a school bus? - No, he doesn't. Does James drive a school bus? - Not. A special question or a question with a question word asks for specific information and is built according to the scheme: Wh + do/does + S + V1…? where Wh is the question word, S is the subject, and V1 is the verb in its original form, for example: When do you leave for school in the morning? When do you leave for school in the morning? How long does the baby sleep in the afternoon? How long does a baby sleep after dinner? Who do you stay with when you are in London? Who do you stay with when you're in London? However, it should be noted that this scheme is not suitable for questions that begin with the word Who in the sense of "Who?" and (less often) What in the sense of "What?" (in the nominative case), since such questions do not belong to the special group. These are questions to the subject, which require formation according to the following scheme: Who / What + V (e) s ...? The verb in such questions most often takes the form of the 3rd person singular (V(e)s), for example: Who lives in this house? Who lives in this house? What happens if you add acid to water? What happens when you add acid to water? An alternative question, which involves a choice of two or more objects or actions, is built exactly like a general question, but requires the conjunction or/or in the sentence, for example: Do you prefer tea or coffee for breakfast? Do you prefer tea or coffee for breakfast? Does Tom help or bother you? Does Tom help or hinder you? A dividing question, or the so-called "tag question", is a small addition to an affirmative or negative sentence and questions what is said in it. Such a question is always translated into Russian in the same way - “isn't it? / isn’t it?”, but it is formed differently depending on the structure of the original sentence, for example: You speak Japanese, don’t you? You speak Japanese, don't you? Tom doesn't smoke, does he? Tom doesn't smoke, does he? The disjunctive question is constructed according to the following schemes: a) for an affirmative basic sentence: don't/doesn't +SP? b) for a negative base sentence: do/does +SP? The above rules for the formation of affirmative (Affirmative), interrogative (Interrogative) and negative (Negative) forms allow you to understand how the Present Simple is formed, and you can easily remember them from the following table (using the example of the verb go): Affirmative Negative Interrogative I go I don't go Do I go? You go You don't go He goes He doesn't go Does he go ? She goes She doesn't go Does she go ? It goes It doesn't go Does it go ? We go We don't go Do we go? You go You don't go They go They don't go Table of the formation of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in Present Simple Tense Special cases of the formation of Present Simple forms Individual verbs, among which are mainly auxiliary and modal, form the corresponding forms of the present simple tense not according to the above rules: The verb to be - "to be" has the following forms: I am, he/she/it is, you/we/they are. Interrogative and negative forms are formed without the auxiliary verb do/does. The verb to have - "to have" in the 3rd person singular. number has the form has. The verb can - “to be able, to be able” in all persons has the same form can. The negation has the form can't/cannot, and the question is constructed without do/does. The verb must - "to be due" also has the same form in all persons - must. Negation has the form mustn't, and the question is formed without the participation of do / does. Areas of use Present Simple action that occurs regularly I usually get up at 7 o'clock. I usually get up at 7 o'clock. action that happens all the time We live in a small village near Dublin. We live in a small village near Dublin. well-known facts Water freezes at 0ºC. Water freezes at 0ºC. activities that will happen in the future according to a plan or schedule Our train arrives at 8:30 p.m. Our train will arrive at 8:30 pm. a sequence of actions that acts as a kind of forward planning I graduate from the university, take a year off, travel a lot, find an interesting job and only then think of getting married. I graduate from university, take a year off, travel a lot, find an interesting job, and only then think about marriage. past actions in headlines for the emotional "approach" of the Terrorists organize riots in Paris event. Terrorists organized riots in Paris. Thus, the present simple tense is widely used in speech and is one of the basic elements on which the subsequent study of the English language is built.

Present Continuous - the present continuous tenses of the Continuous group indicate a process, an action that lasts at a certain moment in the past, present or future. Present Continuous time usually indicates a process that lasts directly at the moment of speech. This may be indicated by the context or words such as now (now), at the moment (at the current moment), etc.: Sally is doing her homework at the moment. Sally is doing her homework now. Dad and me are fishing now. My dad and I are fishing now. Education Present Continuous Affirmative sentences: I am playing We are playing You are playing You are playing He / she / it is playing They are playing Interrogative sentences: Am I playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are you playing? Is he/she/it playing? Are they playing? Negative sentences: I am not playing We are not playing You are not playing You are not playing He / she / it is not playing They are not playing tense and present participle (Participle I) of the semantic verb. To be in the present tense has three forms: am - 1 person, singular. h. (I am shaving.) is - 3rd person, unit. h. (He is reading.) are - 2 person units. hours and all forms pl. h. (They are sleeping.) Note: Personal pronouns and the auxiliary verb are often abbreviated to I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're. The present participle (Participle I) can be obtained by adding the ending -ing to the initial form of a significant verb: jump - jumping, live - living In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject, and the significant verb remains after it: Why are you laughing? Why are you laughing? Are you using this dictionary? Do you use this dictionary? In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is followed by the negative particle not. The is and are forms can be shortened to isn't and aren't, respectively. Radio is not (isn't) working. The radio does not work. Cases of using Present Continuous Indication of the process taking place immediately at the moment of the conversation: The doctor is conducting an operation now. The doctor is now performing the operation. Description of the characteristic properties of a person, often with a negative connotation: Why are you always interrupting people? Why are you always interrupting people? He is always shouting at me. He always yells at me. A planned action in the future, often with verbs of motion: We are landing in Heathrow in 20 minutes. We land at Heathrow in 20 minutes. Note: English verbs associated with perception (notice, hear, see, feel ...), emotions (love, hate, like ...), mental processes (think, believe, understand ...), possession (have , possess ...) are not used in Continuous tenses, because they themselves denote a process. Instead, Present Simple is used: I hear you, don't shout. I hear you, don't scream. I love pancakes. I love pancakes.

Present Continuous - the present continuous tenses of the Continuous group indicate a process, an action that lasts at a certain moment in the past, present or future. Present Continuous time usually indicates a process that lasts directly at the moment of speech. This may be indicated by the context or words such as now (now), at the moment (at the current moment), etc.: Sally is doing her homework at the moment. Sally is doing her homework now. Dad and me are fishing now. My dad and I are fishing now. Education Present Continuous Affirmative sentences: I am playing We are playing You are playing You are playing He / she / it is playing They are playing Interrogative sentences: Am I playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are you playing? Is he/she/it playing? Are they playing? Negative sentences: I am not playing We are not playing You are not playing You are not playing He / she / it is not playing They are not playing tense and present participle (Participle I) of the semantic verb. To be in the present tense has three forms: am - 1 person, singular. h. (I am shaving.) is - 3rd person, unit. h. (He is reading.) are - 2 person units. hours and all forms pl. h. (They are sleeping.) Note: Personal pronouns and the auxiliary verb are often abbreviated to I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're. The present participle (Participle I) can be obtained by adding the ending -ing to the initial form of a significant verb: jump - jumping, live - living In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject, and the significant verb remains after it: Why are you laughing? Why are you laughing? Are you using this dictionary? Do you use this dictionary? In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is followed by the negative particle not. The is and are forms can be shortened to isn't and aren't, respectively. Radio is not (isn't) working. The radio does not work. Cases of using Present Continuous Indication of the process taking place immediately at the moment of the conversation: The doctor is conducting an operation now. The doctor is now performing the operation. Description of the characteristic properties of a person, often with a negative connotation: Why are you always interrupting people? Why are you always interrupting people? He is always shouting at me. He always yells at me. A planned action in the future, often with verbs of motion: We are landing in Heathrow in 20 minutes. We land at Heathrow in 20 minutes. Note: English verbs associated with perception (notice, hear, see, feel ...), emotions (love, hate, like ...), mental processes (think, believe, understand ...), possession (have , possess ...) are not used in Continuous tenses, because they themselves denote a process. Instead, Present Simple is used: I hear you, don't shout. I hear you, don't scream. I love pancakes. I love pancakes.

Present Continuous - the present continuous tenses of the Continuous group indicate a process, an action that lasts at a certain moment in the past, present or future. Present Continuous time usually indicates a process that lasts directly at the moment of speech. This may be indicated by the context or words such as now (now), at the moment (at the current moment), etc.: Sally is doing her homework at the moment. Sally is doing her homework now. Dad and me are fishing now. My dad and I are fishing now. Education Present Continuous Affirmative sentences: I am playing We are playing You are playing You are playing He / she / it is playing They are playing Interrogative sentences: Am I playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are you playing? Is he/she/it playing? Are they playing? Negative sentences: I am not playing We are not playing You are not playing You are not playing He / she / it is not playing They are not playing tense and present participle (Participle I) of the semantic verb. To be in the present tense has three forms: am - 1 person, singular. h. (I am shaving.) is - 3rd person, unit. h. (He is reading.) are - 2 person units. hours and all forms pl. h. (They are sleeping.) Note: Personal pronouns and the auxiliary verb are often abbreviated to I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're. The present participle (Participle I) can be obtained by adding the ending -ing to the initial form of a significant verb: jump - jumping, live - living In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject, and the significant verb remains after it: Why are you laughing? Why are you laughing? Are you using this dictionary? Do you use this dictionary? In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is followed by the negative particle not. The is and are forms can be shortened to isn't and aren't, respectively. Radio is not (isn't) working. The radio does not work. Cases of using Present Continuous Indication of the process taking place immediately at the moment of the conversation: The doctor is conducting an operation now. The doctor is now performing the operation. Description of the characteristic properties of a person, often with a negative connotation: Why are you always interrupting people? Why are you always interrupting people? He is always shouting at me. He always yells at me. A planned action in the future, often with verbs of motion: We are landing in Heathrow in 20 minutes. We land at Heathrow in 20 minutes. Note: English verbs associated with perception (notice, hear, see, feel ...), emotions (love, hate, like ...), mental processes (think, believe, understand ...), possession (have , possess ...) are not used in Continuous tenses, because they themselves denote a process. Instead, Present Simple is used: I hear you, don't shout. I hear you, don't scream. I love pancakes. I love pancakes.

Present Continuous - the present continuous tenses of the Continuous group indicate a process, an action that lasts at a certain moment in the past, present or future. Present Continuous time usually indicates a process that lasts directly at the moment of speech. This may be indicated by the context or words such as now (now), at the moment (at the current moment), etc.: Sally is doing her homework at the moment. Sally is doing her homework now. Dad and me are fishing now. My dad and I are fishing now. Education Present Continuous Affirmative sentences: I am playing We are playing You are playing You are playing He / she / it is playing They are playing Interrogative sentences: Am I playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are you playing? Is he/she/it playing? Are they playing? Negative sentences: I am not playing We are not playing You are not playing You are not playing He / she / it is not playing They are not playing tense and present participle (Participle I) of the semantic verb. To be in the present tense has three forms: am - 1 person, singular. h. (I am shaving.) is - 3rd person, unit. h. (He is reading.) are - 2 person units. hours and all forms pl. h. (They are sleeping.) Note: Personal pronouns and the auxiliary verb are often abbreviated to I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're. The present participle (Participle I) can be obtained by adding the ending -ing to the initial form of a significant verb: jump - jumping, live - living In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject, and the significant verb remains after it: Why are you laughing? Why are you laughing? Are you using this dictionary? Do you use this dictionary? In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is followed by the negative particle not. The is and are forms can be shortened to isn't and aren't, respectively. Radio is not (isn't) working. The radio does not work. Cases of using Present Continuous Indication of the process taking place immediately at the moment of the conversation: The doctor is conducting an operation now. The doctor is now performing the operation. Description of the characteristic properties of a person, often with a negative connotation: Why are you always interrupting people? Why are you always interrupting people? He is always shouting at me. He always yells at me. A planned action in the future, often with verbs of motion: We are landing in Heathrow in 20 minutes. We land at Heathrow in 20 minutes. Note: English verbs associated with perception (notice, hear, see, feel ...), emotions (love, hate, like ...), mental processes (think, believe, understand ...), possession (have , possess ...) are not used in Continuous tenses, because they themselves denote a process. Instead, Present Simple is used: I hear you, don't shout. I hear you, don't scream. I love pancakes. I love pancakes.

Present Continuous - the present continuous tenses of the Continuous group indicate a process, an action that lasts at a certain moment in the past, present or future. Present Continuous time usually indicates a process that lasts directly at the moment of speech. This may be indicated by the context or words such as now (now), at the moment (at the current moment), etc.: Sally is doing her homework at the moment. Sally is doing her homework now. Dad and me are fishing now. My dad and I are fishing now. Education Present Continuous Affirmative sentences: I am playing We are playing You are playing You are playing He / she / it is playing They are playing Interrogative sentences: Am I playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are you playing? Is he/she/it playing? Are they playing? Negative sentences: I am not playing We are not playing You are not playing You are not playing He / she / it is not playing They are not playing tense and present participle (Participle I) of the semantic verb. To be in the present tense has three forms: am - 1 person, singular. h. (I am shaving.) is - 3rd person, unit. h. (He is reading.) are - 2 person units. hours and all forms pl. h. (They are sleeping.) Note: Personal pronouns and the auxiliary verb are often abbreviated to I'm, he's, she's, it's, we're, you're, they're. The present participle (Participle I) can be obtained by adding the ending -ing to the initial form of a significant verb: jump - jumping, live - living In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject, and the significant verb remains after it: Why are you laughing? Why are you laughing? Are you using this dictionary? Do you use this dictionary? In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is followed by the negative particle not. The is and are forms can be shortened to isn't and aren't, respectively. Radio is not (isn't) working. The radio does not work. Cases of using Present Continuous Indication of the process taking place immediately at the moment of the conversation: The doctor is conducting an operation now. The doctor is now performing the operation. Description of the characteristic properties of a person, often with a negative connotation: Why are you always interrupting people? Why are you always interrupting people? He is always shouting at me. He always yells at me. A planned action in the future, often with verbs of motion: We are landing in Heathrow in 20 minutes. We land at Heathrow in 20 minutes. Note: English verbs associated with perception (notice, hear, see, feel ...), emotions (love, hate, like ...), mental processes (think, believe, understand ...), possession (have , possess ...) are not used in Continuous tenses, because they themselves denote a process. Instead, Present Simple is used: I hear you, don't shout. I hear you, don't scream. I love pancakes. I love pancakes.

Check out the theoretical material on the topic Future Simple - the simple future tense How the Future Simple tense is formed Statement In order to form the Future Simple, we need the auxiliary verb will. The subject will be in the first place, followed by will, in the third place - the main verb without the to particle. You may have heard that the auxiliary verbs of the Future Simple are shall and will. Yes, it was, but for a long time. Today, will is the only auxiliary verb, and shall is sometimes used in questions. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will + verb I will come. - I will come. We will find. - We'll find. He will win. - He will win. You will see. - You will see. She will understand. She will understand. They will agree. - They will agree. It will break. - It will break. In the affirmative sentence, will is combined with a pronoun to form an abbreviated form: I'll come. She'll understand. They'll agree. Negation In a negative sentence, the particle not appears between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will not + verb I will not come. - I will not come. We will not find. We won't find it. He will not win. - He won't win. You will not see. - You won't see it. She will not understand. She won't understand. They won't agree. They won't agree. It will not break. - It won't break. In a negative sentence, will is combined with not to form an abbreviated form. But there is one feature here - a change in the form of the word: will + not = won't. For example: It won't break. We won't find. You won't see. Question A question in the Future Simple begins with the auxiliary verb will, followed by the subject and the main verb. Will + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + verb Will I come? - I will come? Will we find? - We'll find? Will he win? – Will he win? Will you see? - You will see? Will she understand? Will she understand? Will they agree? Will they agree? Will it break? - Will it break? The use of Future Simple The initial level of Future Simple denotes the same phenomena as Present and Past Simple, only in the future. 1. When we express single actions in the future. We will take a taxi. - We'll take a taxi. He will spend his vacation in China. He will spend his holidays in China. 2. When the action will be repeated several times in the future. I will go to London a few times next year. I will visit London several times next year. In this tense, words indicating action in the future can be used: tomorrow (tomorrow), tonight (tonight), the day after tomorrow (the day after tomorrow), next week (next week), next year (next year), in a week / in a month (in a week / in a month), soon (soon), etc. e. She will call me tonight. She will call me in the evening. 3. Future Simple is used when we make a decision instantly and immediately voice it, in other words, when we make spontaneous decisions. I will order a steak and chips, and you? I'll order a steak and fried potatoes, and you? (I came to the restaurant, looked at the menu and chose a steak spontaneously). hold on. I'll get a pen. - Wait, I'll get a pen. (there was a need to write something down, so I immediately announced that I needed to take a pen)

Check out the theoretical material on the topic Future Simple - the simple future tense How the Future Simple tense is formed Statement In order to form the Future Simple, we need the auxiliary verb will. The subject will be in the first place, followed by will, in the third place - the main verb without the to particle. You may have heard that the auxiliary verbs of the Future Simple are shall and will. Yes, it was, but for a long time. Today, will is the only auxiliary verb, and shall is sometimes used in questions. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will + verb I will come. - I will come. We will find. - We'll find. He will win. - He will win. You will see. - You will see. She will understand. She will understand. They will agree. - They will agree. It will break. - It will break. In the affirmative sentence, will is combined with a pronoun to form an abbreviated form: I'll come. She'll understand. They'll agree. Negation In a negative sentence, the particle not appears between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will not + verb I will not come. - I will not come. We will not find. We won't find it. He will not win. - He won't win. You will not see. - You won't see it. She will not understand. She won't understand. They won't agree. They won't agree. It will not break. - It won't break. In a negative sentence, will is combined with not to form an abbreviated form. But there is one feature here - a change in the form of the word: will + not = won't. For example: It won't break. We won't find. You won't see. Question A question in the Future Simple begins with the auxiliary verb will, followed by the subject and the main verb. Will + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + verb Will I come? - I will come? Will we find? - We'll find? Will he win? – Will he win? Will you see? - You will see? Will she understand? Will she understand? Will they agree? Will they agree? Will it break? - Will it break? The use of Future Simple The initial level of Future Simple denotes the same phenomena as Present and Past Simple, only in the future. 1. When we express single actions in the future. We will take a taxi. - We'll take a taxi. He will spend his vacation in China. He will spend his holidays in China. 2. When the action will be repeated several times in the future. I will go to London a few times next year. I will visit London several times next year. In this tense, words indicating action in the future can be used: tomorrow (tomorrow), tonight (tonight), the day after tomorrow (the day after tomorrow), next week (next week), next year (next year), in a week / in a month (in a week / in a month), soon (soon), etc. e. She will call me tonight. She will call me in the evening. 3. Future Simple is used when we make a decision instantly and immediately voice it, in other words, when we make spontaneous decisions. I will order a steak and chips, and you? I'll order a steak and fried potatoes, and you? (I came to the restaurant, looked at the menu and chose a steak spontaneously). hold on. I'll get a pen. - Wait, I'll get a pen. (there was a need to write something down, so I immediately announced that I needed to take a pen)