One of the most productive in Russian is the suffix -nik- (-nits-). I must say that it has an alternation of consonants k / c. The variant with the letter "k" forms words that are masculine, the variant with the letter "c" is related to words of the feminine gender.

It forms words with a common objective meaning, that is, it occurs in nouns. Words with the suffix -nik- can be divided into groups according to their lexical meaning.

Words with face meaning

This is a very large semantic group. All the words in it denote a person by his activity, by profession.

If it’s gender, they have the suffix -nick-, examples of such words: boatman, tanner, gardener, forester, pupil, repairman, dirty trick, robber, agrarian, altynnik, apparatchik, balalaika, pamperer, baluster, baranochnik, horse dealer, shoemaker, white ticket , towpath, bead, fornicator, bribe taker, hangman, out of turn, water worker, military leader, wizard, freedman, godfather, eighties, eighth grader, rider, repeater, second grader, sophomore, graduate, eyeball, goloshtannik, hunter, miner, potter, mayor, sinner , sinner, mushroom picker, summer resident, janitor, ninth-grader, tenth-grader, foreman, graduate student, debtor, pre-conscription worker, road worker, preschooler, defender, pickpocket, convict, filmmaker, bricklayer, slanderer, collective farmer, nomad, seditious, krovnik, hooker, magician, puppeteer , cultural worker, resort visitor, health worker, miller, equestrian, classmate, excellent student, gunsmith, submariner knik, schismatic, libertine, warrior, interlocutor, adviser, companion, prisoner, conjurer, artist, chastushechnik, cup-maker, misanthrope, warlock, fourth-grader, fourth-year student, shock-worker, glutton, shabashnik, hatter, sharomyzhnik, sixth-grader, tire worker, schoolboy, self-seeker, saddler, scythe, skirter, sneaker, heathen.

If these are females, the nouns denoting them have the morpheme -nits-: teacher, interlocutor, woman in labor, charmer, witness, worker, mistress, sorcerer, etc.

Words for plants

There are nouns in Russian with the suffix -nik-, denoting a plant or a place where it grows.

For example: barberry, birch, vineyard, cherry, wolfberry, lichen, blackhead; vetelnik, bryozoan, alder, gooseberry, sunflower, broom, currant, raspberry, strawberry, blueberry, lingonberry, spruce, aspen, wren, buckthorn, hazel, dog rose, barley, berry.

Words that mean household items

Words with the suffix -nik- (-nits-) denote dishes or some other things that are in the house. Examples of these words: a teapot, a salad bowl, a teapot, a coffee pot, a saucepan, a washstand, a gravy boat, a washbasin, a pepper pot, a tureen, a biscuit bowl, a duckling.

There is a group of words with the meaning of a device, a tool: an alarm clock, a guide, a water collector, a water sump, an extinguisher, a thermometer, a milker, a lift, a garbage collector, a collar, a radio receiver, a boiler, a refrigerator, a freezer, a soldering iron, a candlestick.

A special group is made up of words that name food or meals: evening, afternoon snack, potato pancake, kurnik, gingerbread, pickle, cheesecake.

It is possible to single out a category of words denoting premises and buildings: an upper room, a stall, a sennik, a pigsty, a cowshed, a chicken coop, a calf house.

The suffix -nik- also forms words with the meaning "clothes": letnik, quilted jacket, oversleeve, sweatshirt, underwear, kosoklininik.

Words formed by the prefix-suffix method

Some words that have the suffix -nick- are formed by the simultaneous addition of a prefix and a suffix. These words also have a substantive meaning:

• an object located below something: a window sill, an armrest, a cup holder, a headrest.
• an object covering something: a headpiece, a tip, a knob, an armlet, a kneecap, a muzzle, headphones.
• a person who does not have anything: stowaway, unmercenary, horseless, shameless, homeless, spineless, atheist, dowryless.
• people or objects located along something: border guard, plantain.

The subject meaning of such words is formed with the help of a suffix, and the spatial meaning is introduced by a prefix.

How to distinguish between the suffixes -nik- and -ik-.

What is the suffix in the word, for example, mechanic? If you say that -nickname-, then it will be erroneous. In the word mechanic, the word-forming morpheme is -ik-. To prove this, it is necessary to make a word-formation analysis: a mechanic is a person who has the ability to handle mechanisms, there is a letter “n” in the producing basis. From this it follows that the suffix here is -ik-.

According to the same principle, the same morpheme -ik-, and not -nik-, is distinguished in the word "sandstone", since the originating word is sandy. And at the heart of this word there is a letter "n".

And in the word lichen, unambiguously, the suffix -nickname-. It is derived from the word "deprive". As you can see, there is no letter “n” in the basis of this word.

How double consonants HH appear in nouns

A double consonant in a word appears, as a rule, at the junction of morphemes, unless, of course, the word is of foreign origin. This means that one "n" refers to the stem of the generating word, and the second "n" is the first letter of the suffix. You can cite as an example the words with -nick-: bannik (bathhouse), wanderer (country), chosen one (chosen one), guard (guard), fable (fable), root (root), supporter (side), birthday man (name day), swindler (purse), elderberry (elderberry), insomnia (sleep), woodpile (log).

Difficulty may arise when distinguishing the suffix -nick- or -n- and -ik:

Consider examples: guard - protection (-nick-), chosen one - chosen one (-ik-). What should be learned in this case? A very simple circumstance: -nik- is used when a noun is formed from another noun, and -ik- produces a noun from an adjective or participle.

Here are examples of words where the suffix is ​​-nick- or -n- and -ik:

• -nick-: squad-nick (druzhina - n.), rowan-nick (rowan - n.), arshin-nick (arshin - n.), votchin-nick (estate - n.)
• -n + -ik: hryvnia-n-ik (hryvnia - adj.), con-n-ik (horse - adj.), root-n-ik (root - adj.), captive-n-ik (prisoner - adj.), sacred-n-ik (sacred - adj.), own-n-ik (own - adj.), public-n-ik (public - adj.), sent-n-ik (sent - pl. ), production-n-ik (production - adj.), related-n-ik (related - adj.), seed-n-ik (seed - adj.), modern-n-ik (modern - adj.), expelled-n-ik (expelled - adj.)

Words with one "n"

One letter "n" is written for nouns that are formed from adjectives or participles with one letter "n". Examples of words in which one letter n is written: varen-ik (boiled), windy-ik (windy), gostin-its-a (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), hemp-ik (hemp), bone-ik -a (bone), maslen-its-a (oily), peat-ik (peat).

Suffix -nick- in English

This suffix with the words "satellite" and "beatnik" got into English. The whole world knows the first word after the launch of the first satellite of the Earth.

The second word is associated with the name of the journalist Herba Cain, who proposed calling the generation of broken youth the word “beatniks”.

Thus, the Russian suffix got into the English language and formed in it a whole nest of words with the meaning of a person adhering to a certain style of behavior.

In English, he gives words a derisive, disparaging meaning. This property is common in relation to borrowings, remember Leo Tolstoy: he used the French language to characterize his negative characters negatively.

About two dozen English words have the suffix "nick". Examples of some of them:

• neatnik - taking care of himself;
• peacenik - opposed to war;
• refusenik - travel restrictions;
• protestnik - protester;
• draftnik - called up for military service;
• Vietnik - served in Vietnam;
• folknik - a fan of folklore;
• nudnik - boring person;
• no-goodnik - an unworthy person from whom nothing good is expected;
• Freudnik - a follower of Freud;
• Goethenik - admirer of Goethe;
• detentenik - supporter of detente;
• computernik - a fan of computer technology;
• real-estatenik - real estate dealer;
• sitnik - adherent of Buddhism.

Thus, there is a suffix -nik- in Russian, which has made a good career in English speech.

Nick/quilted jacket (spelling also -yatnik): focus - magician"one who shows tricks"; messenger, shoemaker, balalaika player, loser(colloquial), briber, traveler, mushroom picker"lover of picking mushrooms"; go-lub-yatnik, kosh-atnik(colloquial) "lover of pigeons, cats", bugbear"bear hunter";

-schik/-chik: herd - herd attendant, ice cream attendant, cloakroom attendant, excavator attendant; bartender, plumber, mortar, apparatchik;

-ist: tractor - tractor-ist, journalist, cartoonist, essayist, guitarist, cyclist, checkers player, scuba diver, archivist;

-ant(spelling also -yant): music - musician-ant, cadet, orchestra member, dissertation student, diploma student, excursionist, duel-yant;

-yor(spelling also -or): harvester - harvester, usher, miner, kioskker, chronicler; senate-op, props;

-er/-oner/-ir: costume - suit-er, millionaire; pension - pen-si-oner, policeman, collector; brigade - Brigadier, banker, cashier;

-ary: grape - grape ar, apothecary, librarian; gates - goalkeeper;

-ah: violin - creak-ah, trumpeter; colloquial: trickster, rhymer, circus performer, firmach.

The most productive in this meaning are suffixes -Nick, -schik and -ist.

The meaning "a person in relation to the locality, country or locality" has nouns with suffixes:

-yang-ying(spelling also -en-in)/-chan-in[in pl. h. -I don't), spelling also -an(e)/-chan(e)]: North - northerner(pl. north-yang-e) "resident or native of the North", farmer, Volzhanin, Kyivian, Irkutskian, Egyptian; Rostov - Rostov-chan-in, Tyumen resident, Minsk resident, Sverdlovsk resident, Kirov resident;

-ich: Moscow - Moscow-ich, Omsk - Omsk, Pskov, Kostroma;

-yak: Tula - Tul-Yak, Permyak, Penzyak, Siberian, Pole; right here countryman“a native of one with someone. terrain, land.

Productive suffix -yang-ying/-chan-ying.

Note. The same meaning is expressed by the productive suffix -ets with direct motivation by relative adjectives (see § 42): Ryazan - Ryazan - Ryazan, Eagle - orl-ovsky - orlov-ets, Karaganda - Kara-Gand-inskiy - Karaganda, America - american - american, Europe - European - European etc.

The meaning "a person in relation to the sphere of his activity, by belonging to a social or scientific direction, by action, property, state, inclination" have nouns with suffixes:

-ist: propaganda - propagandist, signalman, masseur, blackmailer, swindler, footballer; tourism - tourist, optimist, Marxist, idealist, pacifist, opportunist; economy - economist, methodologist; geodesy - surveyor, printer;

-ik: chemistry - chemist, historian; botany - botanist, logician, technician, politician, practitioner; satire - satirist, melancholy - melancholic, cynicism - cynic, fanatic; gout - gout, hypertension - hypertensive, rheumatism - rheumatic;

-Nick: hunting - hunter"one who hunts" robber, prankster, thief(colloquial), jealous, helper;

-schik/-chik: welding - welder, adjuster, striker, mining - provider, deliverer, detective - detective;

-ets: supply - supply"one who works in the field of supply", resistance"one who participates in the resistance", enlightener, conciliator“one who is inclined to reconciliation with someone, preaches reconciliation”; disapproved: degenerate, opportunist;

-ator: irrigation - irrigator"specialist in the field of irrigation", navigator, animator, resuscitator, provocateur;

-yor(spelling also -or): mounting - editor, visitor, boxer; literature - writer, architect, sculptor;

-oner: selection - breeder, oppositionist, reactionary, revolutionary.

The most productive suffixes -ist, -ik, -Nick. Productivity of suffixes -schik, -ets and -ator limited to appropriately motivating words on -ka, -enie and -ation.

The meaning of "a person in relation to his father, called a motivating word" is nouns with the suffix -ichAovich(spelling also -evich) productive in the formation of patronymics: Kuzma - Kuzm-ich, Ilyich, Lukich, Nikitich, Savvich; Peter - Petr-ovich, Lvovich, Ivanovich, Nikolaevich, Olegovich(in colloquial speech, patronymics with an unstressed morph -ovich- options for -ych, -ich: Ivanych, Olegych, Nikolaich etc.).

The meaning "a living being (person or animal) characterized by an intense bodily feature" has nouns with unproductive suffixes: -en: ears - wush-an(bat; simple: about an animal with big ears), forehead - loban(fish; simple: about a person or animal with a large forehead), golovan(region and simple), fat(simple) gorlan(simple); -ah: beard - beard-ach(colloquial) "bearded man", "bird of prey", mustache - barbel(colloquial) "whiskered man", "river fish", kosmach, stag(both are simple).

The meaning of "an animal characterized by an attitude to what is named (who is named) by a motivating word" has nouns with the suffix -nickname/-yatnik: Rowan - rowan-nick"a bird (a type of thrush) pecking at a mountain ash", lumberjack(beetle), caddisfly(worm); black grouse, sparrowhawk, dovecote(birds of prey hunting birds named with a motivating word). Suffix -Nick in this sense shows productivity.

The meaning is "an inanimate object, tool, device, characterized by an attitude towards something." have nouns with productive suffixes: -Nick: corner - square"drawing tool for drawing corners", thermometer, mustard plaster, price tag, elbow pad; -ator(spelling also -yator): cultivation (spec.) - cultivator"a tool for cultivating the soil", locator, inhaler, impulsator(new special); -yor(spelling also -or): exercise - training apparatus, compression - compressor, contactor(specialist.), microprocessor(new special), massager(new).

The meaning "a person in relation to an object, tool, place of his actions, activity" has nouns with suffixes:

The meaning is "a room for someone-something, containing someone." have nouns with suffixes:

-nick/-atnik(spelling also -yatnik): cow - cow-nick, monkey house, poultry house, anthill"ant's home" glacier"cellar"; rabbit - rabbit-atnik, chicken coop, ostrich house, deer house;

-n(i)/-yatn(i): bell - Bell tower, baker - bakery"a place where bakers work, where bread is baked", a groom - stable, locksmith - locksmith(colloquial), coffee - coffee house; pigeon - dovecote. Productive in this meaning is the suffix -Nick.

Meaning "receptacle (vessel, box, box, etc.) for something." have nouns with productive suffixes:

-nit(s): sugar - sugar-nit-a, inkwell, bread box, soap dish, ashtray, candy box;

-Nick: milk - milk-nick, kettle, coffee pot, creamer, bumayunik"pocket folder for papers and money", eyeglass case, sketchbook, coiner"receptacle for coins in vending machines."

Meaning "space, territory containing sth." have nouns with productive suffixes:

-Nick: ice - glacier"space covered with ice" mine; spruce forest"spruce forest" flower garden, aspen, raspberry, vineyard, burial ground(specialist.);

-nyak: oak - oak-nyak"oak forest" birch, willow, pine.

Productive in this meaning is the suffix -Nick. As a secondary word with suffixes -Nick and -nyak have the collective meaning "a set of identical objects called a motivating word": spruce forest"spruces, fir branches", raspberry"raspberry bushes" birch forest birches, birch branches.

Meaning "place, space, where sth. is (was) or happens (happened)" have nouns with a productive suffix -search(e): grazing - pasture, fire - conflagration"the place where the fire was" ashes, fort"the place where the city used to be" campfire, potatoes(special) "potato field", clover(special) “a field sown with clover; field that came out from under the crop of clover.

The meaning "country, territory inhabited by the people named by the motivating word" have nouns with a productive suffix -and|j|-(feminine words on -and I): Bulgarians - Bulgaria, Romania, Kyrgyzstan, Tataria, Slovakia, Scandinavia, Scythia(historical); right here Oceania.

Meaning "a place, space, kennel, intended for breeding or studying someone." have nouns with a productive suffix -ary: rose flower - rose-ary, planetarium; new: palmarium, lemonarium, dolphinarium, pheasant.

The meaning is “a room, an institution intended for some kind of Mr. actions" have nouns with an unproductive suffix -oriy: lecture - lecture room, crematorium, inhalatory(special), prevention - dispensary.

The meaning is “an institution (or part of it) headed by someone. or consisting of someone. have nouns with suffixes:

-stv(o)/-estv(o): minister - ministry"an institution headed by a minister", embassy, ​​consulate, abbey, superintendent(new), agency; forester - forestry, countryman - community;

-at/-iat: rector - rector-at"administrative department of the university, directly subordinate to the rector", deanery, directorate, episcopate; Commissioner - commissar-iat, secretary - secretariat;

-ur(a)/-atur(a): prefect - prefecture, registrar - registry; commandant - Command-atour-a, prosecutor - pro-kur-atur-a.

Suffixes are productive in this meaning -stv(o) and -at.

The meaning "animal meat as food" has nouns with productive suffixes:

-in(a): pig - pork-in-a, lamb, venison, sturgeon, salmon; calf (calves) - veal; here: dead carrion;

-yatin(a), spelling also -atin(a): goose - goose-yatin-a, chicken, duck, bear meat, hare.

Meaning "substance, material, characterized by relation to some n. object, substance" have nouns with a productive suffix -in: coffee - caffeine"substance found in coffee beans" vanillin, emulsin, saccharin, batting.

In the names of minerals, alloys and other substances characterized by an attitude to something, a productive suffix is ​​used -it: quartz - quartzite"a rock composed mainly of quartz" phosphorite, calcite, strawite"thermal insulation material made of compressed straw", granulite; the same in the names of minerals, alloys given in honor of a particular event, person, geographical object: win, Yerevanite, Gagarinite etc.

Meaning “field of occupation, condition, behavior of some kind. faces; socio-political, scientific, religious or other direction represented by such a person" have nouns with suffixes:

Productive suffixes -ism, -ik(a), -and|j|-.

Note. Suffix -stv(o)/-estv(o) productive in the same sense when directly motivated by relative adjectives (see § 42): author - author's - authorship, student - student - students("student stay": student years), mother - maternal - motherhood, father - paternal - paternity, Tolstoy - Tolstoy - tolstoyanism, Kant - Kantian - Kantianism. As a secondary, some nouns with this suffix have the collective meaning "the set of persons named by the motivating noun": students, teaching, acting.

Meaning "socio-political, scientific, ideological, aesthetic direction, way of thinking and behavior, illness based on a penchant for something." have nouns with a productive suffix -ism: Mystic - mysticism, symbolism, terrorism, careerism, revanchism, hegemonism, alcoholism, materialism(new).

Meaning "field of occupation, branch of science and technology, the object of which is sth." have nouns with productive suffixes:

-ism: automobile - automobilism, aircraft modeling, parachuting;

-ik(a): method - method-ik-a"science of teaching methods", system - systemat-ik-a, information - Informatics(new), toponymy;

-and|j|-(feminine words on -and I): telegraph - telegraphy, telephony, telescoping, cinematography.

The meaning is “a social system based on the domination of someone-th-something. or on the existence of someone or something. have nouns with productive suffixes:

-ism: tsar - tsar-ism, feudalism, capitalism, monopoly, despotism;

-and|j|-(feminine words on -and I): monarch - monarchy, tyranny, bureaucracy;

-at: sultan- sultan-at, emirate, caliphate, patronage, patriarchy;

-Hurrah): dictator - diktat-ur-a, advocacy, associate professor, postgraduate study, adjuncture, doctoral studies, residency.

The meaning is “an action or state characterized by an attitude towards some. object, phenomenon" have nouns with suffixes:

-ovk(a): percent - percent-ovc-a"calculation of interest" collar, scraper(all - special); lot - jere | b "j-o | vk-a(spelling lot "casting or drawing lots");

-ovani|j|-(spelling also -evani|j|-/-ing|j|-(words in middle r. on -ovation, -ovation, -ovation): rain - sprinkling(special: "irrigation with artificial rain"), yeasting, swathing, furrowing(everything is special) winter swimming(new); combine, roll, index(all - special);

-aci|j|-(spelling also -yazi|j|-/-izatsi|j|-(feminine words on -ation, -ation, -ization): heading - heading"the distribution of something. by headings"; new specialist.: encapsulation, indexing, routing, containerization.

The productivity of these suffixes is determined by the possibility of forming nouns with the meaning of action directly from nouns in the absence of a motivating verb (cf. nouns with suffixes -k(a), -ni|j|-, -aci|j|- motivated by verbs, see § 41).

Meaning "a disease of something. or manifested in something. have nouns with suffixes that are productive in medical terminology:

-oz(and spelling. -ez): psyche - psychosis, thrombus - thrombosis, furunculosis, leukocytosis;

-it: bronchus - bronchitis, tracheitis, pleurisy, arteritis.

The meaning is “mass sports competitions, characterized by an attitude towards something. or named after someone or something. have nouns with a productive suffix -iad(a): university - supermarket-iad-a"sport competitions between universities", Olympus - Olympics, Spartak - Spartakiad, Balkans - Balkaniada, climbing - alpiniada.

The collective meaning is “a set of works dedicated to some. historical face" have nouns with a productive suffix -ian(a): Lenin - L enin-ian-a, Pushkiniana, Shakespearean, Gogolian, Molierian, Shevchenkian.

The suffix -ik (-nick, -nick) retains a vowel sound when declined, the suffix -ek has a fluent vowel. For example:

a) a table - a table, a finger - a finger, a schoolboy - a schoolboy;

b) edge - edge, leaflet - leaflet, cornflower - cornflower, ravine - ravine. 2.

In masculine nouns, -ets is written (with a fluent vowel), in feminine nouns -its, in nouns

neuter ec> if the stress falls on the syllable after the suffix,

and -itz if the accent precedes the suffix. For example:

a) mountaineer - mountaineer, European - European;

b) owner, beauty, sleet, hard worker;

c) coat, letter, armchair, pl The suffix -ichk- is written in feminine nouns formed from words with the suffix -ііі(-, in other cases the suffix -echk- is written. For example:

a) ladder - ladder, button - button;

b) pawn, threesome; Vanechka, Zoechka; time, health.

Note 1. Forms like Fenichka (according to Turgenev) refer to

number of obsolete

Note 2. There is no unstressed suffix -yachk- in Russian.

Note 3. In abbreviated male names ending in -»k, k is preserved in their diminutive forms, for example: Edichka (from Edik), Alichka (from Alik), Dodichka (from Dodik). four.

The combination -ink- is written in nouns formed from feminine words in -in-a; the combination -enk- is written in nouns with the suffix -k- from feminine words ending in -la and -na, in which the soft sign at the end is not written in the genitive plural (see § 36, paragraph four). For example:

a) hollow-hollow, blockage-blockage;

b) cherry-cherry cherry, pine-pine-pine.

Note. The combination -enk- is also written in some animated feminine nouns with a different education, for example: sissy, beggar, Frenchwoman, nun; also ryazhenka. 5.

In affectionate names, nouns it is written:

a) the suffix -onk-, less often -spruce * - after solid consonants, for example: birch-birch, fox-fox, Marfa-Marfenka;

b) the suffix -enk-after soft consonants, hissing and vowels, for example: Katya-Katenka, cloud-cloud, Zoya-Zoenka.

Note. There are no suffixes -yiiys-, -ayayk-, in the modern literary language; the striped, fox, Marfinka, Lyubinka, Anninka, etc. forms are found only in the works of the classics and in folklore.

Exceptions: goodbye, hare, goodbye. 6.

In nouns with the meaning of a person by occupation, it is written:

a) the suffix -nick-after the consonants d, t, z, s, zh, for example: traveler, bookbinder, carrier, peddler, defector. Before the suffix -chik, the final consonants of the stems k, c, h are replaced by t.

b) the suffix chtsik-after other consonants, for example: attendant, bricklayer, welder, puncher.

Note I. In some words with foreign roots, chvrog is written after m if it is preceded by two consonants, for example: alimony, pawnbroker, flute.

Note 2. Before chtsik plowed b only after l, for example: roofer, textile worker. 7.

The spelling of chte (chishe, -epie) or -nye (chshye, -ene) in the suffixes of verbal nouns is associated either with a semantic difference or with stylistic differentiation. one)

In semantic terms, they differ: boiling, baking, salting (process, the same as “cooking”, “baking”, “salting” - jam, cookies, pickles (the result of the process, product); resurrection (action on the verb to resurrect) - Sunday (day of the week); salary (award, award) - salary (cash remuneration for work), etc. 2)

Book words are written with the suffix chshe, everyday words with the suffix -ne, for example:

a) education, achievement, slowdown, eradication, formation, prosperity, differentiation, declination, adoption, formation, division, phenomenon;

b) floundering, running, cooing, twitching, croaking, grunting, yapping, snorting, spitting, giggling, champing, chirping, hissing, clicking.

8. The spelling of words with rare suffixes is checked in a dictionary, for example: turtledove, mosquito, sister-in-law.

Words with face meaning

This is a very large semantic group. All the words in it denote a person by his activity, occupation, profession.

If these are males, they have the suffix -nick-, examples of such words: boatman, tanner, gardener, forester, pupil, repairman, dirty trick, robber, agrarian, altynnik, apparatchik, balalaika player, pamperer, baluster, baranochnik, horse dealer, shoemaker , white ticket, towpath, bead, fornicator, bribe taker, hangman, out of turn, water worker, military leader, magician, freedman, godfather, eighties, eighth grader, rider, repeater, second grader, sophomore, graduate, eyeball, goloshtannik, hunter, miner, potter, mayor , sinner, sinner, mushroom picker, summer resident, janitor, ninth-grader, tenth-grader, foreman, graduate student, debtor, pre-conscript, road worker, preschooler, defender, pickpocket, convict, filmmaker, bricklayer, slanderer, collective farmer, nomad, seditious, krovnik, hooker, magician , puppeteer, cultural worker, resort visitor, health worker, miller, rider, classmate, excellent student, gunsmith, submarine worker, scout, libertine, razluchnik, p minder, detective, schismatic, libertine, warrior, interlocutor, adviser, satellite, prisoner, conjurer, artist, ditty, cup, misanthrope, warlock, fourth-grader, fourth-year student, shock-worker, glutton, cobbler, hat-maker, sharomyzhnik, sixth-grader, tire worker, schoolboy, a skinner, a saddler, a swordsman, a skirter, a sneaker, a heathen.

If these are females, the nouns denoting them have the morpheme -nits-: teacher, interlocutor, woman in labor, charmer, witness, worker, mistress, sorcerer, etc.

Words for plants

There are nouns in Russian with the suffix -nik-, denoting a plant or a place where it grows.

For example: barberry, birch, vineyard, cherry, wolfberry, lichen, blackhead; vetelnik, bryozoan, alder, gooseberry, sunflower, broom, currant, raspberry, strawberry, blueberry, lingonberry, spruce, aspen, wren, buckthorn, hazel, dog rose, barley, berry.

Words that mean household items

Words with the suffix -nik- (-nits-) denote dishes or some other things that are in the house. Examples of these words: a teapot, a salad bowl, a teapot, a coffee pot, a saucepan, a washstand, a gravy boat, a washbasin, a pepper pot, a tureen, a biscuit bowl, a duckling.

There is a group of words with the meaning of a device, a tool: an alarm clock, a guide, a water collector, a water sump, an extinguisher, a thermometer, a milker, a lift, a garbage collector, a collar, a radio receiver, a boiler, a refrigerator, a freezer, a soldering iron, a candlestick.

A special group is made up of words that name food or meals: evening, afternoon snack, potato pancake, kurnik, gingerbread, pickle, cheesecake.

It is possible to single out a category of words denoting premises and buildings: an upper room, a stall, a sennik, a pigsty, a cowshed, a chicken coop, a calf house.

The suffix -nik- also forms words with the meaning "clothes": letnik, quilted jacket, oversleeve, sweatshirt, underwear, kosoklininik.

Words formed by the prefix-suffix method

Some words that have the suffix -nick- are formed by the simultaneous addition of a prefix and a suffix. These words also have a substantive meaning:

• an object located below something: a window sill, an armrest, a cup holder, a headrest.
• an object covering something: a headpiece, a tip, a knob, an armlet, a kneecap, a muzzle, headphones.
• a person who does not have anything: stowaway, unmercenary, horseless, shameless, homeless, spineless, atheist, dowryless.
• people or objects located along something: border guard, plantain.

The subject meaning of such words is formed with the help of a suffix, and the spatial meaning is introduced by a prefix.

How to distinguish between the suffixes -nik- and -ik-.

What is the suffix in the word, for example, mechanic? If you say that -nickname-, then it will be erroneous. In the word mechanic, the word-forming morpheme is -ik-. To prove this, it is necessary to make a word-formation analysis: a mechanic is a person who has the ability to handle mechanisms, there is a letter “n” in the producing basis. From this it follows that the suffix here is -ik-.

According to the same principle, the same morpheme -ik-, and not -nik-, is distinguished in the word "sandstone", since the originating word is sandy. And at the heart of this word there is a letter "n".

And in the word lichen, unambiguously, the suffix -nickname-. It is derived from the word "deprive". As you can see, there is no letter “n” in the basis of this word.

How double consonants HH appear in nouns

A double consonant in a word appears, as a rule, at the junction of morphemes, unless, of course, the word is of foreign origin. This means that one "n" refers to the stem of the generating word, and the second "n" is the first letter of the suffix. You can cite as an example the words with -nick-: bannik (bathhouse), wanderer (country), chosen one (chosen one), guard (guard), fable (fable), root (root), supporter (side), birthday man (name day), swindler (purse), elderberry (elderberry), insomnia (sleep), woodpile (log).

Difficulty may arise when distinguishing the suffix -nick- or -n- and -ik:

Consider examples: guard - protection (-nick-), chosen one - chosen one (-ik-). What should be learned in this case? A very simple circumstance: -nik- is used when a noun is formed from another noun, and -ik- produces a noun from an adjective or participle.

Here are examples of words where the suffix is ​​-nick- or -n- and -ik:

• -nick-: squad-nick (druzhina - n.), rowan-nick (rowan - n.), arshin-nick (arshin - n.), votchin-nick (estate - n.)
• -n + -ik: hryvnia-n-ik (hryvnia - adj.), con-n-ik (horse - adj.), root-n-ik (root - adj.), captive-n-ik (prisoner - adj.), sacred-n-ik (sacred - adj.), own-n-ik (own - adj.), public-n-ik (public - adj.), sent-n-ik (sent - pl. ), production-n-ik (production - adj.), related-n-ik (related - adj.), seed-n-ik (seed - adj.), modern-n-ik (modern - adj.), expelled-n-ik (expelled - adj.)

Words with one "n"

One letter "n" is written for nouns that are formed from adjectives or participles with one letter "n". Examples of words in which one letter n is written: varen-ik (boiled), windy-ik (windy), gostin-its-a (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), hemp-ik (hemp), bone-ik -a (bone), maslen-its-a (oily), peat-ik (peat).

Suffix -nick- in English

This suffix with the words "satellite" and "beatnik" got into English. The whole world knows the first word after the launch of the first satellite of the Earth.

The second word is associated with the name of the journalist Herba Cain, who proposed calling the generation of broken youth the word “beatniks”.

Thus, the Russian suffix got into the English language and formed in it a whole nest of words with the meaning of a person adhering to a certain style of behavior.

In English, he gives words a derisive, disparaging meaning. This property is common in relation to borrowings, remember Leo Tolstoy: he used the French language to characterize his negative characters negatively.

About two dozen English words have the suffix "nick". Examples of some of them:

• neatnik - taking care of himself;
• peacenik - opposed to war;
• refusenik - travel restrictions;
• protestnik - protester;
• draftnik - called up for military service;
• Vietnik - served in Vietnam;
• folknik - a fan of folklore;
• nudnik - a boring person;
• no-goodnik - an unworthy person from whom nothing good is expected;
• Freudnik - a follower of Freud;
• Goethenik - admirer of Goethe;
• detentenik - supporter of detente;
• computernik - a fan of computer technology;
• real-estatenik - real estate dealer;
• sitnik is a follower of Buddhism.

Thus, there is a suffix -nik- in Russian, which has made a good career in English speech.