As a rule, it is mathematics, and not physics, that is considered to be the queen of the exact sciences. We believe that this statement is disputable, because technical progress is impossible without knowledge of physics and its development. Due to its complexity, it is unlikely to ever be included in the list of mandatory state exams, but, one way or another, applicants for technical specialties have to take it without fail. The most difficult thing to remember are the numerous laws and formulas in physics for the Unified State Examination, and we will talk about them in this article.

Secrets of preparation

Perhaps this is due to the apparent complexity of the subject or the popularity of humanitarian and managerial professions, but in 2016 only 24% of all applicants decided to take physics, in 2017 - only 16%. Such statistics involuntarily make one wonder if the requirements are too high or if the level of intelligence in the country is falling. For some reason, I can’t believe that so few 11th grade students want to become:

• engineers;
• jewelers;
• aircraft designers;
• geologists;
• pyrotechnics;
• environmentalists,
• production technologists, etc.

Knowledge of the formulas and laws of physics is equally necessary for developers of intelligent systems, computers, equipment and weapons. At the same time, everything is interconnected. So, for example, specialists producing medical equipment once studied an in-depth course in atomic physics, because without isotope separation, we will not have either X-ray equipment or radiation therapy. Therefore, the creators of the USE tried to take into account all the topics of the school course and, it seems, did not miss a single one.

Those students who regularly attended all physics lessons up to the last call know that about 450 formulas are studied in the period from grade 5 to grade 11. It is extremely difficult to single out at least 50 of these four and a half hundred, since they are all important. This opinion is apparently also shared by the developers of the Codifier. However, if you are unusually gifted and not limited in time, 19 formulas will be enough for you, because if you wish, you can derive all the rest from them. As a basis, we decided to take the main sections:

• mechanics;
• molecular physics;
• electromagnetism and electricity;
• optics;
• atomic physics.

Obviously, preparation for the exam should be daily, but if for some reason you started studying all the material just now, the express course offered by our center can make a real miracle. We hope these 19 formulas will also be useful to you:

You probably noticed that some formulas in physics for passing the exam were left without explanation? We leave it to you to study them and discover for yourself the laws by which absolutely everything is done in this world.

The Unified State Exam covers information on the entire course of physics from grades 7 to 11. However, if some formulas in physics for the Unified State Examination are well remembered on their own, others have to be worked on. We will look at some formulas that are useful for solving various problems.

Kinematics

Let's start traditionally with kinematics. A common mistake here is the incorrect calculation of the average speed of non-uniform rectilinear motion. In this case, they try to solve problems using the arithmetic mean. However, everything is not so simple. The arithmetic mean is only a special case. And to find the average speed of movement, there is a useful formula:

where S is the entire path traveled by the body in a certain time t.

Molecular Kinetic Theory (MKT)

MKT can set many insidious "traps" for an inattentive student. To avoid this, you need to be fluent in physics formulas for the exam in this area.

Let's start with the Mendeleev-Clapeyron law, which is used for ideal gases. It sounds like this:

where p is the gas pressure,

V is the volume it occupies,

n is the amount of gas,

R is the universal gas constant,

T is temperature.

Pay attention to examples of problems with the application of this law.

Everyone knows what humidity is. Relative humidity values ​​are reported daily in the media. The formula for the exam is: here f is the relative humidity of the air,

ρ is the density of water vapor in the air,

ρ0 is the density of saturated vapor at a specific temperature.

This last value is a table value, so it must be in the task condition.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch quite close to the MKT, so many concepts intersect. Thermodynamics is based on two principles. Almost every problem in this area requires knowledge and application of the first law of thermodynamics, expressed by the formula

This is formulated as follows:

The amount of heat Q that was received by the system is spent on doing work A on external bodies and changing ΔU of the internal energy of this system.

Strength of Archimedes

Finally, let's talk about the behavior of bodies immersed in a liquid. Obviously, each of them is affected by gravity, directed vertically downwards. But in a liquid, all bodies weigh less. This is due to the partial compensation of gravity by the oppositely directed force of Archimedes. Its value is Thus, this force, trying to push the body out of the liquid, depends on the density of the same liquid and the volume of the part of the body immersed in it. The Archimedes force also acts in gases, but due to the insignificance of the density of gases, it is usually neglected.

The USE tests a student's knowledge in various fields of physics. Formulas for the exam in physics contribute to the successful solution of problems (you can use) and a general understanding of the basic physical processes.

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1 Formulas in physics that are recommended to be learned and mastered well for the successful passing of the exam. Version: 0.92β. Compiled by: Vaulin D.N. References: 1. Peryshkin A.V. Physics grade 7. Textbook for educational institutions. 13th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Peryshkin A.V. Physics grade 8. Textbook for educational institutions. 12th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Peryshkin A.V., Gutnik E.M. Physics grade 9. Textbook for educational institutions. 14th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya. etc. Physics. Mechanics grade 10. profile level. Textbook for educational institutions. 11th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z. Physics. Molecular physics. Thermodynamics grade 10. profile level. Textbook for educational institutions. 13th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z., Slobodskov B.A. Physics. Electrodynamics classes. profile level. Textbook for educational institutions. 11th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z. Physics. Oscillations and waves Grade 11. profile level. Textbook for educational institutions. 9th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z. Physics. Optics. Quantum physics grade 11. profile level. Textbook for educational institutions. 9th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Formulas in bold are worth learning when formulas not highlighted in bold are already perfectly mastered. 7th grade. 1. Average speed: 2. Density: 3. Hooke's law: 4. Gravity:

2 5. Pressure: 6. Pressure of the liquid column: 7. Archimedean force: 8. Mechanical work: 9. Power of doing work: 10. Moment of force: 11. Coefficient of performance (COP) of the mechanism: 12. Potential energy at constant: 13 .Kinetic energy: Grade 8. 14. The amount of heat required for heating: 15. The amount of heat released during combustion: 16. The amount of heat required for melting:

3 17. Relative air humidity: 18. Amount of heat required for vaporization: 19. Efficiency of a heat engine: 20. Useful work of a heat engine: 21. Law of conservation of charge: 22. Current: 23. Voltage: 24. Resistance: 25. Total resistance of the series connection of conductors: 26. Total resistance of the parallel connection of conductors: 27. Ohm's law for the circuit section:

4 28. Electric current power: 29. Joule-Lenz law: 30. Light reflection law: 31. Light refraction law: 32. Optical power of the lens: class 9. 33. Dependence of speed on time with uniformly accelerated motion: 34. Dependence of the radius vector on time with uniformly accelerated motion: 35. Newton's second law: 36. Newton's third law: 37. Law of universal gravitation:

5 38. Centripetal acceleration: 39. Momentum: 40. Law of energy change: 41. Relationship of period and frequency: 42. Relationship of wavelength and frequency: 43. Law of change of momentum: 44. Ampère's law: 45. Energy of the magnetic field of current: 46 Transformer formula: 47 RMS current: 48 RMS voltage:

6 49. Charge of a capacitor: 50. Capacitance of a flat capacitor: 51. Total capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel: 52. Energy of the electric field of a capacitor: 53. Thompson's formula: 54. Photon energy: 55. Absorption of a photon by an atom: 56. Communication of mass and energy: 1. Absorbed radiation dose: 2. Equivalent radiation dose:

7 57. Law of radioactive decay: Grade 10. 58. Angular velocity: 59. Relationship of speed with angular: 60. The law of addition of velocities: 61. Sliding friction force: 62. Resting friction force: 3. Environmental resistance force: [ 63. Potential energy of an extended spring: 4. Radius vector of the center of mass :

8 64. Amount of substance: 65. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation: 66. Basic equation of molecular kinetic theory: 67. Particle concentration: 68. Relationship between average kinetic energy of particles and gas temperature: 69. Gas internal energy: 70. Gas work: 71 First law of thermodynamics: 72. Efficiency of Carnot machine: 5. Thermal linear expansion: 6. Thermal volumetric expansion:

9 73. Coulomb's law: 74. Electric field strength: 75. Electric field strength of a point charge: 7. Electric field strength flux: 8. Gauss theorem: 76. Potential charge energy at constant: 77. Potential energy of interaction of bodies: 78. Potential energy of interaction of charges: 79. Potential: 80. Potential difference: 81. Relation of the intensity of a homogeneous electric field and voltage:

10 82. Total capacitance of series-connected capacitors: 83. Dependence of resistivity on temperature: 84. Kirchhoff's first rule: 85. Ohm's law for a complete circuit: 86. Kirchhoff's second rule: 87. Faraday's law: class 11. 9. Law of Biot-Savart-Laplace: 10. Magnetic induction of an endless wire: 88. Lorentz force:

11 89. Magnetic flux: 90. The law of electromagnetic induction: 91. Inductance: 92. The dependence of a quantity that changes according to a harmonic law on time: 93. The dependence of the rate of change of a quantity that changes according to a harmonic law on time: 94. The dependence of the acceleration of a change in a quantity that changes according to the harmonic law of time: 95. Period of oscillation of a thread pendulum: 96. Period of oscillation of a spring pendulum: 11. Capacitance: 12. Inductive resistance:

12 13. AC resistance: 97. Thin lens formula: 98. Interference maximum condition: 99. Interference minimum condition: 14. Lorentz transformation of coordinates: 15. Lorentz transformation of time: 16. Relativistic law of velocity addition: 100. Body mass dependence on speed: 17. Relativistic relationship between energy and momentum:

13 101. Photoelectric effect equation: 102. Photoelectric effect red border: 103. De Broglie wavelength:

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In order to successfully prepare for the CT in Physics and Mathematics, among other things, three critical conditions must be met:

1. Study all the topics and complete all the tests and tasks given in the study materials on this site. To do this, you need nothing at all, namely: to devote three to four hours every day to preparing for the CT in physics and mathematics, studying theory and solving problems. The fact is that the CT is an exam where it is not enough just to know physics or mathematics, you also need to be able to quickly and without failures solve a large number of problems on various topics and varying complexity. The latter can only be learned by solving thousands of problems.
2. Learn all formulas and laws in physics, and formulas and methods in mathematics. In fact, it is also very simple to do this, there are only about 200 necessary formulas in physics, and even a little less in mathematics. In each of these subjects there are about a dozen standard methods for solving problems of a basic level of complexity, which can also be learned, and thus, completely automatically and without difficulty, solve most of the digital transformation at the right time. After that, you will only have to think about the most difficult tasks.
3. Attend all three stages of rehearsal testing in physics and mathematics. Each RT can be visited twice to solve both options. Again, on the DT, in addition to the ability to quickly and efficiently solve problems, and the knowledge of formulas and methods, it is also necessary to be able to properly plan time, distribute forces, and most importantly fill out the answer form correctly, without confusing either the numbers of answers and tasks, or your own surname. Also, during the RT, it is important to get used to the style of posing questions in tasks, which may seem very unusual to an unprepared person on the DT.

Successful, diligent and responsible implementation of these three points will allow you to show an excellent result on the CT, the maximum of what you are capable of.

Found an error?

If you, as it seems to you, found an error in the training materials, then please write about it by mail. You can also write about the error on the social network (). In the letter, indicate the subject (physics or mathematics), the name or number of the topic or test, the number of the task, or the place in the text (page) where, in your opinion, there is an error. Also describe what the alleged error is. Your letter will not go unnoticed, the error will either be corrected, or you will be explained why it is not a mistake.

Absolutely necessary so that a person who decides to study this science, armed with them, can feel in the world of physics like a fish in water. Without knowing the formulas, it is unthinkable to solve problems in physics. But it is almost impossible to remember all the formulas and it is important to know, especially for a young mind, where to find this or that formula and when to apply it.

The location of physical formulas in specialized textbooks is usually distributed among the corresponding sections among text information, so searching for them there can take quite a lot of time, and even more so if you suddenly need them urgently!

Presented below physics cheat sheets contain all the basic formulas from the course of physics that will be useful to students of schools and universities.

All formulas of the school course in physics from the site http://4ege.ru
I. Kinematics download
1. Basic concepts
2. Laws of addition of velocities and accelerations
3. Normal and tangential accelerations
4. Types of movements
4.1. Uniform movement
4.1.1. Uniform rectilinear motion
4.1.2. Uniform circular motion
4.2. Movement with constant acceleration
4.2.1. Uniformly accelerated motion
4.2.2. Uniformly slow motion
4.3. harmonic movement
II. Dynamics download
1. Newton's second law
2. The theorem on the motion of the center of mass
3. Newton's third law
4. Forces
5. Gravitational force
6. Forces acting through contact
III. Conservation laws. Work and power download
1. Momentum of a material point
2. Momentum of the system of material points
3. Theorem on the change in momentum of a material point
4. Theorem on the change in the momentum of a system of material points
5. Law of conservation of momentum
6. Work force
7. Power
8. Mechanical energy
9. Mechanical energy theorem
10. Law of conservation of mechanical energy
11. Dissipative forces
12. Methods for calculating work
13. Time Average Force
IV. Download statics and hydrostatics
1. Equilibrium conditions
2. Torque
3. Unstable balance, stable balance, indifferent balance
4. Center of mass, center of gravity
5. Force of hydrostatic pressure
6. Fluid pressure
7. Pressure at any point in the liquid
8, 9. Pressure in a homogeneous fluid at rest
10. Archimedean force
V. Thermal phenomena download
1. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
2. Dalton's Law
3. Basic equation of the MKT
4. Gas laws
5. First law of thermodynamics
6. Adiabatic process
7. Efficiency of a cyclic process (heat engine)
8. Saturated steam
VI. Electrostatics download
1. Coulomb's law
2. Principle of superposition
3. Electric field
3.1. The strength and potential of the electric field created by one point charge Q
3.2. The intensity and potential of the electric field created by a system of point charges Q1, Q2, ...
3.3. The intensity and potential of the electric field created by a ball uniformly charged over the surface
3.4. Strength and potential of a uniform electric field (created by a uniformly charged plane or a flat capacitor)
4. Potential energy of a system of electric charges
5. Electricity
6. Properties of a conductor in an electric field
VII. DC download
1.Ordered speed
2. Current
3. Current density
4. Ohm's law for a circuit section that does not contain EMF
5. Ohm's law for a circuit section containing EMF
6. Ohm's law for a complete (closed) circuit
7. Series connection of conductors
8. Parallel connection of conductors
9. Work and power of electric current
10. Efficiency of the electrical circuit
11. The condition for the allocation of maximum power to the load
12. Faraday's law for electrolysis
VIII. Magnetic phenomena download
1. Magnetic field
2. Movement of charges in a magnetic field
3. Frame with current in a magnetic field
4. Magnetic fields created by various currents
5. Interaction of currents
6. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
7. The phenomenon of self-induction
IX. Oscillations and waves download
1. Fluctuations, definitions
2. Harmonic vibrations
3. The simplest oscillatory systems
4. Wave
X. Optics download
1. Law of reflection
2. Law of refraction
3. Lens
4. Image
5. Possible cases of the location of the subject
6. Interference
7. Diffraction

Big physics cheat sheet. All formulas are presented in a compact form with a few comments. The cheat sheet also contains useful constants and other information. The file contains the following sections of physics:

Mechanics (kinematics, dynamics and statics)


Molecular physics. Properties of gases and liquids


Thermodynamics


Electrical and electromagnetic phenomena


Electrodynamics. D.C


Electromagnetism


Vibrations and waves. Optics. Acoustics


Quantum physics and the theory of relativity

Small spur on physics. Everything you need for the exam. Cutting the basic formulas in physics on one page. Not very aesthetically pleasing, but practical. :-)