The fable tells how the Fly rode quietly on the horns of the Bull. He could hardly drag himself with a plow from the field on which he plowed. And on the way they met another Fly.

A bull with a plow dragged to rest

by labor;

And the fly sat on his horns,

And they met Mukha on the road.

At the meeting, another Fly asked where they were wandering from, barely and so tired. The fly that sat on the horns of the bull answered that they were plowing.

"Where are you from, sister?" -

from this was the question,

And she raised her nose

In response, she says: “Where? We plowed!

There is a moral at the end of this fable. And it lies in the fact that from a fable you can always get to were. A fable was sometimes called something that was invented. Byl, on the contrary, speaks of what actually happened. Therefore, the author says that fiction and fiction can eventually turn into an event that actually happened. And as if in confirmation of his words, the author asks if we have ever heard such words. For example, when a lazy person says that “we” did something, while he himself did not put any effort into it.

From the fable forever

Inadvertently you reach were.

Have you ever heard

"We shot down! We've decided!"

In Dmitriev's fable, there is a contrast between labor and idleness. And we note that there is absolutely no caustic satire (denouncing ridicule subjected to severe criticism) and indignant laughter in it.

However, the fabulist finds completely different ways and techniques to illustrate important moral truths.

The material for the fable was a case from peasant life. It is known that the work of the peasant has always been very difficult and unbearable. Horses or bulls helped them plow the land. One of these workers is represented in Dmitriev's fable. He trudges home, because he is immensely tired of labor day. But in the work, the fabulist shows not only the hard worker Bull, but also the lazy person, whose image is embodied in the Fly. She sat on the horns all this time and, accordingly, did nothing. But when she meets another Fly, she attributes all the merit only to herself, although she is well aware that she has not lifted a finger for all this time. Mukha hides her idleness behind boasting, and at the same time she ascribes to herself merits that she did not commit. The fabulist vividly expresses boastfulness in the fact that Fly turned up her nose from her importance and invaluable act.

Probably, many of you have heard such an expression as "We plowed", which eventually became winged. We often use it in speech when we want to talk about a person who, without doing anything, ascribes to himself the merits and labors of others. And with such a generalization that sounds like morality, the fabulist makes it clear that this is not an isolated case. And it can refer not only to the labor of the peasant. Anyone can take his place.

It is precisely in morality that the light, but no less reproachful laughter of the fabulist over laziness and boasting is visible.

Answers to school textbooks

Fables: I. Krylov "Dragonfly and Ant", "Monkey and Glasses", "Quartet", I. Khemnitser "Dragonfly", "Friends", L. Tolstoy "Dragonfly and Ants", A. Izmailov "Cuckoo", I. Dmitriev "Fly".

2. How do you distinguish a fable from a fairy tale, story and poem? Give examples and compare.

Fable- poetry or prose literary work moralizing, satirical. At the end of the fable there is a brief moralizing conclusion - the so-called morality.
The actors are usually animals, plants, things. In the fable, the vices of people are ridiculed.

Story- this is a fictional story with a happy ending and the obligatory victory of good over evil, this is a more voluminous work with a detailed plot.

Story- it small form narrative prose. At the heart of the story, as a rule, one incident from the life of the hero. The plot of the story is simple, the composition is a direct sequence of events, the number of characters is small. Events develop dynamically, everything happens in a short period of time.

Poem- This is a short poetic work written in rhythmic speech.

3. Remember Aesop's fables. How do they differ from the fables of I.A. Krylova, I.I. Khemnitzer?

Aesop's Fables: "The Crow and the Fox", "The Fox and the Grape". The main difference between Aesop's fables relates to the external structure of the text: Aesop's fables are written in prose, I.A. Krylov and I.I. Khemnitser - in verse.

4. Remember what fables these words are from, which have become proverbs.

“And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,
You're not good at being musicians." - I. Krylov "Quartet"
"And Vaska listens and eats." - I. Krylov "The Cat and the Cook".
“What are the gossips to consider working,
Isn't it better to turn on yourself, godfather. - I. Krylov "Mirror and Monkey".
"Everyone calls each other,
And the fraternal cart goes to the bottom. - I. Khemnitser "Men".
“I’ll sit higher on a bitch.
Well, listen now:
Coo-coo, coo-coo, coo-coo." - A. Izmailov "Cuckoo".
"And nothing has changed". - I. Krylov "Swan, Cancer and Pike".

5. Remember and name the names of Russian fabulists.

Fabulists: Ivan Andreevich Krylov, Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, Alexander Efimovich Izmailov, Ivan Ivanovich Khemnitser. Leo Tolstoy also wrote fables.

6. Name the fables and their heroes from the illustrations. Read the one you like.

1) A. Izmailov "Cuckoo".

2) I. Dmitriev "Fly".

3) I. Krylov "Swan, Cancer and Pike".

7. Read the proverbs. Which one can be the moral of the fable? Name the fables and prove the correctness of your choice.

1) You won’t recognize a friend without trouble - the fable of I. Khemnitser “Men”;

2) As it comes around, it will respond - I. Krylov's fable "Dragonfly and Ant";

3) The well-fed does not understand the hungry - I. Krylov's fable "The Wolf and the Lamb";

4) Fomushka has money - Fomushka, Foma;

Fomushka has no money - Fomka, Foma. - I. Krylov's fable "The Crow and the Fox";

5) Every song has its end - I. Krylov "The Wolf in the Kennel";

8. Choose the hero of the fable and try to tell the story that happened to him on his behalf.

The story may be like this: “Listen to me, friends, I - the Cuckoo - flew in from afar, and there I heard the Nightingale singing. From his singing, your heart stops, your head spins, and you forget everything in the world. But I also learned to sing wonderfully. Listen to it: "Coo-coo, coo-coo, coo-coo."

“We plowed” is a catch phrase that characterizes the actions of idlers who attribute to themselves the achievements of others. Its source is work XIX century. But this phrase has not lost its topicality even after two hundred years. Dmitriev's fable "The Fly" is a small moralizing work, which, like other works in this genre, will always be relevant.

Russian fabulist

First of all, the surname Krylov is associated with the fable in Russian. But the creator of not only wonderful songs and fairy tales, but also instructive poems was the Fable "Fly" - this is one of his translations from French. Like other works created in a genre that has its origins in ancient literature, it is an adornment of the work of the Russian poet. The work is distinguished by a light language, which is more characteristic of the post-Pushkin era. Dmitriev's translation has free and smooth versification.

Satire and plot

Satire occupied an important place in the creative activity of this author. He, as a rule, sent it to mediocre writers of long odes. In the days of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, there were plenty of such graphomaniacs. But - and this is confirmed by Dmitriev's fable "The Fly" - a simple human vice does not change its face. Idleness, stupidity and boasting met in Pushkin's times and appear in the same form in modern people.

The fable tells how the bull-worker returns after hard work to a well-deserved rest. And a fly sits imperturbably on his horns. When she meets her friend, she boasts of the labors she allegedly recently completed. short phrase“We plowed” the heroine of the fable throws, as it were, by the way, not only convincing her interlocutor, but as if she herself is confident that she is a participant in the work performed.

Translation of a work by a French author

It is known that Russian writers of fables drew plots in their work. There are several opinions on the basis of what primary source Dmitriev's fable "The Fly" was created. However, the authors who worked in this genre were united by the fact that their translations were distinguished by a free style. If we assume that Dmitriev's work is borrowed from the work of the French poet La Fontaine, then the content of The Fly is closest to the fable The Fly and the Travelers.

This work is also translated by Ivan Krylov. But in the performance of Dmitriev, the fly is not so intrusive and active. She carelessly placed herself on the horns of a bull returning from a plow after righteous labors. What the boastful heroine of the poem did before is unknown. But, having met her sister, to the question of where the path leads from, she casually throws the phrase: “Where from? We plowed." In these words self-confidence is hidden, the desire to ascribe to oneself other people's merits. The character of Krylov has a more restless character. Here the main vices are stupidity and excessive fuss.

Aesop's translation

Lafontaine was not the creator. He wrote his works on the basis of the writings of an ancient Greek author, whose existence is still in doubt today. This semi-legendary poet still owns the fable "Flies". It tells of greed that leads to death. The meaning of this ancient work can be reduced to the wise words of Petrarch: "Know the limit of lust." The fable "Fly" has a different moralizing purpose. Dmitriev invested in his little poem a satirical look at the combination of such unattractive human qualities as cunning, stupidity, laziness, deceit, boasting. A mixture of these vices in one of his interlocutors met at least once every person.

The uniqueness of the fable

The fable "The Fly" is unique in content. Dmitriev may have translated the work of one of the French authors, who, in turn, used ancient Greek sources, but he did it very subtly and skillfully. Human imperfections are equally unsightly at all times. The Russian poet, thanks to his light style, conveyed such subtle shades that one can hardly find anything identical in world literature.

Dmitriev's style

Dmitriev's fable "The Fly" is very laconic. In order to convey the main idea, the author needed only ten lines. The moral of the fable "Fly" Dmitriev brought in one phrase. The poet in the moralizing ending says that this is often found in life. And, as if addressing the reader, he asks if he has ever heard self-praise that has no basis. He denounces bragging and laziness on the example of the behavior of his heroine, endowing her with exceptionally common human vices. Dmitriev formulated the moral of the fable "The Fly" in four lines, where he summed up his satire on people suffering from swearing and idleness.

More than eighty works in the moralizing genre were created by Ivan Dmitriev. The fable "Fly", despite the small volume, is one of the most striking. It should be noted that this work has been translated into German which speaks of its uniqueness. Similar satirical poems took shape in French literature. But further development received in the literatures of other countries.

Instead of an afterword

One of the creators of works in an original style, which can be conditionally called the "Russian fable" genre, is I. I. Dmitriev. "The Fly" is an essay that, along with the works of other Russian satirists, should be known to the modern reader. By ridiculing shortcomings, a short narrative performs an important moral function. After all, as long as there are people in the world who prefer not to act, but only to be close to those who work, Dmitriev's fable "The Fly" will not lose its relevance.

Reading

Topic: Krylov "The Fly and the Bee".

Goals:

1. Continue the study of creativity and the improvement of conscious correct and expressive reading.

2. Develop oral speech, thought processes, Attention.

3. Cultivate positive qualities of character, intolerance for laziness.

Materials and equipment: textbook, portrait of a fabulist, illustrations from fables, excerpts from fables, proverbs, multimedia presentation.

During the classes

1. Organizing time.

2. Psychological setting.

Look at the screen

learn the fable from the passages:

« How many times have they told the world

That flattery is vile, harmful: but only everything is not good,

And in the heart the flatterer will always find a corner.

"A Crow and a fox"

What fable is the moral from? What human vices does the author make fun of?

“And you friends don’t sit down

All musicians are no good.

"Quartet"

- Who is this fable making fun of? (talentless musicians)

3. Checking the house. tasks.

Guys, with the works of which poet-fabulist did we get acquainted in the last lessons?

What is a fable?

What is the moral of a fable?

What was given at home?

Expressive reading of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" - Group III

Reading by heart an excerpt - I and II group.

What is the moral of this fable? Whose opinion is this? What judges did Krylov have in mind?

4.Main part:

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with the fable "The Fly and the Bee". Write down the topic of the lesson.

Listen carefully to the fable and say, what human vice the author makes fun of.

Reading a fable by a teacher.

Students answer the question (what human vice does the author ridicule?)

5. physical minute

gymnastics for the eyes

Reading the fable by students in paragraphs.

Questions:

Where and when did the Fly see the Bee?

What was the fly doing in the garden?

How do you understand the following words?

- haughty - arrogant, arrogant

- withered - withered, became frail.

What kind of life did the Fly begin to tell the Bee?

What is the paradise life of the Fly?

- Noble - noble and rich

- favoring the tender floor -

What did the bee say to the fly?

Did you upset the words of the Bee Muhu? Why do you think so?

Who are the main characters in this fable?

You think so?

Selective reading.

Bee - what? (Hardworking, smart, kind).

Which words show that the bee is hardworking, works from morning to

Who says these words?

What shade does the Fly give to these words: does she praise the bee or

condemns?

Fly - what? (Lazy, boastful, impudent, stupid).

What kind of lifestyle does Mukha lead?

How does the fly imagine paradise life.

Reading the fable and students by roles ( author, fly, bee)

The rest listen carefully, and after reading the fable, say which of the guys correctly conveyed the speech of the heroes.

What does Krylov condemn in this fable?

What is the moral of this fable? Say in your own words and support with words from the text.

Many expressions from Krylov's fables have become proverbs and sayings. The people also composed proverbs and sayings about work, friendship, and learning.

Look carefully at the board, read the proverbs. Think and say: To which character do these expressions refer?

Peace drinks water, and restlessness drinks honey.

Walking is amazing, lazy to work.

If you follow a bee, you will reach honey.

If you follow a fly, you will reach manure.

What do these proverbs teach? What kind of people should we be according to Krylov?

7 . House. exercise

I - Gr excerpt by heart.

Outcome:

What fable did you meet in class?

What kind negative traits makes fun of Krylov?

Public lesson reading in 8th grade

Topic:

"The Fly and the Bee"