Today, you will not surprise anyone with publications about Yeltsin's successors and Putin's possible heirs. But few people know that such issues were also discussed at the meetings of the Politburo of the times of Joseph Stalin. Moreover, there was already the coming of the “St. Petersburg” to Moscow, and they talked about moving the capital back to the banks of the Neva ...

The surname of Stalin's successor is, according to statistics, the most common in Russia. Kuznetsov.

This year marks the 100th anniversary of his birth. He led the besieged Leningrad. But the most high point in his dizzying career was the meeting of the Politburo in 1947. Then Stalin said: Time is running we're getting old. In my place I see Alexei Kuznetsov...”

And the last day in his life was October 1, 1950, when he died from a shot in the back of the head.

When I saw the last photo of my father, which was kept in the materials of the criminal case, I could not recognize him, - says the son of Alexei Kuznetsov Valery. - A broken, tormented, exhausted man was looking at me from the picture. Judging by this photo, dad was tortured. Cruel. I re-shot this photo and I can’t, you see, I can’t show my older sister Galina...

Out of almost a thousand protocols of interrogations, Valery Alekseevich ran into the memory of an episode that was repeated over and over again. The investigator turns to Kuznetsov: “Are you an enemy of the people? Are you a traitor? Are you a traitor? You were waiting for the death of Stalin?!” And Alexey Alexandrovich echoed: “Yes, yes, yes ...”

The Kuznetsov family received access to these terrible documents only in January of this year ...

The image of a politician from the time of Joseph Stalin can hardly be sculpted only from white marble. But the memory of relatives retained, of course, only the brightest features.

Dad is from the Novgorod province. There he organized the first Komsomol cell and became the leader of the Komsomol movement, recalls Valery Kuznetsov. - In the early 30s, Kirov noticed him. Invited to work in Leningrad. In 1938, my father was already appointed second secretary of the regional and city committees. The first was Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov.

In fact, Alexey Kuznetsov became the first person in the city in the first days of the war. Then Zhdanov was resting in Sochi, and it was Alexei Alexandrovich who had to make vital decisions.

All the threads of organizing the defense of the city, building fortifications, providing food came down to the father, - says Valery Alekseevich. - Zhdanov was not against this order of affairs. He was not embarrassed by the fact that dad was lower than him in status.

Moreover, Zhdanov did not hide from Stalin that Kuznetsov was in charge of the city. He admitted that he physically cannot stand the sounds of exploding bombs and the whistle of shells. Therefore, almost all the time he spends in a bomb shelter. Stalin then asked: “And who is doing business at the top?” Zhdanov answered: "Kuznetsov."

Many years later we were told interesting story- recalls Valery Alekseevich. - It was the deep autumn of 1941. Stalin, in the presence of members of the State Defense Committee, took a sheet of paper and handwritten (which was a rarity, because he always used the services of secretaries) wrote: “Alexey, all hope is on you. The Motherland will not forget you.” And he also decided to make a gift - on the box of cigarettes "Herzegovina Flor" brought out in red pencil: "Stalin". He summoned Merkulov to himself - people's commissar Internal Affairs - and gave instructions to urgently fly to besieged Leningrad, to hand over the letter and a box of cigarettes personally to Kuznetsov.

Until the end of his days, Aleksey Alexandrovich carefully kept a box of Herzegovina Flor at home. And the letter was locked at work in a safe ...

- It turns out that it was your father who led the besieged Leningrad?

Right. He was engaged in the organization of defensive lines, the formation of partisan detachments, work with the political departments of front-line units, and the organization of production. My father invented a new technology for baking bread - when vitamins were added to flour. I remember how in the summer they planted potatoes, carrots, greens in the flowerbeds and front gardens of Leningrad. This is also by order of the Pope. The city had to be saved from starvation.

- During the blockade, the children of the second secretary of the city committee were probably in a safe place?

Despite the fact that I was five or six years old, my father considered it necessary to leave me in the besieged city. And my two sisters and my mother were sent for evacuation to Chelyabinsk.

- And why did they leave you in Leningrad?

Dad talked like this. If ordinary residents of Leningrad see that Kuznetsov left his little son in the city, then they will probably decide that not everything is so bad in Leningrad, the city can be defended.

I lived in Smolny. There was the Pope's study and a recreation room adjoining it. Slept on the sofa. And when my father went to the factory or to the front, he took me with him. And on the podium, when dad made a speech, I stood next to him, holding his hand.

At the front, we lived with him in a dugout. You know, I even military uniform sewed. The dressmakers took the shape of the smallest soldier and adjusted it to my size. And they even provided a helmet. So at the front, as a five-year-old boy, I was also in full military uniform.

I remember very well how dad walked past the lined up units with a quick step. I couldn't keep up with him, minced. But the generals did not keep up with him. They were all with a solid belly.

- It was they who ate belly in the special dining room of Smolny? ..

Already there it was impossible to eat the belly. I dined in that canteen and remember well how they fed. Lean, thin cabbage soup relied on the first. On the second - buckwheat or millet porridge and even stew. But the real delicacy was jelly. When my dad and I went to the front, we were given army rations. It almost did not differ from the diet in Smolny. The same stew, the same porridge.

They wrote that while the townspeople were starving, there was a smell of pies from the Kuznetsovs' apartment on Kronverkskaya Street, and fruits were delivered to Zhdanov by plane ...

How we ate, I have already told you. And for the entire time of the blockade, my dad and I came to Kronverkskaya Street only a couple of times. To take wooden children's toys, melt the stove with them and somehow warm up, and pick up children's things. As for pies... Probably, it will be enough to say that I, like other residents of the city, had dystrophy.

Zhdanov ... You see, my father often took me with him to Zhdanov's house, on Kamenny Island. And if he had fruit or sweets, he would certainly have treated me. But I don't remember that.

- How do you remember besieged Leningrad?

Imagine, so many years have passed, and I still clearly remember the camouflage nets stretched over the Smolny, Kazan and St. Isaac's Cathedrals. How deep, deep into the ground, the monuments to Catherine and Peter were buried. And the howl of sirens announcing the air raid. Of course, gloomy, deserted streets. After all, thousands of people left for evacuation along the Road of Life.

Did your father invent it too?

Certainly. I even went with him to Ladoga when preparatory work was just being carried out there.

The ice road was vital. In spring and summer, food was brought to the city by caravans of transport ships. But in winter it could be done in only two ways. On planes - but it is expensive and almost impossible due to constant shelling. There was only one way: on the ice.

I remember that my dad and I came to Ladoga. You know, at first the ice was cleared from snow with special machines - graders. After that, this space was covered with straw. And the polynyas were covered with boards. I was almost mistakenly sent to evacuate with other children there. There were cars with children who were supposed to be taken out of the city over the ice. Dad's adjutants let me out of their sight, and some guy thought I just got out of the car. So he took me by the scruff of the neck - and into the car. Thank God, the adjutants came to their senses in time and found me.

After the long-awaited Victory, Alexei Kuznetsov moved to the capital: he was elected secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, a member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee.

Father did not want to leave Leningrad, - recalls Valery Alekseevich. - But I had to.

Historians believe that in 1946, when Zhdanov was already the second leader of the country, a period of acute intra-party struggle began, the result of which was the “Leningrad affair”. Researchers believe that Zhdanov, having moved to the capital, decided to move the “Leningrad team” closer to the Kremlin. Surround yourself with reliable people and thus pave the way for your own appointment to the post of General Secretary after Stalin's death.

Then, in two years, more than 800 people went from Leningrad to leading work in Moscow and to lead other regions - a real coming of the “Petersburg”!

Meanwhile, Kuznetsov's wife and children, not knowing anything about high political intrigues, enjoyed life in the capital. In Moscow, the family of the secretary of the Central Committee was given a nine-room apartment on Granovsky Street and a spacious dacha in Zarechye.

I remember that in winter we went skating with the whole family, ”recalls Kuznetsova’s daughter Galina Alekseevna. - There were no children's skates at that time. So we first put on socks, then felt boots and then skates. They played hockey. Only instead of a puck they used a tennis ball.

Especially touching in the Kuznetsov family celebrated birthdays.

In the morning, each member of the family put his birthday present on a high wooden table and put a card with a wish on top, - continues Galina Alekseevna. - I still have some gifts from that time. A small painted box, almost a toy vase. Yes, I still keep my dad's gift - a grandiose pencil. It is so long, it will be thirty centimeters ...

In the bedroom, on the nightstand by the bed, was a government telephone.

I often came to this room early in the morning, climbed onto the bed with my dad, woke him up, ”recalls Valery Alekseevich. - He also liked to play tricks. He picked up the telephone receiver and shouted there: “Lavrenty, let's go to the bathhouse!” Dad laughed to tears. Can you imagine? Of course, they didn’t connect me with Beria, but the telephone operator echoed into the receiver: “Who do you want?” Beria was informed about my hooliganism, and he somehow let my father know about my tricks.

After in 1947 Stalin named Kuznetsov his successor as General Secretary of the Central Committee and entrusted him with supervision over the state security agencies, Alexei Alexandrovich made two terrible enemies - Beria and Malenkov. After all, earlier Beria was involved in security issues, and Malenkov was in charge of personnel. The “offended” members of the Politburo were not at all going to sit idly by...

The duet Beria-Malenkov skillfully ignited Stalin's anger against the "Leningraders" group. At the beginning of 1948, the Central Committee received reports: they say that citizens learned about the monetary reform in advance and managed to invest money for nominees in savings banks. The monetary reform was carried out by a member of the "St. Petersburg team" Voznesensky ...

"Leningraders" decided to hold the All-Russian Fair in Northern Palmyra. But it was attended by representatives of the Union republics. The organizers did not receive permission from the Central Committee. And this was only a small fraction of the denunciations.

And in August 1948, the head of the “Leningrad group”, Zhdanov, died. Historians still call this death mysterious.

On February 15, 1949, Alexey Alexandrovich, as usual, arrived at his work early in the morning. He went into the office, sat down at the table and saw the decision of the Central Committee to remove him from all posts for "anti-government activities." In fact, it was a death sentence.

Our wedding with Alla (the eldest daughter of Kuznetsov) was scheduled for this day, - says Sergo Anastasovich Mikoyan. - Relatives gathered at the Kuznetsovs' dacha, Alexei Alexandrovich also arrived. And no one knew that it was removed. I am amazed at his courage, he found the strength to have fun, toast to the happiness of the young ...

After that, Kuznetsov was sent ... to study - in Perkhushkovo, in a branch of the Lenin Military-Political Academy.

On August 13, dad told us: “Here's some money for you, run to Voentorg and buy ice cream. - recalls Galina Kuznetsova - Just don't eat without me. Wait.” Gone. Valerka and her mother still managed to wave to him through the window... We were waiting for him. One, two, three...

And at seven in the evening, it was still light, the bell rang in the apartment. Four men in dark suits and wide-brimmed hats entered the hallway. People in civilian clothes were looking for the same letter that Stalin handed to Kuznetsov in besieged Leningrad and which read: "The Motherland will not forget you." So they didn't find it. Disappeared - as if evaporated ...

During the arrest of Kuznetsov, Alla and I rested in Sochi, - recalls Sergo Anastasovich Mikoyan. - When we returned, my father called me to his room and informed me about the arrest of Kuznetsov. He listed the allegations. And I remember how trifling they seemed to me. I knew that in the 1930s Bukharin and Zinoviev were accused of espionage. And even in the fact that they wanted to kill Stalin ... Then it made an impression. In this case, the accusations were as follows. Allegedly, Kuznetsov said that there were many non-Russians in the Politburo. From the Caucasus - Stalin, Beria and my father. Jews - Kaganovich. It was as if Kuznetsov was saying: they say, when Stalin dies, he will try to change this.

And he was also accused of glorifying his own role in the defense of Leningrad, and that even in the Museum of the Defense of Leningrad, on his instructions, they hung his portrait ...

From a letter from the Politburo to members of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks:

“At present, it can be considered established that at the top of the former Leningrad leadership a group hostile to the party has been formed for a long time, which included A. Kuznetsov, Popkov, Kapustin, Solovyov, Verbitsky, Lazutkin.

At the beginning of the war, and especially during the siege of Leningrad, the Kuznetsov group, having become cowardly and completely bewildered by the prevailing difficulties, did not believe in the possibility of victory over the Germans.

Kuznetsov's group nurtured the idea of ​​taking leadership positions in the party and the state.

In the enemy group of Kuznetsov, the question of transferring the capital of the RSFSR from Moscow to Leningrad was repeatedly discussed and prepared.

The family was immediately evicted from the apartment on Granovsky Street, having seized all their belongings, to Starokonyushenny Lane, into a small "kopeck piece". There was no information about Kuznetsov. And then his wife was arrested. In prison, she was kept shackled, subjected to sophisticated torture.

When my mother was arrested, I was 18 years old, - says Galina Alekseevna. - I tried to go to college. But they didn't accept me. In the questionnaires, she wrote: “parents are arrested.” Didn't get hired either. After long ordeals, I was nevertheless accepted to work as a laboratory assistant at the school that I graduated from. This is how they lived. My grandmother was paid a pension of 102 rubles, and my salary was 300. Of course, they starved. They baked potato pies with sauerkraut, cooked oatmeal jelly, cereals. The Mikoyan family was very helpful. I remember they brought delicious sausages.

When did your mother return?

I will remember this day forever. February 9, 1954 She stood on the threshold in a thin dress. Skinny. Completely gray. And seriously ill...

Sister Alla has arrived. She brought food, we set the table. How happy my mother was when she saw processed cheese on the table! Already late in the evening, Alla said that she needed to go, and asked me to accompany her. We went down the stairs, and Allochka quietly said: “Wait. Listen to me. Papa won't come back."

Two months later, Kuznetsov's wife was summoned to the Central Committee of the party and informed that her husband had been shot in 1950. And this despite the fact that three years earlier the death penalty had been abolished in the USSR...

More than 50 thousand victims are buried on the Levashovskaya wasteland near St. Petersburg Stalinist repressions. Among them is the unmarked grave of Alexei Kuznetsov. By an evil irony of fate, the trial of the investigator in the Kuznetsov case took place in the same hall where Alexei Alexandrovich himself was once tried ...

From the case of Kuznetsov, it clearly follows that during interrogations his spine was broken and during the trial he could not stand ... The one who conducted the case in this way was shot. And they buried him on the same Levashovskaya wasteland. This happened in 1954, when Alexei Kuznetsov was rehabilitated. Posthumously.

Comrade fought with tireless energy. Kuznetsov for exposing the enemies of the people who operated on the ideological front - in the State Hermitage, in the Russian Museum, the Museum of the Revolution and a number of other cultural institutions ”(Leningradskaya Pravda. 1937. January 16).

Speaking on November 19, 1937 at a meeting of voters of the Volkhov region, A.A. Kuznetsov said: “I consider it a great happiness to work under the guidance of Comrade Zhdanov. Under his leadership, I will continue to smash vile fascist agents, Trotskyist-Bukharin wreckers, spies, saboteurs, fight for the purity of the ranks of our great communist party ”(Leningradskaya Pravda. 1937. November 22).

And this, unfortunately, is not “naked demagogy”. Before the war, during the war, and after it political biography A.A. Kuznetsova was closely intertwined with the activities of punitive bodies and with punitive functions. And it is not at all accidental that in 1946 Stalin entrusted him with the "observation" of the MGB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs ...

After the war, this dangerous path led to a tragic denouement ("Leningrad business". L., 1990. S. 97-98).

During the Great Patriotic War A.A. Kuznetsov is one of the leaders of the defense of Leningrad. In June 1941, divisional commissar; member of the Military Council of the Baltic Fleet (1939-1946), Northwestern (June-August 1941) and Leningrad (September 1941 - December 1942, March 1943 - May 1945) fronts.

A.A. Kuznetsov actually directed the entire life of besieged Leningrad: he headed (in the summer and autumn of 1941) the Commission for the management of the construction of defensive structures, led the organization of the life of Leningraders, the formation of militia units and the selection of military personnel, the creation of partisan detachments; resolved issues related to the activities of the political department of the front and fleet. A.A. Kuznetsov, as a member of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front, participated in the development of operations to defeat the Nazi troops near Leningrad.

In 1945-1946. A.A. Kuznetsov is the first secretary of the Leningrad regional committee and the city party committee. Then - an employee of the apparatus of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in Moscow. In 1949 he was arrested in the "Leningrad case", convicted and shot. Rehabilitated in 1954 (posthumously).

The beginning of the “Leningrad case” was laid on February 15, 1949, when the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU at its meeting called the Leningrad leaders an anti-party group (“The Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks recalls that Zinoviev, when he tried to turn the Leningrad organization into the support of his anti-Leninist faction, resorted to the same anti-Party methods of flirting with the Leningrad organization, scolding the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), allegedly not caring about the needs of Leningrad, separating the Leningrad organization from the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and opposing the Leningrad organization of the party and its Central Committee"). On February 22, 1949, a plenum of the Leningrad Regional Committee and the City Party Committee was held, which was attended by a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Party G.M. Malenkov1 and member of the organizing bureau V.M. Andrianov.2 Malenkov repeated the opinion of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of February 15, 1949, that the Leningrad leaders had turned into an anti-party group. All of them were removed from their posts. Andrianov was “elected” as the first secretary of the regional committee and the city committee at the plenum.

And then the darker part of the Kremlin's scenario came true. In June, the former secretary of the city party committee, Ya.F. Kapustin and the former head of the department of the Ministry of State Security of the Leningrad Region P.N. Kubatkin, and a little later former member Party Central Committee A.A. Kuznetsov and others. The investigation was conducted in Moscow for about a year, and in September 1950 an offsite session of the Supreme Collegium was held in the Leningrad House of Officers The Supreme Court THE USSR. The court sentenced Kuznetsov, Voznesensky, Kapustin, Rodionov to death...

By the way, capital punishment (execution) was abolished in May 1947 and reintroduced on January 12, 1949 (which was hidden from the defendants).

After this process of persecution, like a plague, spread throughout the territory Soviet Union, immigrants from Leningrad were arrested, “filtered”, etc. A ruthless purge began in the city on the Neva itself: “oppositionists” not only survived from the top to bottom of the party-Soviet apparatus, but were also persecuted in production, in science. As a result, only in 1949-1950. in Leningrad and the region, more than two thousand leading workers were expelled from party and other bodies (LIA. F. 24. Op. 70. D. 1. L. 260).

Arrests and trials continued in 1951-1952. So, on August 15, 1952, more than 50 people were arrested and then sentenced to long prison terms, who worked during the blockade as secretaries of district party committees and chairmen of district executive committees. They were held in the “case of the Smolninsky district”, “the case of the Dzerzhinsky district”, etc.

It got to the point that literature was destroyed, in which there was any mention of the executed, their participation in the heroic blockade was also emasculated, the Museum of the Defense of Leningrad was closed. The city turned into a "repressive", "disgraced". The outcasts could not find work even in their hometown, no merit or intercession helped.

Peculiar opinion on this issue stated N.S. Khrushchev in his memoirs. He assures that he did not even see the indictments against the participants in the Leningrad case, that he could sign the verdict without reading it at a meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. And as if only from the words of Malenkov and Beria, he became aware that Kuznetsov and others were charged with "Russian nationalism and disagreement with the policy of the Central Committee."

One can hardly believe in such ignorance of Khrushchev, because at that time he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU and close to Stalin, who, as K. Simonov writes, “before, and then, and then treated Leningrad with a share of suspicions that have survived from the twenties years and assuming, obviously, the presence there of some attempts to create spiritual autonomy. And the Hungarians Beladi and Krause in the book “Stalin” (M., 1990) write that Stalin “always treated the “special” character of Leningraders with antipathy.” 3)

IN AND. Berezhkov writes: “It seems that the high-ranking security officer P.A. Sudoplatov, who in those years rotated in the highest spheres of the Kremlin and had objective information, is close to the truth about the reasons for the emergence of the Leningrad Case. In his book Intelligence and the Kremlin, he writes: “All this was fabricated and caused by the ongoing struggle among Stalin's assistants ... The motives that forced Malenkov, Beria and Khrushchev to destroy the Leningrad group were clear: to strengthen their power. They were afraid that the young Leningrad team led by Kuznetsov would replace Stalin "" (Berezhkov V.I. Petersburg procurators. St. Petersburg, 1998. S. 239-241; "Leningrad business". L., 1990).

“The so-called “Leningrad case” was provoked and organized by Stalin, who sought to maintain an atmosphere of suspicion, envy and distrust of each other among the top leaders and on this basis to further strengthen his power” (Rehabilitation. Political processes of the 30-50s. M., 1991. S. 312).

There is such an educational channel on the vastness of YouTube called "Sinus", all sorts of historical and educational materials are thrown there. I found a story by some strange "historian" Alexei Kuznetsov about Pol Pot with a number of jambs. I’ll leave the analysis here for free for society

To begin with, Alexei Kuznetsov himself is not quite a historian either. He graduated from MGIMO in 1990, unexpectedly turned out to be among the fans of Viktor Suvorov, and even on the "Echo of Moscow" hangs out a kind of muzzy and well-fed.

I will analyze a few strange episodes on the video.

5-23
He maintained diplomatic relations with only a few countries, in fact with five, one of which is Romania, China, North Korea, Albania, France.

The list is incomplete: Vietnam (until the beginning of 1978 or something), Laos, Bangladesh, Madagascar, Burma (),
Yugoslavia, Cuba, Thailand and a bunch of delegations arrived in DC. It should have been said.

7-20
And by 1975, when the "Pol Pot regime" (what's the term?) is established in Kampuchea, he has been the de facto leader of the Communist Party for several years.

It would be necessary to write how this "mode" suddenly took and was established. The Khmer Rouge won the civil war, and why exactly did they win? And also explain why King (!) Norodom Sihanouk was visiting the Khmer Rouge all the time
Photo-1
photo-2 (it is the 10th from the top)

13-50 He referred to the book "Kampuchea Court of the People". Book from the early 1980s. I read it in my first year. There are many questions for the authors, but why is it surprising? She came out in those years when in the USSR there was not a word about Marshal Beria in any reference book, even all sorts of Zhukvovs in their memoirs suddenly "forgot" who he was.

21 minutes
In the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, quite numerous materials, arguments and considerations roam about the fact that the Pol Pot regime has been slandered. Many years before, the Americans bombed and now it was profitable for them to pass off the victims of the bombing as the communist regime.

Something he is cunning at the turn of 21-22 minutes. The American bombings were not "many years before", but in 1971-74,

until 1970, until General Lon Nol carried out a pro-American coup d'état, Paul Paul did not particularly touch anyone, the king even visited him. The photo is available with one request on Google.

Was 90% of Phnom Penh's population evicted? Who counted the population there? Firstly, the city was full of refugees, they were returned back to the village. Secondly, and you yourself social structure Can you imagine Phnom Penh in the early 1970s? Do you think there are giant factories and research institutes on every corner? Nooo. Most of the population of such Asian cities is petty servants, workers of endless pavement catering, prostitutes, small traders, monks, bureaucrats, cops. These were expelled. They left 10% - the working class, well, those who were really doing something useful in the city.

And yet - why did they take power after all? The Khmer Rouge with a screw and Chinese Kalash turned out to be stronger than a soldier of the army of the Khmer Republic with American weapons? Here is a video of a military parade in Phnom Penh under the Khmer Rouge, almost all weapons are captured.

And it would be necessary to explain why Lon Nol fled to the USA, and Pol Pot went to the jungle and partisan for another 20 years.

24-55 composition of the army of the previous regime. Somewhere I came across information that some pilots of the Royal Air Force did not accept the 1970 coup and fled to Pol Pot themselves. I'll find the link - I'll make another note.

On the 25-30 spoke very vaguely about the Lon Nol regime and the Khmer Republic in 1971-75. Called him " conservative pro-American politician who overthrew King Sihanouk and ruled Kampuchea for several years"
Is he really such a fool or is he being stupid on purpose?
There was a civil war going on there, and a very cruel one, but it turns out that "Lon Nol ruled, then disappeared somewhere, Paul Paul came to the office of the main man of the country, sat in his chair and began to slowly destroy everyone."

26 minutes- killed with choppers and sticks? And they killed more in 3 years than under Lon Nol in 3 years died from carpet bombing? Some defective historian got caught

Perhaps everything. This is not a story about civil war in Cambodia in the 1970s, but some bullshit.
Terror was a question of causes and scope.
The Vietnamese scenario did not work out in April 1975, because there was no "Northern Kampuchea", where a whole generation has already grown up under socialism and there are cadres. And the Lao scenario also did not work out, where there was a "tandem" of the red prince + leaders of Pathet Lao.

Here is a photo of commercials in 1977, young female Khmer Rouge. They smile happily. Apparently, several thousand people each had just been killed with sticks and choppers.

small video about working days in Democratic Kampuchea
And some humor.
- If not Putin, then who?
-If not Putin, then a cat!
-What if it's not a cat?
-Perhaps Pol Pot?

look how well the three of us settled on the couch Kayson Phomvihan, Ho Chi Minh and Pol Pot. The first one is now depicted on banknotes in Laos and monuments are erected to him, the same is with the second in Vietnam, and the third was unlucky. If the story would have gone a little differently, and now in Cambodia there would be something like Laos Buddhism + socialism.

Posts from This Journal by “Pol Pot” Tag

• Today I listened to the lecture "Many Faces of Indochina or a map of vivid impressions of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia". The lecturer seems to be an experienced guide,…

• 
  Good lecture on the Khmer Rouge VS bad lecture on Cambodia

  Here I sometimes write something about the Khmer Rouge and all sorts of materials on them on the Internet. I got two lectures over the weekend. One from…

• 
  Cant 1 channel about Pol Pot in a report about Brzezinski

  Today, all our TV channels have become generous with materialchik about Brzezinski. An ordinary 90-year-old grandfather would have died, they would never have remembered. There are strange things about...

• 
  A couple of interesting things from Democratic Kampuchea

  There are so many interesting things around! For example, I found a couple of interesting materials on the site about Democratic Kampuchea. First, it turned out that…

• 
  Any materials on Democratic Kampuchea

  I came across one good resource today, called "Cambodiatokampuchea". There is all sorts of interesting material on the history of Cambodia, especially…

(February 7 (20), 1905 - October 1, 1950) - First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and City Party Committee in 1945-1946. One of the organizers of mass purges and repressions in Leningrad and the North-West of Russia, then their victim.

He began his career in 1922 as a worker at a sawmill in Borovichi. In the years 1924-1932 at the Komsomol work in the Novgorod province and Leningrad. Party member since 1925. Since 1932, at party work: instructor of the Leningrad city committee, deputy secretary, secretary of the district committees of the party in Leningrad, head of the regional committee department. Since 1937, the second secretary of the Leningrad regional committee, the city committee of the CPSU (b), during the Great Patriotic War, a member of the military councils of the Baltic Fleet, the Northern and Leningrad fronts, lieutenant general (1943).

He was awarded two orders of Lenin and 4 other orders.

Member of the Central Committee since 1939, in 1945-1946 the first secretary of the Leningrad regional committee and city party committee. Member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee March 18, 1946-March 7, 1949, Secretary of the Central Committee March 18, 1946-January 28, 1949.

In 1946-1949 he was the head of the Personnel Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From February 1949 he was secretary of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Party.

He attended the June 1947 Philosophical Debate.

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st-2nd convocations.

Arrested on August 13, 1949 in the "Leningrad case", by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on September 30, 1950, sentenced to death, shot on October 1 of the same year. Rehabilitated by the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on April 30, 1954, on February 26, 1988, the CPC under the Central Committee of the CPSU confirmed membership in the party since 1925.

Family

• Voinova's wife Zinaida Dmitrievna (1906-1971)

(through his wife A. Kuznetsov was a relative of A. Kosygin)

• daughter Alla (1928-1957) was married to the son of Anastas Mikoyan Sergo.
• son Valery (10.02.1937) - was married to the daughter of V. Ya. Kolpakchi, worked as a deputy. head of the Glavlita of the USSR, then in the Central Committee of the CPSU, during the years of perestroika he was the first assistant to Politburo member A. N. Yakovlev
• daughter Kuznetsova Galina Alekseevna

Kuznetsov Alexey Alexandrovich was born in the city of Borovichi, Novgorod province, party leader, lieutenant general (1943). The son of a worker. Since 1922, a worker-sorter of a sawmill. In 1924-32 he was the secretary of the Orekhovsky volost committee of the Komsomol, instructor, head. department, secretary of the Borovichi and Malovishersky district committees of the RKSM, head. department of the Nizhny Novgorod district committee and secretary of the Chudovsky district committee of the Komsomol.

In 1925 he joined the CPSU(b). Since 1932, instructor of the Leningrad city committee of the CPSU (b), 2nd secretary of Smolninsky, 1st secretary of the Dzerzhinsky district party committee (Leningrad). He made a quick career during the period of mass purges of party activists in 1936-38.

Creatura Stalin, who nominated him as a true Stalinist in return for the destroyed personnel. Since Aug. 1937 head. department, from Sept. 2nd Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

Since 1939, a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b). At the same time, in 1939-46, he was a member of the Military Council of the Baltic Fleet, and was also a member of the Military Councils of the Northern (June-Aug. 1941) and Leningrad (Sept. 1941 - Dec. 1942, March 1943 - May 1945) fronts, 2nd shock army ( Dec 1942 - March 1943).

The closest assistant A.A. Zhdanova. The main organizer of the defense of the city, among other representatives of the highest party staff, bears his share of responsibility for the fact that Leningrad was absolutely not ready for the blockade, which caused the death of almost half of its population.

Since January 1945, 1st Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee and City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From 03/18/1946 Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee and head of the Personnel Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

Considered one of the most promising in the new generation of party workers, many considered him as a possible successor Stalin. He was popular with the party.

At the Plenum 01/28/1949 he was relieved of his duties as secretary and in February 1949 he was appointed secretary of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which existed only on paper. 03/07/1949 withdrawn from the Orgburo.

08/13/1949 arrested in the office of G.M. Malenkov. [prior to arrest, a student of retraining courses for political personnel at the Military-Political Academy named after Lenin]. He became a key figure, together with N.A. Voznesensky, in the so-called "Leningrad case" - a series of closed trials that affected several thousand party workers in 1950 - already Stalin's nominees of 1937-38.

01.10.1950 sentenced to death penalty. shot. In 1954 he was rehabilitated and in 1988 reinstated in the party.

His daughter Alla (1928-1957) - married the son of Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan, who was married to Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan (1901-1971). One of his sons - Vladimir (1924 - 1942) - fighter pilot, died in an air battle; the other - Alexei (1925-1986) - was arrested by the NKVD as a schoolboy, and then fought in aviation, lieutenant general.

Used materials from the book: Zalessky K.A. Stalin's empire. Biographical encyclopedic dictionary. Moscow, Veche, 2000

Anniversary of one provocation

On July 11, 1951, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks adopted a resolution "On the unhealthy situation in the USSR Ministry of State Security." In accordance with the estimates given in this decision, a day later, the then Minister of State Security of the USSR, Colonel-General Viktor Semenovich Abakumov, who was declared "the head of the Zionist conspiracy in the MGB", was arrested, and another purge of the state security agencies began. The last major political provocation of the Stalin era rushed to its climax at full speed.

The regime of sole power, which was the result of the bureaucratic degeneration of the ruling elite, finally established after the victory Stalinover the Bolshevik party during the physical destruction of the Bolshevik-Leninists at the end of the 30s and the liquidation of the Leninist inner-party regime, could not exist without this kind of political provocation, each time ending in bloody "purges", however, this last one is still curious about its relatively little fame and a number of close to modern analogies.

Born in 1908, Viktor Abakumov, having become a Chekist, initially enjoyed the support of the then head of the NKVD of the USSR Lavrenty Beria, who appointed him first (1939) head of the NKVD Directorate for the Rostov Region, and then (1941) head of the Special State Security Departments operating in the Red Army and in the fleet.

Young and not burdened with special knowledge (he did not even graduate from high school) and connections in the authorities, but a strong-willed and operatively gifted Chekist, Abakumov needed Stalin, when in 1943 he began a "game to weaken" the NKVD bodies and their chief Beria under the pretext of dividing the NKVD into three components - the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the People's Commissariat of State Security (NKGB of the USSR) and the Smersh military counterintelligence transferred to the People's Commissar of Defense, which headed in the rank of deputy people's commissar of defense 35-year-old Abakumov

In the spring of 1946, Stalin takes new steps to strengthen the regime of his personal power and weaken the positions of the "old members of the Politburo": Beria is removed from the direct leadership of the punitive bodies, his right hand, General of the Army Vsevolod Merkulov, loses the post of Minister of State Security, is removed from the secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPSU ( b), and his post, including the authority to control personnel, state security and justice, passes to Alexei Kuznetsov, who made a quick career in Leningrad during the period of repressions of 1936-39. and (together with) who had a hand in the massacre of the Leningrad party organization.

They are trying to promote their friend in Leningrad to the post of head of the MGB, just as they are guilty (as head of the NKVD / NKGB Directorate) of gross violations of socialist legality.

In 1949, the management of special and encryption communications and special equipment was withdrawn from the GB system and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (not a state authority at all -!) federal agency government communications and information), the same fate befalls the government security department (a complete analogy with the creation of the current FSO - the federal security service). In addition to their main functions, all these structures began a "war of compromising evidence" against each other, flooding the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks with a host of denunciations

However, unlike the doctors who were arrested at the same time, none of the employees of the State Security Service, despite torture and bullying, confessed. As well as, despite the punishment cell, beatings and sleep deprivation.

The failures of the investigation, about which StalinI was forced to report in January 1952, they pushed the aging dictator to the next "reform". The investigative department of the MGB of the USSR was actually separated from the direct jurisdiction of the minister and subordinated to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (it is not superfluous to recall that now and Co. are planning to separate the investigative units of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc. from the relevant departments into the so-called "Federal Investigative Committee" or " Federal Service investigations").

Now the work of the investigators was led by such a "cool professional" as Stalin himself. In practice, this meant a complete paralysis of investigative work: for example, Stalinvisits the overvalued idea that all fellow practitioners of the arrested doctor Myron in the pre-revolutionary Vitebsk gymnasium - allegedly his accomplices.

The MGB apparatus searches for them all over the country, arrests them, takes them to Moscow, tortures them, does not learn anything meaningful and is afraid to report the fiasco to the top until Stalin, already fallen into sclerosis, has forgotten about this idea of ​​his. So weeks and months pass, the investigation dragged on, which, in the end, saved the lives of most of those unjustifiably arrested.

Since the investigation is stuck, they find the extreme in the face. On November 14, 1952, he was removed from all posts and transferred to work in the USSR Ministry of State Control under the supervision of a minister.

DECISION OF THE PRESIDIUM OF THE CC CPSU ON THE "LENINGRAD CASE"

Military collegium On April 30, 1954, the Supreme Court of the USSR rehabilitated N.A. , A.A. , Ya.F. , P.G. , THEM. , T.V. , F.E.

By voting, a resolution was adopted providing for the secret storage of the decision in a "special folder". However, at the meeting on May 20 of the same year (Prot. No. 65, p. XXVIII), on the initiative of N.S. it was decided to remove the heading “special folder” from the resolution and familiarize the party-Soviet nomenclature with it, sending the resolution to the regional committees, regional committees, the Central Committee of the Communist Parties of the Union republics and to the departments of the Central Committee of the CPSU for familiarization (RGANI. F. 3. Op. 8. D. 110. L. 182). See also the reference “On the so-called “Leningrad case” and other documents” (Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPSU. 1989. No. 2. P. 124-137)

No. 63. p. 53 - On the case of Kuznetsov, Popkov, Voznesensky and others

An investigation currently carried out by the USSR Prosecutor's Office on behalf of the Central Committee of the CPSU has established that the case on charges of treason, and others in treason, counter-revolutionary sabotage and participation in an anti-Soviet group was falsified for enemy adventurous purposes by the former Minister of State Security of the USSR, now arrested and his accomplices.

Using the facts of violations of state discipline and individual misconduct on the part of, and others, for which they were removed from their posts with the imposition of party penalties, and his accomplices artificially presented these actions as the actions of an organized anti-Soviet treacherous group and, by beatings and threats, achieved fictitious testimony of those arrested about the created allegedly conspiracy by them.

According to these fabricated false materials, in 1950, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced N., both to execution, to 15 years in prison, and to 10 years in prison.

In connection with this case, a special meeting at the former Ministry of State Security of the USSR and the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR convicted more than 200 people, some as accomplices, and most are close and distant relatives of the convicts.

The Central Committee of the CPSU decides:

1. Instruct the Prosecutor General of the USSR Comrade Rudenko, in connection with the newly discovered circumstances, to challenge the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR in the case,) to impute and others, and are currently rehabilitated, financial assistance in the amount of 10 thousand rubles and 5 thousand rubles for each family member (mother, father, wife, children).

To oblige the Leningrad and Moscow regional committees of the CPSU to provide work for these workers and members of their families.

Oblige the Ministry of Finance of the USSR to return to the said workers and members of their families the property confiscated from them or to reimburse the cost of this property.

6. Oblige the Leningrad and Moscow city executive committees of working people's deputies to provide adequate housing to persons convicted in connection with the case, etc., and now rehabilitated.

RGANI. F. 3. Op. 10. D. 108. L. 113; D. 81. L. 31–32. Script. Typescript