Remember that everything you learn must be pronounced out loud, listening to the voice acting both the lesson and answers to the exercises. Do not be afraid if you are still unsalted in reading rules - just repeat the speaker and come back to the French phonetic course.
The pronunciation will picked up in the process of working with French.

  Listen to the audio lesson with additional explanations

In French, as in all other European languages, you can not just say:

i am beautiful, he is strange, they are at home, you are at work.

Get to the fact that any foreigner will say:

i there is Beautiful, she there is Strange, they there is Houses, you there is at work.

So-called verb be - One of the most important verbs in any foreign language.

British - to be. In Germans - sein.
The Italians - Essere. The French être - be.

Surgery of the verb être (be)

In French there are the following pronouns:

Negative verb shape être (be)

Before the verb - ne, after the verb - PAS:

ne +. verb + Pas.

Celebration form of verb être (be)

How the question will be asked depends on the situation and from the one to whom they appeal.

The best question turnover is a turnover with EST-CE QUE.

Sustainable expressions with the verb être (be)

With the verb être in French, there are a lot of stable expressions that will very much and enrich your speech at the start of the study of French:

In a good, verb be You will always use with:

• nouns - "Who? What? ": Je Suis Femme Au Foyer (I am a housewife), IL EST Un Chômeur (it is unemployed), C" EST MA SOEUR (this is my sister), C "EST MON MARI (this is my husband), C" EST NOTRE MAISON (this is our house) ;
• adclusive - What? What? What? ": ELLE EST GAIE (she is fun), Il Est Riche (he is rich), La Maison Est Vieille (old house);
• naschaim - "How?": C "EST COMPLIQUÉ (this is difficult), C" EST Intéressant (it is interesting), C "EST BIEN / BON (this is good), C" EST Mauvais / Mal (this is bad);
• or when answer the question "where? ": Il Est Dans Le Parc (he is in the park), Je Suis à la Maison (I am at home), MON MARI EST AUR TRAVAIL (my husband is at work), ILS Sont En Vacances (they are on vacation).

Coordination

What should pay attention to. In Russian, we say:

i'm healthy, i'm healthy butThey are healthy s,
I'm busy, I'm busy but, they are busy s.

In the language of grammar it is called agree on the adjective and among. If it is easier, then you need to put the right endings.

Turns out that:

a man will always talk without ending
(i.e., as written in sustainable expressions),
Woman - with graduation --e,
They, we - with the end of -s.

Je Suis Content (-). - I am satisfied.
Je Suis Contente. - I'm glad.
ILS Sont Contents. - They are satisfied (men, m + g).
Elles Sont Contentes. - They are satisfied (women).

As a result of what you need to learn in this lesson:

• verb conjugations be and cases when it should be in the sentence,
• denial: before the verb - ne, after the verb - PAS,
• q: EST-CE QUE turnover,
• coordination:
  - Man says without end,
  - Woman - with ending -E
  - Men - with the end of -s,
  - Women - with the end of -es.

That's all!

Additionally, learn the words from the lesson and exercises, see additional grammar topics on the site, listen to the phonetic course and most importantly, start talking and use knowledge from this lesson now in your life.

To be or not to be

If you want to learn more about a person, ask him, for example, where he comes from. You also need to be able to answer such questions.

And here you can not do without the verb être ("be"). The verb is wrong, and all its forms must be learned by heart, because it is very often used. The following tabs are given to the leaping of the verb être.

Verb être ("be")

je Suis I am

tU ES You're

iL, Elle, On Est He, she, someone there

nous odmes we have

vous êtes you have

iLS, Elles Sont they are, essence

Does your emphasis drew attention? Be prepared for the fact that you may ask you: "Where are you from (you)"? We must answer:

Official style:

Vous êtes d'où? Where are you from?

Informal style:

TU ES D'Où? Where are you from?

Je Suis de ... (city). I am from ... (city).

Articles before the names of cities and countries are as follows:

DE ("out") is placed before the names of all cities and before the names of the female countries (in which at the end of the name it costs E or in the title contains an adjective): Je Suis de Moscou. (I am from Moscow.)

JE SUIS DE NEW YORK. (I am from New York.)

DU ("out") is placed in front of the names of the countries of the male race (in which there is any letter, except e):

Je Suis du Portugal. (I am from Portugal.)

Je Suis du Vermont. (I am from the state of Vermont.)

Des ("out") is put in front of the names of countries in the plural:

Je Suis des États-Unis. (I'm from usa.)

Take a look at the card and determine which places are different people - both familiar, and unfamiliar (of course, using the corresponding form of the verb être). Looking through the news, tell me where the case is.

Sustainable phrases with être

Imagine that you are talking on the phone with your friend who lives in France, and ask him what he is doing now. In response, hear: "Je Suis En Train De Préparer Le Petit-Déjeuner". Hearing the words of Train, Préparrer and Petit-Déjeuuner, you ask yourself why he is on the train and is preparing breakfast? What is he train? In T.G. V.? (Train à Grande vitesse-modern ultra-speed train). But if they still suspected that this phrase has a different meaning, and not the literal, you think true. This is a stable expression that will not be confusing and means that your friend is busy cooking breakfast. From the table below you will learn a few more stable phrases (idiom) with the verb être.

Sustainable phrases with the verb être:

• être À when you proper (relate to)
• être d'Accord (AVEC) agree with
• êTre de Retour return
• être en train de + infinitive to be busy with something in the process of cooking
• êTre Sur Le Point DE + Infinitive Be Ready

As in most other European languages \u200b\u200bin the French version, it is not possible to omit the verb to be, which, on the contrary, is very typical for the Russian language in the phrases of the type: it is cultured, it is at home, they are in the mountains. French, Englishman or German in these cases will definitely say: He is strange, it is at home, they are in the mountains. Thus, the verb be (is) is extremely important for any native speaker in Europe. At the same time, in German, we will deal with the verb of Sein in this regard, in English - with the verb to be, in French, there is a verb être.

The above-mentioned French verb êTRE is used in the case of a description of the states (être Curieux - to be curious, êTre Petit is to be small), when specifying the classes (être étudiant - to be a student, être médecin - to be a doctor), and is also widely used in the process of hiding in complex The temporary forms of fifteen verbs (Devenir (become), Naître (born), Aller (go), etc. - Unnecessary verb units whose semantics are associated with movement or condition - Je Suis Allé (I left.)).

The lifting of the actual verb être is as follows:

je Suis Adroit - I am deft

tU ES ADROIT - you are clever

il Est Adroit - He is deft

eLLE EST ADROITE - She is deft

nous Sommes Adroits - We are deft

vous êtes Adroits - You are clever

iLS Sont Adroits - They are deft

elles Sont Adroites - They are deft (Zh.R.)

In turn, the negative form with the verb être will be formed according to the following scheme: NE + êTRE in one of its forms + PAS. - N'es Pas (you are not); N'êtes PAS (you are not); Ne Suis Pas (I am not), etc.

The order of constructing question designs with the verb être will depend on the specific situation and the objectives of the question of the question (common or special), as well as from the recipient (to whom they appeal). - SUIS-JE? EST-ELLE? Sont-Ils? EST-CE QU'ELLE EST? ELLE EST? QUI EST-ELLE? (Who is she?), Etc.

At the same time, if être is applied to fix the kind of classes or profession, we will have to omit the article before a certain noun:

je Suis Artiste - I am an artist;

tU ES Pianiste - You are a pianist;

il Est Chef d'Orchestre - he is a conductor;

eLLE EST Étudiante - She is a student;

nous Sommes Grimpeurs - We are climbers;

vous êtes Médecin - you are a doctor;

iLS Sont Juges - they are judges;

elles Sont Paysannes - they are peasants.

However, in the case of the definition of the definition, there is no use of an uncertain article -Vous êtes un Mauvais ConceptEur (you are a bad designer); ELLE EST UNE BONNE FILLE (she is a good girl).

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the adjective, placed after être must agree with the immediate control of the word in its kind, and also among the number. - Je Suis Intelligent (-) - M.R. (I'm smart). Ma Fille Est Intelligent (E) - J.R. (My daughter is smart). SON AMI EST GRAS (in thick). ILS Sont Adroit (S) - MN. h. (they are skillful). Thus, the male genus will be reflected in the use of zero ending, the female race is in the addition of flexions -E, and the multiple number is to use the end of -S.

Interestingly, French is very rich in various kinds of sustainable expressions in which the verb être: être cool (be "cool") is actively used; être islamiste (be an Islamist); être stable (be stable); être Insupportable (be unsuccessful); (Avoir Le Droit) d'etre idiot (to have the right) to be an idiot)); être Fastidieux (be tedious); être peureux (be cowardly); être nouveau (be new); être héros (be a hero), etc. The ability to correctly use them in their speech can make it richer, emotionally and stylistically saturated.

The verb être is one of the most irregular verbs from all verbs of French. If the verbs had a genus, he would be feminine - there is no logic in his arms;), and this property he inherited from his Latin roots. But he also has also burdened heredity: the basis of Hinding êTre is not one (!!), but as many as three Latin verbs. Three, Karl! Well, well, let not three - two and a half. But not alone!

This explains why in different times être has such a different base. Well, the truth is who will say that these are the accompanies of the same verb: Je Suis, Je Serai, Je Fus, j "ai été?! Right - no one.

But I'll explain everything now! :) And everything will become understandable.

Since there is no talk about the logic to speak here, nothing remains to us, how to immerse yourself in an etymology être - only she will give us the key to understanding and memorizing his auction.

In the classic Latin, there was an equally wrong verb "to be", which in the infinitive sounded like this: Esse. After the fall of Rome and the heyday of People's Latin, he turned into an Essere verb. Is something familiar, right? (In Italian, it has been preserved in this form to this day). After some centuries, this verb acquired nearly Your final look. This is how he was recorded in the second edition of the dictionary of the French Academy of Edition 1664:

For about a thousand years from essere. It turned into estre.. But by this time, the letter "S" has ceased to read in this position, so the orpography reform has consolidated this fact in writing the letter: In the next, the 3rd edition of the dictionary of the French Academy of 1740, this word has already acquired a modern writing. Circumflex reminds that there was once the letter "S" once stood near here.

With infinitive, we figured out. Let's take a look at the hide. There is a present time of expressing inclinations.

Immediately it becomes clear from where the legs grow. There are even forms that have not changed at all. The same Latin verb gave in modern French submarines (JE SOIS), the future (Je Serai) and Conditionnel (Je Serais).

The perfect form of the ESSE - FUI verb - gave the basis for Hinding être in Passé Simple. Compare the ancient shape of the verb with modern:

Well, it is clear where the dog rummaged.

And finally, another Latin verb - Stare - left his traces in touching être. Its value is to stand, and not only in the sense to be in a vertical position, but in general, it is quite close in meaning to ESSE. This verb gave the basis of three forms of conjugation in Starofranzus language:

• in Imparfait: J "Estois (in modern French j" étais),
• in the communion of the present time: Estant (today it is étant),
• and in the communion of the past time: Esté (modern été)

This verb is Stare - by the way, very alive. He came to all our languages \u200b\u200bfrom Pyranceo-European and, as a result, in the same meaning present in many languages \u200b\u200bfrom this family: in English it is Stand, in German Stehen, in Italian without change - Stare, and even in Russian it is "standing" - Capture similarity? Even the word "stop" has the same roots!

In French, as in many European languages, there is a verb "to be, is", which in the present time, as a rule, is not translated into Russian.
If in Russian Language of the Big House, "Woman is very beautiful", "she is sick" will cost without a verb, the so-called bunch of "Etre" will definitely be sure to appear in French. It is about this verb-bunch that we will talk in this lesson.

The verb "Etre" is hidden on persons and numbers.

Personal pronouns

In order to correctly obey this verb, read the table of personal pronouns of the French language. As in Russian, in French there are three persons (1st, 2nd and 3rd) and two numbers (the only multiple) pronouns. There is no medium in French - only male and female.

Pay attention to the fact that in French there is no single pronoun to designate persons of the plural number of male and female.
For each kind of multiple number there is its own pronoun.

Looking for the verb "Etre" (listen)

So, now Corrosive the verb "Etre". This verb has six different forms - for each pronoun.

* Nasal sounds are indicated by transcriptional signs given in the lesson 4. The remaining transcription sounds are indicated by Russian sounds.

It is important to note that when pronouncing the phrase "Vous êtes" There is a so-called binding: [union]. Phrases «IL EST» and ELLE EST Also pronounced ply: [Tyue] and [Ile].

To form a negation in French is used turnover "NE ... PAS", wherein "NE" should stand before the verb, and "PAS" - after.

For example: tU N'ES PAS MALADE (You are not sick).

As you notice, the letter "E" is reduced to another vowels, and it replaces the apostrophe "".

To ask a question, you can use not one, and three ways!

• The first - you need to change the places to be both failed, in this case, the pronoun and the desired form of the verb "Etre". At the same time, the dash will be written between these two words.

For example:
ES-TU MALADE? [Etya Malad] (are you sick?)

EST-IL MALADE? [Ethyl Malad] (he is sick?)

Please note that the letter "T" before vowel becomes pronounced.

• The second way is the easiest. It is not necessary to change anything in some places, it is enough to add the proposal of the intonation of the question. Of course, this method is popular for spoken speech.
• And finally, in order to ask a question in French, you can use a popular turnover. "EST-CE QUE" [Esczy]. It does not translate into Russian, but allows you to preserve the direct order of the words of the French offer.

For example:
EST-CE QU'IL EST MALADE? [Escile Malad] - Is he sick?

EST-CE QUE VOUS êtes Malades? [Esco Union Malad] - Are you sick?

Pay attention to the fact that the vowel "E" before the pronoun "IL" falls again.

But where did the end of "S" appeared with the word "Malade", you ask. This is another feature of French - coordination . In Russian, we also do the same, say "I am sick", "he is sick", "we are sick." In French, men's genus does not receive any endings, the feminine is added by the end of "E", a plural number - the end of "S".
For example:
Il Est Intelligent [Ile ɛtelzhɑ]. - He is smart.

ELLE EST INTELLIGENTE [ELE ɛTELIZHɑT]. - She's smart.Elles Sont Intelligents [El Sɔtelzhɑ]. - They're clever. (about women)

Please note that the final unprofitable consonant "T" in feminine is primarily pronounced due to the added letter "E".

Ready to securely passing? Perform a pair of exercises!

Tasks for lesson

Exercise 1.Use the desired form of the verb "Etre".

1. IL ... Fatigué (tired).
2. Je ... étudiante (student).
3. Ma Chambre (My Room) ... Grande (Big).
4. ILS ... Charmantes.
5. EST-CE QUE TU ... Médecin? (doctor).
6. Nous ... SûRS (sure).
7. Elle ... désolées (sad).
8. IL ... Marié (married).
9. ... -nous en retard?
10. Elle ... brune (brunette).

Exercise 2.Make questions to proposals using inversion or circulation "EST-CE QUE".

1. TU ES MARIÉE (married).
2. Il Est Libre (free).
3. Vous êtes Prêts.
4. ELLE EST TRISTE (sad).
5. Nous Sommes Malades.

Exercise 3.Complete offers, coordinating adjectives with pronouns.

1. ILLS SONT .... (Content - satisfied).
2. Elle Est ... (Fatigué).
3. Elles Sont ... (Fort).
4. Il Est ... (Grand).
5. ILLS Sont ... (médecin).

Answer 1.
1. EST.
2. Suis
3. EST.
4. Sont.
5. ES
6. Sommes.
7. Sont.
8. EST.
9. Sommes.
10. EST. Answer 2.
1. EST-CE QUE TU ES MARIÉE? - ES-TU MARIÉE?
2. EST-CE QU'IL EST LIBRE? - EST-IL LIBRE?
3. EST-CE QUE VOUS êtes Prêts? - êtes-vous prêts?
4. EST-CE QUE ELLE EST TRISTE? - EST-ELLE TRISTE?
5. EST-CE QUE NOUUS SOMMES MALADES? - Sommes-No Malades? Answer 3.
1. Contents.
2. Fatiguée.
3. Fortes.
4. Grand.
5. Médecins.