There are different options for expressing time in German. If some event or action (Action) took place in the past only once, the German Union "Als" is used, for example:

• Als Thomas Sarah Sah, War Sie Schon Zu Einer Tasse Kaffee Egereladen. "When Thomas saw Sarah, she was already invited to a cup of coffee (in the past a single day.).
• ALS UNSER VATER NACH HAUSE KAM, WAR DAS ABENDESSEN SCHON FERTIG. - When our father came home, dinner was already ready (in the past, a single day.).

When the actions or phenomena are not inherent in a single character, and they occur multiple times, the German Union "Wenn" is used, for example:

• IMMER WENN THOMAS SARAH SAH, WAR SIE SCHON ZU EINER TASSE KAFFEE ENGELADEN. "Always, when Thomas saw Sarah, she was already invited to a cup of coffee (a multiple dealer was in the past.).
• Jeweils Wenn Unser Vater Nach Hause Kam, War Das Abendessen Schon Fertig. "Every time our father came home, dinner was already ready (in the past - a multiple dealer.).
• Wenn Er Eine Günstigere Lösung Findet, Muss Er Sich Bei Uns Melden. - When he finds a more profitable decision, he must inform us (in the future - a single day.).
• Wenn Er Fehler Findet, Muss Er Uns Sofort Darüber Informieren. - When he finds mistakes, he should immediately inform us (in the future - multiple dealer).
• Wenn Du Das Erforderliche Spielzeug Findest, Sage Mir Bescheid. "If you find the desired toy, tell me (in the future a single action.).
• Wenn Barbara In Der Schule Frühstücken Wird, Müßt Ihr Das Bezahlen. - If Barbara has breakfast in school, you must pay for it (in the future a multiple dealer).

There are such speech situations when thought can be expressed without the use of the presidency. In such situations, the apparent are replaced by the words " meanwhile - INZWISCHEN"Or" then - Dann ", which, as a rule, assume the functions of secondary members and require use in the proposals of the opposite of words (otherwise, they occupy places after the main members within the statements), for example:

• ZUERST KAM HOLGER AN, DANACH KANN SEIN NEFFE. - Holger arrived at first, and then his nephew arrived.
• Zunächst Hat Unser Chef Diese Entscheidung Getroffen, Dann Verstand Er Seinen Fehler. - At first, our chef accepted this decision, and then understood his mistake.
• Seine Kollegen Führten Alle Versuche Durch, Inzwischen Bekam Unsere Vertriebsabteilung Neue Vorschriften. - His colleagues have already conducted all the tests, and in the meantime, our sales department received new regulations.
• Alle Familienangehörigen Waren Gerade Beim Abendessen, Da Klopfte Jemand An der Tür. - All family members just dined when someone knocked on the door.

In addition to the aforementioned unions, "WANN" can also be used to express temporary relations interrogative pronoun, eg:

• WANN BEKOMME ICH MEINEN STEMPEL? - When will I get my stamp?
• Jennifer Weiß Nicht, Wann Sie Ihren Koffer Bekommt. - Jennifer does not know when she gets his suitcase.

Between "Wann" and "Wenn" there is a certain difference, and it is not worth confused. When the moment in which an event occurs is unknown, "WANN" is used, for example:

• Die Kinder Wisssen Nicht, Wann Der Spiel Beginnt. - Children do not know when the game starts.
• Wisst Ihr, Wann Wir Die Nächste Lieferung Bekommen? - Do you know when we get the next delivery?

First of all, you need to specify alliances that make up additional supplies and appling causes:

• aSS - what
• oB - lie
• weil - because
• dA - as

And now the most interesting begins. In the main sentence, everything is as usual, and the order of words changes in the apparent way. Substralling immediately after the Union, and the variable part of the fag is ranked late:

• Ich Weiß, Dass Er in Zwei Wocen Nach Deutschland fährt.. - I know that he is going to Germany in two weeks.
• Ich Möchte Wissen, OB Wir Am Samstag Unterricht haben.. - I would like to know if we were on Saturday classes.
• Sie Kommt Heute Nicht, Weil Sie Krank iST.. - She will not come today, because she is sick.

It looks more original if a complex temporary form appears in the sentence, a design with modal verb, etc.:

• Ich Weiß, Dass Er Vor Zwei Wocen Nach Deutschland gefahren Ist.. - I know that he left two weeks ago in Germany.
• Ich Weiß Nicht, OB Sie Das Auto gekauft Haben.. - I do not know if they bought a car.
• Sie Lernt English und Deutsch, Weil Sie Zwei FremdSprachen beherrschen Will.. - She studies English and German, because he wants to own two foreign languages.

If you compare it with a direct order of words: "Er Fährt ...", "Sie IST ...", "Sie Will ...", then you can see a framework design, where the frame is formed by the subject (at the beginning of the apparent offer) and " The attacked set "(at the end).

The negation in the appropriate sentence is facing the leaving or in front of an immutable part of the taught - in a word, not in the last place, because the last place is always "booked" for a variable part of the said:

• ICH HABE GEHÖRT, DASS ER NACH DEUTSCHLAND nicht. Fährt. - I heard that he did not go to Germany.
• Ich Habe Nicht Geantworthet, Weil Ich Diese E-Mail nicht. Bekommen Habe. - I did not answer, because I did not receive this e-mail.

Separated console and components of verbs in the subordinate suggestions are not separated:

• ICH DENKE, DASS ICH MITGEHE. - I think I'll go with you.
• WIR WISSEN NICHT, OB ER MITFÄHRT. - We do not know whether he rides with us.
• ICH HABE DIE LAMPE AUSGESCHALTET, WEIL ICH FERNSEHE. - I turned off the lamp because I watch TV.

Returnal pronoun Sich stands in the appropriate sentence after subject to pronoun, subject to pronounced:

• ICH HABE GEHÖRT, DASS SIE sich. Mit Diesen Problemen Beschäftigen. - I heard that you are engaged in these problems.

But if the appropriate offer is expressed, Sich is usually worth before subject to:

• Ich Weiß, Dass sich. UNSER FREUND MIT DIESEN PROBLEMEN BESCHÄFTIGT. - I know that our friend is engaged in these problems.

Additional additive proposals can be administered not only to the DASS union, but also a question word:

ICH HABE NICHT GEHÖRT, was. Er Gesagt Hat. - I did not hear what he said.

Ich Weiß Nicht, wann. Er kommt. - I do not know when he comes.

Können Sie Erklären, warum. Sie Sich Immer Verspäten? - Can you explain why you always be late?

Wissen Sie, Herr Doktor, Was Ich Heute Morgen Geschossen Habe? - Do you know, Mr. Doctor, what did I start taking this morning?

JA, Das Weiß Ich. Ich Habe Ihn Heute Mittag Behandelt. - Yes I know. I examined it in the afternoon.

Play your role in such suggestions and playless adverbs. They are formed by attachment wO (R) - or dA (R) - To the appropriate pretext:

• Er Fährt. mit. Dem Bus. - Womit. Fährt ER? - Er Fährt. damit.. - He rides a bus. - What is he going on? - on it (\u003d by bus).
• Ich Interessiere Mich. für. FremdSPrachen. - Wofür. Interessieren Sie Sich? - ICH INTERESSIERE MICH dafür.. - I am interested in foreign languages. - What are you interested in? - I'm interested in this.
• Sie Warten. auf. DEN ZUG. - Worauf. Warten Sie? - Sie Warten. darauf.. - They are waiting for the train. - What are they waiting for? - They are waiting for him (\u003d trains).

Playless adverbs can enter additional supplies:

• ER FRAGT, wOVON. Ich Das Weiß. - He asks where I know it.
• Man Hat Mich Gefragt, womit. Ich Mich Beschäftige. - I was asked what I do.

Soyuz dA - as Usually introduces an appling offer if it stands before the main one. That is, in this case, our entire argument begins with the DA Union. The variable parts of the faithful in the main and pressing sentence seek each other and are located at the junction:

Da Er Ein Junger Wissenschaftler iST., hat. Er Ein Forschungsstipendium Bekommen. - Since he is a young scientist, he received a research scholarship.

Da Er Dieses Stipendium Bekommen hat., fährt. Er Nach Deutschland. - Since he received this scholarship, he rides in Germany.

After alliances aber - No., und - and, and, sondern - but, and, denn - Because, oDER - or, or In the apparent offers, the direct order of words is used.

Die Eltern Fahren Nach Italien Für Die Kinder

Parents leave in Italy, and aunt will look after children

Reverse order of words

In the apparent offers after alliances darum, Deshalb, Deswegen, Sonst, Trotzdem, Dann, Folglich Used reverse order of words. That is, subject to and led in the appropriate sentence change places.

Präsens (present)

ICH HABE KEINES AUTO. Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit

ICH HABE KEINES AUTO, MIT DEM BUS ZUR ARBEIT

I do not have a car, so I'm going to work by bus

Perfekt (past time)

In this case auxiliary (haben / sein) become on first place After the Union, and verb in the third form goes away in the end Put supply offer.

Ich Hatte Keines Auto. Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit

Ich Hatte Keines Auto, Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit

I did not have a car, so I went to work by bus

Inversion

In the apparent offers after alliances dASS (that), wEIL (because), wenn (if, when), falls (if), während (for now), bevor (before; before), nachdem (after that), oBWOHL (although) - Used inversion . I.e verb in the appropriate sentence going to the end .

Präsens (present)

kEINES AUTO. Ich Fahre Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit

I do not have a car. I'm going to work on the bus

Ich Fahre Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit, Keines Auto

I'm going to work on the bus, because I do not have a car

Ich Weiß, in der Schule

I know that he is studying at school

Präteritum (past time)

kEINES AUTO. Ich Fuhr Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit

I did not have a car. I went to work by bus

Ich Fuhr Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit, Keines Auto

I went to work by bus, because I did not have a car

Perfekt (past time)

In this case both verb Put supply offer go to the end , but on last place put auxiliary or any other who has been subject to.

Ich Habe Ein Auto Nicht Gekauft. Mit Dem Bus Zur Arbeit

I did not buy the car. I went to work by bus

ICH HABE EIN AUTO NICHT GEKAUFT, MIT DEM BUS ZUR ARBEIT

I did not buy the car because I went to work by bus

If appropriate with the union wenn. Before the main proposal, the main thing often begins with words sO. or dann. :

mEIN BALD, INS KINO

If my friend comes soon, then we will go to the movies

Wenn or Als.

Wenn. In the meaning "when" is used if the actions in the main and pressing proposals occurs simultaneously. Also wenn. in the meaning "when" used to emphasize multi-time actions:

nach Moskau, Mich Unbedingt

When he comes to Moscow, he visits me necessarily

ALS. also translated "when", but is used in the past time single Action:

meine Freundin, Am Sonnstag Im Theater

We met my girlfriend when we were on Sunday in the theater

Design UM ... Zu and Damit

Union Um ... zu + inf. And Damit expresses target .

ER GEHT NACH DEUTSCHLAND, DEUTSCH

He goes to Germany to teach German

Ich Schenke Ihm Ein Lehrbuch Der Deutschen Sprache, Er Deutsche Sprache

I give him a German tutorial so that he can learn German

Statt Design (AN) ... zu

AnStatt Seine Hausaufgaben Zu Machen, Sieht Das Mädchen Fern

Instead of making your homework, girl watching TV

Design Ohne ... zu

Sie Geht, Ohne Sich Zu Verabschieden

She goes not passing goodbye

Inversion with DER (DIE, DAS, DESSEN)

Soyuz dER (die, Das, Desen, Den, Dem ) Expresses the definition.

Ich Fahre in Der Stadt, in Meine Verwandten

I'm going to the city in which my relatives live

What is a German Put supply offer, you can understand by looking at the following scheme with an example:

As you can see, the apparent offer can stand both before and after the main offer.

In the appropriate sentencethe faithful is worth last. If the faeed composite, then the hidden part stands at the latest place, and unchangeable - in front of it. The denial "Nicht" is facing the lean. Separated consoles are not separated. Subject to the union right away.

The order of words in the appling German offer you can see on this scheme:

Thus, it is very important to remember that the pretty sentence is faced at the end. The verb is most often the verb. The immutable and hidden part appears when, for example, we have a modal verb. Ich Kann Kommen. Kann is a hidden part, Kommen - unchanged part.

There are some types of departing offers. Below we give a table of types of departing proposals in which the introductory words (alliances, pronouns) are included, after which the word described words in the presidency are included.

The main types of departures:

1) Causes:

Ich Komme Nicht, weil Ich Krank Bin. I will not come, because I am sick / sick.

ICH MACHE DAS FENSTER AUF, dA ES MIR ZU Heiß Ist. I will open the window, because I'm too hot.

2) Objectives:

Ich Lerne Deutsch, damit. Ich Eine Gute Arbeit Finden Kann. I teach German so that I can / la find a good job.

Ich Arbeite Viel, damit. MEINE KINDER ALLES HABEN. I work a lot so that my children have everything.

If the actors in the main and pressing proposals coincide, then you can use the turn from um ... zu.:

damit. Ich Deutsch Lerne. I arrived / And to Germany to teach German.

Ich Bin Nach Deutschland Gekommen, um. Deutsch. zu. Lernen. I arrived / And to Germany to teach German.

3) Conditions:

Wenn. Es Morgen Nicht Regnet, Gehen Wir in Die Berge. If tomorrow there is no rain, we will go to the mountains.

Falls. Sie Kinder Haben, Bekommen Sie Eine Ermäßigung. In case you have children, you will receive a discount.

4) Time:

Wenn. Du Nach Hause Kommst, Ruf Mich Bitte An. When you come back home, call me please.

Während. Ich Arbeite, Sind Meine Kinder Im Kindergarten. At the time when I work, my children are in kindergarten.

ALS. Ich Acht War, Habe Ich Das Schwimmen Gelernt. When I was eight years old, I learned / learned to swim.

Seitdem. ICH IN MOSKAU WOHNE, HABE ICH IMMER EINEN GUTEN JOB. Since I live in Moscow, I always have a good job.

Wir Haben Noch Eine Stunde Zeit, bIS. Die Gäste Kommen. We have another hour before guests come.

Sobald. Du Fertig Bist, Fangen Wir An. As soon as you are ready / a, we will start.

Bevor. ICH EINKAUFEN GEHE, SCHREIBE ICH MIR IMMER EINE EINKAUFSLISTE. Before you go shopping, I always write a list of purchases.

Nachdem. Ich Die Prüfung Bestanden Habe, Kann Ich Mich Erholen. After I passed / a exam, I can relax.

5) Places and directions:

Ich Möchte Wissen, wO. Wir Sind. I wanted to know where we are.

Ich Weiß Nicht, wohin. DIESER WEG FÜHRT. I do not know where this road leads.

6) concessions:

Obwohl ES REGNET, GEHE ICH SPAZIEREN. Despite the fact that it is raining, I will go for a walk.

7) Comparisons:

Je. MEHR GELD ICH VERDIENE, desto MEHR STEUERN MUSS ICH BEZAHLEN. The more money I earn, the more taxes I have to pay.

Sie Sprechen Besser Deutsch, aLS. Wir Erwartet Haben. You speak German better than we expected.

8) Additional pressing offer:

MAN SAGT, dASS. Benzin Bald Wieder Teurer Wird. It is said that gasoline will soon rise in price.

Können Sie Mir Bitte Sagen, wie DIESES GERÄT FUNKTIONIERT? Can you tell me how this device works?

Ich Weiß Noch Nicht, oB. Ich Morgen Ins Schwimmbad Gehe. I still do not know if I will go to the pool tomorrow.

9) Deterpose Proposal:

Ich Möchte Einen Mann Heiraten, dER Mich Immer Verstehen Wird. I want to marry a man who will always understand me.

Ich Möchte Eine Frau Heiraten, dIE Mich Nie Betrügen Wird. I want to marry a woman who will never change me.

Ich Möchte Ein Kind Haben, dAS. Mich Niemals Enttäuschen Wird. I want to have a child who will never disappoint me.

ICH MÖCHTE DIESEN FILM SEHEN, von. dem.alle Sprechen. I would like to watch this film that everyone says.

And here are those unions thatDo not affect on the order of words input by them:uND, ABER, DENN, ODER, SONDERN

The order of words after these unions is exactly the same as in the main sentence: the hidden part of the responding in second place.

ER ANTWORTETE SICHER, DENN ER HATTE SICH AUF DIE PRUFUNG GUT VORBEREITET.
He answered confidently, as well prepared for the exam.

ICH HABE KEINE ZEIT, UND ICH GEHE NICHT ZUM FUßBALL.
I do not have time, and I will not go on football.

Exercise: Insert suitable unions

1) ... du Willst, BEGLEITE ICH DICH NACH HAUSE.

2) Ich Muss Viel Arbeiten, ... Ich Genug Geld Habe.

3) ... ICH KRANK BIN, MUSS ICH MEINE ARBEIT EROLEDIGEN.

4) Ich Weiß Nicht, ... Wir Machen Sollen.

5) ... Du Das Nicht Machst, Rede Ich Nicht Mehr Mit Dir.

6) ICH GEHE NACH HAUSE, ... ICH MÜDE BIN.

The order of words in the main sentence and in complex, and in complex proposals, with the exception of some nuances, coincides with the word of words of a simple proposal.

Complex proposals

As in Russian, a complex proposal in German consists of two equal proposals connected by the writing union. The order of words in all proposals coincides with the word of words of a simple proposal. Writing unions, such as uND, ABER, DENN, ODER, SONDERN Do not occupy places in the proposal and do not affect the order of words introduced by their proposals:

DIE Eltern. fahren. Nach Italien und. dIE Tante. sorgt. Für Die Kinder. - Parents leave for Italy, and aunt will look after the children.

After these unions, as in any simple sentence, inversion may be observed:

DIE Eltern. fahren. Nach Italian Und Für Die Kinder sorgt. dIE Tante.. — Parents leave in Italy, and for children will look at aunt.

However, there are writing alliances that affect the order of words in the leading proposal, as they occupy a place in the proposal, i.e. They are a full member. These unions include : darum, Trotzdem, Folglich, Dann, Anderseits, Sonst and some others. Since they are an equal member of the sentence, in the introduction of them, they may take not only the very first position, but also the position following the hidden part of the facular:

Franz. hatte Sich Sehr Beeilt, Trotzdem kAM. Er zu spät. - Franz very rushing, but still he came too late.

Franz. hatte Sich Sehr Beeilt, ER kAM. Trotzdem Zu Spät. - Franz is very in a hurry, but he still came too late.

It is possible to connect a number of statements in a complex proposal. And if they are connected by the Union und. And subject to these proposals coincides, it may not be repeated. But if the statement is not in the first place, which happens when inversion, its use is necessary:

Here, subject to the second sentence, you can omit:

ER h. ö rTE NUR KURZ ZU UN war Sofort Dagegen. - He is only this is

Here, subject to the second sentence, it is necessary:

ER h. ö rTE Nur Kurz Zu Und Sofort war Er Dagegen. . — He is only this is Listened to how immediately against.

In general, all the rules for the words of a simple sentence are fair to the same extent for each of the parts of a complex proposal with any unions, but only it is necessary to remember the unions that are full members of the proposal introduced by them.

Combined proposals

Completed proposals consist of a major proposal and one or more addicts dependent on it. Applying proposals form a single integer with the main and separately from it, as a rule, are not used.

In grammatical terms, pressing proposals are completed, i.e. In their composition there is always subject to both faithful. Even if in the pressing offer to be subject to the subject to the main proposal, it cannot be omitted.

The apparent proposal joins the main one with the help of subordinate unions that give the proposal a certain value.

In the apparent proposals, the subject is usually behind the union, and the hidden part taken Located at the end of the sentence. The procedure for following other members of the proposal as simple as a simple proposal:

Die Zerstörungen. waren. So Groß, SO Dass Das Land Andrere Nationen Um Hilfe gebeten. hat. . - Destruction was so great that the country asked the help of other countries.

Puttinglements can stand both after the main and in front of it.

Pressing offer comes after the main thing:

ER SCHRIEB SEINER TANTE, ALS ER GELD BRAUCHTE. - He wrote his aunt when he needed money.

Applying proposal comes before the main thing:

ALS ER GELD BRAUCHTE, SCHRIEB ER SEINER TANTE. "When he needed money, he wrote his aunt."

If the apparent offer is preceded by the main thing, then in the main sentence, the hidden part of the facred is at once after the comma, and subject to the third (or fourth place). In this case, the pressing proposal is as if one member of the main supply in the first place, and thus, inversion takes place in the main sentence.

Also, as in the simple sentence, the pronoun in the pressing offer is as possible at the beginning of the sentence - immediately after the Union:

WENN DIR DIE WOHNUNG NICHT gEF. ä lLT. , brauchst du sie nicht zu nehmen. - If you don't like the apartment, then you have no reason to agree to shoot it.

Applying proposals may also relate not only to the main sentence, but also to another appropriate offer or infinitive group:

Er Ärgerte Sich, Weil Sie Ihn Nicht Begrüßtte, Als Er Ankam. He got angry, because she did not say hello to him when he entered.

DER BESUCHER FÜRCHTET, DIE GASTGÄBER ZU KRÄNKEN, WENN ER DAS HAMMELFLEISCH ZURÜCKWEIST. - The guest is afraid that he offends the owner if he refuses to dishes from lamb.

Infinitive rev

German has special infinitive turns um ... zu, ohne ... zu, anstatt ... zu, Which are independent pressing structures and largely determine the value of the infinitive turnover inhibited by them.

Infinitive turn um ... zu. Calling a goal, intention, desire:

ICHA FAHRE NACH MÜNCHEN, um. Dort. zu.studieren - I'm going to Munich to learn there

Infinitive turn ohne ... zu. means that the expected action does not occur or did not happen:

Er Verließ Die Party, ohne. Sich. zu. Verabschieden. - He left the party without saying goodbye.

Infinitive turn anStatt ... zu. means that someone behaves differently than it usually happens:

Er Ging Ins Ausland, Anstatt Das Geschäft Seines Vaters Zu Übernehmen - He went abroad instead of accepting his father.

Such infinitive turns do not have their own subject. They relate to the designation of a person or subject in the main sentence that performs the role of the subject. They can stand both before the main and after the main offer:

ER VERLIEß SEINE HEIMAT, um.im Ausland. zu.studieren - He left his homeland to learn abroad.

Um. Im Ausland. zu.studieren Verließ Er Seine Heimat - To learn abroad, he left his homeland.

But if the main and appropriate design is different, it is not an infinitive turnover, but a full-fledged appendant offer with alliances damit, Ohne ... Das, Anstatt ... Dass.

To improve German or exam preparation, we recommend classes with tutoring online At home! All the benefits are obvious! Trial lesson for free!

We wish you success!

If you like it - Share with friends: