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Literary critics gave N.A. Nekrasov various assessments: a bright representative of revolutionary-democratic poetry; an innovator in the field of language (Yu.N. Tynyanov); both that, and another (K.I. Chukovsky)

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821 (according to the new style) in the town of Nemirov, Kamenets - Podolsk province, now Vinnitsa province. His father, Alexei Sergeevich, a poor landowner, served here in the 36th Jaeger Regiment with the rank of captain. Three years after the birth of his son, he, having retired as a major, permanently moved to his family estate in the Yaroslavl village of Greshnevo, which was located not far from the Volga.

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Sinner was on the plain, among endless meadows and fields. Here, in the village, the poet spent his childhood. At the estate there was an old, neglected garden, surrounded by a blank fence. The boy made a loophole in the fence and in those hours when his father was not at home, he invited peasant children to his place. Children burst into the garden and pounced on apples, pears, currants, cherries. Of course, the lord's son was not allowed to be friends with the children of serfs. But, having improved the convenient moment, the boy ran away through the same loophole to his village friends, went with them into the forest, bathed in the Samarka river. This moment in his life - direct communication with peasant children, influenced his work. Musician in Greshnevo

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The boy early began to develop will, perseverance, perseverance - qualities that he constantly developed and retained until the end of his life. The poet's sister Anna Alekseevna recalled how his brother learned to ride: “They taught him to ride in a very original and not particularly gentle manner. He himself said that he once fell off a horse eighteen times. It was a mild winter business. But after all his life he was not afraid of any horse, boldly sat on a nag and on a mad stallion. " Another incident occurred while hunting. It happened to him to shoot a duck. It was winter, the dog did not want to go into the cold water. But the young hunter himself swam and took out a duck. “It cost him a fever, but did not discourage him from hunting,” wrote my sister. Sister of the poet

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The manor house stood at the very road, and the road was at that time crowded and brisk - the Yaroslavl-Kostroma pole road. The boy, having sneaked out behind the fence of the estate, got acquainted on the road with all kinds of working people: stove-makers, painters, blacksmiths, excavators, carpenters who moved from village to village, from city to city in search of work. I. Levitan "Vladimirka"

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The poet's childhood memories are associated with the Volga, to which he dedicated many poems. Here, for the first time, he saw deep human suffering. He walked along the shore in a hot season and suddenly he heard groans and after that he saw the barge haulers who wandered along the river ... The child began to think about the cruelty of life. The picture of the people's disaster was revealed to him early.

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Another grief was constantly with him. This is grief in my own family. His mother, Elena Andreevna, who belonged to the family of Polish noblemen Zakrevsky, a meek woman, suffered greatly in marriage. She was a person of high culture, and her husband was a rude, cruel, ignorant person. All day she sat at home alone, and her husband constantly drove around the neighboring landowners: his favorite pastimes were cards, drinking binges, dog hunting for hares. There were days when she sat at the piano all day, singing and crying about her bitter fate. She often took part in issues related to the peasants, interceded for them before her husband. But he often pounced on her and beat her. How Nekrasov hated him at such moments! Elena Andreevna was a connoisseur of world poetry and often told her son excerpts from the works of great writers that he could understand. Nekrasov said that it was the suffering of his mother that awakened in him a protest against the oppression of women. In his poems, one can see not only pity for a woman, but also hatred for her oppressors.

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Study In 1832 Nikolai and his brother Andrey entered the first grade of the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov did not like studying, he attended the gymnasium with great reluctance. He only liked reading, and he became addicted to it. I read what I have to, mostly magazines, but I also came across serious books. He was greatly impressed by Pushkin's revolutionary ode "Liberty". Father did not want to pay for tuition, quarreled with teachers, and after the 5th grade, Nekrasov left the gymnasium.

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In June 1837, Nekrasov left the gymnasium. His father decided to send him to Petersburg, to the Noble Regiment - that was the name of the military school, famous for its senseless and cruel drill. But Nekrasov was attracted by a different fate. He wanted to go to Petersburg to study. For several years he secretly wrote poetry and wanted to be published in the capital's magazines. At the end of 1838, as a sixteen-year-old teenager, after a long journey in a coachman's cart, he arrived in St. Petersburg. “For glory I was in a hurry to the capital,” he jokingly recalled in later poems, since from childhood he wanted to become a poet.

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In St. Petersburg, Nekrasov began to prepare for the entrance exams. The father found out that his son had not entered the School and sent him a rough letter in which he wrote that he would not give his son money. In October 1837, he published his first poems in the metropolitan magazine "Son of the Fatherland" with the note "The first experience of a 16-year-old young poet." The father carried out his threat, and Nekrasov was left without money. This was the most difficult period in Nekrasov's life. He lived in a squalid little room in the basement, ate black bread, and when the hostess threatened to expel him, he moved to the artist Dananberg, who was just as poor as himself. In July 1839 he tried to pass the entrance exams to the Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​of St. Petersburg University, but failed. However, in September of the same year, he entered the first department of the Faculty of Philosophy as a "free listener".

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In 1840, Nekrasov published his first collection of youthful poems "Dreams and Sounds" under the pseudonym "N.N." But soon negative reviews began to appear on the first collection. The poet bought up almost the entire edition of his book and destroyed it. The failure of the book did not stop the poet. In the 40s it was written great amount poems, plays, feuilletons, vaudeville, fairy tales, critical articles, reviews, comedies, and all under pseudonyms. But the poet was paid so little for his titanic work. He continued to be in need for another five years. It was at this moment in his life that he learned to look at life differently, to find his purpose in literature. He saw what life was like for the poor in conditions of slavery, and forever hated the oppressors of the working people.

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Acquaintance with Belinsky In 1943 he met the great Russian critic, revolutionary democrat Belinsky. In early 1845, Nekrasov came to Belinsky and began to read his poem "On the Road" to him. When the last lines were read, “Belinsky's eyes sparkled,” recalls I.I. Panaev, - he rushed to Nekrasov, hugged him and said almost in tears: - Do you know that you are a poet - and a true poet? This day, apparently, should be considered the birthday of Nekrasov as a poet. Belinsky talked with him for a long time and opened his eyes to all the evil that was happening around him.

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Living permanently in St. Petersburg, Nekrasov often visited Greshnevo. He loved to wander through the meadows and forests alone or with one of his village friends. The poet asked them about joy and sorrow, troubles and hardships. In communication with the people, far from the city and the city noise, Nekrasov rested and shook off his worries. I.I. Shishkin "Before the Thunderstorm"

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Not far from Greshnev, on the hill, was the village of Abakumtsevo. On the edge of the village, Nekrasov's untimely deceased mother was buried. She had a beneficial effect on the formation of the poet's views, on his spiritual development. The poet visited his mother's grave more than once, constantly suffering that he could not see his mother before her death. It so happened that the poet was going to his sister's wedding, but ended up at his mother's funeral. Mother's grave in Abakumtsevo

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Nekrasov's poetry, starting in 1845, became the poetry of denunciation. In his poems, he denounced landowners (On the Road, Motherland, Hound Hunting), officials (Official, Lullaby, Modern Ode), rich merchants (Secret). Also at this moment he wrote a lot about simple dependent peasants. In addition to poetry, Nekrasov also wrote prose. In the 1940s, the essay "Petersburg Corners" appeared, which, however, was heavily cut by the censorship.

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At the end of 1846, he obtained a loan of money and, together with the writer Ivan Panaev, rented the Sovremennik magazine, founded by Pushkin. He moved to Sovremennik with his adherents - young progressive writers. Thus, the best literary forces, united by hatred of serfdom, gathered in Nekrasov's journal. The first book of Sovremennik was published on January 1, 1847. For the first time in Russia a magazine appeared with a pronounced revolutionary - democratic program. In the very first books of Sovremennik there were published "Who is to blame?", "Magpie the thief," Herzen, many of Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter", "Hound Hunting" by Nekrasov, articles by Belinsky and other works concluding a protest against the system. I. S. Turgenev, V. A. Sollogub, L.N. Tolstoy, N.A. Nekrasov, D. Grigorovich, I.I. Panaev

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The work was titanic. To publish one book of Sovremennik, Nekrasov read about twelve thousand pages of various manuscripts, corrected up to sixty printed proof sheets (that is, nine hundred and sixty pages), half of which were destroyed by censorship, wrote many letters to censors, employees - and sometimes he himself was surprised, “ how paralysis did not grab his right arm. " Taking on the publication of Sovremennik, Nekrasov hoped that Belinsky would play a leading role in the publishing house. But in 1847 Belinsky died. At that time there was no other writer in Russia who could become the same "ruler of the thoughts" of an entire generation as Belinsky was. But a few years after Belinsky's death, Nekrasov recruited his disciples, the successors of the cause of Russian revolutionary democracy, Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky.

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In 1848, the government was frightened by uprisings and revolution in France and tightened police measures against the spread of all kinds of progressive ideas, making the publication of a leading magazine almost impossible. The censorship terror set in. Practically nothing was allowed into the press, they saw in everything a manifestation of progressive ideas. More than half of the works intended for publication in Sovremennik perished under the censor's red ink. It was necessary to urgently obtain articles and stories that were threatened with the same fate. Nekrasov urgently sat down with A.Ya. Panaeva for the new novel "Three parts of the world", which he wrote at night, as he was busy with his magazine during the day. The novel was written solely to fill the pages of the novel, but here, too, they managed to protest against the hated system.

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Beginning in 1855, Nekrasov's creativity flourished. The poem "Sasha" appears. In 1856, Nekrasov published his collection "Poems of N. Nekrasov" - the first poetry collection of the poet, for which he selected his best poems written by him in the period from 1845 to 1856. ("Poet and Citizen", "On the Road", "Hound Hunting", "Sasha", "Modern Ode", "Homeland", "Gardener", "Forgotten Village" and other poems of the poet, denouncing the hated political regime, landowners, serfdom)

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The poem "Peddlers" was associated with real facts and the real face of G. Ya. Zakharov, to whom Nekrasov dedicated his poem. Once Gavrila Yakovlevich told him a story about the murder of two peddlers, which happened in the forest. This story, with minor changes, formed the basis of the poem. This was the first poem written not only about the people, but also for the people. In the early 60s, Nekrasov was working on the poem "Frost, Red Nose". In it, the poet tells the post-reform life of the peasant, the nature of his work, folk customs and mores. In August 1863, Nikolai Alekseevich from Yaroslavl traveled to Nizhny Novgorod to the fair on a steamer. During the trip, Nekrasov finished a poem, which he soon dedicated to his sister Anna Alekseevna.

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In 1865, Nekrasov published in Sovremennik a cycle of poems "On the Weather", which is a satirical depiction of the post-reform Russian reality. In it, the poet gives a historically complete description of Petersburg in the 60s from the point of view of a revolutionary-democrat. In the late 60s, Nekrasov created a cycle of poems dedicated to Russian children: "Uncle Yakov", "Bees", "General Toptygin", "Grandfather Mazai and the Hares". "Grandpa Mazai and the Hares" has a real basis. But in 1861 Dobrolyubov dies. A year later, Chernyshevsky was arrested and exiled to Siberia. The government decides to get rid of the hated magazine once and for all. In 1865 Sovremennik was banned. But Nekrasov could not do without a magazine for a long time. Two years later, he founded the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and Saltykov-Shchedrin became its co-author.

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Otechestvennye zapiski Censorship brutally persecuted the magazine, and Nekrasov had to wage the same stubborn struggle as in the days of Sovremennik. In the early 70s, the author was overwhelmed by an important topic - the Decembrists. Until then, the censorship did not miss a single work dedicated to the Decembrists. But in 1870, the censorship was slightly weakened, and Nekrasov took the first opportunity to remind the young generation of the great initiators of the revolutionary struggle. Interest in this topic was embodied in two poems, united under the general title "Russian women". These works tell about the wives of the Decembrists, who went after their husbands, exiled from Siberia for revolutionary activities. The poems "Princess Trubetskaya" and "Princess Volkonskaya" Nekrasov first called "Decembrists", but soon replaced it with a more general one - "Russian women".

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The poem "Princess Trubetskoy" was written in Karabikha in the summer of 1871 and published in the 4th issue of "Notes of the Fatherland" for 1872. Despite the fact that the poem was distorted by the censors, the public received it very well. Soon Nekrasov decided to write another poem about the Decembrists. He came to Mikhail Sergeevich Volkonsky and asked him to show him his mother's notes. But the son refused, citing the fact that the notes were too personal. But Nekrasov said that the image of Princess Volkonskaya in his new poem would be greatly distorted. Mikhail agreed. Volkonsky wrote how Nekrasov jumped up from his seat while reading and shouted: "Enough, I can not" sit down at the fireplace and cry bitterly. The poem "Princess Volkonskaya" was completed in the summer of 1872. It was subjected to censorship alterations to a somewhat lesser extent than "Princess Trubetskoy", but still very significant. The poem appeared in the January book "Notes of the Fatherland" for 1873 and was highly appreciated by the public. "My poem" Book. Volkonskaya ", which I wrote in the summer in Karabikha, had such a success that none of my previous writings had yet."

Nikolay Alekseevich

Nekrasov
1821-1877

This poet is remarkable - for his democracy and
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28 (December 10), 1821 in the town of Nemirovo, Bratslav Uyezd, Podolsk province, in the Ukraine, where the regiment in which his father served was stationed at that time. In 1824, the Nekrasov family moved to Greshnevo, where the future poet spent his childhood.
hate.
A. I. Herzen about N. A. Nekrasov
social

There is very little evidence of the poet's childhood, of his family. But Nekrasov's poems reflected not only many facts of his biography, conveyed surprisingly subtly and accurately, not only the impression of individual scenes, which he witnessed, but also the feelings and experiences that these scenes aroused in him ...
No! In my youth,
"Peasant Children".
and there is no memory of a harsh, gratifying soul; But everything that, having entangled my life from the first years, The curse fell on me irresistible ... N.A. Nekrasov (Motherland)
rebellious

The poet's father, Aleksey Sergeevich Nekrasov, belongs to a rather old, but impoverished family. The man is harsh and wayward. Father's favorite pastime was hound hunting, during which peasant plots were often trampled. After a successful hunt, carousing was arranged in the house, the serf band played, the courtyard girls sang and danced.
Poet's father
Hound hunting

Nekrasov's mother, Elena Andreevna, is a surprisingly soft, kind, well-educated woman, she was the complete opposite of a rude and limited husband. Elena Andreevna was seriously engaged in raising children, read a lot to them, played the piano for them and sang. According to the poet, she was "a singer with an amazing voice."
Favorite place for walks of the poet's mother
Manor building in the village of Greshnevo. Musician

And if I easily shook off the pernicious traces of my soul over the years, Trampled everything reasonable with my feet, Proud of the ignorance of the environment, And if I filled my life with a struggle For the ideal of goodness and beauty And wears the song that I composed, Living love deep features, - O my mother, will move I am you! You saved the living soul in me! NA Nekrasov "Mother", 1877.
The grave of E.A. Nekrasova, the poet's mother, in the fence of the church in the village of Abakumtsevo.

The Volga flowed not far from Greshnevo. Together with his village friends, Nekrasov often visited the Volga coast. But one day the boy was shocked by the picture that opened before him: along the river bank, almost bending his head to his feet, a crowd of emaciated barge haulers with their last strength pulled a huge stock exchange. Nekrasov sometimes came to the barge haulers who camped by the river; attentively scrutinized their faces, listened to the conversations that they had among themselves.
Halt of prisoners
On the Volga

In 1832, Nekrasov, together with his brother Andrei, entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Education in the gymnasium was poorly organized. Many teachers were poorly versed in the subjects they taught. For each offense, they severely punished their pupils and Nekrasov studied unevenly, but his comrades loved him for his lively and sociable character. In the summer of 1837, Nekrasov left the gymnasium.
Yaroslavl gymnasium
Yaroslavl. View of Tverskaya Sloboda

Nekrasov was not yet seventeen years old when, filled with a variety of hopes, he arrived in St. Petersburg. A hard time has come. It was not possible to enter the university: the knowledge gained in the gymnasium turned out to be too meager. But the hardships of life did not break Nekrasov, did not shake his passionate desire to learn. He continued to dream of going to university and prepared hard for his exams. However, despite the help of friends, they failed to fulfill their dream.
Petersburg University
Petersburg. Alexandria theater

Petersburg is a magnificent and vast city! Here, I thought I am real life, here and nowhere more happiness! - and like a child rejoiced that I was in Petersburg. But several years passed ... I learned that magnificent and huge houses, in which I previously noticed only velvet and gold, expensive statues and paintings, have attics and cellars where the air is cheese and malignant, where it is stuffy and dark and where ... poverty drags along , misfortune and crime.
N.A. Nekrasov. "Life and Adventures of Tikhon Trostnikov".
Petersburg. Nevsky Prospect

On the advice of one of his acquaintances, Nekrasov decided to collect his printed and handwritten poems and publish them in a separate book called Dreams and Sounds. The collection "Dream and Sounds" came out at the beginning of 1840 goals. Nekrasov hid his name under the initials N.N. As expected Zhukovsky, the book was not a success, although some critics spoke of it in general rather favorably. Only V.G. Belinsky, according to the poet, cursed him.
Dreams and Sounds Magazine

In the middle of 1840, Nekrasov began his active work as a publisher. The poet turned out to be an excellent organizer. Nekrasov published two volumes of the anthology: "Physiology of St. Petersburg", and in 1846 - "St. Petersburg collection", which were warmly received by the public and highly appreciated by progressive criticism in the person of Belinsky. With the help of his friends, the poet, together with the writer II Panaev, at the end of 1846 rented out the Sovremennik magazine.
The house where the editorial offices of Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski were located, where he lived from 1857. and N.A. Nekrasov died

At the beginning of 1850, Nekrasov fell seriously ill. He undertook the publication of a collection of poems, for which he selected the best works. The collection "Poems of N. Nekrasov" was published in the spring of 1856. His appearance became an important social and literary event. The collection included works that called for social transformations, for the fight against all forms of exploitation and oppression.
Nekrasov in the period
"Last Songs"
"Last Songs"

Help me to work, Zina! Labor has always given me life. Here's another beautiful painting - Write it down before I forget. Don't cry furtively! - Believe the hope, Laugh, sing, as you sang in the spring, Repeat to my friends, as before, Each verse written down by you ... N. Nekrasov "Zina"
Z.N. Nekrasova, the poet's wife

In the fall of 1877, Nekrasov became very ill. On the evening of December 27, 1877, Nekrasov died. On a frosty December morning, a funeral procession moved from Nekrasov's apartment on Liteiny Prospekt in the direction of the Novodevichy cemetery. The coffin was carried in our arms all the time. V.A.Panaev, P.V. Zasodimsky, F.M.Dostoevsky made speeches over the poet's grave. "He was taller than Pushkin!" shouted many. This was the opinion of the progressive Russian people, who considered Nekrasov one of them. greatest poets.
The funeral of N.A. Nekrasov
Grave of N.A. Nekrasov

"Poet Nikolai Nekrasov" - In 1847-1864 Nekrasov was in a civil marriage with A.Ya. Panaeva. In 1838 Nekrasov left for St. Petersburg to be assigned to a noble regiment. At the beginning of 1875, Nekrasov fell seriously ill. In 1842-1843, Nekrasov became close to the circle of V.G. Belinsky. In 1845-1846, Nekrasov lived in Povarsky Pereulok, 13 and 19 on the Fontanka River embankment.

"Nekrasov as a poet" - Nekrasov found himself in a difficult position. The poet returned to Russia at the end of 1857. And over her, a melancholy song, like a moan, seemed to hang over her. The country entered new period his historical development... N. ". As expected Zhukovsky, the book was not a success. An excerpt from the poem "I will die soon."

"Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov" - Play, children! Into cold glass. And the puddles turned. Add a word and name the poem. teacher primary grades Bondarenko Natalia Alexandrovna. Dark forest. Monuments to A.N. Nekrasov. Childhood years left a deep imprint on the mind of Nekrasov. In the works of N.A. Nekrasov's children are drawn to knowledge, they want to learn.

"Nekrasov and His Life" - Nekrasov found himself in a difficult position. Already seriously ill, Nekrasov created the poem "Contemporaries" (1875). I had to think about their daily bread. SPLIT IN THE "CONTEMPORARY". But it was too late to change anything. POETRY OF NEKRASOV IN THE 1870s. "LAST SONGS". But the future poet military career did not attract at all.

"Poem Russian Women" - Subsequently, the uprising was called the Decembrist Uprising. In the poem "Russian women" (1841-1872), N.A. Nekrasov used documentary materials. In 1856, a manifesto was announced on amnesty to the Decembrists exiled to Siberia. E.I. Trubetskaya. The house where the wives of the exiled Decembrists lived. The image of a Russian woman in N. Nekrasov's poem "Russian women".

"Nekrasov and Volga" - Childhood of N.A. Nekrasov. The Samarka River on the outskirts of Greshnev. Volga true story of Other times, other paintings I foresee the beginning ... "Reflections at the main entrance." "On the Volga". Find the works of N.A. Nekrasov, in which the Volga is mentioned. But suddenly I heard groans, And my gaze fell to the shore. Go out to the Volga: whose groan is heard Above the great Russian river?

There are 30 presentations in total

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(1821-1878)
Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov
No matter what happens to our literature, no matter how magnificently it develops, Nekrasov will always be among those who make up its pride, its glory, its adornment. N.G. Chernyshevsky.

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on December 10 (according to the old style - November 28), 1821 in the town of Nemirovo (Vinnitsa district of the Podolsk province), in the family of a poor small nobleman. He was the third child in the family. Mother - Elena Andreevna, nee Zakrevskaya, Little Russian noblewoman. Father - Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov, a poor landowner, an army officer. Three years after the birth of his son, he, having retired as a major, permanently moved to his family estate in the Yaroslavl estate of Greshneve. Here, in the village, the poet spent his childhood.
Childhood.

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Greshnevo
The family estate consisted of a large clumsy house, behind it, in the depths of the garden, there was a small two-story wing - a musician's. There was a kennel behind the estate.
Musician in Greshnevo

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At the estate there was an old, neglected garden, surrounded by a blank fence. The boy made a loophole in the fence and in those hours when his father was not at home, he invited peasant children to his place. Children burst into the garden and pounced on apples, pears, currants, cherries. But as soon as the nanny shouted: "Master, master is coming!" - how they instantly disappeared.
Friendship with peasant children.

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The Samarka River near Greshnev.
Of course, the lord's son was not allowed to be friends with the children of serfs. But, having improved the convenient moment, the boy ran away through the same loophole to his village friends, went with them into the forest, bathed in the Samarka river. This moment in his life - direct communication with peasant children - influenced his work.

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The manor house stood on the very road, and the road was crowded at that time. Later, the poet recalled these meetings: Under our thick, ancient elms Tired people were drawn to rest. The guys will circle around: stories will begin about Kiev, about the Turks, about wonderful animals ... The worker will arrange, lay out the shells - planes, files, chisels, knives: "Look, you devils?" show me. So folk life and folk speech became close to Nekrasov from childhood.
Yaroslavl-Kostroma road ..

Slide 7

The poet's childhood memories are associated with the Volga, to which he dedicated many poems. Here, for the first time, he saw deep human suffering. He walked along the bank in a hot season and suddenly heard groans and saw the barge haulers who were walking along the river. They groaned from overwork. The child began to reflect on the cruelty of life. The picture of the people's disaster was revealed to him early.
The Volga River in the Life of a Poet.

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Oh, bitterly, bitterly, I sobbed, When that morning I stood On the banks of my native river, And for the first time I called it the River of slavery and longing! ..

Slide 9

Another grief was constantly next to Nikolai in his own family. His mother, Elena Andreevna, a meek woman, suffered greatly in her marriage. She was a man of high culture, and her husband, Nikolai's father, was a rude, cruel, ignorant man: his favorite pastimes were cards, drinking binges, and hunting hares with dogs. She often took part in issues related to the peasants, interceded for them before her husband. But he often pounced on her and beat her. Elena Andreevna was a connoisseur of world poetry and often told her son excerpts from the works of great writers that he could understand. Already an elderly man, Nekrasov recalled in his poem "Mother": And I hear your voice in the dark, Filled with melody and affection, With which you told me fairy tales About knights, monks, kings. Then, when I read Dante and Shakespeare, It seemed that I met familiar features: That images from their living world In my mind you captured.
Family relationships.

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On the edge of Abakumtsevo stands the Church of Peter and Paul. She was often visited by the Nekrasov family. In the church fence, opposite the altar wall, on the mother's grave there is a white monument topped with a copper cross.
Monument to Elena Andreevna Nekrasova.

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Despite the absence of home teachers, by the age of 10 Nekrasov had mastered literacy and in 1832 he entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium together with his older brother Andrey. Staying at the gymnasium did not become a significant stage in Nekrasov's life; he never once remembered either the teachers or the comrades. Four years of study gave little, and in the last, 1837, Nikolai Nekrasov was not even certified in many subjects. Under the pretext of "upset health", Nekrasov, the father, took his son out of the gymnasium. "
Yaroslavl gymnasium.

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In 1838 Nekrasov decided to enter the St. Petersburg University. My father insisted on entering the cadet corps. But the young man Nekrasov did not listen to his father. Young Nekrasov came to St. Petersburg with a letter of recommendation to the gendarme general D.P. Polozov. The general approved the youth's humanitarian plans and wrote about them to his father. The answer was a rude letter threatening to leave without material support, which was done. Not a single great Russian writer had such a difficult everyday and life experience, which young Nekrasov went through in his first years in St. Petersburg.
"Petersburg Ordeals".

Slide 13

A life full of hardships began. Nekrasov wandered through the Petersburg slums, lived in basements and in attics, earned money by writing papers, drawing up all kinds of petitions and petitions for poor people. The poet said that “there were such difficult months for him that he went to Sennaya Square every day, and there, for 5 kopecks or for a piece of white bread, he wrote letters to peasants, petitions, and in case of failure on the square, he went to the Treasury to sign for illiterate and get a few kopecks for it.
“For exactly three years I felt constantly, every day, hungry,” Nekrasov said shortly before his death to critic A. M. Skabichevsky. - I had to eat not only badly, not only from hand to mouth, but not every day. More than once it got to the point that I went to a restaurant on Morskaya Street, where they gave me newspapers to read, even though I didn’t ask myself anything. You used to take a newspaper for the sake of appearance, and you yourself move a plate of bread to you and eat. "

Slide 14

On the advice of one of his acquaintances, Nekrasov decided to collect his published and unpublished poems and publish them in a separate book called Dreams and Sounds. When the censorship permission had already been received, doubts began to plague the young poet. To dispel them, he went for advice to V.A.Zhukovsky. Zhukovsky pointed out to him two successful poems, and advised the collection not to publish or print without the author's name. “Subsequently, you will write better, and you will be ashamed of these verses,” he added. But it was too late to change anything. The collection "Dreams and Sounds" was published in early 1840. As expected Zhukovsky, the book was not a success.
Later, Nekrasov recalled: “... I come to the store in a week - not a single copy is sold, after another - the same, two months later - the same. In chagrin, I collected all the copies and destroyed most of them. He refused to write lyrical and generally tender works in verse. " And only a few years later, Nekrasov will return to serious poetry, and they will become the main work of his life. In the meantime, he understood only one thing - you need to work, work tirelessly “Lord! how much I worked! It is incomprehensible to my mind how much I worked, I suppose I will not exaggerate if I say that in a few years I completed up to two hundred printed pages of a magazine work; started working on it almost from the first days of his arrival in St. Petersburg. "

Slide 15

Meeting with Belinsky.
In 1843, the poet meets with V.G. Belinsky. The creation of the poem "On the Road" (1845) evoked an enthusiastic assessment of Belinsky: "Do you know that you are a poet - and a true poet?" Nekrasov considered communication with Belinsky to be a decisive turning point in his fate.
V.G.Belinsky

Slide 16

Work at Sovremennik
In the period 1843-1846. Nekrasov published several collections "Articles in verse without pictures", "Physiology of Petersburg", "April 1", "Petersburg collection". In 1847, together with Panaev, he acquired the journal Sovremennik, which gathered around him the best writers of that time: I.S.Turgenev published here The Notes of a Hunter, I.A. critical articles, AI Herzen - the stories "The Thief Magpie" and "Doctor Krupov". Here, poems of Nekrasov himself began to appear regularly. The influence of Sovremennik grew every year, the first works of Leo Tolstoy were published on the pages of Sovremennik: Childhood, Adolescence, Youth and Sevastopol Stories.

Slide 17

I. I. Panaev
Editorial board of the journal "Contemporary"

Slide 18

On May 26, 1848 Belinsky died. It was huge! loss for all Russian literature. But Nekrasov did not lose his presence of mind. At the cost of incredible efforts, he still managed to save the face of Sovremennik and publish on its pages during the "gloomy seven years" the works of such famous Russian writers as I, S. Turgenev, I. A. Goncharov, A. F. Pisemsky, D. V. Grigorovich, V. I. Dal, such poets as N. P. Ogarev, J. P. Polonsky.

Slide 19

Realizing that the censorship at any time can prohibit any work, even already typed in the printing house, and wishing to provide the magazine with material that could always fill the gap that appeared, Nekrasov, together with A. Ya. Panaeva, who wrote under the pseudonym N. Stanitsky, began work on the great novel Three Countries of the World (1848-1849). In a letter to Turgenev, the poet admitted that circumstances forced him "to embark on light fiction." Together with A. Ya. Panaeva, Nekrasov wrote another great novel - "Dead Lake" (1851). The joint work brought the poet closer to A. Ya. Panaeva, whom he had long loved. She soon became his common-law wife.

Slide 20

1868-1878 - Nekrasov - editor of Otechestvennye zapiski.
At his invitation, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin works with him. In the department of fiction published Shchedrin, A.N. Ostrovsky, G.I. Uspensky.
During these years, Nekrasov was working on the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" (1866-76), which remained unfinished, created a poem about the Decembrists and their wives ("Grandfather", 1870, "Russian Women" 1871-72), etc.

Slide 21

The heyday of Nekrasov's creativity
The highest flowering of creativity Nekrasov began in the mid-1850s. In 1855 he finished the poem "Sasha", wrote the poems "Forgotten Village", "Schoolboy", "Unhappy", "Poet and Citizen". The collection "Poems" (many of the poems included in the collection were dedicated to A. Ya. Panaeva), which was published in 1856, was greeted with extraordinary enthusiasm. Even those who did not fully share the poet's ideological views responded positively.

Slide 22

In the early 1850s, Nekrasov fell seriously ill. The disease progressed every year: years of poverty, hunger, hard exhausting work affected. The poet was convinced that his days were numbered, and decided that it was time for him to take stock of his creative path... To this end, he undertook the publication of a collection of poems, for which he selected the best works written by him in the period from 1845 to 1856. was intended to give the entire collection a socially significant character and civic sound.

Slide 23

SPLIT IN THE "CONTEMPORARY". CREATIVITY OF NEKRASOV in the 1860s
Turgenev, Grigorovich, L.N. Tolstoy were wary of the excessively radical judgments of Chernyshvsky and Dobrolyubov, who were convinced that social transformations in Russia can only be carried out through a peasant revolution. Nekrasov found himself in a quandary. On the one hand, he greatly appreciated the participation of Turgenev and Tolstoy in Sovremennik, especially since he had a long-standing friendship with the former, and on the other hand, the poet was clearly aware that it was Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov who gave his magazine direction. Which was close to him.

Slide 24

From 1863 until his death, Nekrasov worked on the main work of his life - the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". The poet told the journalist P. Bezobrazov: “I decided to present in a coherent story everything that I know about the people, everything that I happened to hear from his lips, and I started“ Who lives well in Russia ”. It will be the epic of modern peasant life ”.

Slide 25

POETRY OF NEKRASOV IN THE 1870s. "LATEST SONGS"
In the mid-1870s, Nekrasov fell ill. He complained of malaise, lethargy, and back pain. Doctors could not make a diagnosis for a long time. The drugs didn't help. The trip to the Crimea, undertaken on the advice of the famous doctor S.P.Botkin, did not help either. Already seriously ill, Nekrasov created the poem "Contemporaries" (1875). He continued to work on the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". However, the poet's powers were melting, and more and more often thoughts of impending death occurred to him.

Slide 26

Only at the end of 1876 did doctors define the disease as cancer. At their insistence, the poet underwent an operation, but it only delayed death by several months. His wife Zinaida Nikolaevna looked after the sick Nekrasov with touching care and tenderness.

Slide 27

When the first poems from the "Last Songs" cycle appeared in print, from which readers learned about the poet's serious illness, letters of sympathy began to come to him from all over the country. In the evening of December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878 in a new style), Nekrasov died. Despite the severe frost, a crowd of several thousand people, mostly young people, accompanied the poet's body to the place of his eternal rest in the Novodevichy Convent.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov had a difficult life, his path to literature was difficult. It took years of tireless work and struggle with the hardships of life before he became a poet, whose voice was listened to by all of Russia, and an outstanding organizer of literary forces, who for several decades headed the best magazines of his time, Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski.

Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov () The father of the poet Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov () belonged to a rather old, but impoverished family. In his youth, he served in the army, and after retirement took up farming. A harsh and wayward man, he cruelly exploited his peasants. For the slightest offense, serfs were punished with rods.

The poet more than once said that she saved his soul from corruption, that it was his mother who instilled in him the idea of ​​living in the name of "the ideals of goodness and beauty." A woman surprisingly gentle, kind, well-educated, Elena Andreevna was the complete opposite of her rude and limited husband. Marriage with him was a real tragedy for her, and she gave all her love and tenderness to the children. Elena Andreevna was seriously involved in their upbringing, read a lot to them, played the piano and sang for them. According to the poet, she was "a singer with an amazing voice." Little Nekrasov was passionately attached to his mother, he spent many hours with her, he entrusted his innermost dreams to her.

Love for mother is described in many poems of the poet: "Motherland", "Mother", "Bayushki-baiu", "Knight for an hour", etc. These are autobiographical poems, they describe people of that era, their relationships, their customs and customs. Nekrasov said that it was the suffering of his mother that awakened in him a protest against the oppression of women. In his poems, one can see not only pity for a woman, but also hatred for her oppressors. Elena Andreevna Nekrasova

At the estate there was an old, neglected garden, surrounded by a blank fence. The boy made a loophole in the fence and in those hours when his father was not at home, he invited peasant children to his place. Children burst into the garden and pounced on apples, pears, currants, cherries. But as soon as the nanny shouted: "Master, master is coming!" how they instantly disappeared.

Despite the absence of home teachers, by the age of 10 Nekrasov had mastered literacy and in 1832 he entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium together with his older brother Andrey. Staying at the gymnasium did not become a significant stage in Nekrasov's life; he never once remembered either the teachers or the comrades. Four years of study did not give much, and in the last, 1837, Nikolai Nekrasov was not even certified in many subjects. Under the pretext of "upset health", Nekrasov, the father, took his son from the gymnasium.

In 1843, the poet met with V.G. Belinsky, who was passionately carried away by progressive French ideas, who stigmatized the social inequality existing in Russia. He said: “What is it to me that for the elect there is bliss when most of and does not suspect its capabilities? Grief, heavy grief takes possession of me at the sight of barefoot boys playing grandmothers in the street, and ragged beggars, and a drunk cabman, and a soldier walking from a divorce, and an official running with a briefcase under his arm. " These ideas found a lively response in the soul of Nekrasov: he experienced the bitter lot of the poor man on his own experience

At the beginning of 1875, Nekrasov fell seriously ill (doctors discovered he had intestinal cancer), and soon his life turned into a slow agony. The famous surgeon Billroth was discharged from Vienna in vain; the painful operation had led nowhere. Letters, telegrams, greetings, addresses were poured from all over Russia. They brought great joy to the patient in his terrible torment, and his creativity gushed with a new key.

Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877. Despite the severe frost, a crowd of several thousand people, mostly young people, accompanied the poet's body to the place of his eternal rest in the Novodevichy Convent. The funeral of Nekrasov, which was arranged by itself without any organization, was the first case of a nationwide return of the last honors to the writer.