The ancestor of the Rothschild dynasty, Angel Moses Bauer, owned a jewelry workshop with a gold Roman eagle on a red shield. Over time, the workshop began to be called "Red Shield", and this name - Rothschield - was taken as a surname by his son, Mayer Amschel, who later founded the banking house.

The Rothschild family was turned into a powerful financial clan by his five sons: Amschel Mayer, Solomon Mayer, Nathan Mayer, Kalman Mayer, James Mayer. We will introduce you to them today.

The Rothschild coat of arms depicts five arrows, symbolizing the five sons of Mayer Rothschild, referring to Psalm 126: "Like arrows in the hands of a warrior." Below on the coat of arms is written the family motto, in Latin, Concordia, Integritas, Industria (Consent, Honesty, Diligence).

The Rothschild coat of arms depicts 5 arrows - 5 sons of Mayer

Amschel Mayer Rothschild

Amschel Mayer - eldest son of the founder of the Rothscheld dynasty

Here is a representative of the German branch of the Rothschild financial dynasty. Not much is known about him: he was the second child and eldest son of the founder of the dynasty. After the death of his father in 1812, Amschel Mayer became the head of a bank in Frankfurt am Main. In the documents, the names of father and son - Mayer Amschel and Amschel Mayer - were often confused. Only on closer and more detailed study was it possible to establish which of them was meant. Amschel Mayer died childless, and the management of the banking house passed to his nephews.

Solomon Mayer Rothschild

Solomon Rothschild - 1st Jew to become an honorary citizen of Austria

Founder of the Austrian branch of the Rothschild dynasty. In 1817, his brother James Mayer Rothschild opened the bank de Rothschild Frères in Paris, where Solomon became its shareholder. With a financial education and many years of experience, in 1820 he went to Austria to formalize the family's existing interests in financing projects of the Austrian government, where in the capital he founded SM von Rothschild, which began financing the Nordbahn railway company, the first Austrian railway, and various capital intensive enterprises of the government. Under the leadership of Solomon Rothschild, the Austrian bank gained great success and began to play an important role in the development of the Austrian economy. In recognition of his services to Austria in 1822, Solomon Mayer Rothschild was admitted to the Austrian nobility and received the hereditary title of baron from the hands of Emperor Franz II. In 1843, he was the first Jew to become an honorary citizen of Austria.

Nathan Mayer Rothschild

Nathan Rothschild earned 40 million pounds sterling on one news

Here is the founder of the English branch of the Rothschilds. Nathan Rothschild's most successful business began in 1814, when the British government attracted his bank to finance a military campaign against Napoleon. Large sums of gold were transferred from England to Marshal Wellington and the allies through the banks of the brothers. The Rothschilds were ideal for the movement of huge amounts of money in troubled Europe, saving customers from the risks of transporting money and delays in payment.

Genius example: at the beginning of the battle, Napoleon had the advantage, and the observers reported to London that he was winning. But to the aid of the British troops, under the leadership of Wellington, the Prussian corps arrived in time and the allies won. Nathan Rothschild's courier watched the battle and saw Napoleon flee to Brussels, which later played an important role: he reported this to his superiors. Everyone was convinced Wellington had lost the battle. Then Rothschild began to sell his shares on the stock exchange. After him, everyone began to sell. As a result, the prices of securities fell to almost zero. At that moment, Rothschild's agents bought up the shares on the cheap, and on June 21 at 11 pm Wellington's adjutant delivered the Marshal's report to the government: "Napoleon is defeated." Thus, Nathan Rothschild earned 40 million pounds sterling from this news ( for that money - this is a crazy amount).

Kalman (Karl) Mayer von Rothschild

Karl Rothschild had a reputation for being the least gifted of the five brothers

He is the founder of the Naples branch of the Rothschild financial dynasty. He became known by the name Karl thanks to relatives from the English branch; gained experience in his father's business and lived with his parents until he was 29 years old. In 1821, the occupation of Naples by the Austrian army opened up new business opportunities for the Rothschild family. As a result, Karl was sent to Naples, where he founded the bank C M de Rothschild & Figli as the representative office of the parent bank. Despite having a reputation as the least gifted of the five brothers, he proved himself in Naples to be a strong financier and very capable of developing critical business relationships. This is how Karl established the good business relationship with the Minister of Finance of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, after which his bank became dominant in Naples. Following Karl's success, the Rothschild banking house was represented in all major European capitals and gained significant influence and advantage over its competitors.

In January 1832, he, a Jewish banker, received the ribbon and star of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George from the hands of the new Pope Gregory XVI.

James Mayer Rothschild

The younger generation of Rothschilds calls James "The Great Baron"

James is the youngest of the sons. In 1812, he was only an agent of Nathan's brother in Paris, but over time he delved deeper into the financial affairs of the ancestral bank. James proved to be the most successful in business, and after the death of his brother Nathan in 1836, he took over the leadership of the Rothschild case. He led his brothers and nephews into the "era of the industrial revolution." In the thirties and forties of the 19th century, James financed very large investment projects: the construction of a railway network around Paris and in the north of France. His bank helped the National Bank of France overcome the monetary crisis by providing enough gold to cover the money being issued. The younger generation of Rothschilds call him "The Great Baron".

For a quarter of a century, James became the second richest man in France, only the king's fortune was greater.

On May 17, the investment bank Rothschild & Co will be headed by a representative of the seventh generation of the famous Rothschild dynasty - 37-year-old Alexander de Rothschild. For two hundred years, the family has been strictly observing the precepts of the patriarch and the founder of the clan, who ordered the descendants to always act together, entrust the management of the family business only to male relatives and maintain secrecy in business. The famous banking house has been dealing with transactions of historical magnitude for centuries. The image of the omnipotent behind-the-scenes puppeteers was formed under the impression of their activities. Conspiracy theorists are sure that the famous family, whose branches are widely spread in Europe and the United States, controls world finances with help. The origins and change of generations in the well-known banking clan - in the material.

Shop under a red sign

The end of the eighteenth century is an era of gigantic changes for Western Europe: the revolution and the overthrow of the monarchy in France, the birth of industrial production, a series of large-scale wars, the gradual loss of political influence by the aristocratic landowners and the emancipation of oppressed groups. It was at this time that the foundation of the financial power of the Rothschilds was laid. The founder of the dynasty is Mayer Amschel, the son of Amschel Moses, a humble money changer from the Jewish quarter in Frankfurt am Main.

His father wanted the bright boy to become a rabbi, but Mayer showed a penchant for worldly affairs. For some time he practiced at the Oppenheimer's banking house in Hanover. Then he worked in his father's exchange shop under a red sign (in German it sounds like Rot Schild, later this phrase became a surname). Having “caught the trends”, Mayer Amschel started buying up old coins and medals. The German nobility of that time was fond of collecting various antiquities, so the courteous and neat young man quickly made useful acquaintances with the mighty of the world this, and the change shop was transformed into a bank.

The career of the ghetto moneychanger's son took off after he met the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Wilhelm. Traditionally, Jewish bankers engaged in various financial transactions for German princes... For example, the Habsburgs' court bankers in Vienna were representatives of the House of Oppenheimers, King of Prussia Frederick II the Great used the services of the Berlin firm Ephraim and Sons. Bypassing competitors with the help of patronage and gifts to patrons, Mayer Amschel became the main court financier of Wilhelm.

Everybody in the house

The well-being of the family went up sharply, the growing children were actively involved in the family business. Like fairy-tale characters throwing arrows in search of happiness, Mayer's sons dispersed to the largest cities in Europe: Solomon to Vienna, Nathan to Manchester (he later moved to London), Kalman to Naples, Jacob to Paris. The eldest son remained in Frankfurt am Main. In memory of this, the Rothschild coat of arms depicts five arrows and a motto in Latin: Concordia, Integritas, Industria - Consent, Honesty, Diligence.

This is how the international financial network was founded, covering the most developed European countries. Formally competing, the brothers supported each other in every possible way and exchanged news using coded Yiddish correspondence. Subsequently the most viable branches family tree turned out to be English (from Nathan) and French (from Jacob) - they are still flourishing.

The court financier approached the marriages of children very seriously: the sons brought daughters-in-law with a substantial dowry to the family, the spouses of the daughters also belonged to the clan, but worked in lower positions. In any case, sons-in-law did not have a chance to take the helm of the family business. The wealth of the clan could only be controlled by a male descendant of Mayer Amschel. The money earned had to remain in the family, so Mayer's descendants married cousins ​​and second cousins.

However, this is what the entire elite did. For example, by the end of the 19th century, the Austrian imperial family turned out to be so ramified that marriages between relatives belonging to different branches of the Habsburg clan became more and more frequent, Andrei Shary and Yaroslav Shimov write in their book "Austria-Hungary: the fate of the empire". Archduke of Austria-Hungary Franz Ferdinand, who became heir to the throne in 1895, was indignant about this: “If someone from our family falls in love on the side, there will certainly be some kind of nonsense in the pedigree that prevents such a marriage. So it turns out that we have a husband and wife, all twenty-fold relatives. As a result, half of the children are fools or complete idiots. "

The Rothschilds entered into marriages exclusively with adherents of Judaism and won the glory of the "Jewish royal family". The rules established by Mayer Amschel remained unchanged for 200 years, only in the 1970s, David René, a representative of the French branch of the Rothschilds, married a Catholic, Italian aristocrat Olympia Aldobrandini. They raised their daughters in the Catholic faith, but the only son Alexander - the future heir to the family business - in Judaism. Also in 2010, the Rothschilds for the first time appointed an out-of-kin person - Briton Nigel Higgins as the executive director of the investment bank NM Rothschild. True, Higgins was still not a completely alien - by this time he had worked for the family for a quarter of a century.

To whom is the war

The Rothschilds could have remained at the level of the small-town rich, if not for the war. In 1806, the French Emperor Napoleon I invaded Germany. Landgrave Wilhelm fled the country, leaving affairs in the care of his court banker. It was then that Mayer came in handy with his arrow, fired in the direction of Foggy Albion. His son Nathan immediately gave up the textile trade in Manchester and retrained as a stock exchange tycoon in London.

The French confiscated part of Wilhelm's gold, but the main capital of his boss, Rothschild Sr., through operations with Nathan's securities, managed to transfer to England. To celebrate, the landgrave wrote to the court bankers for a symbolic commission all the rights to manage their securities, and Nathan started buying and selling British government bonds. So the Rothschilds became the first European millionaires and financed Britain's wars against Napoleon. One of their brightest operations is ferrying gold for Wellington's army in Spain.

On September 19, 1812, the Russian army exhausted by battles under the command of Field Marshal Prince Golenishchev-Kutuzov retreated to Podolsk. On the same day in a house on Jewish Street in Frankfurt am Main, in the seventieth year of his life, the founder of the Rothschild house, Mayer Amschel, died, but his business lived on and grew - the wealth and influence of the Rothschild brothers increased along with the amounts of loans provided by them.

Frame: yorktheatre / YouTube

There is a legend that Nathan learned about the victory over Napoleon at Waterloo a day earlier than anyone else in London, but he came to the stock exchange with a sad face and started selling government bonds. Seeing this, the stockbrokers decided that the British and their allies were defeated, and rushed to get rid of the papers for next to nothing. After waiting for the collapse, the agents of the cunning Nathan bought up the cheaper government bonds. As a result, the London Rothschild earned 40 million pounds from this operation. However, some researchers deny this story's credibility - Nathan bought securities amid defeatist sentiments before the Battle of Waterloo, they say.

The peace established in Europe after Napoleonic Wars, also contributed to the growth of the family's well-being - the war-torn countries needed loans to rebuild. The grateful victorious monarchs endowed the banker brothers with the nobility, and the Austrian emperor Franz II granted the Rothschilds the title of baron. Napoleon tried to conquer Europe with rifles and cannons, but he lost. The Old World submitted to bills and loans from a banking family.

World behind the scenes

The nineteenth century was the golden age of the Rothschilds. Europe, and with it the whole world, was rapidly changing, the Rothschild banking network financed the construction industrial enterprises, railways, UK purchase of the Suez Canal, development oil fields v Russian Empire(on the territory of present-day Azerbaijan).

The Rothschilds partnered with De Beers in the search for diamonds and gold in South Africa. They are accused of helping to unleash military conflicts, for example, the devastating war between Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay with Paraguay. Numerous descendants of Mayer Amschel were fond of luxury and art, the construction of palaces and charity. But by the end of the century, the family's fame began to fade. Perhaps they themselves wanted it, because money, as you know, loves silence, and left and right publicists blamed the bankers for all the troubles of mankind.

In the twentieth century, the Rothschild structures began to specialize in large-scale mergers and acquisitions. Conspiracy theorists consider the Rothschilds to be the masterminds behind the First Bank of the United States, the prototype of the Federal Reserve System (FRS). The dynasty is ranked among the real masters of the system. The Fed is officially owned by 12 Federal Reserve Banks, approved but organized as private companies.

The Rothschild family tree stretches back 150 years.

In the Rothschild family, marriages are concluded only with representatives of the Catholic faith. Exceptions are made for women, but men are required to marry exclusively Catholic women.

The family tree of the Rothschilds is very confusing: all generations have kept the names of their ancestors.

At every family celebration, all guests were presented with a chocolate soufflé, this has become a tradition over time, since the Rothschilds have always had a weakness for sweets.

The history of the Rothschild family begins with the city of Frankfurt, although now it says almost nothing about this family. Once, in a small Jewish ghetto, here he married Gutele Schnapper, got a small shop, and then had five sons (out of 12 children, 10 survived). It was they who achieved incredible success, fortune and fame in the field of business. Now in Frankfurt there is a Rothschild park, several documents from the city archives, the rest of the evidence was taken away by the Second World War.

It was Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) who once said: "Let me manage the money of the country, and I don't care who sets the laws there."

Where did the Rothschild surname come from?

Part of the surname "Rothschild" comes from the German "mouth" - "red". Mayer Rothschild's parents once lived in a house with a red roof. The peculiarity of their house served as a nickname for their family, since in those days it was impossible for Jews to have surnames.

collecting coins

Mayer Amschel's ascent began with the study and collecting of old coins. At first, this occupation seemed completely hopeless, and given the total poverty, it was also stupid. By the way, Mayer Amschel made one fateful choice, abandoning a rather "warm" place in the exchange office (Hanover) after studying in favor of a hopeless Jewish ghetto with the humiliation of its people and the inability to earn money. 20 years later after studying and practicing in the office, Mayer Rothschild returns practically to "nowhere" and as a result makes a fortune! Another proof that the prospects are not always obvious.

Currency exchange

In the 18th century, Germany was like a patchwork land, where everyone spoke their own dialect and had their own currency. Mayer Rothschild could not stop selling old coins, because it was a rare and unstable income, although he managed to carry out some deals even with royal persons. During fairs, coins of various origins flocked from all over Germany - ducats, florins, etc. Mayer came up with the idea of ​​organizing an exchange office for such fairs, and he welded well on the difference from the exchange.

The founding of the dynasty

The head of the Rothschild family dreamed of a strong dynasty and did not lose by teaching his sons the skills of banking. After a while, 5 sons achieved no less success than their father. They had energy, thirst for profit, the ability to see the prospect of income, without being greedy here and now. In 1800, a father makes his children partners. Until now, only family members have held key positions in banks and firms. This was an important and fundamental law of the dynasty.

Business was only passed on through the male line, and no one could access it. Even the husbands of the daughters remained abroad and kept in the dark. It remains so to this day.

The head of the family has always taught his children that the family is the most important thing. The bonds of brotherhood were so strong that gradually the Rothschilds introduced a new tradition into their family - to save not only money, but also the name within the family, as the royal family of the Habsburgs did. And the first to do this was James, the youngest son of Mayer Rothschild. On July 11, 1824, he married Betty, the daughter of his older brother, Solomon, that is, his niece. History notes 58 marriages that were concluded by the descendants of the elder Rothschild, and half of them were with cousins.

This policy was driven by 3 main factors:

• preserve the name, preventing others from preying on it;
• preserve capital, and not split it into small parts;
• a dowry to family members of the same level as that of the Rothschilds could only be provided by the Rothschilds themselves.

The eldest son, stayed to live in Frankfurt, in his father's house, in the same poor ghetto. He never had children, but he gave great importance the fate of their nephews and nieces, keeping the dynasty intact due to family ties in marriages. It was he who introduced the tradition of holding wedding ceremonies for all family members in Frankfurt, in the same ghetto.

Dowager Gutele, wife of the founder of the Rothschild dynasty, remained in her house until the end of her life and died at the age of 96. It was to her that the newlyweds came to ask for blessings. It was Gutele who made the final decision on choosing a partner in a new marriage.

Once, a neighbor of Gutele in the ghetto, ran to her house, worried that her son might be taken to a new war. She wanted to know if there would be a war. To which the Rothschild Dowager Empress replied: "Nonsense, my boys won't let them."

House of Barons v. Rothschild

Coat of arms of the Barons Rothschild (Prussia)

The Rothschild dynasty (also known as the House of the Rothschilds) is a European dynasty of bankers whose history dates back to the end of the 18th century.

The Austrian emperor Franz II bestowed the title of nobility on the five Rothschild brothers, and then in 1817, the title of baron (both were later recognized by the rest of the European monarchs).

The ancestor of the Angel dynasty Moses Bauer owned a jewelry workshop. The workshop emblem depicted a golden Roman eagle on a red shield. Over time, the workshop began to be called "Red Shield", and this name - Rothschield - was taken as a surname by his son, Mayer Amschel, the founder of the dynasty.

On the coat of arms background The Rothschilds depict five arrows, symbolizing the five sons of Mayer Rothschild, by analogy with text 126 psalm : "As arrows are in the hand of a mighty man, so are children of the youth." The family motto is written in Latin below on the coat of arms: Concordia, Integritas, Industria (Consent, Honesty, Diligence).

When the Rothschild dynasty did not yet belong to the barons, they submitted a sketch of their coat of arms to the Austrian Heraldic College.

Initially, the coat of arms included a crown with seven teeth and various signs of baronial dignity. There were storks on it as a symbol of piety, and hounds symbolizing loyalty, and lions, as well as an Austrian eagle. The hand holding five arrows, symbolizing the brothers, sons of the founder of the family, Mayer Amschel Rothschild. The Rothschilds believed that they could get the crown and other royal and ducal symbols for the coat of arms. But the collegium changed the coat of arms: the crown turned into a helmet, storks, hounds, and lions were completely removed. A part of the Austrian eagle remained on the coat of arms. The hand that grips the arrows was also changed - instead of five arrows, it squeezed four. On March 25, 1817, the changed coat of arms was approved. The Rothschilds were not satisfied with this decision and at the congress, they turned to the Duke von Metternich, with a request from the House of Rothschilds to accept their version of the coat of arms. Six days later, an imperial decree elevated all five brothers and their legitimate descendants of either sex to the barony. The number of arrows on the coat of arms returned to five, the Hessian lion returned with the Austrian eagle, but a helmet remained in the center instead of a crown.

Family Tree of the House of Barons von Rothschild

Family tree of the House of Barons von Rothschild

taking into account, descendants on female lines:

The founder of the dynasty is Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812), a banker and his wife since 1770, Gertrude Schnapper (1753-1849).

Children:
- Jeanette Rothschild (1771-1859) - husband since 1795, Benedict Worms (1772-1824) founders of the "von Worms branch" (not bearing the name Rothschild)
- Amschel Mayer Rothschild (1773-1855), banker - wife since 1796, Eva Hanau (1779-1848) the only representative of the branch called "Frankfurt" (without descendants)
- Salomon Mayer Rothschild (1774-1855), founder of the Vienna branch of the bank
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836), founder of a branch of the bank called "London"
- Kalman Mayer Rothschild (1788-1855), founder of a branch of the bank called "Naples"
- Henrietta Rothschild (1791-1866) - wife since 1815 of Abraham Montefiore (1788-1824), founders of the Montefiore branch (not named Rothschild)
- James de Rothschild (1792-1868), founder of a branch of the bank called "de Paris"

Descendants of Jeanette von Rothschild (1771-1859) and Benedict Worms (1772-1824), founders of the "von Worms branch" (not named Rothschild).

1.Solomon Benedict von Worms (1801-1882) - husband since 1827 Henrietta Samuel (1810-1845)
2/1. Ellen Henrietta von Worms (1836-1894) - husband since 1857 Adolph Landauer (1829-1885)
3/2. Henrietta Landauer - husband since 1877, Maurice Weil (1845-1924)
4/2. Evelina Landauer (1859-1930) - husband since 1878 Paul Freyer von Schei Koromla (1854-1922)
5/4. Philip Freyer von Shay Koromla (1881-1929) - husband since 1906 L. Yu. Von Goldschmidt - Rothschild (1883-1925)
6/5. Alix Freiin Shay von Koromla (1911-1982) - spouses: 1. (1929-1936) Kurt Kramer (1900-1936) and 2. (1937-1956) Guy de Rothschild (1909 - 2007)
7/6. Lily Kramer (1930-1996) - husband from 1951 to 1980 Maurice Reims (1910-2003)
8/7. Bettina Reims (b. 1952) - husband of Jean-Michel Darrois (b. 1947), business lawyer
9/7. Natalie Reims (b. 1959) - spouse since 1989 Leo Scheer (b. 1947) Editor and producer.

Descendants of Salomon Mayer von Rothschild (1774-1855), banker and founder of the Vienna branch of the family - wife of Caroline Stern (1782-1854).

A1. Anselm Solomon von Rothschild (1803-1874) - wife since 1826 Charlotte von Rothschild (1807-1859) (from the London branch)
1 / A1. Julie von Rothschild (1830-1907) - husband since 1850 Adolph Karl von Rothschild (1823-1900) (from a branch of the family called "Naples")
2 / A1. Matilda von Rothschild (1832-1924) - husband since 1849 Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild (1828-1901) (from the branch of the family called "Naples")
3 / A1. Ferdinand James Anselma von Rothschild (1839-1898), British subject from 1885 to 1898 - wife since 1865 Evelyn de Rothschild (1839-1866)
4 / A1. Alice Charlotte von Rothschild (1847-1922), lived in England (single)
V. Betty Salomon de Rothschild (1805-1886) - husband since 1824 James de Rothschild (from the branch of the family called "Paris")

Descendants of Nathan Mayer von Rothschild (1777-1836), banker and founder of a branch of the family called "London" - wife since 1806 Hannah Barent Cohen (1783-1850).

A. Charlotte von Rothschild (1807-1859) - wife since 1826 of Anselm Salomon von Rothschild (1803-1874) (from the branch of the Vienna family)
V. Lionel von Rothschild (1808-1879) - wife since 1836 Charlotte von Rothschild (1819-1884) (from the branch of the Naples family)
B1 / B. Leonora von Rothschild (1837-1911) - husband since 1857 Alphonse de Rothschild (1827-1905) (from the branch of the family

"Paris")
B2 / B. Nathan Mayer von Rothschild (1840-1915), 1st Baron Rothschild and 2nd Baronet of the British Crown - wife since 1867 Emma Louise von Rothschild (1844-1935) (from the Naples family branch)
В3 / В2. Lionel Walter von Rothschild (1868-1937), 2nd Baron Rothschild and 3rd Baronet (no legal offspring)
В4 / В2. Nathaniel Charles von Rothschild (1877-1923) - wife since 1907 Rosica Edl von Wertheimstein (1870-1940)
B5 / B4. Victor von Rothschild (1910-1990), 3rd Baron Rothschild and 4th Baronet. H flax of the Royal Society of London.Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire. Knight of the Order of St. John. Knight of the Order of Malta. Biologist - spouses: 1.from 1933 Barbara Judith Hutchinson(1911-1989) and 2.from 1946 Teresa Georgina Mayer ( 1915— 1996)

B6 / B5. Nathaniel Charles Jakob von Rothschild (1936-), banker, 4th Baron Rothschild banker and 5th Baronet - wife since 1961 Serena Mary Dunn, the family had four children: Hannah Mary (b. 1962), married Brookfield; Beth Matilda (b. 1964), married to Tomassini; Emily Magda (b. 1967), married Freeman-Atwood and Nathaniel Philip Victor James (Nat) (b. 1971)

B7 / B6. Nathaniel Philip Victor James von Rothschild (1971) youngest of four children and only son Lord Jacob Rothschild and Serena Mary Dunn, granddaughter of Sir James Dunn, a Canadian financier and tycoon. How the son of a baron has a title The Honorable.
B8 / B5. Amschel Rothschild (1955-1996), banker
B9 / B8. James Rothschild (born 1985)
B10 / B. Leopold de Rothschild (1845-1917)
B11 / B10. Lionel de Rothschild (1882-1942)
B12 / B11. Edmund de Rothschild (1916-2009)
B13 / B12. Nicholas de Rothschild (born 1951)
B14 / B12. Lionel de Rothschild (born 1955)
B15 / B10. Anthony Gustav de Rothschild (1887-1961) - wife of Yvonne Caen d "Anvers (1899-1977)
B16 / B15. Evelyn de Rothschild (born 1931)
B17 / B16. Anthony de Rothschild (born 1977)
B18 / B16. David de Rothschild (born 1978)
S. Anthony de Rothschild (1810-1876), 1st Baronet of the British Crown from a family - spouse since 1840 Louise Montefiore (1821-1910)
D. Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870) - wife since 1842 Charlotte de Rothschild (1825-1899) (from the "Paris" family branch)
D1 / D. Nathan James de Rothschild (1844-1881) - wife since 1871 Laura von Rothschild (1847-1931) (from the Naples family branch)
D2 / D1. Henry James de Rothschild (1872-1946) - wife since 1895 to Matilda Weissweiller (1872-1926)
D3 / D2. James de Rothschild (1896-1984) - wife since 1923 Claude Dupont (1904-1964)
D4 / D3. Nicole de Rothschild (1923-2007), actress
D5 / D3. Monique de Rothschild (born 1925)
D6 / D2. Nadine de Rothschild (1898-1958) - husband since 1919 Andrian Thierry (1885-1961)
D7 / D2. Philippe de Rothschild (1902-1988) - wife since 1935 to Elizabeth Pelletier Chambure (1902-1945)
D8 / D7. Philippine de Rothschild (1933-2014) shareholder of the bank "Baron Philippe de Rothschild S.A.," including the owner of Château Mouton Rothschild
E. Louise von Rothschild (1820-1894) - husband since 1842 Mayer Karl von Rothschild (1820-1886) (from the Naples family branch)

Descendants of Kalman Mayer von Rothschild (1788-1855), banker and founder of a branch of the bank called "Naples" - wife since 1818 Adelheid Hertz (1800-1853)

A. Charlotte von Rothschild (1819-1884) - husband since 1836 Lionel de Rothschild (1808-1879) (from the London branch of the family)
W. Mayer Karl von Rothschild (1820-1886) - wife since 1842 Louise von Rothschild (1820-1894) (from the "London" family branch)
B1 / B. Adelheid (Adele) von Rothschild (1843-1922) - husband since 1862 Solomon de Rothschild (1835-1864) (from the branch of the "Paris" family)
B2 / B. Emma Louise von Rothschild (1844-1935) - husband since 1867 Sir Nathan Mayer von Rothschild (1840-1915) (from the London branch of the family)
B3 / B. Henrietta Clementine von Rothschild (1845-1865)
B4 / B. Laura von Rothschild (1847-1931) - husband since 1871 Nathan von Rothschild (1844-1884) (from the London branch of the family
B5 / B. Hannah von Rothschild (1850-1892)
B6 / B. Margarete von Rothschild (1855-1905) - husband since 1878 Agenor de Gramont (1851-1925)
B7 / B. Clara Berthe von Rothschild (1862-1903) - husband since 1882 Alexander Berthier, 3e prince de Wagram (1836-1911)
S. Adolph Karl von Rothschild (1823-1900) - wife since 1850 Julie von Rothschild (1830-1907) (from the branch of the Vienna family)
D. Wilhelm Karl von Rothschild (1828-1901) - wife since 1849 Matilda von Rothschild (1832-1924)
D1 / D. Adelheid von Rothschild (1853-1935) - husband since 1877 Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) (from the branch of the "Paris" family)
D2 / D. Minna Caroline von Rothschild (1857-1903) - husband since 1878 Maximilian Benedict Goldschmidt (1843-1940) (Goldschmidt-Rothschild in 1878, Baron von Goldschmidt-Rothschild 1903)
D3 / D2. Lili von Goldschmidt-Rothschild (1883-1925) - husband since 1906 Philip von Schey Koromla (1881-1929) (from the branch of the "von Worms" family)

Progeny of James de Rothschild (1792-1868), banker and founder of a branch of the bank called "Paris" - wife since 1824 Betty Salomon de Rothschild (1805-1886)

A. Charlotte de Rothschild (1825-1899) - husband since 1842 Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870) (from the London branch of the family)
W. Alphonse de Rothschild (1827-1905) - wife since 1857, Leonora von Rothschild (1837-1911) (from the "London" family branch)
B1 / B. Betty de Rothschild (1858-1892) - husband since 1876 Albert Salomon de Rothschild (1844-1911)
B2 / B. Rene de Rothschild (1861-1861)
B3 / B. Beatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild (1864-1934) - husband since 1883 Maurice Ephrussi (1849-1916)
B4 / B. Edouard de Rothschild (1868-1949) - wife since 1905, Alice Jermain Alfana (1884-1975)
B5 / B4. Alphonse de Rothschild (1906-1911)
B6 / B4. Guy de Rothschild (1909-2007) banker - spouses: 1. Since 1937, Alix Shay von Koromla (1911-1982) (from the branch of the "von Worms" family (do not use the Rothschild surname); 2. Since 1957, Marie-Helene van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1927-1996)
B7 / B6. David de Rothschild (b.1942) - wife since 1974, Olimpia Aldobrandini (b.1955)
B8 / B7. Lavinia de Rothschild (born 1976)
B9 / B7. Stephanie de Rothschild (born 1977)
B10 / B7. Alexander de Rothschild (born 1980)
B11 / B7. Louise de Rothschild (born 1989)
B12 / B6. Edouard de Rothschild (b. 1957) - spouses: 1. Since 1981, Matilda Coche-de-la-Ferte (b. 1952); 2.Since 1991 Arielle Marie Malard (born 1963)
B13 / B12. Ferdinand (b.2003)
B14 / B12. David (b. 1998)
B14 / B12. Eleanor (David's twin sister) (b.1998)
B15 / B4. Jacqueline de Rothschild (1911-2012) - spouses: 1.Since 1930, Robert Calmann-Lévy (1899-1982); 2.Since 1937 Gregor Piatigorsky (1903-1976)
B16 / B15 Jep (b.1937)
B17 / B15. Yoram (born 1940)
B18 / B4. Bathsheba Rothschild (1914-1999) - consort since 1948 of Bloomingdale David (1913-1954)
S. Gustave de Rothschild (1829-1911) - wife since 1859 to Cecile Anspach (1840-1912)
C1 / C. Zoe de Rothschild (1863-1916) - husband since 1882 Leo Lambert (1851-1919)
C2 / C. Robert de Rothschild (1880-1946) - wife since 1907 Gabrielle (1886-1945)
C3 / C2. Diana de Rothschild (1907-1996) - husband from 1932 to 1952 Anatol Muhlstein (1889-1957)
C4 / C3. Elena Cecilia Muhlstein (1936-2007) - husband since 1962 to François Nourissier (1927-2011), President of the Academy of Goncourt
C5 / C2. Alain de Rothschild (1910-1982) - wife since 1938 Mary Natalia (1916-2014)
C6 / C5. Beatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild (born 1939) - husband since 1981 Pierre Rosenberg, President of the Louvre, member of the French Academy
C7 / C5. Eric de Rothschild (born 1940), director of the Château Lafite Rothschild vineyard, chairman of the Rothschild Foundation
C8 / C2. Elie de Rothschild (1917-2007)
C9 / C8. Nathaniel de Rothschild (born 1946)
C10 / C9. Raphael de Rothschild (1976-2000)
C11 / C8. Elie de Rothschild Jr. (born 1965)
D. Salomon de Rothschild (1835-1864) - wife since 1862 Adelheid von Rothschild (1843-1922) (from the branch of the "Naples" family)
D1 / D. Helene de Rothschild (1863-1947) - husband since 1887 to Etienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1860-1934)
D2 / D1. Egmont van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1890-1960) - wife since 1927 to Marguerite Namétalla (? -1996)
D3 / D2. Marie-Helene van Zuylen van Nyevelt (1927-1996) - husband since 1957, Guy de Rothschild (1909-2007) (from the Paris branch of the family)
E. Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) - wife since 1877 Adelheid von Rothschild (1853-1935) (from the Naples family branch)
E1 / E. James Armand de Rothschild (1878-1957), British citizen (1919). Member of the British Parliament (1929-1945) - wife of Dorothy Matilda Pinto (1895-1988)
E2 / E. Maurice Edmond Karl de Rothschild (1881-1957)
E3 / E2. Edmond de Rothschild (1926-1997) banker - wife since 1963 Nadine Lhopitalier (born 1932)
E4 / E3. Benjamin de Rothschild (born 1963), Chairman of the LCF Rothschild Group - wife since 1999 to Ariane Langner
E5 / E. Miriam Carolina Alexandrine Rothschild (1884-1965) - husband since 1910 Albert Maximilian Gouldschmidt (1879-1941)

The surname comes from appearance the emblem of the jewelry workshop owned by Angel Moses Bauer (father of Mayer Amschel Rothschild), the emblem of the workshop was an image of a golden Roman eagle on a red shield. Over time, the workshop became known as the "Red Shield". Later, his son took the name of the workshop "Red Shield" or "Rotschield".

The founder of the Rothschild dynasty is Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812), who founded a bank in Frankfurt am Main. The case was continued by his five sons: Amschel Mayer, Solomon Mayer, Nathan Mayer, Kalman Mayer, James Mayer. The brothers controlled 5 banks in the largest cities in Europe (Paris, London, Vienna, Naples, Frankfurt am Main). Currently, there are only two branches of the Rothschilds - English (from Nathan) and French (from James), the rest have been suppressed (the founder of the Frankfurt branch, Amschel Mayer, died childless in 1855, the Neapolitan branch stopped in the male knee in 1901, in the female - in 1935 year, the Austrian branch stopped in the male knee in 1980, in the female one still exists).

Origin

The ascent of the Rothschild dynasty began with the birth of Mayer Amschel Rothschild in Frankfurt am Main in Germany in 1744 to the money changer Amschel Moses Rothschild, who traded with the House of Hesse. Born in the Jewish quarter between the city wall and the moat, Mayer Amschel built a banking business and expanded his empire by sending his five sons to European capitals.

Paul johnson notes that unlike the Court Jew of earlier times, who helped finance European noble houses, Rothschild created new type an international firm that has been shielded from anti-Semitic riots. In 1819, as if to demonstrate that newly acquired Jewish rights were still illusory, anti-Semitic violence erupted in many parts of Germany. These so-called Hep-Hep-Unruhen (German) pogroms included the storming of the Rothschild house in Frankfurt. This did not change anything, as did the subsequent attack during the 1848 revolution.

Another essential part of Mayer Rothschild's strategy for future success was keeping control of the business in the hands of the dynasty, allowing its members to maintain complete freedom of action both in the amount of wealth and in their business achievements. In 1906, the Jewish Encyclopedia noted: “The Rothschild-initiated practice of setting up several branches of the firm, run by brothers, in various financial centers, was adopted by other Jewish financiers such as Bischoffsheims, Pereires (Pereires), Seligmans (Seligmans) , Lazards (Lazard) and others, and these financiers, through their reliability and financial experience, gained trust not only from Jewish brethren, but from the entire financial community as a whole. Thus, Jewish financiers received an increased share in international finance. during the middle and last quarter of the 19th century This practice mimics the royal and aristocratic technique (members of one royal family marry members of another royal family), which was also later copied by other dynasties of entrepreneurs, such as the Dupont dynasty (Du Pont family (English)).

Mayer Rothschild successfully preserved wealth within the family by carefully organizing marriages of convenience, including marriages between cousins ​​and second cousins ​​(so that the accumulated property remains within the family and serves the common cause), although at the end of the 19th century, almost all Rothschilds began to enter into marriages outside the family , usually with families of aristocrats or other financial dynasties.

International large financial transactions

The elevation to the nobility took place at the request of the Minister of Finance, Count Stadion. First, Amschel received the title, then Solomon. By this time, the brothers were at the head of the Frankfurt Bill of Exchange in Schönbrunn. This happened on September 25, 1816, and on October 21, the brothers Jacob and Karl received the title. On March 25, 1817, each was issued a nobleman's diploma. At the request of the adviser to the Government of Lower Austria and the court agent Sonleitner, the confidant of the four brothers, each diploma was awarded separately, since the brothers lived in four different countries... Nathan, who lives in England, was not mentioned in these documents.

Noteworthy for evaluating the activities of the Rothschilds was the fact that they, as Jews, were recorded in the diploma by money changers, while the financiers of the Christian faith were called bankers. Usually, court financiers, shortly after receiving the nobility, sought the title of baron, so the Rothschilds also petitioned for this title. On September 29, 1822, their request was granted. Now, some members of the dynasty used the family prefix "de" or "von" (in German version) Rothschild, as an indication of aristocratic origin. Now Nathan was included in the documents, who immediately became a baron. This time, the five brothers were directly named bankers. They were Austrian barons, "taking into account the services rendered to the state", "with the respectful word, Your Honor." Again, each of the five brothers received their own baron diploma. Their coat of arms was adorned with the motto: Concordia, Integritas, Industria. (Consent. Honesty. Diligence.).

This motto fully expressed the brothers' unity, their honesty and tireless diligence. But obtaining the title of baron hardly meant an increase in their authority for the five brothers. Nathan had no way of using this title in England. This was contrary to the English constitution, which did not allow the granting of titles of nobility to foreigners. But nevertheless, the elevation to the nobility changed the lifestyle of the Rothschilds. They acquired luxurious palaces, began to give magnificent dinners, which were attended by representatives of the aristocratic circles of many countries.

In 1885, Nathan Mayer Rothschild II (1840-1915), eldest son of Lionel de Rothschild (in turn, son of Nathan Rothschild), also known how Nathaniel, a representative of the London branch of the dynasty, hereditary baron, first became a lord. He was the first Jew to enter the House of Lords. From this point on, it can be considered that Nathan's descendants have completely merged with English society.

The Rothschild family banking business was the founder of large international financial transactions during the industrialization of Europe, contributed to the construction of the railway network in France, Belgium and Austria, contributed to the financing of projects of high political importance, such as the Suez Canal (only the Rothschild banking house was able, within a few hours, to provide many tens of millions in cash for the acquisition of shares in the Suez Canal).

The dynasty bought a huge portion of the property in Mayfair, London. The main activities in which the Rothschilds have invested include: Alliance Assurance (1824) (now Royal & SunAlliance); Chemin de Fer du Nord (English) (1845); Rio Tinto Group (1873); Société Le Nickel (1880) (now Eramet); and Imétal (1962) (now Imerys). The Rothschilds financed the founding of De Beers, as well as Cecile John Rhodes' expedition to Africa and the establishment of a colony in Rhodesia. From the late 1880s onward, the family controlled the Rio Tinto mining company. The Japanese government applied for funding from the London and Paris offices during the Russo-Japanese War. The London consortium issued Japanese war bonds worth £ 11.5 million (at 1907 prices).

After an impressive huge success, the name of the Rothschilds became synonymous with wealth, the family became famous for their art collections, their palaces, as well as for their philanthropy. By the end of the century, the family owned, or built, at the least estimate, more than 41 palaces, commensurate with or even superior in luxury to even the richest royal families. Soon, in 1909, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George claimed that Lord Nathan Mayer Rothschild II was the most powerful man in Britain. In 1901, due to the absence of a male heir, the Frankfurt House closed its doors after more than a century of work. It wasn't until 1989 that they returned when N M Rothschild & Sons(UK Investment Branch) and Bank Rothschild AG (Swiss Branch) opened a representative office in Frankfurt.

Rothschild dynasty in France

There are two French branches of the Rothschild dynasty. The first branch was founded by Mayr Amschel Rothschild's youngest son, James Mayer Rothschild, who established de Rothschild Frères in Paris. An adherent of the Napoleonic Wars, he played a major role in financing the construction of railways and mining enterprises that helped make France an industrial power. James' sons, Gustave de Rothschild and Alphonse James de Rothschild (English), continued the banking tradition and became sureties of the 5 billion reparations demanded by the occupied Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian war in the 1870s. The next generations of this branch of the Rothschild dynasty became the main force in international investment banking. Another son of James Mayer Rothschild, Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934) was a great fan of philanthropy and the arts, and a prominent supporter of Zionism. His grandson, Baron Edmond Adolph de Rothschild, founded the LCF Rothschild Group, a private bank in 1953. Since 1997, it has been headed by Baron Benjamin de Rothschild. The group has assets of € 100 billion and many wineries in France (Château Clarke, Château des Laurets), Australia and South Africa. In 1961, 35-year-old Baron Edmond bought Club Med after visiting and appreciating the resort. His stake in Club Med was sold in the 1990s. In 1973 he bought shares in Bank of California, sold his stake in 1984 before it was sold in 1985 to Mitsubishi Bank.

The second French branch was founded by Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812-1870). Born in London, he was the fourth son of the founder of the British branch of the dynasty, Nathan Mayer Rothschild. In 1850, Nathaniel moved to Paris, apparently to work with his uncle, James Mayer. However, in 1853 Nathaniel acquired Château Brane Mouton, a Pauillac vineyard in the Gironde department. Nathaniel renamed the estate Château Mouton Rothschild, and this name became one of the most famous brands in the world. In 1868, Nathaniel's uncle, James Mayer Rothschild, acquired the neighboring Chateau Lafite vineyard. By 1980, Guy Rothschild's annual business turnover was in the order of 26 billion francs (in 1980 prices). But later, when the Parisian business was close to collapse in 1982, the socialist government of François Miterand nationalized it and renamed it Compagnie Européenne de Banque. Baron David Rothschild, aged 39, decided to stay and rebuild the business, creating a new company, Rothschild & Cie Banque, with just three employees and $ 1 million in capital. Today, the Paris-based company has 22 partners and accounts for a significant portion of its global business.

Rothschild dynasty in Austria

One of the many palaces built by the Austrian branch of the dynasty, Schloss hinterleiten.

In 1817, when the Rothschild dynasty did not yet belong to the baronial title, the House submits a sketch of its coat of arms to the Austrian college. Initially, the coat of arms included a crown with seven teeth and various signs of baronial dignity. There were storks on it as a symbol of piety, and hounds symbolizing loyalty, and lions (the Lion is the official symbol of Israel), as well as the Austrian eagle. The hand holding five arrows, symbolizing the brothers, sons of the founder of the family, Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Such a coat of arms was presented to the heraldic college of the Austrian Imperial House. The Rothschilds believed that they could get the crown and other royal and ducal symbols for the coat of arms. But the board furiously took up the proposed coat of arms, changing it almost beyond recognition. The proposed crown turned into a small helmet, storks, hounds, lions and other noble fauna were completely removed. A part of the Austrian eagle remained on the coat of arms. The hand that grips the arrows has also been changed. Now instead of five arrows, she squeezed four. According to official data, one of the Nathan brothers did not take part in the successful transfer. And on March 25th, 1817, little resemblance to the original coat of arms was approved. But this did not suit the Rothschilds and they decided to raise their status. A congress was held in Ensk and the Duke of Metternich received a personal loan of 900,000 guilders from the House of Rothschild. Of course, this was an absolutely honest deal, but strangely enough, six days later, an imperial decree was published, which already elevated all five brothers and their legitimate descendants of any sex to the barony. The number of arrows on the coat of arms returned to five, the Hessian lion returned with the Austrian eagle, but in the center, instead of a crown, we still see a helmet. Article taken from http://kovka-stal.ru/istoriia-gerba-rotshildov/bez-kategorii/istoriia-gerba-rotshildov.html - Help to correctly link to the source, while maintaining copyright.

Rothschilds in culture

He is also repeatedly mentioned in the book of F. M. Dostoevsky "Teenager", where the main character Arkady cherishes the main "idea" of his whole life - to become richer than the named descendant of Rothschild.

The Rothschild story has been featured in a number of films. In 1934, The House of Rothschild was shot in Hollywood. House of the Rothschilds), telling about the life of Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Excerpts from this film were included in the propaganda documentary