The term "noosphere" was first proposed by a professor from the Sorbonne, Edouard Leroy, who interpreted it as a "thinking" shell, which is formed by human consciousness and activity. The noosphere is literally translated as "the sphere of the mind." Leroy said that he was the fruit of a joint work with his friend, the famous French philosopher Teilhard de Chardin. At the same time, they relied on lectures on geochemistry, which V.I. Vernadsky read at the Sorbonne in 1922-23. In his speeches, the Russian scientist considered the interconnection of everything that happens on our planet and in space. The concept of V.I. Vernadsky about the noosphere provides a deep and comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the Earth as a result of a single cosmic, biogenic and anthropogenic processes. The noosphere is the sphere of interaction between nature and society, where the rational begins to become the main determinant of development. human mind, which manifests itself in scientific and technical achievements, is the most important factor further development planet Earth. The concept of the noosphere believes that the emergence and development of man is a logical, sequential stage in the evolution of the biosphere.

Simultaneously with V.I. Vernadsky, other scientists expressed similar ideas. The appearance of similar ideas at the same time by different scientists is not accidental. V.I. Vernadsky believed that for the emergence and development of life, at least three conditions must be met: the existence of water, solar radiation and phase boundaries. The concept of "noosphere" includes the sphere of intelligent human activity, when it gradually becomes the main, dominant factor in development.

According to V.I. Vernadsky, the main conditions for the emergence of the noosphere can be:

Sometimes he spoke of the "noosphere" as something that has already taken place and exists in reality, sometimes - as a future that is inevitable. He wrote that the biosphere has repeatedly passed as a result of evolution into a new state. This is what we are experiencing now, in the last few thousand years, when man creates a completely new geological force in the biosphere. The biosphere gradually passes into a new state - into the noosphere and is processed by the scientific thought of man.

The significance of the ideas and works of VI Vernadsky as the author of the doctrine of the noosphere lies in the fact that he was the first to scientifically substantiate the unity of man and the biosphere. Today's ideas about these ideas are as follows: the noosphere is a kind of shell of the planet Earth, which contains the totality of living organisms, including humans, and a part of the planet's substance that is in constant exchange with them.

Creative team Sphere of Reason: other works.

Almanac Sphere of Mind. Book 1. Dialogue with the Cosmos

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book is not the result of the work of one person, but of many people scattered throughout Russia. Their heroic work in establishing diplomatic relations with representatives of the Far Space should not have gone unnoticed. The work carried out by the Intermediaries should not have gone unnoticed in order to obtain information that could bring humanity to a new level of development.

Special thanks to the Forces that were directly involved in the development of the "Sphere of Mind" project: the "First", "Second" and "Fourth" Information Rings, as well as the Super Ring that directed their action.

A low bow to the Greens, who did not spare their time, for many years hammering common truths related to the structure of the human body into the heads of the Intermediaries, answering the questions of numerous groups participating in the experiment.

A separate bow to the "Coordinators", who helped to sort out the critical situations that arose in the process of working on the project.

A bow also to the "Copper Skins", "Incas", "Wanderers", "Keepers", "Forces of the UFO", "Reconnaissance of Deep Space", "Inspection Mind" and many other Forces, one way or another applied to the implementation of the above project: "Red" , "Brown", "Black", "White", "Grey" and so on. Especially "Black", for the fact that They did not interfere with us or, on the contrary, interfered, destructively influencing in a constructive direction.

Special thanks to the Teachers of the Noosphere of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd orders, who turned to our hearts and minds, who tried to set us on the right path.

And, of course, gratitude to my teachers, curators and mentors - "Blue", with whom I have close friendship and love.

And also thanks to everyone who contributed to the appearance of this book, especially Alexander Georgievich Glaz and his group, as well as Elena Komisarova, Denis Miller, Inna Onishchenko, Svetlana Klyueva, Berta Moulder for valuable advice, and the "O" group, which provided materials of their own research for publications.

Science and dynamics of society development. Reason singled out man from the animal world. The outstanding Russian scientist V. I. Vernadsky wrote about the sphere of reason (or noosphere) as the future of mankind. It is the collective mind (scientific and educational environment) that ultimately determines the development of social systems. According to Lyndon LaRouche /22/, modern economic theories are erroneous in the sense that they leave out human consciousness.

“There is only one source of growth. Look at the whole history of mankind, look at its prehistory, for which there is certain evidence going back many years. Human progress, from the lifespan and population density of baboons to modern man, is based solely on discoveries and on the transmission of these discoveries, in the form of culture, from one generation to the next. The source of these discoveries is one: the consciousness of the human individual. The same is true in economics.”

Science plays a multifaceted role in modern society. It is a direct productive force, as well as the basis for the development of the economy and information systems, the creation of new technologies. Science constitutes the intellectual environment of society. On its basis, highly qualified personnel are being trained for various industries, medical institutions, control systems. In this regard, the organization of the education system at all levels, the work scientific schools. Scientific infrastructure built over decades

The most important function of science is orientation in the existing super-complex non-linear world, where interrelations arise between the most seemingly heterogeneous phenomena, and everything is in dynamics, in change. In the 20th century, the pace of life accelerated, a new technique appeared that required a quick response, the information load increased sharply, which directly affects people and the state of society as a whole. It is impossible to proceed only from a momentary situation. Much of what was done in the past can no longer be corrected today, and the future largely depends on the steps that are being taken now. The time factor is of particular importance in conditions when it comes to the survival of mankind. For each of the types of global instabilities associated with ecology, the material conditions of society and the information sphere, there are limits to stability, which can be followed by bifurcations and catastrophes. Over time, the tangle of problems expands, covering all new aspects of life. Here science plays a fundamental role, since forecasting is necessary, assessments of the consequences of what we are doing today, bringing them to the minds of people.

Currently, specific patterns have been established for a number of social processes, many of which are being successfully modeled. Some of the models have undoubted predictive value. Without going into details, we single out three qualitative approaches that give a general orientation: synergetics, Le Chatelier's principle, processes with memory.

Synergetics studies the patterns of ordering, the formation of structures in a wide variety of systems, which are characterized by the same phenomena of self-organization. On the basis of synergetics, an analysis of instabilities, feedbacks, bifurcations and catastrophes is also given. This science has received a particularly powerful impetus for development over the last quarter of a century /21, 24, 25/.

Le Chatelier's principle. reflecting influence various factors to the equilibrium position, formulated by the French scientist Le Chatelier in 1884 in relation to thermodynamics (it is also often called the Le Chatelier-Brown principle /26/). According to this principle, an external influence that brings the system out of equilibrium causes such processes in it that tend to weaken the result of the influence. Thus, an increase in the temperature of a chemical reaction favors the accumulation of those substances that are formed in this reaction with the absorption of heat. The convenience of Le Chatelier's principle is that it allows one to determine the direction of equilibrium shift without a detailed analysis of its conditions, sometimes rather complicated ones. Subsequently, it turned out that this principle has a general meaning and can be successfully applied to biological and social phenomena. Side processes always arise in the system, tending to return it to a state of equilibrium. Under certain conditions, these side effects can be decisive.

Thus, Le Chatelier's principle made it possible to navigate in a wide range of specific environmental phenomena /27/. As you know, in the 20th century, the external conditions of people's lives changed dramatically, a new habitat was created. But as a result of the impact on the environment, processes have arisen in it that prevent further strengthening of the anthropogenic impact. A person changes the world, improves the conditions of his life, while causing an increase in side effects associated with changes. environment which gradually take on an increasingly negative character for people. Le Chatelier's principle is especially useful in the analysis of rapid changes in society, when it allows one to cover a certain set of processes from a single point of view.

For orientation in social phenomena, it is also essential to take into account the memory of the past. Life on Earth is described by processes with memory. However, this field of knowledge is still in its early stages of development. A presentation of a number of features of processes with memory (also called non-Markov processes) is contained in works /28, 29/.

In the XVIII - XIX centuries. the system of scientific views was based on mechanism, which explains the development of nature and society by the laws of the mechanical form of motion. They were considered as universal and applied to all kinds of matter. A closed mechanical picture of the world was created.

In the XX century. Physics has become the basis of unprecedented technological progress that has changed the lives of people on the planet. Theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, theory elementary particles, synergetics dramatically expanded our understanding of the patterns of the world around us. Despite all the differences between these theories, they have a single unifying basis - Markov processes, or processes without aftereffect. A Markov process is a random process for which, given a known state of the system at the present moment, its further evolution does not depend on the state of this system in the past. In other words, the future and past of the process do not depend on each other with a fixed present. This property, which determines the process, was called Markovian after the Russian scientist A. A. Markov, who formulated it in 1906 /30/. Markov processes have found an extremely wide range of applications: physics, radio engineering, automation, economics, sociology, medicine, biology.

However, at the end of the XX century. certain discrepancies with the Markovian picture of the world have been outlined. In biological, economic and social phenomena, prehistory cannot be neglected. Here the role of memory is very large, and it directly affects the choice of the path of development. The emerging theory of processes with memory (non-Markovian processes) includes the previous one as a special case. Markov processes are local in time. Knowing the state of the system at any point in time t o , it is possible in principle to determine the probabilistic picture of the system's behavior in the future; this picture does not change from additional information about events at t< t o . Немарковские процессы учитывают эти добавочные сведения, память о прошлом, и по своей природе нелокальны во времени. Нелокальность означает, что немарковская система (биологический объект, человек, общество) живет одновременно и в прошлом, и в настоящем, и в будущем. Область нелокальности для общества составляет 40 лет назад (в прошлое) и 40 лет вперед (в будущее). Сорок лет - это срок активной жизни поколения. Вне этих пределов лежат историческое прошлое и непредсказуемое будущее.

Based on the non-Markovian approach, it is possible to understand the patterns of self-regulation for a number of social phenomena. In particular, equilibrium distribution functions are written for them, for example: families - by income; scientists - according to the number of written articles; magazines - upon request in the library; enterprises - by the number of employees. Knowing these indicators allows you to navigate the ongoing processes. It is also possible to successfully manage social processes using certain deviations from equilibrium. For example, by organizing additional funding for scientific and scientific-engineering research, it is possible to accelerate the development of the economy.

Non-Markovian processes describe a change in structures, in particular, the occurrence of oscillations - structural rhythms, due to the nature of the change in systems, determined by dependence on the past, on memory. Indeed, biological, economic, social phenomena include a huge set of rhythms. Biological rhythms are observed at all levels of organization - from intracellular to biospheric. The rhythms of individual organs, tissues, cells, intracellular components are involved in the creation of the temporal order of biological phenomena and form the basis for the integration of processes in living organisms. Due to the presence a large number overlapping structural rhythms, each subsequent oscillation bears certain differences from the previous one.

The theory of non-Markovian processes makes it possible, in principle, to create mathematical models for a number of economic and social phenomena.

The problem of forecasting. For modern society characterized by an exceptionally complex picture of interrelated processes, in which only individual fragments are known. At present, when human activity has reached the planetary scale, an inadequate assessment of its consequences can lead to catastrophic phenomena. Under these conditions, forecasting the future is of fundamental importance. If earlier analogies and approximations were used for forecasting, now detailed Scientific research, including computer simulations. Here we should note the activities of the Club of Rome (an international non-governmental organization created in 1968 on the initiative of Aurelio Peccei, vice-president of the Olivetti company), aimed at predicting the consequences of a global ecological crisis. A complex of global problems affecting literally all aspects of human life was analyzed. None of them could be solved separately. J. Forrester, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who joined the Club of Rome in 1970 to study long-term trends in world development, proposed a computer global simulation model that used five interrelated variables: population, capital investment, use of non-renewable resources, pollution, food production . This model was improved by D. Meadows, whose book "The Limits to Growth. Report to the Club of Rome" /31/ caused a wide public outcry. A number of options were calculated for the period 1970-2100. Scripted like Meadows himself. and his followers, around 2050 an ecological collapse will occur, which is determined by a number of factors, first of all, by the irreversible degradation of the biosphere.

In synergetic studies, it was noted that for a long time there are processes of growth of some parameters (the amount of waste, concentration of pollution, consumption) and a decrease in others (the gene pool, resources, the amount of clean water, forest area, volume of natural habitats). Each of these parameters has its own limits, the achievement of which can lead to catastrophic changes for a person.

The search for a way out of the global ecological crisis was devoted to the report of the Club of Rome: “Humanity at the Crossroads”, made by M. Mesarovic and E. Pestel in 1974 /32/. The report showed that the spontaneous development of the world economy (what is now presented by the media as the greatest good) is irrational and even dangerous. The concept of organic growth was put forward (when the world is presented as an analogue of a living organism, and each region must perform its function). In the book by A. Peccei /13/, summing up the twelve years of work of the Club of Rome, emphasis is placed on such points as social justice, certain restrictions on consumption and extravagance, a change in the qualities of the person himself:

“More and more people understand today: in order to be an organic part of a continuously changing world, it is necessary for people themselves to become different. For many years, man has continuously lost contact with the mindlessly created by himself. the real world; now, finally realizing the danger of this path, he is horrified and wants to immediately restore the broken ties with reality and adapt to its changed appearance.

Although the recommendations of the Club of Rome were largely abstract in nature, in general, its activities caused a certain change in the minds of people - an ecological movement arose in defense of the environment. Subsequently, the UN Stockholm Conference on Environmental Problems, which took place in 1972 and initiated the creation of a number of international environmental organizations, played a significant role in coordinating the efforts of various countries in the field of ecology. In 1992, the UN Conference on the Environment was held in Rio de Janeiro. She summed up the two decades that have passed since the Stockholm Conference. It was stated that the state of the environment is deteriorating, and the processes of its destruction are intensifying, and we are talking about a very short time. The Rio conference also attempted to develop a specific program of action and proclaimed the concept of sustainable development. This English term is borrowed from population ecology, where it meant "permissibility" or "self-sustaining". Many noted a certain discrepancy between the English term, which can be interpreted as acceptable development, and the Russian term (sustainable development). However, the Russian term, in our opinion, is more adequate to the current situation, because it unambiguously connects analysis with the stability of systems. This concept proclaimed the need for a harmonious combination of solving socio-economic problems and maintaining a satisfactory state of the environment, as well as reducing the economic disparity between developed and developing countries.

The concept of sustainable development has caused heated discussions and a range of opinions. For some, it took on the character of a general fashion, when each party came up with its own concept of sustainable development. Others believed that the West uses this concept to create better living conditions for the “golden billion” at the expense of the population of the rest of the world, including Russia /ЗЗ/, others perceived it skeptically /34/:

“Moreover, the outwardly spectacular, but scientifically undefined and unreasoned term “sustainable development” is literally losing its appeal before our eyes. And it can be assumed that it will be covered with the dust of time if the demonstration of the thesis is not followed by its serious scientific study and formulation.”

Recently, environmental slogans are increasingly being used for political purposes, or for personal careers. A real way out is possible only on the basis of scientific forecasting, which makes it possible to determine the bottlenecks, the approximate timing of the onset of negative events and the best ways to counteract. And in this sense, it is science that largely determines the chances of saving humanity.

In general, a number of methods can be used in forecasting, in particular, synergetics, computer modeling, and the theory of non-Markovian processes. Without dwelling on the scientific side of forecasting, we note four points that are useful for orientation in social processes:

1. The harbinger and prerequisite for qualitative changes are instabilities, both those arising naturally and those created artificially.

2. In the long term, a prerequisite for a successful strategy is to be embedded in and managed by objective processes.

3. Accounting for emerging, according to Le Chatelier's principle, side processes that lead to the restoration of equilibrium, at the beginning almost imperceptible, but gradually coming to the fore.

4. Any society develops on the basis of the memory of the past. And the ways of development of each of the existing civilizations are by no means identical. The break with memory, with traditions gradually leads to instability and degradation of the system.

Concepts of the future: noosphere or "Noah's Ark". If we talk about what lies beyond the horizon, we can distinguish two main concepts of the future. One of the founders of the first of them, V. I. Vernadsky, at the dawn of nuclear energy in 1959, wrote /35/:

“The time is not far off when a person will receive atomic energy in his hands, such a source of power that will give him the opportunity to build his life as he wants ... Will a person be able to use this power, direct it towards good, and not self-destruction? to the ability to use the power that science must inevitably give him? Scientists should not turn a blind eye to the possible consequences of their scientific work, scientific progress. They must feel responsible for all the consequences of their discoveries. They must associate their work with the best organization of all mankind.”

VI Vernandsky /35-37/ developed the concept of a new stable state of society based on the concept of the noosphere (first introduced by Teilhard de Chardin and Le Roy). In the noosphere (or the sphere of the mind), as in the ordinary biosphere, there is a closed circulation of substances, everything is disposed of, again turns into a useful product and is used. At the same time, a person will no longer live at the expense of the biosphere, its oppression and suppression. He and his productive forces will become part of the noosphere, will continuously exchange substances with the biosphere. There is a directed and coordinated development of man and the environment - co-evolution. It is determined by the capabilities of the human intellect, which must take care and responsibility for the fate of the planet.

In highly complex systems, it is fundamentally impossible to regulate all the details of the ongoing processes. Therefore, the control system cannot be super-centralized, but must be based on the principles implemented in biological systems, influencing the development strategy and certain integral characteristics.

The noospheric path of development seems natural against the background of the rapidly growing role of science (as a collective mind) in all areas of human activity. Thus, in the economy, the pace of introduction of new scientific achievements, creating new technologies. Management structure and its Information system should also be based on science. An in-depth knowledge of biospheric phenomena and patterns of human society is necessary.

The concept of "Noah's Ark" has a completely different character. In March 1998, in the White House, representatives of the political, financial and scientific elite of the United States, in the presence of President Clinton, hosted an hour and a half speech by the famous modern scientist Stephen Hawking. in which he outlined his vision of the future world. Stephen William Hawking, born in 1942, is a major English theoretical physicist, known for his outstanding work in the field of cosmology, general relativity, and the dynamics of cosmic black holes. Hawking is almost completely paralyzed, he communicates with the world only through a computer thanks to the movement of the three fingers of his left hand. However, even in this position, Hawking is one of the most prominent intellectuals. The text typed by him on the computer is converted into artificial speech using a synthesizer. So he can perform in front of an audience.

“According to Hawking, in the 21st century the temperature of the Earth will increase significantly due to overheating caused by the operation of numerous thermonuclear power plants, the success of genetic engineering will lead to the emergence of a new race of “superhumans” who will live mainly in the United States. And on other continents, terrible epidemics caused by mutant viruses. In the end, in order not to die, the remnants of humanity will have to move into space" / 38 /.

This concept was received with great enthusiasm by those present, as it coincided with their mindset, since according to this concept, only the elect will be saved on the new "Noah's Ark" - the USA. Other regions of the planet should play a supporting role as garbage dumps, as reservations (or ethnic zoos), etc. The main thing is the management of the local population in the interests of the new world order. The level, position, degree of savagery of the natives do not play a fundamental role. Another thing is interesting here. An outstanding scientist identified the key moment of the global crisis, the most dangerous for humanity - a mismatch in the biosphere and uncontrolled epidemics.

Now humanity has two roads, two paths: one leads to the noosphere, to an increase in the correlation of processes in nature and society, the other path, according to Hawking's scenario, leads to self-destruction.

temptations

Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns

With his temptation, he destroys a person,

What, perhaps, no from the century

There is no riddle, and there was none.

F. I. Tyutchev

Sounds fell asleep, twilight thickened, and fears and bad forebodings creep into my soul again. In the next room, my guards and servants are sleeping, turned into mice. Oddly enough, I'm already used to them. Much harder to get used to a small garden in front of the window. Trying to calm my anxiety, I look at the lilac bushes and the lonely peeled apple tree. The flawed moon drops blue ash down and covers the grass with a thin layer, like frost. In this shaky, almost unreal light, everything looks especially creepy and frightening.

A weak wind blew. It seemed to me that the bushes swayed by themselves. Some shadow flashed in them, hid and ... jumped again!

"It's starting," I thought with a sinking heart. But then the wind subsided, the branches of the lilac froze, and the shadows took on their usual form. "Thank God it passed," I sighed.

Following the relief, a bad, evil feeling rose in my chest towards my mysterious interlocutor, this snake-tempter, who seduced me with "the magic of adventure and the unknown." I drank this "magic" to hell, to trembling in the knees. He would like that!

Wanting to somehow forget, to get rid of heavy feelings, I remember that my wanderings began far away, in a completely different place and from other, much more pleasant, downright major feelings.

Precisely sensations... I had not yet seen anything and was not conscious of anything, but I felt with all my pores the dear, warm, gentle sun. I caught it with my lips, I drank its rays. Then consciousness came. I opened my eyes and jumped to my feet in excitement: an endless sea of ​​grasses and flowers splashed around. And in my chest there is a feeling as if I suddenly appeared in this world, as if I stepped here from another existence or from non-existence.

So it almost was in fact. The third day I'm here and I can't get used to the idea that my individuality, my mental "I" was taken from the twentieth century and temporarily settled in the human body of the future. And this man's name is Vasily Sintsov. The third day I settle in his body and get used to the new world.

And I can't get used to it. The feeling of joy and thirst for life was so acute that I laughed for no reason, fell to the ground and began to ride on the grass with childish delight.

Look, Uncle Vasil is somersaulting, - a sonorous boyish voice rang out.

I wake up. Children emerged from the tall, swaying grasses. With them is a tall, swarthy man with impressive smoky, graying hair, styled like a turban. His silver beard curled like a scimitar. Just like a picture from a book of Arabian tales. He was an Arab named Abu Mohammed. But the kids who adored him and many adults simply called him Uncle Abu.

Are you frolicking, Vasilek? - Uncle Abu asked with a smile. - Did you remember your childhood?

I remembered, - I answered embarrassed, not knowing under what pretext to get out of here as soon as possible: contacts with people are undesirable.

Remember at the same time and the Pitcher. Say goodbye to him, - Uncle Abu pointed to the west.

It was a good suggestion. I took off and flew west. Just like last time, I feel the belt with curiosity, or, as it is called here, the anti-belt. Made of soft biological tissue, it has the ability to create a field obedient to the slightest desire.

"Higher," I mentally asked, and the desire was instantly fulfilled. I was already soaring next to the lark, deafeningly and dashingly deducing its silver trills. Two babies flew past, waving their arms and imitating birds. And below there is not the slightest sign of railways or highways, not a single building. Only meadows illuminated by the sun, groves and copses.

I dropped a little, picked up speed, and the shirt on my back bulged, flapped like a sail. The tops of the trees flickered. But then the forest ended, and a lake sparkled in the reedy lowland.