One such problem is that ... This is due to the fact that young people who got married did not realize the full responsibility that would fall on them. They were not ready to sacrifice their own interests for the sake of the interests of the family .........

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Problems of the modern family.

The family is a small unit of society, a small state with its inhabitants, who are united by a similar way of life, a common goal, moral values, love, and mutual respect.

What problems does the modern family face?

One such problem is thatchildren are deprived of the attention of one of their parents... This is due to the fact that young people who got married did not realize the full responsibility that would fall on them. They were not ready to sacrifice their own interests for the interests of the family.

I have always sympathized with children who grew up in an inferior family, most often without a father. But the lack of paternal attention, care, advice, words of approval cannot but affect the child. Even as adults, many of them still continue to feel flawed, insecure and suffer from psychological disorders.Girls who grew up without a father, in the future will face the problem of choosing a husband. After all, many of them, against the background of the unsuccessful relationships of their parents, lost trust in men, became disillusioned with them, as in a reliable support for their wife and children.... And the boys raised by one mother, grow up into effeminate men with feminine habits, who will seek to marry a strong woman - a copy of their mother.

Today family for men- a heavy burden of responsibility, material waste, a lot of restrictions on personal life and entertainment. It's a shame for our society.Life is not about constant pleasure and the search for satisfaction of one's lust.These joys are momentary and, like drugs, will never make you happy.

Women in our timebecame too active, as a result of loss of trust in men, and took a dominant place in society. Now they began to devote more time to self-development and career development, and less to raising children and taking care of their home and family. Suchwomen are doomed to loneliness, they are too strong, as they have learned to cope with everything on their own without men.

I do not support the current trend in our society. All women need to develop spiritually.In the first place in the family is the mother, but the head of the family is the father and the husband. And the wife must obey, support him and follow him.

The importance of family values

Starting a family is a great feat.Give birth, give new life not that difficult. But investing in a child the concepts of love, freedom, faith, conscience, responsibility is not an easy task and is impossible outside love and outside the family.

In the family, such universal human values ​​are laid asfeeling of patriotism, love and respect for loved ones, generosity, responsibility for their actions.

I have heard from many people the phrase that happiness in marriage is a matter of chance and luck. But I don't agree with them at all. I am of the opinion thathappiness in marriage is our choice... Everyone has the opportunity to choose, to control their thoughts and actions. Joy and happiness can be drawn into any marriage thanks to joint work on oneself, on relationships.

Basic family values

The list of basic family values, no doubt, will be unique for each family and will contain an infinite number of points and sub-points.

Each of us should have a clear understanding of thosefamily values, which help to strengthen the foundation for creating a strong and friendly family. Knowledge of moral and ethical standards plays an important role in building trust and increasing confidence in each family member.

1. Feeling important and needed. It is important that each family member knows that they are loved, appreciated and needed. Even as a close-knit family, devoting their free moments to their loved ones, each family member should be given space and freedom for their activities. The family is the place where you can get together without special occasions, holidays and spend time together, this is a safe place where you can return when something goes wrong, they will listen to you, support you, advise how to get out of the impasse.
2. Flexibility in solving family problems - the way to happiness and a feeling of comfort. Each family has its own order, daily routine, structure, rules. But too much order and rules can lead to a deterioration in relationships and the appearance of resentment.
3. Respect. It is important to instill in family members a sense of respect for each other. The only way to maintain respect in your family is to show you how to respect yourself by example. There is a very fine line between respect and fear. Respecting another means accepting his feelings, thoughts, needs, preferences. Respect, as the value of a family, spreads from home to school, to work and other social places where a person comes into contact with people.
4. Honesty forms a deep bond between family members. Encourage honesty by practicing understanding and respect for whatever actions your loved ones do. If you get angry about what happened, most likely, the next time information will be withheld from you in order to avoid disrespect for your personality.
5. Learning to Forgivepeople who have wronged you. Everyone makes mistakes. Life is too short to be wasted on grudges. You should get answers to all your questions from the offender and make a choice - accept, forgive, let go and move on.
6. Learn to be generousattention, love, time, communication, even some of your material possessions. Generosity is giving without thinking about what you will receive in return.
7. Communication - a separate art. The transfer of information, feelings is an important element in the formation of family relations. When people feel that they can easily and openly express their dreams, hopes, fears, successes, failures, then this only helps to strengthen the marriage bond. Lack of communication leads to the fact that small questions grow into larger ones, which end in quarrels, avoidance, divorce.
8. A responsibility. We all want to appear as responsible people to others. Some of us are more responsible, others less responsible. A sense of responsibility doesn't require a lot of nudge to get the job done on time and right.
9. Traditions - this is what makes the family unique, they unite all family members.
10. Be a role model.Adults are role models for their children. They pass on to them their skills in problem solving, teamwork, communication, and more.
11. Appreciate your contribution to the development and strengthening of your family ties.Although family relationships are based on strong blood ties, in a large family, feelings of intimacy diminish over time, so additional efforts and time must be taken to maintain strong family ties. From time to time, you should remind yourself of the importance of family in your life.

Family problems

1. The biggest problem that affects family relationships is that they (the relationship) take for granted. You accept each family member as someone who owes you something. Which indicates a lack of real respect and gratitude for everything that is given to you, and nothing is demanded in return. That parents do so much for their children is taken for granted. This is a big mistake.Show your gratitude every time with words, gestures, or actions.This will help keep you in love and bond.
2. The second big problem in family relationships is the lack of time for each other. Is your work, social life or personal life taking up almost all of your time, so you don't have time for your family? Children whose parents, due to their employment, devote little time and attention to them, grow up with bitter feelings of resentment in their hearts, feel guilty for their existence. Even spouses face the problem of not having enough time for each other. This leads to serious emotional problems, cheating, cheating and divorce.

Learn to sacrifice your personal time for the sake of your loved ones.

The phrase "I love you "Is of great value. Every time you say it, express the importance of these words to you. We all want love.Talk about love with words and deeds, such as cooking a big family dinner, taking your kids to an amusement park, giving your spouse a quiet candlelit dinner, and more.It is very important for parents to teach their children how to make the right decisions. Healthy and happy families are of great benefit to the entire society and state. Among children from strong families, there are fewer criminals, mentally retarded, psychologically unstable.

Traditional family valuesare the basis for how children grow, develop, learn, and in the future these values ​​are passed from one generation to another.

Family - this is the first school of life for a new, just born little man, this is an environment in which he learns to use his abilities to understand the outside world and cope with its unpredictable gifts. Everything that you have learned from your family becomes your value system, on the basis of which your actions are formed.A happy, joyful family life is not an accident, but a great achievement based on work and choice. I really want this article to reach out to all young people, without exception. Starting a family - a responsible act that will require from you a lot of time, effort, energy, money. But it's a worthy causethis is our main work in life... I want our actions to be worthy of respect.

What is an essay and why is it interesting? Firstly, this is one of the genres of literature - a small work that describes an event or a person. Secondly, this genre is a symbiosis of artistic and journalistic styles. Thirdly, it is advisable to write it if you have an example of an essay at hand. For a better understanding of the genre, you can re-read "Notes of a Hunter" by Turgenev or "Sakhalin Island" by Chekhov. Will become great examples and the famous travel sketches of Radishchev or Pushkin.

Features of the genre

An essay is a kind of story that is written in a semi-fiction-semi-documentary genre and describes real people and real events. In a word, fantasy will not go wild here. It is difficult to write such a work, even if there is an example of an essay, because you need to take into account the main structural components, genre features and inclination towards truth. It has some of the traditional distinctive features:

• It is written in a small narrative form.
• Describes only real people and events.
• Focuses on social issues.
• It is 80-90 percent description from nature.
• Adheres to incontrovertible facts.
• Allows the writer to voice their opinions and engage in dialogue with the reader.

Thus, an essay is a text that tells about a real event or person, while paying attention to a certain social issue(if possible, the reader is also involved in the discussion). All this is presented as a literary text, saturated with graceful images. Even having an example of an essay with you, it is difficult to write a decent work the first time.

Varieties

There are several types of essays in the literature. They can be:

• Portrait.
• Distressed.
• Travel.
• Sociological.
• Publicistic.
• Artistic.

What are their features?

Essays originated during the Renaissance. Then, on the pages of English satirical magazines, moral writings first appeared. Several decades later, such essays became widespread in European literature. They had great success in France. Honore de Balzac, Jules Jeanin were the first representatives of this genre in French literature.

In Russia, the first essayist who laid the foundations was N. Novikov, who was published in the satirical magazines "Truten" and "Painter". The flowering of this type of creativity came in the 1840s. In the next decade, essays became the leading genre in literature. The most prominent authors in Russia are M. Saltykov-Shchedrin and V. Sleptsova. Therefore, there are many examples of essays in the literature. When writing your own work, you can use them.

How to write the text correctly

Before moving on to viewing examples of essays, it is worth giving some practical advice to aspiring authors. Where to begin? How to finish? These questions will torment the performers, even if they revise all the examples in the literature. How to write an essay?

The first thing to do is choose a theme. You need to find a fascinating story that pleases the author himself. Explore it with additional facts and decide on the type of essay. For example, you can develop a situation and write an interesting text that will make the reader sympathize. It can also be a biographical or educational essay, historical, travel or revealing. The main thing is that the text can captivate the reader.

Next, you need to decide on who this essay will be intended for, that is, with the target audience. It depends on her what words the text will be written in. If you have passed all these steps, you can prepare to write.

Second important point- decide on the format of the text. Essays do not have a strictly regulated format, which greatly facilitates the work of the authors. For example, you can start by describing a dramatic moment, use the story-within-a-story format, or write from two perspectives at once that find common ground. The next thing is size. Examples of essay texts range from 250 to 5000 words. Less is possible, more is possible. The main thing is to fully disclose the topic.

Having decided on the organizational points, you need to think about how to attract the attention of the reader, interest him and intrigue him. Some essays believe that this requires not telling, but showing - more emotions, more images, more intrigue. When creating a text, do not get carried away with quoting. As a rule, readers do not appreciate this, and you need to create exclusively in their language. This is a step-by-step example of how to write an essay. Now you can move from theory to practice.

Portrait sketch

As mentioned above, this type of creativity is the most artistic. That is, in it you can give the reader some interesting details from the life of the person being described. In the example of a portrait sketch, you can talk about your contemporary, friend or historical personality... Regardless of who will be discussed, it is worth touching on some problem. She can touch modern society or a group of specific people. An example of an essay about a person might look like this.

“I’m all in a handful of my brain, but I devour so many books that the world cannot accommodate them. I cannot satisfy my greedy appetite. I'm starving all the time, ”- Tommaso Campanella. The son of a shoemaker, a failed lawyer, monk and criminal who spent 27 years in the prisons of the Inquisition.

Until the age of 34, he wandered around the monastic cells, spent 27 years in prison. While in captivity, he was intensively engaged in literary creativity. The prisoners were not given parchment and ink, but Campanella managed to find them. His works were confiscated, but he stubbornly restored them from memory, he himself translated into Latin.

City of Sun

During his imprisonment, Campanella managed to write several fundamental works on philosophy, theology, astrology, astronomy, medicine, physics, mathematics, and politics. In total, 100 treatises with a total volume of 30 thousand pages came out from under his pen. Chief among them is the "City of the Sun".

Our hero wrote for 27 long years about a world in which a fertile utopia reigns. There people work only 4 hours a day, and the rest of the time they devote to their hobbies. There is no disagreement, war and repression. It was this treatise that was for the most part considered heresy, it was because of it that Campanella spent half his life in the clutches of the Inquisition. He was repeatedly offered to give up his thoughts about utopia, but he stubbornly insisted on his own. Until the very end, until his last breath, he believed in his convictions.

For a time he was a guest of honor at the royal court, but the whole world took up arms against him. Campanella never retreated before anything. Torture, hunger, cold, dampness, illness did not break him. He had something to tell the world about. "

This is one example of a portrait sketch. There is a description of a person, his fate, character and the problem is mentioned. Now you can move on to the next example of the text, the problematic essay.

Problematic essay

This is a rather difficult kind of creativity. It is possible to tackle it only to the smallest details having delved into the problem presented to the readers' judgment. Otherwise, the author will look ridiculous. We provide one of the examples of the text of a problematic essay, which touches on the problem of the family. Previously, everyone tried to get it. Modern people have become completely different. They value their own freedom more than a stamp in a passport. Let's see what an example of a problem essay looks like.

“Does a modern person need a family? If you look at the statistics of divorce proceedings, you can doubt this. Modern girls are in no hurry to get married. They can provide for themselves while remaining free of obligations. Why would they get married? To take care of a man who lives with them under the same roof? Cooking for him, washing his socks and shirts, ironing his trousers and handkerchiefs? The husband is unlikely to give flowers and expensive jewelry, endure whims and fulfill any desire in order to spend the night with his wife. It is quite another matter when a woman is free, and a man plays the role of a lover.

About happiness and meaning

Why are families created? For some, this is the meaning of life. A family is created when love appears in the heart, when you want to take care of your loved one and be responsible for him.

People strive for spiritual joy and closeness. A happy family is a place where you recuperate, relieve stress and enjoy. Once Leo Tolstoy wrote: "Happy is he who is at home!" This is indeed the case. Isn't it happiness to run home, realizing that they are waiting there? Family is the foundation of a happy couple's life.

Should you play a wedding and put a stamp in your passport or live for your own pleasure, taking care only of yourself? Everyone should decide for himself what is more important for him. "

Road

For a travel sketch, an example text might look like this.

“A journey, even a very short one, is like a breath of fresh air. Every time, returning from another city, you seem to change, become a slightly different person. I do not have a clear schedule where it would be indicated when and where I should go. It's just that from time to time I have a desire to go somewhere. Then I go to the train station and take a ticket for the next train to the fifth stop. After getting off the train, I can head to the regular buses and go into the distant wilderness or wander the streets big city, which bears the loud name of a metropolis.

It happened this time too. I drove towards remote villages and accidentally stumbled upon an abandoned village. Strange, but many residents of the surrounding villages did not even know about its existence. This village has not been on the map for a long time. No one remembers its name, even in the archives very little information has been preserved about it.

Light

There are practically no houses left here. For a long time, nature has destroyed what man created. If you count, then in the entire village there are three more or less surviving houses. Entering one of them, I expected to see empty rooms, broken furniture and piles of rubbish. This usually happens in abandoned buildings.

These examples of essay essays can be taken as a basis in your work. Still, it’s better not to try to imitate anyone’s lyrics. The main thing is to really feel the problem under consideration and put your feelings into the text. This is how the reader can be touched.

Lyudmila Kosykh
Problem essay "Do you know your child?"

Problematic essay on the topic:

« Do you know your child?»

At first glance, this question seems ridiculous. And if you think about its meaning? What our child can do, what he wants and what he doesn’t want, what knows and why not knows and how to help him? How should the requirements for it be changed so as not to harm? Can we expect positive parenting results if we do almost everything blindly?

And no matter how good our intentions are, everything that we teach the child will cost a little, if we do not preserve his health, do not help him to form spiritually.

To get to know the child more deeply, it is necessary to analyze his attitude to the world around him. Any personality is revealed in relation to study, work, to their business, to others. Studying these relations, it is possible to single out the basic qualities of the personality, to make an educational diagnosis and, in accordance with it, to select the techniques and methods of education. There are groups of relationships, consider three of them: the child's attitude to their business; attitude towards other people, attitude towards oneself.

Does he work because the result or the labor process itself is important to him, because it makes it possible to make discoveries, create, or the opportunity to win leadership, gain recognition?

The child's attitude to work lies on the surface, successes and failures are always visible. It is very important not to substitute the result for the attitude. The child wants to do something, but it may not always work out well for him. Achievements in work and study are not always adequate to the child's attitude towards them. The main thing for children is positive attitude to work, the desire to work, to understand the meaning of work in human life. It is necessary to observe the child in different situations, and perhaps conduct conversations with him on individual problems... Conversations can arise after reading any stories, books.

It is very important to focus on family relationships. It is the family that influences the emotional well-being of the child. Meanwhile, the opinion that disadvantaged children grow up in disadvantaged families is not always true. Many examples can be cited when difficult children grew up in a prosperous family.

There are family parenting styles.

Family relationships can be represented as formulas:

family relations system = (parents + parents) + (parents + children) + (children + children).

We will look at the relationship between parents and children. These relationships are usually called the style of family education. The mental and overall development of the child largely depends on the style of family education.

Upbringing like Cinderella. Parents who adhere to this style of upbringing are overly picky about their children, demanding from them unquestioning obedience, observance of order, submission to family traditions. They are hostile or unfriendly to the child, do not give him the necessary affection, warmth. Hammered, timid, always under pain of punishment and insults, many of these children grow up to be sloppy, fearful, unable to stand up for themselves. In some cases, children develop a desire for self-affirmation through aggressiveness and conflict. Such children find it difficult to adapt to new conditions. These children, acutely experiencing the unfair attitude of parents and other adults towards them, fantasize a lot, go into the fantasy world, instead of actively acting.

Parents punish their children for non-observance of order, for poor school grades, for failure to comply with their requirements, for violation of many other prohibitions.

These parents care little about the moral side; it is important that the child is obedient and unquestioningly fulfills the requirements of his elders.

The strictness and excessive exactingness of parents often turns into the fact that children do not want to learn, they hardly concentrate their attention during the teacher's explanation. Authoritarian parents create in their children an increased anxiety about the praise or censure of the teacher.

Step-by-step parental control over the child's actions excludes not only the possibility of freedom for him, but also excludes trust between children and parents. In conditions of mistrust and restriction of freedom, the search activity of children is suppressed, initiative and imagination are extinguished. The older the child becomes, the more intolerance he shows towards the demands of his parents. On this basis, conflicts arise, sometimes with a disastrous outcome. Children develop feelings of inferiority, rejection.

Education by constant care. Parents treat their children warmly, but they control their every step, do not allow them anything that could cause discontent among adults. Constant guardianship leads to the fact that the child is deprived of independence. His initiative is suppressed, he cannot show his abilities. Among such children, dependent, uncommunicative, infantile, unadapted, egocentric people grow up. They get used to the fact that someone decides everything for them, and they have no choice but to obey someone else's evil will.

Upbringing like a family idol. With this style of upbringing, all the requirements and the slightest whims of the child are fulfilled. The whole family strives to satisfy his desires and whims. Children grow up willful, stubborn, not recognizing prohibitions, not thinking about the material and other capabilities of their parents. Selfishness, irresponsibility, inability to delay receiving pleasure, consumer attitude towards others - these are the consequences of such upbringing.

Education by indifference. The child does not receive neither warmth nor attention in the family, he is left to himself, is not controlled by anyone. Nobody forms in him the skills of social life, does not teach him to understand "what is good and what is bad." These children may have serious behavioral disturbances. This is upbringing, on the basis of which many forms of violation, up to unlawful actions, grow. Among juvenile delinquents, there are many children whose situation in the family could be characterized as neglect. To rectify the old fruits of upbringing requires considerable effort.

Education by gifts. There is also a style of upbringing when parents do not spend enough time with their children, getting off of them with gifts. Children brought up in this way, instead of receiving affection, warmth and care from their parents, receive surrogates of love from them. Parents entrust the upbringing of their children to relatives, tutors or random people, so long as the children do not interfere with their careers and work. Such upbringing is reflected in the child's psyche, he does not feel happy, needed by loved ones. As a rule, such children subsequently hand over their parents to nursing homes, depriving them of his worries in old age.

Raising trust. Parents give their children some independence, treat them warmly, respect their human dignity, and often allow them to regulate your behavior, ready to help, forgiving to mistakes, raising socially adapted, independent children, capable of cooperation and creativity.

A child needs the support of his elders, the belief that if he does not know how to do something today, then tomorrow he will definitely succeed.

The psychology of family education puts forward the requirement for an optimal parental position. The position of parents in the upbringing of children is optimal if they accept the child as he is, treat him warmly, evaluate him objectively and build upbringing on the basis of this assessment; if they are able to change the methods and forms of influence in accordance with the changing circumstances of the child's life; if their educational efforts are directed towards the future and correlate with the requirements that the child's future life sets in front of him.

The optimal parenting position is for the benefit of the child. All upbringing in the family is based on love for children. The love of parents ensures the full development and happiness of children.

Raising by love does not deny parental control. According to psychologists researching Problems family upbringing, control is necessary for the child, because there can be no purposeful upbringing outside the control of adults. The child is lost in the world around him, among people, rules, things. At the same time, control comes into conflict with the child's need to be independent. It is necessary to find such forms of control that would correspond to the age of the child and do not infringe on his independence, while at the same time contributing to the development of self-control. Instead of directive overwhelming control ("do as I said") you can use instructive control ("maybe you can do as I suggest")... Instructive control develops initiative, hard work, self-discipline.

It is difficult to change the established approaches of parents to raising children. Anyone who is open to new experience wants to change his attitude towards their children, it can be recalled that the child has rights: the right for today, the right to be what he is.

To recognize a child's attitude to himself, one must pay attention to such qualities as self-esteem, pride, criticality and self-criticism, modesty, doubt, kindness, generosity, rancor, selfishness, selflessness, etc.

It is necessary to judge these qualities and the corresponding actions not by the result, but by the motive that prompted the child to take a certain action. The external side of the child's actions does not always correspond to his internal motives. Depending on the motive, the paths of productive influence on the child are chosen in terms of the formation of the positive qualities of his personality. There cannot be one recipe for all cases. Knowledge of the personality traits of a child will allow you to determine the appropriate program for his upbringing.

Bad babies are not born. A child is born to get to know the world, and not to anger parents or educators. The real basis of a person is not his individual qualities, but a way of life. The child lives from the first minutes of birth, and does not prepare for life. A child is a social being. Every personality develops in communication. The child needs cooperation. In cooperation, the child turns out to be much smarter and stronger than in independent work. "

Understanding the child, accepting him not only with the heart, but also with the mind, awareness his responsibility for destiny little man will help adults choose the parenting style that will benefit both the child and the parents.

Sections: Russian language

Class: 11

Lesson objectives:

1.Cognitive: generalization of what was learned about functional - semantic types of speech; repetition through the analysis of ready-made texts of the following concepts: type of speech, style of text; testing students' knowledge of journalistic style; acquaintance with the content and features of the problematic essay.

2.Practical: improving the ability to analyze the finished text through the concepts of type, style, theme; the formation of the ability to write an essay - reasoning on the read text.

3.General subject: development of the ability to combine the studied information into a system; development of operations logical thinking(analysis, generalization); testing the ability to analyze the text of journalistic style.

Learning tools: cards with journalistic-style texts; table "Types of speech", table "Styles of speech", textbooks (A.I. Vlasenkova, L.M. Rybchenkova. Russian language: Grammar. Text. Styles of speech: Textbook. for 10-11 grades. General educational institutions. - M .: Education, 2010), portrait of V.M. Peskov.

- Hello guys. Sit down please.

In today's lesson, we will continue our acquaintance with stylistic features literary genres.

The main goal of our work in this lesson is to get acquainted with the content and features of the problematic essay; collection of material for writing an essay - reasoning on the text read.

- But before we move on to a new topic, let's recall the previously studied material.

- You know that one of the means of expressing the author's attitude to the topic of the text is to use a certain type of speech when creating it, each of which has its own compositional features.

Most often, one text combines various typical fragments, but still one of them is dominant.

- What types of speech do you already know?

(Description, narration, reasoning)

- Let's remember, guys, the main features of all types of speech.

- What is the description?

(Description is a type of speech in which temporary or permanent signs of objects (phenomena) are listed. The object of description is always defined and disclosed through the enumeration of signs, the subject of description is static, there is practically no action in the description.)

- What FSTR is called narration?

(Narration is a special type of speech with the meaning of a message about developing events, actions or conditions.

Its main property is dynamism, the leading part of speech is a verb or words with the meaning of movement. The sequence of actions is emphasized by intonation.)

- What do we call reasoning?

(Reasoning is a type of speech with the meaning of a message, in which the most important part is indicating the causes or consequences of a particular phenomenon. A necessary component of reasoning is arguments (evidence).)

- I would like to draw special attention to the reasoning. First, most of the texts proposed in the test and measurement materials for the analysis are reasoning.

Secondly, the monitoring showed that graduates find it difficult to define this particular type of speech, since the distinctive features of reasoning are not always clearly expressed in the texts.

- By the way, what are the distinctive features of reasoning as a type of speech? (Thesis, proof, conclusion).

III. Text analysis.

- You are offered text # 1. Read it.

The ability to communicate becomes the art of communication when we are so clearly aware of what is happening between us and others in the process of communication that this does not entail artificiality and difficulties in mutual understanding. Only then can we, in hot pursuit, take advantage of what we have realized to improve contact. They say it can be learned. I think that everyone can do their best to understand with a sufficient degree of accuracy what others want to communicate.

(Journal "Science and Life")

1) popular science style, storytelling;

2) journalistic style, reasoning;

3) journalistic style, narration;

4) scientific style, description.

- Based on the table, try to determine what type of speech this text belongs to.

(Reasoning)

- Prove your point.

(We have determined by the following criteria: there is a THESIS, PROOF, CONCLUSION.)

- But not always the reasoning can be determined by these signs. The difficulty lies in the fact that a thesis or proof is not always clearly expressed in a number of discourse texts. But it is in such texts that the authors explain any phenomena.

Thirdly, it should be remembered that there are three types of reasoning: reasoning-explanation (interpretation of the concept, essence of the phenomenon), reasoning-thinking (meditating on various life situations), reasoning-proof (why is this and not otherwise? What follows from this ?).

- What kind of reasoning does this text belong to?

(Reasoning-thinking).

- Right.

- What is the style of the text?

(Publicistic)

- Let's find out, and on what grounds you determined that this text belongs to the journalistic style.

- Tell me, what is the characteristic of each functional style?

- The scope of the journalistic style?

- What are the functions of the journalistic style?

- The main style features?

- Basic language tools?

- What are the main genres of journalism?

JOURNALISTIC STYLE

- You have listed the main genres of journalism. And today in the lesson we will talk about the essay, since this genre is one of the most widespread in journalism.

- And for what purpose do we dwell in detail on this particular genre of journalism?

- Perhaps some of you will start working as a journalist, and in general, a person with an active life position needs the ability to express thoughts both orally and in writing. This is what we will learn in class today.

- Listen to the message and, based on the textbook material (p. 248), define the essay as a genre. (Read the definition.)

- Distinguish between a travel essay, a portrait essay and a problem essay.

- Today I would like to acquaint you with the genre of “problematic essay”. Therefore, the purpose of our lesson is to get acquainted with the content and features of the problematic essay; to collect material for writing an essay - reasoning on the text read.

- Write in notebooks the topic of the lesson “Problem essay. Preparation for a publicistic essay ”.

- Open the tutorial to page 262. Read and write down the main signs of a problem essay.

- Answer the following questions:

1. What is a problem essay?
2. How is the problem essay constructed?

- Why? (Because this text raises a problem.)

- What is the problem ? (The problem of the art of communication between people. And this is relevant today.)

V. Consolidation of what has been learned. Text analysis.

Holy (epithet) places.

Love to motherland. What do these words mean? I remember my first visit to Moscow. Getting off in the morning from the train, I went to Red Square. Past, hastily talking about trifles, people were walking. (inversion) I was surprised that none of them does not feel awe (metaphor) to that sacred (epithet) place. I waited for the opening of St. Basil's Cathedral. I remember stones (inversion) on the stairs (metonymy) that so many people have passed. But after all (reduced vocabulary) before the war there was an idea (inversion) demolish the cathedral and expand Red Square. Fortunately (introductory word), the temple was not broken. Today both Red Square and St. Basil's Cathedral - sacred for Russians a place. Insofar as (subordinate union with the meaning of the investigation) ancient masters could express their talent only by building temples, cathedrals, monasteries, then, by preserving them, we also preserve the memory of these masters. In the hustle and bustle daily cases (metaphor) we should definitely remember their origins (metaphor), for (book vocabulary) we call our past and the world around us in one word - fatherland, love for which must be cultivated ...

(According to V. Peskov)

- Now define the problem that Vasily Peskov raises in his text.

(Relation to holy places.)

- Define the topic of the text?

(The theme of historical memory.)

- Do you think the topic raised by the author is relevant and important?

- If we have a problematic essay, then this text should be built according to the type of reasoning.

Prove that Peskov's text is reasoning.

- What means of expression are characteristic of this text? Write them down.

Additional task.

- Write down the words in which you find it difficult to spell. Explain their spelling.

- Explain all punctuation marks.

- So, we have analyzed the problematic essay, identified its distinctive features.

- Using the collected material and the knowledge gained in this lesson, at home you will write a problematic essay on the text of V. Peskov's read “Holy Places”. Think about how you will build the text, what semantic relationships will be between sentences, how they will be expressed.

- Let's summarize.

Guys, what should you consider when writing a problem essay?

1) the basics of construction;

2) the presence of a problem;

3) the presence of expressive means

- I hope that the knowledge you gained in class today will be useful in life. Thanks for your work. The lesson is over. Goodbye.

204 *. Write off using the spelling rules. Identify the topics of proverbs and sayings. Pick up synonymous proverbs to some of them, antonymous proverbs, sayings, aphoristic expressions to others. Explain all cases of setting a dash.

1. (Not) need..n and treasure if the husband and wife are okay. 2. The bird rejoices in the spring and the youngest mother ... 3. Love and light and no grief. 4. (Not) dear gift is dear love. 5. From the master's eye the cat also shines. 6. Not the hostess who says but who cooks cabbage soup. 7. Ser (?) Tse heart .. chu..t. 8. One heart p .. gives another (does not) know. 9. And love .. you and lips .. you. 10. What a girl's memory is short.

1. With which proverbs do you completely agree, with which - in part, with reservations, with which - do you disagree? Why?

2. Compose your text by arguing or agreeing with one of the proverbs.

205 *. Formulate 2-3 topics that are relevant to society or to you personally. Make a plan or theses for a problematic essay on one of the topics.

206. K. Ushinsky considered the following spiritual values ​​to be the most important for a person: a) "passionate striving for truth";

b) striving for beauty "in relationships between people";

c) conscience; d) "striving for excellence"; e) "sense of justice".

How do you understand each of these spiritual values ​​of the human person? What would you put first? Why? Give your justification in writing.

207 *. "Happiness - how do I understand it?" Try to write a problematic essay on such a topic. Pick up the epigraph. Remember that you must have an essay-reasoning, that is, reasoned.

208. Write a problematic essay on one of the topics:

1) Is it possible in my age to choose a profession for life?

2) What is more important: who to be or what to be?

3) What does knowledge give a person?

4) My thoughts about the people of the Earth, their lives in the past and the future.

When writing an essay, use the works of art you read, articles in newspapers and magazines.

209 *. Give an interpretation of the following words (in writing). If you have any difficulties, refer to the explanatory dictionary.

Logic, judgment, inference, reasoning, thesis, proof, argument, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization.

Means of journalistic style (public and moral-ethical vocabulary, rhetorical questions and appeals, inviting intonations, civic pathos, etc.) are also used in fiction, and in poetry - classical and modern.

210 *. Pick up a poem that successfully uses the means of journalistic style that increase the emotional impact on the listener, reader, awakening high civic feelings, calling for heroism, to fight for your ideals, to good, bright things in life. Prepare an analysis of the linguistic means of emotional influence in this poem.

Oral presentation

The journalistic style of speech includes not only articles, essays, reports, but also oral presentations- speeches, reports on socio-political, moral and ethical topics.

The main task of an oral presentation is communication, the ability to convey information to your listener, convince him, and prove your point of view.

In publicistic speeches, simple sentence constructions, incomplete interrogative and exclamation sentences, addresses are widely used, participial and adverbial expressions are used less often, they are replaced by subordinate clauses.

niyami, homogeneous members... Oral public speech is rich in phraseological units, figurative means, in it more often than in ordinary oral speech, epithets, comparisons, metaphors are used.

In the oral publicistic presentation, both common vocabulary, and socio-political, and colloquial are used. If questions of science or technology are touched upon, then there are also some commonly used terms.

211. Give an assessment of the speech of the prosecutor and the speech of a well-known lawyer in the past, defender F. Plevako, described in the "Memoirs" of the writer V. Veresaev.

The old woman stole a tin teapot 3, worth less than fifty kopecks. She ... was subject to a jury trial. Whether alongside, or so, on a whim, Plevako acted as the protector of the old woman. The prosecutor decided in advance to paralyze the influence of Plevako's defensive speech and himself expressed everything that could be said in defense of the old woman: the poor old woman, bitter need, insignificant theft, the defendant causes not indignation, but only pity. But property is sacred, all our civil amenities rest on property; if we let people shake it, the country will perish.

Plevako got up.

Russia had to endure many troubles, many trials for its more than a thousand-year existence. Pechenegs tormented her, Polovtsy, Tatars, Poles. Twelve languages ​​fell upon her, took Moscow. Russia endured everything, overcame everything, only got stronger and grew from the trials. But now, now ... The old woman stole an old kettle, at a cost of 30 kopecks. Russia, of course, will not be able to withstand this; from this it will perish irrevocably.

Plevako's speech was decisive for the jury. They unanimously spoke in favor of the old woman's acquittal.

1. What method in Plevako's speech turned out to be, in your opinion, the most powerful? How was it combined with other speech means?

2. Mark in Plevako's speech the words and phrases of a high, triumphant

military style. What shade is given to them in this speech? What confirms this special shade?

3. How do you understand the word twelve! Disassemble it according to its composition. What are the names of words that are not currently used? What stylistic connotation does this word acquire in this text?

Each of you has had or will have to speak in front of the audience more than once in your life, to prepare your own performance. This is more difficult than retelling someone's article, speech, or book.

What will help you to perform successfully?

1. Before oral presentation, you must carefully
prepare. And this means that it is imperative to think over the content of the speech: what to talk about, what facts, examples to use, what sources to refer to, how and how to argue; think over conclusions and generalizations.

It is important to know the topic of the speech well, to understand the essence of the issue, to understand the goals and objectives of the speech: what should be achieved from the audience, what to convince them, what conclusions to draw, what to set up against, what to warn against.

2. Personal conviction of the speaker, the speaker is necessary in what he will talk about: you need to defend your opinion, your point of view, your approach, taking into account, however, the prevailing public opinion. This does not mean at all that one should think and speak the way everyone thinks and says. But if the opinion of the speaker is at odds with the opinion of the audience, it will be necessary to speak, convince in a different way, not in the same way as in a speech in front of your like-minded people. In this case, it is advisable to start with what can unite with the audience, and only then put forward a thesis with which not everyone will agree, very thoroughly arguing it, referring to facts and authorities that are weighty for the audience.

3. Remember the words of A. Pushkin about the speech of one of the heroines of his fairy tales: "And how the speech speaks, as if the river is babbling." So, you need to work on the pronunciation. Speech should sound smooth and even, without tongue twisters and constant gestures.

4. Highlight the most important words and phrases, turns of speech, think over what expressive means of the language you can use in your speech (comparisons, epithets, metaphors, etc.).

5. The beginning of the speech should be built in such a way as to immediately interest the audience with its main thought, argumentation, to capture their attention, and then keep them in emotional stress all the time, to make them like-minded people.

6. In order for the listeners to believe, "follow" your thoughts, try to influence not only with logic, reasoning, but also with your will, emotions, through intonation, expressive pauses in the right place, logical stress, in some cases - through gestures, mean, but expressive.

7. In order not to lose the thread of your speech, have a short plan in front of you, which should include: the beginning, the first phrases; basic provisions, brief theses and phrases, with the help of which you will move from one thought to another; conclusions, conclusion.

8. Try to plan in advance to think over your entire speech, and then, alone or in front of someone from your comrades, say it out loud (or record it on a tape recorder, dictaphone). So you can observe your diction, timbre of voice, rate of speech, pauses, check the correct pronunciation of individual words.

Rehearsing your speech in advance, outline where you need to amplify your voice, where to pause, where gestures are required, questions to the audience, how you will behave if there is noise in the hall or laughter, or replies and questions are heard.

Try to look at the audience as you speak.

So, a public speech, in addition to a good knowledge of the speaker of his topic, requires from him liveliness, emotionality, enthusiasm for what he is talking about, and conviction in what he says, the ability to communicate with the public.

212. Write down the text using the spelling rules. Make a plan for him.

Public speaking is common now in our lives. Everyone needs to be able to speak at meetings and maybe give lectures and reports.

Thousands of books have been written in all ages about the art (?) Tve orat..rov and lecturers. (It is not) worth repeating here everything that is known about oratory... I will say one simple thing that (would) the performance be interesting, the speaker himself should be interested in performing. He should be interested in presenting his point of view (?) To convince in it the material of the lecture should be the most attractive for him to some extent surprising. The speaker himself must be interested in the subject of his speech and be able to convey this interest to the audience to make them feel (?) The interest of the speaker. Only then will it be interesting to listen to it.

And also in the speech there should not be several equal thoughts, ideas. In every speech there should be one dominant idea, one thought to which others obey. Then the performance will not only interest but also be remembered.

And (essentially) always come out from a good position. Even a speech against any (or) idea of ​​thought, strive to build as a support .. for the positive that is in the objections of the person arguing with you. Public speaking should always be from a public standpoint. Then it will meet with sympathy. (D. Likhachev)

213 *. On the basis of theoretical information ("Oral presentation") and the text of exercise 212, prepare two speeches: a) "Linguistic and compositional features of oral public speaking"; b) "How to prepare for an oral presentation."

214. Read the story of I. Andronikov (see p. 162). What conclusions will you draw for yourself about storytelling? What helps to master this skill? Write about it.

It is known that in the 18th century Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin amazed everyone with his "oral stories". The author of "The Minor" has been replaced and it looks like he portrayed Sumarokov. And How

writes in the biography of Fonvizin P. A. Vyazemsky, "amusing the nobleman (Potemkin), he imitated his boss and patron in front of him," because "he had the gift of mimicking, he represented his boss in his faces — an innocent joke!"

In 19th-century Russia, Gogol, Turgenev, Grigorovich, Pisemsky were reputed to be wonderful storytellers. But nevertheless, these were writers who carried the main honey to the literary hive. An oral story for them was a gymnastics of imagination and observation, a breakdown, an etude, and if it was fixed on paper, at that very moment it ceased to exist as a sounding word.

The genre of oral story with a precise measure of improvisation and plot was more carefully preserved and cultivated, perhaps, by the actors of the old Maly Theater. These were not monologues, scenes that they performed from the stage. An oral story, a story "from life" - everyday, autobiographical or parody, appeared in a moment of rest, behind the scenes, at a party, at a party. Mikhailo Semyonovich Schepkin was known as an amazing storyteller in Moscow drawing rooms. Prov Sadovsky with gloomy seriousness, but in such a way that all the "tummies were torn" around, reproduced the monologue of the Zamoskvoretsk merchant about Napoleonder Bonopart and the "Republic of France": how Napoleonder wanted to take all of Europe under his thumb, but ended up on the island of St. Alena, where there is no sky, no earth, no water, - only a swell in the sky and the sentry walks ...

Ivan Fedorovich Gorbunov became famous in this genre, the author of the later recorded scenes "La Traviata", "Aeronaut", "At the Cannon", the creator of the legendary image of the retired General Dityatin, who had his extraordinary opinion on every occasion of life and politics and expressed it with stately aplomb under a friendly laughter of those present.

I. L. Andronikov's oral speeches from the stage were very popular - about writers, artists, scientists. Many of his oral presentations have been recorded and published.

THE STORY OF THIS STORY

This is the first attempt to translate into letters a story that for many years exists only in my oral transmission and is one of the most important "oral stories" for me. But...

Paper is able to fix text. And it is powerless to convey the very "performance", the game - the timbre of the voice, the manner of pronunciation, "facial behavior", gestures, "mise-en-scenes", and most importantly, intonation. And thus the intonation subtext.

As for the dinner, about which the story is concerned, here the impressions from many meetings with Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy and from the only one with Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov were combined (later, when I already performed this story publicly, I saw V.I.Kachalov more than once). But at that early time, the lack of impressions made up for the memory of the performances with Kachalov, which I saw two or even three times.

Needless to say, the story was preceded by a multitude of intonational "sketches", long, almost involuntary searches for intonations, timbres, psychological observations, entry into the image, behind which one could guess the "character structure".<...>

I knew Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy for twenty years, at different periods of his life and in the most varied circumstances ...<...>

Soon, in a circle of friends, and then in front of a wide circle of acquaintances, I began to reproduce with exaggeration the nature of his speech, judgment, joke, and what he said, and never said by him, but in his spirit. And then I could, in his image, in his voice, in his manner, improvise on the move, without difficulty, because in those minutes I was more of him and much less of me.

Somehow neighbors came to him ... At the request of the "public" I showed Tolstoy and Marshak. From Alexei Tolstoy passed to Leo Tolstoy, started talking about the play "Resurrection" at the Moscow Art Theater, about how Vasily Ivanovich Kachalov plays the role "From the Author". I began to show how Katchalov reads, and mentioned about lunch at Tolstoy's. Schwartz (playwright) demanded that I show everything in order and in faces. (He often forced me to introduce new, yet untested plots into circulation.) Then he said:

Now tell me how he arrived, how he met
his Tolstoy ...

I was surprised:

I have no such story.

No, it will be so.

I don't even know where to start.

And you start, and it will begin.

At first they talked in the hall ...

So go to the front and start. I went out and called in Tolstoy's voice:

Tusya, Vasya Kachalov has arrived! ..

And he told everything without hesitation - about what you already know. He finished with the clatter of horseshoes, depicting this clatter with his tongue. Since childhood, I have clicked, depicting a horse running, but did not know what to apply these sounds to. Finally, the application was found.

When I was silent, Schwartz began to analyze and retell this story with a laugh.

Since then, I have performed this story constantly. 4 In the clubs of the intelligentsia. 4 Away. 4 At concerts. In the troops of the Kalinin Front. On the southern front. In a partisan detachment on the Smolensk land. As in my other oral stories, the text changed each time, in relation to the audience, to its ideas. And each time the verbal content and the degree of similarity were dictated by a sense of tact in relation to the topic, to the audience and, naturally, to the faces I portray. But, despite the sometimes dashing transformations of the text, the existing structure remained. And many parts of the text are preserved to this day.

At first I performed this story in the editorial offices, on the sidelines of the Leningrad Public Library, at the Pushkin House, on a visit. In Moscow he began to perform at his evenings. Finally, Tolstoy saw himself. 4 And yourself - Kachalov. 4 Then, together with Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, I came to Alexei Maksimovich Gorky. And it so happened that Gorky asked to repeat this story again and again for the newly arriving guests. And two weeks later I was again lucky to perform it for the fourth time in front of Gorky. And Tolstoy encouraged me with his benevolent laugh. Gorky, on the other hand, not only approved of the stories, but also noticed improvisational

differences in the text. Then I repeatedly performed this story in the house of Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy for guests. Later...

Then it turned into a memory.

With the passage of time, the funny is caught less and less. And the story itself became stricter - in execution. In 1946 I recorded it on magnetic tape. Then an excerpt from it entered the television film. And now, finally, the first attempt to put this text on paper. It's not for me to judge what came of it.

Analyze the syntax of I. Andronikov's story: what sentences prevail in it, how are they formed intonationally, how is this related to punctuation marks? Pay attention to the views clauses and on sentences with homogeneous members, on the use of participial and adverbial expressions. What is their role in this text?

215 *. Learn to improvise, that is, to compose an oral story without preliminary preparation: a) on a fantastic or fairy-tale theme (with a description of the characters' appearance); b) reproducing familiar everyday scenes, scenes from school life; c) on the plots of television and films, performances, works of art... Try to enter the role of the character being portrayed, remember the course of events and at the same time constantly vary the verbal design, semantic shades of remarks, the outline of characteristic details. Perform one of these improvisations in class, in the lesson.

216. What do you remember most often when you are away from your home for a long time? Tell us about the details that come to mind most vividly. Tell them so that the listeners (or readers) will believe you, together with you they will feel the beauty and significance of what excites your soul, although it may be quite ordinary, simple, inconspicuous for an outsider's eye (tree, stream, treasured path, lane , favorite activity at home, acquaintances, relatives). Title your text so that the title and content reflect the main point. Record it after oral presentation.

217 *. Do you personally know a good storyteller? Try to convey in writing one of his stories, preserving the style and figurative expressions of speech (first orally, then in writing).

218. Write down and comment on each of the proverbs: how
she characterizes oral speech? Tell us about the contained in
proverbial spelling and punctuation difficulties,
by pre-grouping them.

1. Beginning with a jug and ending with a barrel. 2. In the garden .. buz..na and in Kiev uncle. 3. A lot of words, a lot of clues. 4. Serde..noe word to ser (?) Tsa income..t. 5. Words are pearls but when there are many of them they lose value. 6. The word s..r..bro is silent. .e gold. 7. The word is not in..r..bei departure..t I don’t understand, you. 8. The word say ... t s.l..vey sings.

219. Copy the text. How do you assess expressed in it
thoughts of goodness and stupidity? Prepare your oral presentation
about their understanding of the relationship and the relationship of these two
properties of the human soul, their perception by different people.

Good (not) can ... be stupid. A good deed is never stupid because it is selfless and does not pursue benefits and “smart results”. It is possible to call a good deed “stupid” only when it clearly (could not) achieve the goal or was “false-kind”, mistakenly kind, that is (is) (not) kind. I repeat, a truly good deed cannot be stupid, it cannot be (outside) evaluations from the point of view of the mind or not the mind. So good and good. (D. Likhachev.)

GT1 Report is the most difficult and responsible form of oral presentations, characterized by the completeness of the topic and completeness.

In the report, as in other oral statements, it is possible to single out the main thesis (main position), which must be disclosed, proved, and particular theses. The basics of constructing a report, the requirements for it, were set out earlier when talking about an oral presentation. However, the report, unlike other types of oral presentations, has its own characteristics..

1. The report is carefully prepared in advance, briefly, in the form of abstracts, each of its provisions is formulated. The general thesis is confirmed, disclosed by private theses. For each thesis, evidence is selected: facts, examples, figures. The necessary conclusions and generalizations are thought out in advance.

2. The performance is structured taking into account main idea, the main thesis, those tasks and goals that are set in the report. The course of the whole report, its construction largely depends on how those present relate to your idea, to your thoughts: it becomes clear which aspect needs to be strengthened, which one should be illustrated with examples, substantiated with authoritative references, and which one can be omitted or completely omitted.

3. “The flow of thought of the lecturer is important for the success of a speech,” wrote A. Koni. - If a thought jumps from object to object, is thrown, if the main thing is constantly interrupted, then such speech is almost impossible to listen to. It is necessary to construct speech in such a way that the second thought flows from the first, the third from the second, etc., so that there is a natural transition from one to the other. "

4. A report wins if some problems are posed to the audience and they are immediately solved either by the speaker himself or together with the audience. Experienced presenters successfully use the analogy technique that activates the attention of the audience: they give similar facts, solutions from the area of ​​knowledge, which is closer and more understandable for the listeners, and then move on to the main essence of their message.

5. A report is well received if it somehow touches upon the life, interests, problems of the audience before which you are speaking, its current concerns and worries, prospects and expectations.

6. Making a presentation, you can use theses and working notes. A specific situation during a speech requires (and quite often) special words, and sometimes a restructuring of the entire speech. At the same time, it is important not to lose the main line of thought, the logical connection between theses, sentences, to have examples, arguments, logical transitions in stock.

The speech uses the words it should, it should, it should, it should be. Semantically empty words should be avoided: here, this, this, this, so, well, that, as a matter of fact, they say, in one word, you can say, uh-uh and etc.

220. Prepare a report on the life of one of the remarkable people of science or art: an outstanding Russian linguist, geographer, physicist, public figure, artist, artist.

Discussion

One must be able not only to make reports, report, take and give interviews, but also participate in the discussion messages, reports of others, in dialogues, disputes and discussions on emerging problems, be an opponent(i.e., raise objections) on a particular issue. What is important for this?

1. Try to polemize, argue reasonably, prove the truth with scientific, economic justification, persuade not with the power of your voice, but with facts.

2. Turn the defense of views (your own or another speaker's, if you support him) into an offensive.

3. Do not get involved in empty polemics and do not give others a reason for such polemics.

4. Try not to resort to the means used by an unscrupulous opponent (distortion of facts, statements, avoiding the main thing).

5. Find the courage to admit the correct and the enemy of your idea.

6. To refute the wrong, from your point of view, position of the opponent, there are many techniques, opportunities to prove its failure. Here are some of them:

a) a false (as it seems to you) thesis is refuted by other facts, which the speaker kept silent about;

b) the evidence system is criticized: show that
the thesis put forward does not follow from the given arguments, facts;

c) arguments are criticized, the facts themselves, which can be considered differently (prove it);

d) the false (in your opinion) thesis develops further, to its logical conclusion and is reduced to absurdity.

221. Copy an excerpt from V. Rasputin's article "Look for a woman." What is the originality of the author's position?

The sacrificial (?) Spine and healing of the ser (?) Ts were the mood of a woman in enlightened circles (in) the flesh (until) the middle and even for the middle of the last century, as evidenced by Russian literature, which has always been able to sensitively improve the inner (?) public sounds. Olga Ilyinskaya hopes to defeat Oblomov's laziness Vera at Goncharov's (Oh, oh) break expects to soften the destructive nig..lism of Mark Volokhov Sonya Marm. .kova, by uncritical (?) nomal addition of his moral figure, are worthy of a monument if gifts and literary heroes ... now these honors - whose other image could serve as an indication of the greatness of a woman!