Approaches to the Study of Socialization

1. Object-object approach : Internalization, adoption, development, adaptation. But it does not take into account that a person can affect the norms of the environment and its relationship with it.

The founder: E. Durkheim, 19th century. "Education is an every minute-tested pressure of the social environment, seeking to form him in its own pattern and with its representatives and intermediaries of parents and teachers." Education should provide a certain amount of homogeneity among members of society. Recognition for the society of the active principle and its priority in the process of socialization.

T.rsans: "Socialization is the internalization of the culture of society in which the child was born as the development of the props of orientations for satisfactory functioning in the role.

1. Subject Subject Approach: Not only society plays an active role, but also a person himself

U.I.Tomas and F. Nazynetsky: Social phenomena and processes should be considered as a result of conscious activities of people.

J.Mid: Symbolic interactionism, the concept of a generalized other - also that and the mirror, but a person tries to look at others with strange eyes; The value of the game in the assimilation of the rules

Socialization - Development and self-implanting of a person in the process of assimilation and reproduction of culture, which occurs in interactions with different living conditions. The essence of socialization consists in combining the adaptation and separation of a person in a particular society.

Device - This is the process and the result of the formation of an individual by a social being.

Separation - This is the process and the result of the formation of human individuality.

Components of the socialization process:

• Spontaneous Socialization. Comes throughout life in the process of interaction with society. It proceeds both in the electoral interaction of a person with those or other segments of society and in the case of compulsory interaction with any segments (school, army), as well as in a situation of forced interaction with some segments (prison).
• Relatively guided socialization . It occurs in the process and as a result of the interaction of a person with the state and the states, which in aggregate carry out the management of society. It differs from spontaneous and controlled: spontaneous socialization is interaction with individual parts of society with an unintentional character.
• Relatively socially controlled socialization - This is a upbringing that can be defined as a relatively meaningful and targeted cultivation of a person in accordance with the specifics of the objectives of the organizations and the groups in which it is carried out. Education is a combination of family, religious, social, counter-society, corrective education.
• Self self-implantation: - this is the process and the result of more or less conscious, the systematic efforts of a person aimed at changing themselves. This is due to: the desire to comply with the expectations and requirements of society, to withstand the requirements of society and effectively solve problems, avoid and overcome the hazards of socialization, the approximation of the image of the real I am to the image of the desired I. Efforts can be directed both to appearance and the inside. It can be self-improvement, self-employment, self-destruction

The difference between spontaneous socialization and education:

1. Spontaneous Socialization is the process of unintentional interactions and mutual influences
2. Spontaneous Socialization is a continuous process.
3. Natural socialization is of a holistic nature, i.e. The constant influence of the medium per person, and the upbringing - partial, i.e. There are different target agents from different targets.

Socialization stages:

1. Up to the 60s. 20 V.
   • Primary - Child Socialization
   • Marginal - Teens
   • Sustainable or conceptual - from 17 to 25 years
2. After the 60s

• Primary
• Secondary

1. G.m.andreyeva

• Dotter
• Labor
• podletovaya

1. Mudrick A.V.

• Childhood:
  • infancy (0-1)
  • early childhood (1-3)
  • preschool childhood (3-6)
  • junior School Age (6-10)
• Advocacy:
• Junior Teenage Age (10-12)
• Senior adolescent age (12-14)
• Youth:
• Early Youth Age (15-17)
• Youth (18-23)
• Youth (23-30)
• Maturity
• Early maturity (30-40)
• Late maturity (40-55)
• Elderly age (55-65)
• Old age
• Old age (65-70)
• Loading (over 70)

Socialization factors (conditions):

The factor is one of the necessary conditions for this or that process.

• MegaFactors (space, planet, world)
• Macrofactors (country, ethnos, state)
• Mesofactors (Types of settlement, subculture)
• Microfactors (family, neighborhood, group of peers, organization)

All factors are closely intertwined between themselves and their influence is interconnected. One absolutizing factor cannot be selected.

Socialization agents:

Microfactors affect a person through the agents of socialization - persons in direct interaction with which his life takes place. Agents are different in different ages of a child

Types of socialization agents

By the nature of influence (can be combined in one person):

• Guardians (care persons)
• ATORITETES.
• Disciploters and teachers mentors

For family accessories:

• Parents and other family members
• Reclamation (neighbors, friends, etc.)

In their age:

• Adults
• Peers
• Senior or younger partners

Tools of socialization

Socialization tools are different and vary depending on age. The feeding method, the language of the socialization agents, household and hygienic skills, elements of spiritual culture, and so on can be attributed to the means.

Socialization tools also include positive and negative formal and informal sanctions adopted in society.

Socialization mechanisms

Dard considered the mechanism - imitation. W. Bronfenbrenner is a progressive mutual adaptability between an active growing human being and changing environmental conditions. N.Smelerzer - imitation, identification, feeling of shame and guilt. V.S.Mukhina - identification and extraction. A.V.Petrovsky is a natural change of phases of adaptation, individualization and integration in the process of personality development. A.V. Mudrick summarized and allocated the following universal socialization mechanisms.

1. Psychological mechanisms
   • Imprinting - Fixing by man on the receptor and subconscious levels of the characteristics of vital objects affecting it. It takes place mainly in infancy, or traumatic experience at any age, a vivid impressive image at any age can be captured.
   • Existential push - The influence of the conditions of the human being, determining the mastering of them with their native language and non-standard, as well as unconscious assimilation of the norms of social behavior, immutable in society and necessary for survival in it.
   • Imitation - arbitrary or involuntary following by any examples and samples of behavior with which the person faces interacting with its surrounding people, as well as the proposed means of the QMS.
   • Identification - (identification) Emotional-cognitive process of assimilation by man norms, installations, values, models of behavior as its own in cooperation with significant persons and reference groups.
   • Reflection - Internal dialogue in which a person considers, assesses, accepts or rejects certain norms and values. Reflection can be an internal dialogue between a different "human" person, with real or fictional faces.
2. Socio-pedagogical mechanisms

• Traditional mechanism - (spontaneous socialization) the assimilation of norms, standards, and so on, which are characteristic of his family and the nearest environment. Public morals (traditions, customs, etc.), common in specific regions, settlements, ethnic groups, confessions, social layers, which include promal, asocial and antisocial elements. The assimilation is unconscious, capturing. Often, traditions or norms can contradict this "as it should" and "how correctly."
• Institutional mechanism - functions in the process of human interaction with the institutions of society and various organizations, both specially created for its socialization, and implementing the socializing function, in parallel with their main (production, public clubs, SMC, etc.). In the process of human interaction, there is an increasing accumulation of relevant knowledge and experience of socially furnished behavior, as well as the experience of imitation of socially approved behavior and conflict or conflict avoidance of the implementation of social norms.
• Stylized mechanism - acts within a certain subculture (a complex of moral and psychological traits and behavioral manifestations typical of people of a certain age, a professional or cultural layer and so on). But the subculture does not affect the individual itself, and the members of the group, within their roles regarding the subject - imitation and identification.
• Interpersonal mechanism - functions in the process of human interaction with significant persons for him - identification, imitation. This mechanism is isolated separately, because a particular person can influence contrary to the norms of the Group.

Man as a subject - active role of man himself. But a person can also be a victim of socialization - conformism, alienation, dissident, offense. Person as an object socialization must have a certain locus control - This is a tendency of a person to see the sources of management of their lives or mainly in their environment, or in itself.

Lock control types:

• Internal - A person takes responsibility for himself, explaining what is happening in life with his behavior, actions and so on
• External - A person attributes responsibility for his life to external factors - fate, other people and so on.

Typology of victims of unfavorable socialization conditions:

• Real sacrifices are disabled, psychosomatic defects and deviations, orphans, or children from disadvantaged families.
• Potential victims - border mental states, migrants, children born in families with low economic, moral, educational level, metises and soms
• Latent victims are people who could not realize the deposits in them due to the objective circumstances of their socialization.

Text of scientific work on the topic "Detection of threats to the socialization of a child in the family, the publication was carried out during search research work as part of the implementation of the state scientific grant of the Vologda region to finance the support of innovative research and development and development work of graduate students, No. 115 of 23. 08. 2011"

Assessment of the quality of the result of the result.

Compatibility is a collective characteristic reflecting to what extent existing interpersonal relationships carry the potential threat to the occurrence of alienation and interpersonal conflict. The potential stability of the collective reflects the degree of attractiveness of work in it for its members. It is manifested in preserving the constant composition of teachers for a long time or insignificant, gradual variability.

The results obtained during the experimental research confirm the effectiveness of the formation of the communicative activities of children with the general underdevelopment of speech under the condition of the organization of the value-orientational unity of the interaction of specialists of the pre-school educational institution of the compensatory species.

Literature

1. Denisova, O.A. Children's Logopsychology / O.A. Denisova, O.L. Lechhanova, T.V. Zakharov / Ed. IN AND. Seliverstov. - M., 2008.

2. Spellopedia / Ed. L.S. Volkovka, S.N. Shakhovskoye - M., 1998.

3. Povalaeva, M.A. Correctional pedagogy. Interaction of specialists / M.A. Povalyaeva. - Rostov N / D, 2002.

4. Special family pedagogy / ed. IN AND. Seliverstova, O.A. Denisova, L.M. Kobrin. - M., 2009.

5. Fileva, TB Speech therapy work in a special kindergarten / T.B. Phileet, N.A. Cheveleva. - M., 1987.

O.Yu. Limarenko, S.V. Murashkin

Scientific Director: Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor N.V. Goltsova

Identification of threats to the socialization of the child in the family

Publication was carried out during search research work as part of the implementation of the State Scientific Grant of the Vologda Region to finance the support of innovative research and development work of graduate students, No. 115 of 08.23.2011

The article indicates the problem of identifying threats to the socialization of the child in the family. The results of the empirical research of the family as microecons are presented. Indicated resources reduction in the intensity of socialization threats.

Socialization, Safe Socialization, Threat, Danger, Risk, Microcredits, Family.

The Problem of Revealing Threats of Children's Socialization In The Family IS Considered in The Paper. The Results of The SCIENTFIC Research of The Family As Micro Environmenta ARPRESENTED IN THE ARTICLE. The Research Defines The Resources of Reducing The Intensity of Threats of Socialization.

Socialization, Safe Socialization, Threat, Danger, Risk, Micro Environment, Family.

Socialization of the individual in most part in various types of social communities through

it is considered as a process of entering the world culture, values \u200b\u200band norms on the basis of which

specific social connections and integration are personally formed socially significant features.

its responsibilities without harsh control by the administration, as well as their willingness on their own initiative, to make responsibility for performing some new works that are not formally incoming in their responsibilities.

The workshop of the team characterizes the degree of readiness of its members if necessary, to independently coordinate their actions with each other without appealing to the head. Especially important accuracy in pedagogical teams, introducing innovations. If coordination is carried out only through the head, the probability of success will be low.

Control Incomliances characterizes the degree of influence of advanced members of the pedagogical team on the decisions taken by the Administration relating to the plans and the organization of the pre-school institution.

The collective cohesion is a characteristic reflecting its ability to withstand internal and external influences, which negatively affect the effectiveness of joint activities. If the organization characterizes the ability of the group to form a rational structure of interaction between educators, then cohesion is suitable to maintain this structure. Cohesion depends on the unity of orientation, compatibility and potential stability of the team.

The unity of orientation shows the degree of adoption by members of the team of its goals and the achievements of their achievements implemented. This is expressed in the coincidence of opinions, assessments, installations and positions of educators in relation to different points of joint activities, primarily in accordance with

The most intensive process of personality socialization proceeds in childhood, when all basic value orientations are laid, the main social norms and relationships are assisted, the motivation of social behavior is formed.

The socialization of the modern child proceeds in conditions of unevenness and instability of the social development of Russian society. The main characteristic of the development of modern Russian society is its inconsistency: progressive, in fact, the modernization process determines the instability of socio-economic processes in the Russian society in recent decades who carry all the dangers in themselves. Dangers are: external threats to human life and health, his psychological and social development; Domestic threats emanating from the very personality; Threats that do not depend directly with the environment and personality. Thus, threats have a multifactoric nature.

The threat (danger) is defined as a property of lively and inanimate matter, capable of causing damage to man, natural environment and material values \u200b\u200b(resources).

The threat of socialization is the properties of its surrounding medium (environmental, family-household, educational, cultural, subject, geographical, social, etc.) and personalities that can cause real or potential harm to productive sustainable personal development, damage the integrity of the individual; provoke undeveloped (low level of development) of social intelligence, social competence and social interest, interpersonal social relations of public sense of activity.

In modern literature, all threats are more or less classified and described. The most common classification of threats to the socialization of schoolchildren is presented in the works of A.V. Mudrica. The scientist presents a classification based on the allocation of age-related stages of human socialization and the most typical hazards, the collision with which is most likely.

In the period of intrauterine development of the fetus: the unhealthy of parents, their drunkenness and (or) erratic lifestyle, poor mother-in-law; Negative emotional psychological state of parents, medical errors, environmental medium.

In preschool age (0-6 years): diseases and physical injuries; emotional stupidity and (or) the immorality of parents, ignoring the parents of the child and his abandonation; family poverty; antihumanity of employees of children's institutions; rejection of peers; antisocial neighbors and (or) their children; Video insight.

In the youngest school age (6 - 10 years old): immorality and / or drunkenness of parents, stepfather or stepmother, family poverty; hypo- or hyperemp; video survey; poorly developed speech; unpreparedness for learning; Negative attitude of the teacher and (or) peers; Negative effect of peers and (or)

senior guys (bringing to smoking, to drink, theft); Physical injuries and defects, loss of parents, rape, plant.

In adolescence (11 - 14 years old): drunkenness, alcoholism, parental immorality; family poverty; hypo- or hyperemp; video survey; mistakes of teachers and parents; smoking, toxication; rape, plant; loneliness; physical injuries and defects; Travel from peers; involvement in antisocial and criminal groups; ahead or backlog in psychosexual development; frequent moving family; Divorce of parents.

In early youth (15 - 17 years old): Antisocial family, family poverty; drunkenness, addiction, prostitution; Early pregnancy, involvement in criminal and totalitarian groups; rape; physical injuries and defects; The obsessive nonsense of the dysmortic phobia (attributing a non-existent physical defect or disadvantage); Loss of life prospects, misunderstanding surrounding, loneliness; Herbal from peers, romantic failures, suicidal aspirations; Discrepancies, contradiction between ideals, installations, stereotypes and real life.

In youthful age (18 - 23 years): drunkenness, drug addiction, prostitution; poverty, unemployment; rape, sexual failures, stress; involvement in unlawful activities, in totalitarian groups; loneliness; gap between the levels of claims and social status; Military service; The inability to continue education.

Multifactority of threats is detected in the process of the socialization of the child in the microcrinity of its livelihoods.

Modern research of microenvironment (family, school, at the place of residence, club, etc.) in its multifaceted influence on the development of the child are reflected in the works of Yu.S. Brodsky, L.P. Buva, N.V. Goltsova, R.G. Gurova, A.T. Kurakina, Yu.S. Manuilova, L.I. Novikova, V.I. Filonenko, N.D. Shurova et al.). So, V.I. Filonenko defines a microenstation as an element of the social environment as a whole, which includes specific conditions that directly affect the personality in the process of its practical activity (social conditions, socio-psychological climate, objective environment). Researchers note that the specificity of microenvas is directly interaction with the personality. The individual uniqueness of each person is largely the result of the impact of its microenvas. Microcredits is, on the one hand, one of the most important factors that accelerates or restraining the process of self-realization of the individual, on the other hand, the successful development of this process. Microsudes provides an individual for the formation and development based on learning and assimilation of values, norms, installations, samples of behavior inherent in this society. At the same time, under the influence of the creative activity of a person, it changes, transformed, and people themselves change during these transformations.

Structurally, a microenvironment can be represented by a set of its components: a children's educational team; The yard company of peers at the place of residence; microdistrict; microsudes of the educational institution; Family, etc., which simultaneously serve as socialization microbockets. All components of the threats can perform sources of threats.

For a schoolboy, microsudes are most often determined by the boundaries of the residence. Residence in the conditions of the city is represented by a microdistrict. The microdistrict is an administrative division unit, within the framework of which the activities of municipal bodies with the population of a particular residential array in all areas of social events in the field of cultural, medical, commercial services, housing and communal services, the construction of public education institutions, culture, sports and T . D. The structure of administrative neighborhoods, divided into polling stations, hosts elections to local and higher state authorities in our country. In other words, the microdistrict is part of the settlement with a more or less developed infrastructure of the life support of the population.

The microdistrict is divided into natural relatively closed sections with spontaneously established or purposefully created centers of the concentration of children and teenagers of the neighborhood in the free time for them. Such relatively closed micro phase or zones are the yard territories of large houses, individual microdistan objects, can adversely affect children (places of accumulation of immoral elements, outlets that violate the rules of trade in relation to children, etc.).

A specific feature of the microdistrict is the inclusion of almost all components of microenvas, and their interaction is often carried out within this microdistrict. At the same time, the development of both individual components of the microenvironment and the microdistrict itself are interdependent.

The microdistrict may represent a potentially or actually hazardous zone of social socialization. All its components are sources: natural environment, children's educational team, yard and courtyard company, educational institution, family, etc. At the same time, each of the components has obvious or hidden resources of the safe socialization of the child.

Due to the absence of sufficient experience, the pedagogical transformation of the microdistrict is needed to oppose the threats or neutralize their influence. Such a transformation can be carried out only on the basis of the knowledge of the components of the microdistrict, really or potentially protruding the sources of the threats of socialization, and the components of the microdistrict with potential and real ability to resist threats.

In the course of experimental work, we conducted a comprehensive examination of all components of the neighborhood as a microcersion of the life of the child of school age in order to detect real and potential threats to socialization. This article will present an analysis of the results of the study of one of the significant components of the microcers - families (on the example of the survey of the Familia of Cherepovets of the Vologda region) as the microchenitions of the socialization of the child.

In his study, we proceeded from the situation that the family is one of the basic institutions of the socialization of the child, affecting the entire future life. The main function of the family is educational, therefore even its insufficient implementation or impossibility of its implementation may be a threat to the socialization of the child. Failure to comply with the family of educational function characterizes this microenide as unfavorable.

We examined families with school children who are registered with the Cabinet of Medical Procurement Assistance to Child Polyclinic MBUZ "City Hospital No. 2". Registered consists of 428 families (the general population) living on the territory of the microdistricts 1, 8, 9, 10: 11% are prosperous, the dominant majority of -89% are disadvantaged. The systematization of the data allowed us to identify the categories of families on the dominant reasons of the disadvantage:

1) families, where the cause of such a person is infantionally parents;

2) families, where the cause of such a dysfunction is the ill-treatment of children;

3) families with disabled parents;

4) families in which parents abuse alcohol;

5) low-income families, i.e. families, where the average income level is lower than the subsistence minimum;

6) incomplete families.

The sample of an empirical study was 30 disadvantaged families with school children. The survey was carried out in the following indicators:

1) family type (complete, incomplete, large-style, etc.);

2) the number of children in the family and their age;

3) residence;

4) sanitary and hygienic conditions;

5) material conditions;

6) parental education;

7) Family Laying;

8) family resources.

As a result of the survey, they revealed that 50% of disadvantaged families are incomplete; 36% make up large families. 63% of families live in landscaped apartments, 33% have a room in a hostel.

The internal living conditions of families are very different. So, unsatisfactory sanitary-hydrical conditions are observed in families, in

parents are abused by alcohol, in 40% of families, where the cause of such a child's infantality is the cause of the parents, the unsanitary conditions of residence are revealed.

In 70% of the surveyed families, the secondary income level is lower than the subsistence level. There is a dominance of a low level of education of parents from all categories of familiar families: 50% of parents have 9 classes, 20% are less than 9 classes. Only 3% is secondary education, 24% - secondary special and 3% - higher. Parents are little interested and in the formation of their children, there is no connection between family and school, a pedagogically contradictory family is developing. However, there are also the positive characteristics of families that can and should be used as a resource for neutralizing the threats to the socialization of children in the family: the influence and participation of grandmothers in the raising of children, in one case there is a positive effect of the father; Family readiness, including grandparents, to interaction with social school teacher.

Families, where the main cause of the unfavorable is the ill-treatment of children, have 1 - 2 children. At the same time, favorable material and sanitary and hygienic conditions are noted. At the same time, pedagogically contradictory and unfavorable family structure, threatening the process of developing the child, was revealed. Opportunities capable of neutralizing socialization threats in these families is also the positive influence of grandmothers and readiness for interaction with specialists from various departments. From parents, there is a desire to change the situation and awareness of the upbringing errors.

In families, where the dominant cause of such a person is the disability of parents, a low material and sanitary and hygienic standard of living was revealed, a low level of parental education, unfavorable family-based way. The resource for reducing the threats to the socialization of children in these family is the help of relatives, the willingness of parents and children to interact with the social teacher, to assistance. In some families, there is a good performance of children in school, a lesson in the circles of additional education. In one family, the resource is a good level of education and a positive effect of the spouse.

In families, where the main cause of such a dysfunction is alcohol's abuse, unfavorable family structure has been identified, low incomes. Opportunities safe social

the lying in these families is the positive influence of older children, their concern for the younger. In some families, good school performance in school, their employment in the circles of additional education, such families visit the Sunday School, are ready to cooperate with specialists.

Low-income families have an average income level lower than the subsistence minimum, most of them are more familiar, but is mainly observed by the prosperous family structure. Therefore, and the resource reduction in the intensity of the hazards of socialization is the well-being in the family, readiness for interacting with the social teacher, awareness of the possibility of obtaining state social assistance and support.

In incomplete families, a pedagogically contradictory family structure was revealed, as a result of which the educational function was not well implemented along with the acceptable quality of the implementation of other functions. At the same time, these families are ready to interact with experts, there is a good successfulness of children in school, the possibility of help from older children, family awareness of state social assistance and support.

It can be concluded that all categories of unfavorable families have certain resources and opportunities to reduce or neutralize the threats of socialization. For the most families for most families are willingness to interact with specialists, in particular, with a social teacher. The resource of some families is the positive influence of senior schoolchildren's children on younger children.

Literature

1. Bueva, L.P. Social environment and personality consciousness / L.P. Bueva. - M., 1988.

2. Goltsova, N.V. Pedagogical Sociology / N.V. G Oltsova. - M., 2006.

3. Lodikina, T.V. Social pedagogy. Family and childhood protection / T.V. Boat. - M., 2008.

4. Mudrik, A.V. Social pedagogy / ed. V.A. Slayshenina / A.V. Mudrik. - M., 2000.

5. Ozhegov, S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. N.Yu. Swedio / S.I. Ozhegov. - M., 1973.

6. Social work: Dictionary-Directory / Ed. IN AND. Filonenko / Sost. E.P. Agapov, V.I. Akopov et al., 1998.

(several abstracts)

"At the beginning was the word." But it was a word, not distorted by a lie. From morning to evening we hear, read, pronounce words. But what words?!

Our time is the time of total blinking of facts, shortcoming, partial or complete pulling truth.

The attitude towards traditional values \u200b\u200bis changing. The truth is not only not like to love, they are frankly afraid, she does not want, "run" from it. And not wise - the truth disrupts the mask of hypocrisy with the physiognomy of modern society.

For the truth and the falsity of knowledge about the world is responsible, first of all, the media. The modern media of recent years is playing a dubious role.

They "reveal" people's heads like cans, unceremoniously fill them with their information "products", rebuilding consciousness to another way.

The leading political talk shows respond to the stupid anticipation of Western journalists and politicians, making from the political garbage to the topic of programs and discussing them with experts, injected by an unhealthy atmosphere. "Guests", which "heated degrees" show with slanderous anti-Russian speeches are constantly involved in the current show.

The famous TV presenter speaks from the TV screen about the problems and misconceptions of the world, demonstrates the film, and then sells books called "Great Secrets". What are these secrets? Apparently, the statement that climatic changes on the planet occur due to the fact that some incomprehensible energy stands out from the brain of excited people ("revolution" in Ukraine, "Arab Spring"). A certain "independent researcher" stated this in the program "The most shocking hypotheses". Or maybe "guess" that the weather "Mutyat" aliens (from there) ... or, the application of another "independent researcher" that it is already ready to become reasonable creatures, in particular, the raccoon ... oh, and fool Our brother! ..

And what they write in the newspapers, what can be seen and read on the Internet and in different magazines - it is better not to tell about it ... and how much in the whole lies!

The philosophy of the modern media reads: "There are no truths, there is interpretation of facts and events."

Compliance with objective truth, the adequacy of reality is not today the criterion that the media is guided in their activities.

The media actively participate in the formation of a new global phenomenon - false knowledge.

"The presence of artificially created false knowledge is a consequence of the following facts:

- Most knowledge of a modern person receives through learning, not personal experience;

- A modern man lives in an artificial environment whose properties depend on the will of people and do not have such a constancy and necessity, as the laws of nature;

- There is a focused

information impact on the consciousness of people in the conditions of this artificial environment.

In such conditions, it was possible to manipulate the consciousness of people, by the dissemination of false knowledge. False knowledge applies in most cases with mercenary purposes. "(Site Scientific Theory of Cognition - http: // Cognition-theory. com /)

Information disseminated by the media, in any case affects the consciousness of people. To determine where the manipulation of consciousness begins and where the inevitable impact of information on public consciousness ends is impossible. To resist the all-permissive influence, apparently units.

Information "indifferent" to the truth. But knowledge suggests the correspondence of reality, objective truth.

The conditions of modern life encourage the ignoring of truth. Interests are becoming a fetish of modern life: national interests, interests of the state, the interests of individual organizations, personalities. But in reality, the interests of the elites are carried out, more precisely, the world elite. It realizes its interests hidden, forming a favorable public opinion through the media.

If a lie brings profit, leads to the statement of power, those who are interested in obtaining these "benefits", lie. If hatred, murder, cruelty is responsible for someone's political interests, they will certainly encourage them.

Examples: Ukraine, Igil.

Unfortunately, the world is still ruled by practicality, cynicism, barely covering the nakedhira.

False knowledge creates in people's heads

inadequate picture of the world. The mass consciousness is introduced by the worldview "KICH". The culture of thinking loses even the intellectual elite.

We lose the ability to forgive, selflessly love. But we learn to scream, splash on other ears of negative emotions. More and more those who put egregious goals and climbs their heads to achieve them.

The Internet gave rise to another problem - bloggers master the minds of young people. Millions of young people are "sitting" in Youtube, watching videos of their idols. They live in another world. They are not interested in what I wrote above ...

The text is large therefore it is broken on the pages.

The reality is such that each society without exception is facing certain dangers that the world around him. They have different sources of origin, differ in nature and intensity, but they are united by the fact that in the case of their ignoring the consequences can be catastrophic. Even the most insignificant at first glance, the social threat can lead to a folk rebellion, armed conflicts and even to the disappearance of the country from the map of the Earth.

Definition of the concept of "Danger"

To understand what it is, it is necessary first to give a term definition. "Danger" is one of the fundamental categories of life safety science. In addition, it should be noted that most authors agree that threats along with the ways of protection against them are the subject of studying the same science.

According to S. I. Ozhegov, the danger is the possibility of the occurrence of something bad, any misfortune.

Such definition is very conditional and does not reveal all the complexity of the concept under consideration. For comprehensive analysis, it is necessary to give the term a deeper definition. Danger in a broad sense can be interpreted as real or potential phenomena, processes or events that can actually harm each individual individual, a certain group of people, the entire population of a particular country or the world community as a whole. This harm can be expressed as material damage, destruction of spiritual and moral values \u200b\u200band principles, degradation and involution of society.

The term "danger" does not need to be confused with the "threat". Despite the fact that these are related concepts, under the "threat" it is understood to be openly expressed by the idea of \u200b\u200bany face to harm physically or materially to another person or society as a whole. Thus, it is a danger that turns out of the probability stage into the stage of reality, that is, an already valid existing.

Object and confidence

Considering the dangers, it is necessary to take into account the interaction of their subject, on the one hand, and the object - on the other.

The subject is its carrier or source, as individuals, social medium, technical sphere, as well as nature.

Objects, in turn, are those on which the threat or danger (personality, social medium, the state, the world community) is applied).

It should be noted that a person can be simultaneously both the subject and the object of danger. Moreover, it is committed to security obligation. In other words, he is its "regulator".

Danger classification

Today there are about 150 names of potential hazards, and this is, according to some authors, not a complete list. In order to develop the most effective events that would prevent or at least reduce their negative consequences and a negative impact on a person, it is advisable to conduct their systematization. The classification of hazards is one of the central topics of the discussion of specialists. Nevertheless, numerous hot spores up to the present did not bring the expected results - the generally accepted classification was not possible to develop.

According to one of the most complete typology, there are the following types of hazards.

Depending on the nature of the origin:

• natural, due to natural phenomena and processes, relax feature, climatic conditions;
• environmental, due to any changes occurring in a natural environment that negatively affect its quality;
• anthropogenic, arising from the human activity and its immediate influence on the habitat through the use of various technical means;
• technogenic, arising in response to the production and economic activities of people at the facilities belonging to the technosphere.

Intensity distinguish:

• dangerous;
• very dangerous.

The scale of coverage is distinguished:

• local (within the specific location);
• regional (within a specific region);
• interregional (within several regions);
• global affecting the whole world.

Duration notes:

• periodic or temporary;
• permanent.

By perceiving by the human senses by the authorities:

• felt;
• not felt.

Depending on the number of people subject to danger:

• individual;
• group;
• mass.

What can be said about the classification of social hazards

Social hazards, or as they are also called public, are inhomogeneous in their nature. However, there is one feature that unites them all: they carry a threat to a huge number of people, even if at first glance, it seems that they are directed directly to a specific personality. For example, a person, taking drugs, is circumscribed on suffering not only herself, but also his relatives, loved ones and friends, forced to live in fear because of the "vice" of the disliked and beloved by them.

Threats are numerous, which determines the need for their ordering. There is no generally accepted classification today. At the same time, one of the most common typologies notes the following types of social hazards.

1. Economic - poverty, hyperinflation, unemployment, mass migration, etc.
2. Political - separatism, excessive manifestation of nationalism, chauvinism, the problem of national minorities, national conflicts, extremism, genocide, etc.
3. Demographic - growth in the huge pace of the population of the planet, illegal migration, which is currently terrifying, overcrowding in some countries, on the one hand, and extinct nations, on the other, the so-called social diseases that are related to, for example, tuberculosis and AIDS and Dr.
4. Family - alcoholism, homelessness, prostitution, domestic violence, drug addiction, etc.

Alternative classification of social hazards

They can be classified for a number of other principles.

By nature there are social dangers:

• influencing human psyche (cases of blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, etc.);
• relating to physical violence (cases of banditry, racetta, terror, unchesta, etc.);
• generated by storage, use and distribution of narcotic or other psychoactive substances (drugs, alcohol, tobacco products, prohibited smoking mixtures, etc.);
• arising mainly as a result of unprotected sexual acts (AIDS, venereal diseases, etc.).

By sex and age distinguish dangers characteristic of:

• children;
• adolescents;
• men / women;
• old people.

Depending on the preparation (organization):

• planned;
• involuntary.

Know the types of dangers important. This will allow you to take measures to prevent or quickly eliminate them.

Sources and causes of social hazards

Health and life of people can threaten not only natural dangers, but also social. It is necessary to pay attention to all types, since their ignoring can lead to deposits. The sources of danger accepted also to call the prerequisites, the main of which are various occurring in society and economic nature. These processes, in turn, are not spontaneous, but are due to the actions of a person, that is, his actions. Those or other actions depend on the level of intellectual development of a person, its prejudices, moral and moral values, whose combination ultimately determines and relyings its line of behavior in the family, a group and society. Incorrect behavior, and rather deviant, is a deviation from the norm and creates a real threat to others. Thus, it can be argued that the imperfection of human nature is one of the most important sources of social hazards.

Often the causes of social hazards, excitement developing into conflicts, lie in the need or lack of anything. These include, for example, a pathological lack of money, the lack of adequate conditions for living, lack of attention, respect and love from the side of loved ones and native people, the impossibility of self-realization, unrecognizable, constantly aggravating the problem of inequality in society, ignoring and unwillingness of the authorities to understand and solve complexity, With which the country's population is facing daily and so on.

Considering the causes of social threats, it is necessary to rely on the principle, according to which "everything has an impact on everything", that is, the sources of danger are all animate and inanimate, threatening people or nature in all its diversity.

Summarizing the foregoing, it can be concluded that the main sources of danger are:

• processes, as well as phenomena that have natural origins;
• elements that make up the maniogenous environment;
• acts and human actions.

The reasons due to which some objects suffer to a greater extent, and others do not suffer at all depend on the specific properties of these objects.

What is the social danger of crime?

The numbers demonstrating the annual crime growth in the world simply amazing the imagination and are involuntarily forced to think about the meaning of life. The victim of unlawful, violent actions can be every person, regardless of gender, age, racial affiliation and religion. Here more is about the case, and not about regularity. Realizing the seriousness of the situation and the responsibility that adults are responsible for the life and health of children, they are trying to explain to their children in the most detail, what is the social danger of crime, which can turn into negligence, or frivolity. Each child must be aware that the crime is a conscious act directed against one person or group of persons. It is socially dangerous, and the criminal who committed atrocities is obliged to incur corresponding punishment.

In a classical understanding of crime is the most dangerous manifestation of deviant behavior, which causes significant damage to society. Crime, in turn, is an act of encroachment to the law - these are not natural dangers. They do not arise due to natural phenomena, non-lubricant person, and consciously come from personality and are directed against it. The crime "blooms" in society, in which the poor segments of the population prevail, the vagrancy is distributed, the number of A drug addiction is growing, alcoholism and prostitution are not perceived by most of the society as something from a series of outgoing.

Main types of socially dangerous crimes

Crimes, undoubtedly, are serious social dangers. Notes the following most common crimes that have a negative environmental impact: terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape.

Terror - violence with the use of physical force up to death.

Fraud - a crime, the essence of which lies in the capture of foreign property by means of deception.

Robbery is a crime, the purpose of which is also the coverage of other people's property. However, in contrast to fraud, the robbery involves the use of violence dangerous to the health or life of people.

Blackmail is a crime that suggests the threat of exposure of any person in order to obtain various kinds of material or intangible benefits from it.

Rape - a crime that is a violent sexual act, during which the victim is in a helpless state.

Brief description of the main types of social hazards

Recall that social hazards include: drug addiction, alcoholism, venereal diseases, terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape, etc. Consider these threats to public order.

• Drug addiction is one of the strongest dependencies of man. The addiction to such substances is a serious disease, practically inappropriate treatment. Individual, eating drugs, in a state of intoxication does not give a report in its actions. His consciousness is blurred, and the movements are slow down. At the time of Euphoria, the line is erased between reality and sleep, the world seems beautiful, and the life of iris. The stronger it is a feeling, the faster is addictive. However, drugs are not cheap "pleasure." In search of funds for the purchase of another dose, the addict is capable of theft, extortion, robbery for the purpose of profit, and even the murder.
• Alcoholism is a disease that occurs due to addiction to alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic is characterized by gradual mental degradation, conjugate with the advent of a number of specific diseases. The peripheral and central nervous system is significantly affected. The alcoholic carries out on torment not only itself, but also his whole family.
• Venericual diseases - AIDS, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, etc. Their social danger lies in the fact that they spread with great speed and threaten health and life not only directly patients, but also humanity as a whole. Among other things, often patients hide from those around the truth regarding their health, irresponsibly enter into a sexual connection with them, thereby spreading an infection with a huge pace.

Social Danger Protection

In his everyday life, a person inevitably faces those or other threats. Today we are considering social dangers. BC, that is, protection from them is one of the most important functions of any state. Officials, other state figures are obliged to ensure the safety of the population, which delegated them to the right of government. Their direct responsibilities include developing and implementing measures, as well as preventive measures, the purpose of which is to prevent or eliminate various kinds of hazards. Practice has shown that ignoring or disregard for social threats leads to the fact that the situation in society is significantly aggravated, it becomes almost uncontrollable and passes with time to the extreme stage, acquires human dangers everywhere. Examples of the life of drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals should always remind us that we are responsible for what is happening around and is obliged to help as far as possible in need and disadvantaged. Only joint efforts can make the world better.

It affects its process, it resembles a shot of a moving target, which always falls into the goal. However, some cases of failed socialization may be more serious than others.

Some sociologists believe that there is a relationship between unsuccessful socialization and mental illness. Lennard and his colleagues revealed the connection between the methods of communication, which have developed in the family, and schizophrenia. They investigated two different ways of communications: external and internal. External communication involves relations with outsiders, as well as between parents and child. A conversation about the star of a television screen or family living in the neighborhood should be considered an example of external communication, internal communications concern the feelings, thoughts and mental experiences of parents and a child.

Domestic communications consist of statements and questions. For example, one of the parents says to the child: "You only go good when it is beneficial to you" or: "You will not get sick. Do not inspire yourself that you are sick. " Lennard has shown that in families where children are schizophrenia, the tendency is prevailing the inner, and not to external communication. He argues that such a type of education is accompanied by the invasion of parents into the personal life of their children, which prevents the development of their identity and the ability to control their feelings.

Con (1969) put forward a different explanation of the relationship between schizophrenia and socialization. Noting that schizophrenia is especially widespread among the low-class representatives, it suggested that it is due to the socialization mechanisms characteristic of this class. Children from the lowest class are more prone to obey other people, so they may have a simplified understanding of the authority and some other aspects of real life. And when the crisis is happening in their personal life, which cannot be overcome with the help of assimilated rules, they fall in spirit and turn out to be absolutely unable to withstand stress. The con approves that such symptoms of schizophrenia, as a simplified, rigid idea of \u200b\u200breality, fear and suspicion, the inability to put themselves in place of others are hypertrophied features prone to conform.

Smelzer said that the "failure" or "success" of socialization may depend on the methods used for its implementation. Sociologists have discovered that the methods used in the process of socialization affect the willingness of people to absorb generally accepted values. For example, the tendency of young people to resist or support establishment depends on how they regard help or control by parents. Teenagers (teenagers), who have a little help, abusing their authorities (first of all, it concerns fathers), often become non-conformists in religious issues, many of them seek to oppose their personal principles to the generally accepted values \u200b\u200bof society. Teenagers who realize that parents simultaneously support and control them, more inclined to adhere to traditional religious beliefs and strive to preserve the status quo.

So, socialization is a process by which the individual becomes a member of society, absorbing its norms and values, mastering those or other social roles. At the same time, the older generation transmits his younger knowledge, forms their skills necessary for independent life. So one generation replaces the other, ensuring the continuity of culture, including language, values, norms, customs, morality.

It was by means of systematic interaction with other people the individual formed their own beliefs, moral standards, habits - all that creates the uniqueness of the person. Thus, socialization has two functions: the transfer of culture from one generation to another and the development of its own Ya.

In order to show the importance of the continuity of the historical process, A.N. Leontiev appeals to the illustration, borrowed from the work of the famous French psychologist A. Pieron. "If our planet has suffered a catastrophe, as a result of which only small children would remain alive, and all the adult population died, although human race would not stop, but the history of mankind would inevitably be interrupted. The treasures of culture would continue to physically exist, but there would be no one to reveal to new generations. Machines would be inactive, books would remain unqualted, artworks would lose their aesthetic function. The history of mankind would have to start again. So, the movement of history is impossible without actively transferring new generations of achievements of human culture, without education. "