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Communal problems remain relevant at any time: in the heat and in the cold, on weekdays and holidays. And the editorial post of "Navigator" is superfluous.

"In our HOA, everything was fine until we put a public counter for hot, cold water and heating, - writes Nikolai Mikhailovich Samoilov, a resident of the village. OBGES. - If we get savings for cold water and heating, then for hot payments, up to 20% have grown compared to the previous ones. The people are outraged, and the board does not know what to do, and invents different options, how to deal with it. First, Introduced the Count in the payment "For a heated towel rail." Then the meeting decided that two future months pay to everyone equally. The overruns came out for these months. But the reason was not found. Now the situation was aggravated, since 40% of the tenants set apartment counters. Savings is 50-70%, and for living in summer at the cottage and all 100%.

At the moment, the decision of the Board is: at whom apartment counters pays up to 10% more to the actual water consumed, and the remaining amount is divided into the others. Others and others are indignant. Part of the tenants threatens not to pay for the overrun, and the other - no longer pays. What are there any ways to resolve this acute situation? "

Capacity of cold and hot water, thermal energy - the problem is quite common. There are also residents of high-rise houses, and managers. Practice shows that, even seeking to save water, the usual family consumes it much less than laid down in the standard (about 10.5 m 3 per person, of which 6.5 m 3 falls on cold water, the rest is on hot. The exact figure depends on the type of housing improvement). So why does the general one often fixes incredible numbers?

Turning to this question to several specialists in the field of housing and communal services, I never received a unambiguous answer. They were unanimous only that it was necessary to understand specifically with each case of "non-stalking" testimony of individual and general-owned meters or expressly pronounced water, thermal energy.

Hot water overrun can occur for several reasons. The first is a low waterscence of hot water supplied to the house. "Stipping" in the domestic pipes, it cools even more, and the inhabitants have to drain it to get more or less hot water. In this case, the overrun can be essential, but it would be noticeable on intra-quarter counters, which, judging by the letter of Nikolai Mikhailovich, is not observed.

The second reason is a large number of unregistered residents in apartments without counters. If one person is registered in the apartment, and live, let's say, four, it turns out that this family pays according to the standard one, and for the other three forced to pay neighbors, since the general counter regularly counterses all the "Cuba". And then at the General Meeting, these unscrupulous residents refuse to pay even their part of the recalculation, divided into all residents of the house, motivating that "they have everything inclusive."

You can deal with such a phenomenon in one way: by the decision of the general meeting of residents to force those who do not have individual water meters, pay water and estimates are not in the number of prescribed, but considering realistic. But the home of Nikolai Mikhailovich is also most likely, it does not apply - after all, there would be an overrun and cold water, too, which, judging by the letter, does not happen.

The third cause of a significant recalculation of hot water may be an incorrectly established accounting device. If the temperature is supplied to the house of hot water turns out to be too high (according to sanitary standards and rules SNIP 2.08-01-89 "Residential buildings" The temperature of the hot water should be not lower than +50 and not higher than +70 degrees yearly), it has to dilute with water from " Furning. " Dilution If necessary, occurs automatically, but behind this process "watches" a special sensor. And in the same place, on the "return", a sensor should be standing, taking into account the volume of water added to the "hot tube". If there is no such sensor or its testimony is not taken into account, then from the tenants will take and for the water that only acted, and for the submersions that falls into the cousior hot water supply system from the return.

In the case of HOA on the OBGES, the latest version seems most likely, but it remains only the assumption. To learn a real reason, it is necessary to invite specialists to the expertise who are engaged in the problems of water and heat supply. In Novosibirsk, such a survey can be carried out in the MUE "TERS" ("Thermal Energy Saving"). Phones of this enterprise: 276-02-63 , 276-21-56 ; E-mail:[Email Protected] , website: http://mupters.ru. .

Irina Tamirina

Talking about the Flood, a picture of the world radically changed during the time, the Bible gives us a lot of information about where the water came from and where it then disappeared.

The main source of water intake was the sources of the great abyss, which were first mentioned in the Book of Genesis 7:11 Before the "windows of heaven" opened. In the time of the flood, they acted for 150 days, while the rain was only forty days and nights, which indicates a limited amount of water over the atmosphere (heavenly windows).

These sources were obviously created during the period of creating the world to give Earth moisture. In the book of Genesis 2: 5.6 it is said that at first there was no rain on Earth, instead of this couple rose from the ground and irrigated the entire surface. The Hebrew analogue of the word "couples" means not only a couple or fog and the associated dew, as we could understand this phenomenon today, but also ordinary sources, such as geysers and springs. In addition, at that time there were four rivers, resulting from the Eden Gate, and, if there was no rain at that time, then such a spring could be the source of water, which was then raised in the form of rivers through the garden in four directions. The importance of these sources in the initially created world is again emphasized in the book of Revelation 14: 7, where it is said that the angel will preach the Eternal Gospel with the words "... bow to the sky and earth, and the sea and sources of water."

If the sources of the abyss, which operated during the first 150 days of the year, were the main source of water intake, then they had to have significant volumes. Some express the assumption that, when, on the third day of the creation of the world, God made a dutiful land from the water, some of her quantities, before the land covered, was collected under and inside the sushi. In any case, as it was said in the Holy Scripture on the outpouring of these sources at the time of the beginning of the flood, they "expound", which obviously implies the appearance of extensive cracks in the ground. Water that was under pressure under pressure in the thickness of the Earth, with force escaped to the surface, which led to catastrophic consequences. It will also be interesting here to note that in our days, volcanic emissions by 90 percent consist of water, often in the form of steam. Since there are many volcanic rocks between fossil plasters in the chronicles of fossils - the two floods - there are many volcanic rocks, it will give us every reason to assume that these sources of the great abyss could cause a whole series of volcanic eruptions that accompanied the emission of a huge amount of water On the surface of the earth.

Sky windows

As we know from the Bible, another source of water intake during the World Flood was opened celestial windows. We also know that rain was then lily continuously for 40 days and 40 nights, and the opening of these windows meant the beginning of the first on earth of the shower. As we have already noted, in the book of Genesis 2: 5 it is said that in the old times there was no rainy. The meaning of the report contained in the book is that before the flood, before the celestial windows opened and the rain was opened, there was never a shower on Earth. This could also be explained why Noah had been protected for a long time, and so few people believed him that it was necessary to go rain. Listening to the admonition of Noah, they had no idea what rain or a small flood, and therefore laughed at its warnings.

So, what was heavenly windows, and why wasn't it for so long on the land of rain in those long-standing times before the flood? In Chapter 1, Being Books say that on the second day of the creation of the world, God separated the water, which was over the firm, from the water he placed on the ground, when he put the heavenly arch (or atmosphere) between those waters. It was in this atmosphere that he placed the birds later, and we know that this is about the atmosphere we breathe.

This means that the water was above the atmosphere, and that, obviously, now it is not there. This cannot relate to the clouds because they are in the atmosphere and cause rain loss. Then there was also no rainbow. In the Book of Genesis 9: 8-17 it is said that God promised Noma that he would never again send a similar focus, which he sent immediately before that, and that he puts a rainbow on the sky as a sign of this covenant or promise. Characteristic detail: God said (verse 13): "I suppose my rainbow in the cloud", which can be viewed as a link to the fact that the clouds are needed to appear the rainbow. Clouds are formed from water droplets. When the sun's rays go through the water drops, the latter begin to act as a glass prism, "stratifying" the light on its components, and as a result of which we see the rainbow. The most remarkable moment of this agreement is that God created a kind of new phenomenon: then for the first time the rainbow appeared in the sky.

So, what did the water presented to the flood on top of the atmosphere? Many scientists believe that it was water in the form of a steam, which was supported by the atmosphere. The usually used term "steerling shell" assumes the presence of a certain cover from the water vapor, fully enveloped the earthly. It is difficult to imagine how liquid water could be supported by the atmosphere, but water vapor should have been much easier than liquid water.

Watering shell

Dr. Joseph Dillow calculated how much water steam could be physically held over the atmosphere in the form of a certain "cover" around the Earth. He suggested that we could talk about a water pair equivalent to the twelvethimeter (forty-fupping) layer of liquid water. It calculated that such a quantity of water would be enough to cause pouring rain for 40 days and 40 nights; However, if the water at the top of the clouds were in the form of a clouds, then the percentage of moisture in the current atmosphere (if it rooted on the ground in the form of rain) would be equivalent to less than a five-point meter (two-dimensional) layer of liquid water - this would hardly have enough to support Flood time is continuous, within 40 days and 40 nights, rain falling.

Based on the above facts it becomes clear that the reference to the "Heavenly" windows "is in some ways the destruction of this steam shell, which for some reason became unstable and hit the land in the form of rain, and this phenomenon It was described eyewitnesses as if the "Heavenly windows opened". Some scientists have suggested that when the sources of the Great Bensel were expressed (presumably, in the form of volcanic eruptions), the dust formed as a result of these processes could spread inside a steaming shell, mixed with water vapor, which probably led to the formation of water droplets, which then fell in the form of rain.

Many scientists consider "upper water" as water in the form of a steam, which was supported by the atmosphere.

There is another indirect proof of the existence of this carium shell on the eve of the Flood. A similar shell would have led to the establishment of a very soft climate on the planet in that period, since the land in this case was in a greenhouse, where, due to the cocoon effect, the heat of solar energy would have retained to a much greater extent than now. Therefore, scientists with a full basis talk about the existence in that period on the entire planet (including the CE Poles covered today with a thick layer of ice) of the greenhouse effect in combination with a soft subtropical climate. This circumstance would contribute to the brown growth of vegetation throughout the land. And the proof of this can be considered the discovery in Antarctica deposits of stone coal, containing traces of plants, which are not found in our poles, but which obviously grow in a warmer climate.

A similar lack of contrast temperatures between the poles and the equator would mean that at that time there were no major movements of air characteristic of today's world. Then we will see that the mountains on the eve of the flood were not so high. In the modern world, these powerful air flows and high mountain ranges play an extremely important role in the climatic cycle, which brings rains on the continent. However, before the flood, there was no need because of the other way of irrigation of the Earth.

When reading the first heads of the Book of Genesis, we also learn that the life of the first patriarchs was extremely long - on average about 900 years. Many consider this fact untrue, because the average age of the living people is only 70 years. However, another particular feature of the vapor shell was the protection of the inhabitants of the Earth from the penetration of adverse cosmic radiation, which can be influenced by the process of aging to a certain extent. Some experts believe that a higher atmospheric pressure inside such a shell may also help increase the life expectancy and people and animals. Air bubbles that are in amber pieces (fossil wood resin) revealed a 50 percent excess at their formation level of oxygen concentration compared with today's day. Thus, the fact that the Patriarch's Flood has lived to such an old age, can be considered one of the evidence in support of the existence of a steam joint.

There is nothing surprising in the fact that after the destruction during the Flood of the Watering Shell (after the "windows of heaven") was revealed by the life expectancy of people over time significantly decreased. The nearest descendants of Noah lived much less than 900 years, and for several generations, the life expectancy was reduced to 70 years - it is so much the average man lives on average.

There are other signs of existence to a steaming membrane flood, and they can also be considered confirming its existence of evidence. He who became interested in this problem and would like more complete information on it, he will be able to find it by reading the book of Dr. Joseph Dillow 1.

Where did the water disappeared?

So, the whole earth was covered with the waters of the Flood, and then the world was destroyed by the same waters, of which, according to the Word, the land originally arose (see Gen. 1: 9, 2 Pet. 3: 5,6). But where did the water gone?

There are several passages from the Bible where the water flood is identified with the current seas (in the books of the Prophet of Amos 9: 6 and Job 38: 8-11, the word "waves" is mentioned). If the water did not go anywhere, then why did the highest mountains remained covered with water, how was it in the time of Noah? The answer to this is contained in Psalm 104. After the water covered the mountains (verse 6), God forbade, and they left (verse 7), the mountains rose, and the valleys sank (verse 8), and God put the limit so that they are already We never could cover the land (verse 9). It's about the same waters!

Isaiah performs with a similar statement that no one will come to the ground (see IP, 54: 9). Clear what the Bible wants to pay our attention : God acted so to change the earthly relief. New continents with new mountain ranges of curved stone layers rose from the surrounding planet waters that blurred and equalized the landscape that existed before the flood, while extensive, deep ocean depressions were formed, ready to accept and place the flooding water from the continents.

That is why the oceans are so deep, and so why we need curved mountain ranges. In fact, if all the sushi space was aligned as a result of smoothing both plain and mountain surfaces with the bottom of the ocean, it would cover the whole ground with more than three-kilometer (two-minute) layer of water. Now it is clear that the waters of the World Flood are in the current ocean depressions. We should remember that almost 70 percent of the earth's surface is still covered with water.

How did it all happen?

If until the end of the Flood has risen all the mountains, and the valleys have dropped, then such geological movements would have to occur mainly in the vertical direction, which contrasts the theory of continental drift and tectonic plates proposed by most of the current geological scientists, according to which the horizontal movements defining are . In fact, we are talking about the mechanism of the vertical movement of the soil, in respect of which there is quite convincing indirect proof and several evidence of direct (see Appendix 1).

Could water might absorb Everest?

We have already said that the maximum depth of water flooding over the imaginary flat land could be approximately three kilometers (or two miles). But, for example, the height of Everest exceeds an eight-kilometer mark (it is more than five miles). How, in this case, the flood could cover all the high mountains that existed "under all the sky"? But we have already noted that the presence of high mountains was optional for rain falling in the world, which existed before the flood and that the current mountains were already formed after the flood as a result of the "pushing" mechanism considered by us. As a confirmation of the foregoing, it is possible to note the fact that those layers that form the vertices of Everest are themselves consisting of sedimentary reservoirs.

Everest: There was no such high mountains to the flood (the height of eight kilometers, or five miles).

This process of raising new continental masses from the water of the Flood could mean that in parallel with the lifting of the mountains and lowering the valleys of his water quickly glated with the newly appeared sushi. Such a rapid movement of large volumes of water could cause soil erosion, and in this regard it is not difficult to assume that it was accompanied by the rapid formation of numerous landscape anomalies, which in our time everywhere are found on Earth, such as a large canyon in the USA or Lyers Rock in the central part of Australia . (The current form of this monolith was the result of extensive erosion that followed the inclination and raising the horizontal layers of the sand under water.)

That is why we often have to see that the valleys of the current rivers are much higher in size what the river itself could create. In other words, the water flow that washing such large valleys of rivers would have to be larger in volume than the one that the current rivers. This is fully consistent with the version of the flow of tremendous mass of water when raising sushi after the end of the World Flood, which was completed by the rapid lowering of the plains and the formation of deep oceanic depressions.

Annex I.

Iostasia

If you do not take into account such concepts as the height above sea level and centrifugal force, then the Earth, obviously, should have the same weight everywhere. With the help of recently created extremely sensitive devices for measuring gravity, we can determine the weight of the Earth with exceptional accuracy. In the course of the experiments, the experiments were found that in different places the weight of the Earth was not the same, that is, it was about some hesitation of gravity. These differences seem to be caused by an unequal density of rocks that were directly under the measuring instruments, because We know that in general the earth should weigh the same everywhere. Therefore, these oscillations should be caused by various gravitational attraction of the rock at a particular point of the earth's crust.

Wooden blocks of different heights floating (their transverse cut in water tank) explains the idea of \u200b\u200bisostatic equilibrium adjacent to each other vertical formations in the earth's crust.

The term "isostasy" (which in Greater means "equilibrium") was proposed in 1889 by the American geologist of the Dutton to designate the ideal conditions of gravitational equilibrium, which regulates the height of the bottom of the continents and oceans, taking into account the density of the breeds underlying them.

This idea can be clarified using several different in the height of wooden blocks placed in water tank (see Figure). The blocks protrude above the water by magnitude proportional to their own height. In this case, it is customary to say that they are in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium. Isostasis is a similar state of equilibrium between extensive and different in height structures of the earth's crust, which perform on the surface in the form of a mountain range; Plateau, plains or bottom of the oceans.

Thus, it is believed that the irregularities of the earth's relief are compensated by the various density of the breeds under it. It is quite natural that separate peaks and valleys cannot be considered balanced, unless these minor features are detected due to the strength of solid rocks. Nevertheless, the term "isostasy" expresses the idea that any two equal areas of the land of the earth's crust, whether they are high or low, will always weigh the same. Consequently, where the earth's ground is thin, there the density of rocks should be greater, and where the globe is quite thick enough, the density of the rock should be less.

These ideas were confirmed by a number of different evidence. For example, the measurements of the gravitational field over the ocean gave the same results as the measurements carried out on the mainland. The only explanation of this fact can be considered that, in accordance with the theory of isostaste, the soil under the ocean is more dense than that that is on the mainland, as marine water is less dense than any solid breed. Together with the advent of technical capabilities for collecting samples from the bottom of the ocean and even for his drilling, we were convinced that the density of the soil placed there exceeds the average density of the mainland rocks.

Seismic studies of the internal structure of the Earth, conducted using X-rays, confirmed the version that under the ocean, the earth's crust is dense and thin, whereas on the mainland it is much thicker and consists of less dense breeds. In our time, the depth drilling of the earth's crust on the mainland also confirmed theoretical predictions on the thickness and density of the continental part of the earth's crust, which were composed on the basis of a number of indirect evidence. Therefore, it can be said that the earth bark is in a state of exemplary isostatic equilibrium.

If, as a result of erosion, part of the soil was carried away from the mainland, then they obviously became more "light" and had a tendency to raise (just as the boat released from their cargo).

The sedimentary breeds captured by erosion are mainly transferred mainly towards the sea, and therefore the zones of intensive deposits of rocks, such as the rivers delta, would have to become heavier and tended to decrease.

It is likely that such processes were observed at the time of the flood. The water covered "all the high mountains, which is under all the sky," therefore, erosion had to completely change the appearance of the Earth, which existed before the flood. In addition, the earth's crust was covered with numerous cracks for the release of sources of the great abyss, which, beyond doubt, was accompanied by volcanic eruptions and the appearance of fiery lava. Ultimately, an isostatic equilibrium that existed to the flood, apparently, was broken and, therefore, together with stabilization and waste under the flood, a desire to automatically establish a new isostatic equilibrium should appear. Perhaps we are talking about the same mechanism that could be responsible for the vertical movement of the earth's crust in the formation of the current relief and establish heights at the final stages of the Flood, as described in Psalm 104.

Notes:

For example, reptiles, drowning as a result of an unexpected flooding of 200 million years ago, to interpret the finds of fossil reptiles in Labok Kuorry, Texas. "Weekend Ostrain" for November 26-27, 1983, p. 32.

Dillow, J, 1981. THE WATERS ABOVE,Moody Press, Chicago.

Freshwater is not more than 2.5-3% of the total water reserve of the Earth. Its main mass is frozen in glaciers and snow cover Antarctica and Greenland. Another part is numerous fresh reservoirs: rivers and lakes. The third part of freshwater stocks is concentrated in underground tanks, deep and closer to the surface.

At the beginning of the new millennium, scientists seriously spoke about the shortage of drinking water in many countries of the world. Each resident of the Earth should spend on food and personal hygiene from 20 to the water per day. However, there are countries in which drinking water lacks even to support life. The inhabitants of Africa are experiencing an acute lack of water.

Cause First: increase in the population of the Earth and the development of new territories

According to the UN, for 2011, the population of the Earth increased to 7 billion people. The number of people will reach 9.6 billion by 2050. The growth of the population is accompanied by the development of industry and agriculture.

Enterprises use fresh water for all production needs, while returning into nature often already unsuitable for drinking water. She falls into rivers and lakes. The level of their pollution has recently become critical for the ecology of the planet.

The development of agriculture in Asia, India and China has exhausted the largest rivers of these regions. The development of new lands leads to the crime of water bodies and forces people to develop underground wells and deep-sea horizons.

Cause Second: Ethical use of fresh water sources

Most sources of natural fresh water are replenished naturally. The moisture falls into the rivers and lakes with atmospheric precipitation, some of which goes into underground tanks. Deep-sea horizons relate to irreplaceable reserves.

The barbaric use of clean fresh water by man deprives the river and the lake of the future. The rains do not have time to fill the crank reservoirs, and at the same time water is often wondering.

Part of the water used goes under the ground through leaks in urban water supply networks. Opening a crane in the kitchen or in the shower, people rarely think about how much water is lost. The habit of saving resources has not yet become relevant for most residents of the Earth.

The production of deep wells can also be a big mistake by depriving future generation of the main stocks of fresh natural water, and irreparably disrupt the environment of the planet.

The yield of modern scientists see in saving water resources, tightening the control of waste processing and the desalination of marine saline water. If humanity is now thinking and take action on time, our planet will forever remain an excellent source of moisture for all the types of life on it.

 


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