Everyone knows and understands the traditional types of gymnastics, consisting of various exercises for the arms, legs, and back. We train them to develop gross motor skills so that the muscles become stronger and the body more agile and faster.

Why is it necessary to train the tongue, because it has no bones? It is this organ that is the main one for our speech, so it also needs special exercises. The development and strengthening of his muscles allows him to accurately and clearly pronounce all words and sounds, making speech more clear and understandable.

Articulation gymnastics - what is it?

Articulatory gymnastics is a set of exercises for the development of the articulation apparatus - increasing the mobility and development of motor skills of the lips, tongue, cheeks, frenulum, which is required for the correct reproduction of sounds. The purpose of articulatory gymnastics is to work out the movements of all the organs listed above and bring them to the required positions to automatism.

For good diction and pronunciation, a child needs strong lips and a tongue that easily changes its position. It is to achieve this that it is necessary to engage in articulation gymnastics with him, performing special exercises and playing speech therapy games.

Often, speech defects and insufficiently clear diction become an obstacle to the child's full communication with peers, which negatively affects his psycho-emotional state. You can reduce the likelihood of such problems in children with the help of articulatory gymnastics, which should be started as early as possible. For children aged 2-4 years, it will help them learn to pronounce all sounds correctly, at 5-7 years old it will correct and reduce speech defects.

You can do gymnastics for the tongue with a speech therapist or at home in front of a mirror

Who should take care of the baby?

You can do articulatory gymnastics with your child on your own, however, you should periodically be examined by a speech therapist, starting from 1.5 - 2 years (see also:). By the age of 4, it is already quite clearly visible what sounds the baby has problems with pronouncing. It happens that at the age of five they go away by themselves, but only a specialist can correctly assess the development of a child’s speech and determine how age-appropriate it is (more details in the article:). It is he who should deal with the correction of the pronunciation of the baby if there are problems. Based on individual characteristics, the doctor will prescribe a special set of exercises, explain how to perform them correctly and demonstrate this by his own example.

Almost every kindergarten has a speech therapist, so they also do articulation gymnastics with the kids. He not only conducts regular examinations, but also, starting from the age of 5, is engaged in the elimination of defects, conducting lessons for the development of speech. However, these classes are often not enough, in the presence of pronounced problems, it will be required to regularly perform all the necessary exercises at home.

Exercises should be started in front of a mirror - so the child can observe the movements of the lips and tongue. Unlike adults, in which all movements are performed automatically, the baby needs a visual display of all his actions during classes in order to develop the necessary skills.

Adults, pronouncing sounds, do it without thinking about the setting of the tongue, the position of the lips, or breathing. For a child who is just learning their correct pronunciation, all these moments seem rather difficult and obscure. Lips and tongue obey him with great difficulty, constantly trying to take a more comfortable, but not always correct position.

You can make classes easier and more interesting for the child by turning boring and incomprehensible exercises into fun games and stories about the adventures of the language, accompanying them with poems and riddles. Invite him to imagine that his tongue lives in his house (mouth), where he hides behind a high fence (teeth). He goes to bed, looks out the window, goes for a walk, turns into a kitten or a horse, rides a steamboat - so you can imagine any exercise as an exciting game and a whole story about his life.

It is very difficult to overestimate the importance of articulatory gymnastics for kids. It is comparable to the role of morning exercises and has a similar effect on the muscles of the face - it strengthens them, improves blood circulation in them, develops mobility and flexibility. Consolidating existing skills and acquiring new ones will allow the daily implementation of the recommended complex, devoting 5 minutes to classes several times a day and repeating each exercise 4 to 8 times.

It is possible that some of the exercises can cause difficulties even for you. In this case, do them together with the child, not embarrassed to admit to him your difficulties. Be patient, and stay calm - and at some point you will succeed. Pictures depicting each articulation exercise or special speech therapy training videos can help you achieve it.

Exercises and games

Playing with the tongue is one of the first classes of articulatory gymnastics. Parents need to read the text of the fairy tale about the tongue and show the necessary movements. First, the child repeats them, the next time he shows them himself.

Below are examples of exercises with brief instructions included in the main complex for the development of articulatory motor skills in children of primary preschool age. All tasks should be performed 4 - 8 times, dynamic - doing 2 - 6 repetitions, for static - linger in the specified position for 3 - 5 seconds. Before each repetition, give the child a little time to rest and relax the muscles of the face and tongue.

Universal complex

• “Delicious honey” - we make the following movements - we open our mouth and draw a pointed tongue along the upper lip, first in one direction, then in the other direction. During execution, we control the chin - it must remain static.
• "Needle" - we open our mouth and stick out a tense tongue, trying to give it a pointed shape. We fix the position for a few seconds.
• “Swing” - to perform, we open our mouth wide and place a calm tongue on the lower lip, then we raise it to the top, then we lower it down.
• “Kitten laps milk” - open your mouth and stick out your tongue, then make a few lapping movements.
• "Shovel" - to perform this exercise, you need to open your mouth and place a relaxed tongue on your lower lip. We linger in this position for a while.
• "Pendulum" - we open our mouth and stretch our lips in a smile, after which we stick out a pointed tongue and touch its tip alternately to the corners of the lips. During execution, we control the position of the chin - it should remain static, and the tongue - it should not slide over the lips.
• “Bridge” - we open our mouth and rest from the inside with the tip of the tongue against the teeth from below. We fix the position and slowly close the mouth without relaxing the tongue.
• "Window" - slowly open your mouth, and then close it.
• “Nutlet” - without opening your mouth, we alternately rest with a tense tongue against the walls of the cheeks.
• "Smile" - is done as follows: the corners of the lips are stretched in a smile, so that the teeth become visible, and then smoothly return to their original position.
• "Proboscis" - we stretch our lips forward, as if we want to kiss someone, hold them in this position, then slowly return them to their original position.
• "Hamster" - closing your mouth, puff out your cheeks and linger in this position.
• "Cup" - we open our mouth, then we place a soft tongue on the lower lip, bend its sides up and slowly raise it in this state to the upper arch.

Learning the sounds "s", "ss", "s", "z"

With the correct pronunciation of these sounds, the lips need to be slightly stretched in a smile, so that the teeth are slightly visible, and the tongue rests on the teeth in front, while touching the chewing edges. With this position, a groove is formed along the tongue, when passing through which the inhaled air forms a whistling noise. You can feel its movement by bringing your hand to your mouth. The following exercises will help improve articulation and learn the correct pronunciation of these sounds:

• “Whistles” - we stretch our lips in a smile, hide our tongue from below behind our teeth and try to whistle.
• “Blowing cotton from the palm of your hand” - we stretch our lips in a smile and place a calm tongue on the lower lip, sticking it out slightly. We take a breath and exhale the air, as if we are trying to blow something away.

Correct pronunciation of the sounds "sh", "g"

When pronouncing hissing sounds, the mouth should be kept slightly open, the lips should be rounded, and the end of the tongue should be raised to the upper arch, touching it with the edges of the chewing teeth from above. In this position, a small bowl-shaped notch appears under the tongue, through which air passes as you exhale. You can feel its movement by bringing your hand to your mouth.

In parallel with the training of the articulatory apparatus, it is necessary to work with the child to identify various hissing and whistling sounds by ear. This can be done in a playful way - for example, an adult pronounces a particular sound, after which he begins to pronounce various words. Hearing a word with a hidden sound, the baby must show it to an adult - for example, with a clap. The following exercises will help you learn how to pronounce these sounds correctly:

• “Delicious jam” - open your mouth, stretch your lips in a smile and run your tongue 2-3 times over your upper lip, licking it.
• “Blow the cotton from the spout” - put a little cotton on the tip of the tongue. We put it in a “cup”, lift the cotton wool up with it, and blow it off as we exhale.
• “We put the tongue to sleep” - we have a wide, relaxed tongue on the lower lip.

Learning the sounds "h", "u"

The development of these sounds can begin only when the child has learned to pronounce deaf hissing sounds. The following exercises are suitable for this:

• “The chick is calling mom” - slightly open your mouth and place a relaxed tongue on your lower lip. We pronounce the sound “pya-pya-pya”, touching the tongue with our lips.
• Holding a wide relaxed tongue - open your mouth and maintain the position for 10 seconds.

When exercising, it is important to keep the tongue and lips relaxed and carefully control the breath, not allowing it to be delayed. We repeat each exercise 3-6 times.

Learning the sounds "l" and "l"

• "Malyar" - slightly open your mouth and stretch your lips in a smile and drive with a tense tongue along the upper arch.
• “The steamer is buzzing” - open your mouth and stretch your lips, as if smiling. We clamp the tip of the tongue with our teeth, exhale and say “s-s-s” - if done correctly, you will hear a sound resembling “l”.
• “Inflate the cheeks” - we clamp the tip of the tongue with our teeth and exhale the air, puffing out our cheeks. If the exercise is performed correctly, then the air should calmly flow around the tongue.

The correct pronunciation of the sound "r"

The pronunciation of this sound most often causes difficulties, because it is tremulous and anterior lingual. Many parents themselves do not always distinguish it from a similar vibrational throat sound. The following exercises will help you develop its exact pronunciation:

• "Horse" - opening your mouth, we click your tongue.
• "Mushroom" - open your mouth and glue your tongue to the upper palate, so as to feel the tightness of the frenulum. Fix the position and keep it as long as possible.
• "Drum" - open your mouth and stretch your lips in a smile. Keeping the position, hit the top of the teeth with the tip of the tongue, pronouncing "d-d-d-d". When you bring your hand to your mouth, you can feel the air coming out in jolts. During execution, it is important to control that the mouth is constantly open, and the tongue does not touch the lower teeth.

30 best exercises for the development of diction according to a speech therapist

What is articulation gymnastics

Children of the first years of life very often distort sounds that are difficult to pronounce, because their speech organs are still developing. There are practically no babies that are perfectly clear.

For a clear pronunciation of sounds, correct articulatory motility is necessary, that is, the coordinated activity of the organs of the speech apparatus. If there are any problems in articulatory motor skills, they will always be reflected in sound pronunciation.

When talking, we use about a hundred muscles, including the muscles of the neck, chest, face, tongue, soft palate. To control all these muscles, many more neurons are used than when walking and running. Articulatory gymnastics is aimed at those organs in which there are muscles: tongue, lips (circular muscle of the mouth), facial muscles. But first of all it is intended for the language. The tongue is the main organ of speech, and the development and strengthening of its muscles will help to pronounce all sounds more accurately and clearly.

Types of articulation gymnastics

Such gymnastics is active and passive. Most often, when talking about articulatory gymnastics, they mean it active form: one that the child performs on his own. It is suitable in cases where articulatory motility is not impaired, but simply needs to be improved and practiced for individual movements.

But there are also more serious situations, such as dysarthria, when the pronunciation side of speech is impaired as a result of damage to the nervous system, and the mobility of the speech organs is limited. In this case, it is extremely difficult or impossible for children to perform such gymnastics on their own. After all, their speech organs are not ready for this.

Used here passive gymnastics: an adult with his own hands or with the help of devices - probes, spatulas, brushes - performs the movements and postures that we would like to receive. For example, very often children with motor disorders cannot lift their tongue up. Naturally, in this case, they cannot clearly pronounce the sounds that require this movement. And it is unlikely to disappear by itself, serious work is needed on this.

I would also like to dwell on such a problem as a short hyoid frenulum. It can also be the cause of limited tongue mobility. It can be stretched a little through exercises, but if it is too short, then to normalize the sound pronunciation, it remains only to cut it.

What gymnastics does your child need

Conduct this test: ask the child to show the tongue. Pay attention to the following signs:

the child cannot stick out and fix the tongue on request,

can stick it out only partially and quickly pulls it back,

cannot lift it up or shake it from side to side,

when the tongue is raised, the lower jaw rises with it,

protruding tongue begins to tremble or deviate to the side,

there is profuse salivation,

the child does not clearly pronounce several groups of sounds at once (hissing, whistling, sonorous),

the pronunciation of not only consonants, but also vowels is impaired (the pronunciation is averaged, there is no clear difference between the sounds).

If several of the listed signs are observed, then, most likely, the child, in addition to consulting a specialist, needs passive gymnastics and speech therapy massage. In the complex, they will prepare the baby's speech apparatus for active articulatory gymnastics, make it possible to produce sounds.

It is better to learn about passive gymnastics techniques during the consultation. The fact is that violations can be different, there are no universal exercises that would suit everyone. Only a specialist can explain which methods will be most effective in each case.

General principles of articulation gymnastics

Regularity. This means that five minutes of daily exercise will be more beneficial than one hour of gymnastics once a week.

game form. Articulation gymnastics can be not only useful, but also for the baby.

visibility. The more analyzers (vision, hearing, touch) are connected when performing exercises, the more effective gymnastics is. How to achieve visibility? You can use a mirror in which the child will see his reflection. The adult himself, sitting opposite the baby, can act as a model for performing movements. Use pictures, videos with other children doing this gymnastics. Find out by experience what suits your child more, what motivates him more.

Convenience. Gymnastics should be done in a comfortable position: the back is relaxed, the hands lie calmly, the head has support. The child should be comfortable.

Gradual complication. Try the lightest exercises first, gradually. Each time, enter no more than one new exercise, and only if all the previous ones have already been worked out well.

Expediency. If the child copes with all the exercises very easily, it is worth considering whether he needs this gymnastics at all. After all, the main task of these exercises is to learn how to do what is not very good at the moment.

Correct attitude. It should not be considered as a panacea, it is just one of the methods.

Gymnastics techniques

These exercises of active gymnastics, aimed at statics or dynamics, you can easily master yourself. Each pose is held for 5-7 seconds, repeated several times.

"Pipe". Lips should be folded into a tube and stretched forward as much as possible.

"Fence". We explain that you need to smile in such a way as to show your teeth.

Exercise Alternation "pipe" and "Fence".

"Rabbit". It is necessary to lift the upper lip to slightly open the incisors.

"Evil Horse". It is necessary to depict the snorting of a horse. Forcefully exhale air through the mouth without opening it. At the same time, the lips will begin to vibrate.

"Piglet". It is necessary to stretch the lips with a tube, and then with closed lips rotate in a circle in different directions.

"Horse". The child should click his tongue, voicing the clatter of hooves.

"Fungus". The tongue is tightly applied (attached to the sky) and held in this position.

"Harmonic". Keeping the tongue in the "fungus" position, you need to open / close your mouth several times.

"Pop the ball." The cheeks puff up, then the child should lightly hit them so that the air comes out.

"Hamster". First, both cheeks are inflated, then the right and left alternately.

"Needle". The narrow tongue protrudes as far as possible.

"Watch". Open your mouth and alternately touch the left and right corners of your mouth with the tip of your tongue.

"Cup". With your mouth wide open, you need to hold the tongue at the top.

"Focus". Raise the tongue to the "cup" position and gently blow on the tip of the nose. You can put a piece of cotton on the tip of your nose.

"Delicious jam" The upper lip is licked with a wide tongue (you can lick real jam).

"Painter". We draw the tongue across the sky in the direction from front to back (from the teeth to the throat). You can tell the child that the tongue is a paint brush that paints the sky.

"Brushing teeth". The tip of the tongue should be drawn along the upper, and then along the lower teeth from one edge to the other.

"Monkey". Open your mouth slightly and place your tongue between your lower lip and lower teeth. The lips are close together.

"Bulldog". From the “monkey” position, move the tongue to a position between the upper lip and upper teeth. Lips close.

"Circle". The mouth is closed. The tongue moves from the inside, smoothly outlining a circle with the tip of the tongue.

"Sail". The end of the tongue rests on the upper teeth and is held in this position.

"Swing". The mouth opens, and the tongue alternately rises up and falls down.

"Drummer". Smile, open your mouth, put the tongue behind your upper teeth, loudly, distinctly, repeat many times: “D-D-D-”. Gradually speed up the pace, do not bring the teeth together.

"Knead the dough." The tongue rests on the lower lip (as in the “scapula”), while the mouth opens and closes, the lips slap on the tongue.

"Let's bite the tongue." Smile, open your mouth, bite the tip and center of the tongue.

"Where's the candy?" It is necessary to close the mouth tightly, with the tip of the tongue pressing on one or the other cheek from the inside.

"Turkey" ("Chatterbox"). Smile, show teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue on the upper lip and make quick movements with the tip of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, trying not to tear the tongue from the upper lip.

"Steamboat hums." Smiling, you need to bite your tongue and pronounce “s” for a long time.

Do these exercises regularly, but without making them a chore for the child, and you will definitely see progress! And don't forget about others.

Articulatory gymnastics is one of the components of the combined therapy for speech development disorders. Its prerequisite is the complete completion of the course, fixing the results after a certain period of time, classes with a correctional teacher and at home. Sessions are held daily until a stable therapeutic result is achieved.

Tasks of articulation gymnastics:

• improvement of blood supply, innervation of the speech apparatus;
• increase in the mobility of the organs of speech;
• muscle strengthening;
• learning to fix in a certain position;
• reducing tension;
• increase in range of motion.

Fundamentals of Therapy

The duration of treatment is always individual: setting the pronunciation of sounds can take 1-6 months. In the course of performing exercises with a speech therapist, several rules must be observed:

• gradually complicate the task;
• conduct classes for children in a playful way;
• avoid overwork during the session;
• use the mirror as the main subject of processing information.

The purpose of articulatory gymnastics in speech therapy is to bring to automatism the performance of exercises on the pronunciation of phonemes. At the first lesson, the teacher will talk about the purpose and technique of performing a particular exercise. Then he will demonstrate the correct articulation of the sound, explaining what points you need to pay special attention to. If the child finds it difficult to perform this exercise, the speech therapist can use a spatula or probe. It is very important that the movements are accurate and correct, symmetrical, smooth and in sufficient volume.

Children respond differently to speech therapy correction - it depends both on the diagnosis and the degree of manifestation of disorders, and on the emotional state of the child.

After the session, the task must be fixed at home. Articulation is considered to be mastered successfully if it is performed without errors and does not require visual control.

How to learn how to pronounce hissing sounds correctly

Problems with pronunciation arise due to the rapid change in the position of the organs of the articulatory apparatus during the conversation. In order for the sounds to be legible and clear, the specialist must eliminate muscle spasm and increase the mobility of the speech organs, as well as adjust the coordination of actions.

To make hissing sounds, the tongue must be bent in the shape of a cup, and this is the name of the exercise suitable for this. Problems with the reproduction of phonemes arise if it is round and flattened. As a result of this error, air exits the oral cavity through the cheeks, and not through the gap between the teeth. The exercise is simple to perform, but requires the flexibility of the muscles and compliance with the direction of the exit of the air stream from the oral cavity.

Execution technique

Exercise "cup" is based on the relaxation of certain parts of the tongue. To increase its effectiveness, speech therapy massage is done in parallel. First, the child is given the task of performing it technically correctly, bending the tongue up. Then the count is connected to 3, 5 and 10. There should be no jitter, chaotic movements. The cup exercise is designed to strengthen the muscles of the tongue and produce hissing sounds.

Description of actions:

1. Sit the child in a chair in a comfortable position.
2. Give him a mirror, while the specialist is opposite.
3. Ask the baby to open his mouth wide and stretch his lips.
4. After relaxing them, put the tongue on the lower lip (it should be as soft as possible).
5. Try to form a cup out of it with raised side walls. For a better understanding, you need to visually demonstrate on yourself.

Please note that the front edge of the tongue should be even.

Frequently occurring difficulties

A common mistake is that both the lip and jaw are pulled behind the tongue. If the child is too small and does not understand how to do this, a hole is made in the middle of the tongue by pressing with the finger of the hand. This will cause a reflex bending of it. If the difficulties are not stopped in this way, then you need to train the muscles with the help of massage.

When doing it yourself, try to develop the tongue carefully, without damaging the mucous membrane. Before starting self-massage, you need to disinfect the surface of the hands, take the mucous membrane only through a handkerchief or a dry napkin.

Self-massage techniques include smacking the lips, combing the tongue, biting left and right. For better memorization, you need to alternate the positions of the organ, making it alternately narrow and wide. It is necessary that the baby remembers his feelings when the tongue is relaxed and wide.

You can also perform the “hugging” lesson: with a wide tongue, gently grab the upper lip, hug the teeth in the same way. Make sure that the exercise is done not with the tip, but with the entire base of the organ. After receiving a positive result, they return to the “cup”.

In speech therapy, the role of articulatory gymnastics is quite large, however, with the unfair implementation of the recommendations of a specialist, it is impossible to achieve positive results. This method of correcting speech disorders is not the main one; an integrated approach to solving the problem is required.

FROM WORK EXPERIENCE.

COMPLEX OF ARTICULATION EXERCISES.

Exercise number 1. "Smile" (Frog)

Target: develop the ability to keep your lips in a smile for a few seconds.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed, the lips are closed.

At the expense of "one" smile, do not bare your teeth. Hold the lips in this position under the count from 1 to 10. Then return the lips to their original position and hold the count from 1 to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.

Ask the child to stretch their lips into a smile, while the incisors should be exposed (visible), that is, the smile should be wide.

Frogs will like this - Our lips smiled

Lips pull straight to the ears! Straight to the ears stretched.

smiling puppy,You try "iii" say

teeth for show Show me your fence!

I could do the samePull lips straight to ears

Here look. Now. Frogs like it very much.

Smiling, laughing,
And their eyes are like saucers.

The wide Neva is a river,
And the smile is wide.
All my teeth are visible -
From the edges to the gums.

Turned us into frogs

We reached for the ears.

Stretched out, smiled

And then they returned home.

When performing the exercise, it is necessary to ensure that the head is kept straight, when smiling, the lips should be closed, but not tense. Teeth should not be exposed. Movements with the hand or hands should be performed simultaneously with the articulation exercise.

Exercise number 2 "Tube"

Target:

Description of the exercise: In order to make a "tube" you need to stretch your lips forward into a tube. Please note - when switching, there should be no movements of the lower jaw. Only the lips move!

Verses for the second movement of the articulation exercise:

Let's put our lips on the pipe, Elephant will like it

And we can even play it. I pull my lips with my trunk!

Doo-doo-doo.

An elephant came to visit us -
Amazing child.
Look at the elephant
Pull your lips with your trunk!

I imitate an elephant - I pull my lips with a trunk.
And now I release them and return them to their place.

If our lips smile
Look - the fence appears.
Well, if the lips are a narrow tube,
So we can play the flute.

Door lips are flexible.
They can become a smile.
Can be assembled into a tube
Then smile again. (Author - T.A. Kulikovskaya)

Our lips are very flexible.
Deftly drawn into smiles.
And now vice versa:
Lips stretch forward (Author - T.A. Kulikovskaya)

Exercise number 3. "Open and close the door."

Target:

How to do the exercise:

First movement: Teeth should be closed, lips in a smile. The incisors are exposed (big smile). "The door is closed."

Second movement: Teeth open(about two centimeters), lips in a smile, incisors are bare. "The door is open."

Movements in the articulatory exercise alternate: there is either closing or opening of the teeth. The lower jaw moves. In this case, the lips should not participate in the movements. The lower jaw should not move forward.

“We will open the doors together,
And then we'll close them."

Another variant of the game content of this exercise is “Cold - hot”. We open the window when we are hot. And close the window when it's cold.

I will open my mouth a little, I will make my lips “Window”.

Teeth are side by side

And they look out the window.

Exercise number 4. "Watch"

Purpose: to achieve good mobility of the tongue.

First, we do the “Smile” exercise: the teeth are open by about two centimeters, the lips are in a smile, the incisors are bare.

Then ask the child to stick out his tongue and turn to the right corner of his mouth. Then do the same movement, but to the left corner of the mouth.

It is necessary to alternate the movements of the tongue to the right and left. At the same time, the lips are in a smile, the lower jaw should not move to the right or left, but must be motionless!

"Tick tock, tick tock!"

The clock is ticking - that's it!

Left tick,

Right so.

The clock is ticking - that's it!

Poems about the Merry tongue for articulation exercises.

Rested and stretched

Turned left, turned right

Like this, like this:

Tick-tock, tick-tock.

Language is like a clock pendulum
Ready to rock again and again.
kitten smiles,
He tries just like you.

Exercise number 5. "Shovel"

Target: develop the ability to keep the tongue in a free, relaxed position, lying on the lower lip.

Put a wide relaxed tongue on the lower lip. Lips in a smile, incisors exposed, mouth open.

How to do the articulation exercise:

"Let our tongue rest,
Let him take a nap."

Tongue wide, smooth

It turns out "shovel"

The dog is tired and breathes tiredly.
She didn't even run after the cat.
A wide tongue will rest, lie down,
And again the dog runs after the cat.

I smile: here is a joker -
The language has become narrow.
Between the teeth, like a knot,
A long tongue came out.

Exercise number 6 "Needle"

Target: learn to make the tongue narrow and hold it in that position.

How to do the articulation exercise:

Movement 1. Put a wide relaxed tongue on the lower lip. Lips in a smile, incisors exposed, mouth open.

Movement 2. Ask the child to stick a narrow tongue between the incisors, lips in a smile, incisors exposed, mouth open.
It turned out "Needle".

I pull my tongue with a needle!

Don't come! I'll prick!

The alternation of these two movements and switching the position of the tongue from wide to narrow. At the same time, the mouth is open, the lips do not move.

That is a needle, that is a shovel
You guys have tongue. (T.A. Kulikovskaya)

The tongue lies with a spatula
And it doesn't tremble at all.
We are a needle then
Let's pull the tongue with a point.

The bird has a very pointed beak.
And thin, sharp, like a needle.
Take a look at the next page:
My tongue is like a bird's beak.

Exercise number 7 "Swing"

Goal: to learn make the tongue narrow and hold it in that position.

How to do the articulation exercise:

Movement 1. Raise the wide tip of the tongue to the tubercles behind the upper teeth (to the alveoli), the lips are in a smile, the incisors are exposed, the mouth is open.

Movement 2. Ask the child to lower the wide tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth, lips in a smile, incisors exposed, mouth open.

In the exercise, you need to alternate the movements of the wide tip of the tongue up and down.

Verses for the articulation exercise:

Ah, the swing! Ah, the swing!

Caught, flew

Ripped off the ground

Taken straight to the sky!

Capture the spirit

The heart freezes

Up - wow! Down - wow!

Everything flashes in the eyes!

I'm flying! I'm flying!

And I scream, and I laugh!

Stronger swing yus,

I'll fly straight to the sky.

On a swing I'm flying:
Up - down, up - down.
I sing, I fly, I scream:
Up - down, up - down.

On the swing
I'm swinging
Up down,
Up down,
And I rise higher
And then I fly down.

On the swing I rode: Above the oak, above the spruce

We took off on the swings. It flew up and went down.
Tell me, would you be able to
Tongue "swing swing"?

Exercise number 8 "Kitty" (Slide)

Purpose: to learn to hold the tongue in the position necessary for the pronunciation of whistling sounds. Develop the muscles of the tongue, strengthen the tip of the tongue.

How to do the articulation exercise:

Movement 1. Lips in a smile, teeth are bared, mouth is open. It is necessary to bring the wide tip of the tongue closer to the lower incisors.

Movement 2. Move the tip of the tongue along the bottom of the mouth back deep into the mouth to the hyoid ligament. In this case, the back of the back of the tongue should be curved upwards.

In the exercise, you need to alternate the movements of the tongue back and forth. At the same time, the lips are in a smile, the incisors are exposed, the lower jaw does not move.

Poems for articulation exercise

On the bench by the window

The cat lay down and dozes.

The cat opens its eyes

The cat arches its back.

Our kitty got angry:
She forgot to wash the bowl.
You don't get close to her
The pussy can scratch!

You can also do a variant of the exercise - "Slide" and hold the position of the back of the back of the tongue at the top on the count.

Slide. Sled. Well it's time

Rush down. Hooray! Hooray!

Down the hill, whistling in the ears,

Only snow in the face flies.

The tongue falls behind the teeth,
Its tip is pressed against the teeth.
The back is very, very arched,
Here is what a slide turns out! (Smirnova E.B.)

The back of the tongue now
It will become a mountain for us.
Come on, slide, get up!
We're going down the hill!

Exercise number 9 "Hippo"

Purpose: to learn how to smoothly open and close the mouth, relax the muscles of the tongue, keep the lips and tongue in a given position.

Description of the articulation exercise.

At the expense of "one" open your mouth to a distance of 2 - 3 fingers wide, while the tongue should lie freely in the mouth, the tip is at the lower teeth. Hold your mouth in this position for a count of 1 to 5. Repeat 4 to 5 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Wide open mouth

It turned out "behemoth",

And then they shut their mouths

Resting "behemoth".

When performing the exercise, it is necessary to ensure that the head does not tilt, keep straight, only the lower jaw should go down. Movements with the hand or hands should be performed simultaneously with the articulation exercise.

Exercise number 10 "Proboscis"

Target: develop the ability to stretch your lips forward, hold in this position for several seconds.

Description of the articulation exercise.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed.

On the count of "one" stretch closed lips forward. Hold the “proboscis” under the count from 1 to 10. Then return the lips to their original position, hold under the count from 1 to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

The elephant pulled out the trunk,

He invited us to play.

Lips "proboscis" folded,

Made friends with the elephant.

It is necessary to ensure that during the exercise the child pulls forward only the lips, while the lower jaw must remain motionless. Movements with the hand or hands should be performed simultaneously with the articulation exercise.

Exercise number 11 "Sail"

Target: learn to hold the tip of the tongue behind the upper teeth.

Description of the articulation exercise.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed.

At the expense of "one" smile, open your mouth, raise your tongue by the upper front teeth and rest against the alveoli. Hold the tongue in this position under the count from 1 to 10. Then return to the starting position, close the mouth and hold the count from 1 to 5. Repeat 5-6 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

The wind blows the sail

Our boat is being adjusted.

One, two, three, four, five,

We will keep the sail.

It is necessary to ensure that when performing the exercise, the tongue rests against the alveoli behind the upper teeth. Movements with the hand and hands should be performed simultaneously with the articulation exercise.

Exercise number 12 "Cup"

Target: develop the ability to hold the tongue with the anterior and lateral edges bent upwards.

Description of the articulation exercise.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed.

At the expense of "one" smile, open your mouth, stick your tongue out of your mouth. Raise the tip, front and sides of the tongue up so that you get a "ladle". Hold the tongue in this position, close the mouth and hold the count from 1 to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

This cup, my friend,

Made a clever tongue.

We need as long as possible.

Hold this bucket.

It is necessary to ensure that during the exercise the tongue retains the shape of the bucket and is not pressed against the teeth or upper lip. Movements with the hand or hands should be performed simultaneously with the articulation exercise.

Exercise number 13 "Fungus"

Target: work out the rise of the tongue up, train the hyoid ligament.

Description of the articulation exercise.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed.

On the count of "one" smile, open your mouth, lift your tongue up and suck on the sky, the tip of the tongue should be at the upper front teeth. Hold the tongue in this position under the count from 1 to 10. Then return to its original position, close the mouth and hold the count from 1 to 5. Repeat 4-5 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Tongue lifted up

It looked like a fungus.

We'll hold on just a little

And then we'll pull the leg.

It is necessary to ensure that when performing the exercise, the lips are in a smile, the tongue is located throughout the sky, and the tip of the tongue is at the upper front teeth. The mouth must be kept wide open. Movements with the hand or hands should be performed simultaneously with the articulation exercise.

Exercise number 14 "Piglet"

Target: teach to perform precise movements with the lips under the count, train the muscles of the lips.

Description of the articulation exercise.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed.

On the count of "one", stretch the closed lips forward with the "proboscis", turn the "proboscis" to the left, on the count of "two" - turn to the right, on the count of "three" - raise it up, on the count of "four" - lower it down. Then return to the starting position, close your mouth and hold the count from 1 to 5. Repeat the exercise 5-6 times.

Under the count of "one", "two", "three", "four", stretch the lips forward with the "proboscis", perform circular movements along the path to the left - up - right - down. Then return to the starting position, close your mouth and hold the count from 1 to 5. Repeat the exercise 5-6 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Imitate a pig

Let's fold the lips with a heel,

One two three four,

We twisted the heel.

When performing an articulation exercise, it is necessary to ensure that the lips do not open. The head should not tilt or drop down. Movements with the hand or hands must be performed synchronously with the movements of the lips.

Exercise number 15 "Rabbit"

Target: learn to perform a light massage of the lower lip with the upper teeth;

Raise the upper lip and hold for 2-3 seconds.

Description of the articulation exercise.

Starting position - sitting on a chair in front of a mirror, the head is held straight, the mouth is closed.

Smile, open your mouth and bite your lower lip with your upper front teeth counting from 1 to 10. Then close your mouth, keep it closed counting from 1 to 5. Repeat the exercise 4-5 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Likes to gnaw fluffy rabbit

And cabbage and carrots.

Giving a rabbit a carrot

And patted behind the ear.

The exercise must be performed rhythmically, follow the synchronous movements of the fingers.

Exercise number 16 "Bridge" (Kitty, Hill)

Target: learn to hold the tongue in the position necessary for the pronunciation of whistling sounds. Develop the muscles of the tongue, strengthen the tip of the tongue.

Description of the articulation exercises. We open our mouth. Having arched the back of the tongue, we rest its tip against the lower teeth from the inside of the mouth. We hold in this position for 3-5 seconds. Slowly bring together and clench your teeth, close your mouth. "Bridge" stands behind closed teeth. Then we invite the child to straighten the tongue, relax, swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Bend the tongue out like a back
This red cat kicked out.
Well, look at the picture:
He is walking across the bridge.

Exercise number 17 "Hamster".

Target: develop voluntary movements of the tongue. Strengthen the muscles of the tongue and cheeks.

Description of the articulation exercise. The tongue alternately rests on the right and left cheeks, lingering in each position for 3-5 seconds.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

The hamster puffs out its cheeks,
He has grain in bags.
We puff up our cheeks too
Let's help the hamster now.

I try to press my tongue

I lean heavily on the cheek.

My cheek popped

Like a hamster bag.

We offer the baby to inflate his cheeks with his mouth closed and hold in this position for 3-5 seconds, and then exhale, relax, swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.

Exercise number 18 "Kitten laps milk."

Target: develop the ability to quickly change the position of the tongue, activate the lateral edges and the tip of the tongue.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Kitten loves milk
Pour - and there is not a drop in an instant.
Laps quickly and easily
"Shovel" sticking out his tongue.

We will bend the edges of the tongue,
Do the same as me.
The tongue lies wide
And, like a cup, deep.

How does a cat love sour cream?

Lick your mouth soon.

Murzik took our comb,

And began to comb.

We are not behind him;

We will show everything with a tongue.

We open our mouth wide, make 4-5 movements with a wide tongue, as if lapping milk. We close our mouth. We remove the tongue. We give the child time to rest and relax, we offer to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise

Exercise number 19 "Delicious honey." (Delicious jam)

Target. Develop movements of the wide tip of the tongue in the upper position. Hug the upper lip with the wide tip of the tongue and remove the tongue into the oral cavity. Do not close your mouth while doing this. Perform 5-6 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

All the people know this:
The bear loves delicious honey.
Tongue licks the lip
And sit down closer to the honey.

We open our mouth wide, with a sharp tip of the tongue we draw along the upper lip from left to right and back. We make sure that the lower jaw does not move. We perform 6-8 times. We remove the tongue, close the mouth. We give the child time to rest and relax, we offer to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.

Exercise number 20 "Nutlet".

Purpose: to train the muscles of the tongue.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Squirrel clicks nuts
Thoroughly, without delay.
We rest the tongue
Left - right, sideways.

With the mouth closed, we rest the tense tip of the tongue either on the left or on the right cheek. We perform 6-8 times. Then we give the child time to rest and relax, we offer to swallow saliva. We repeat the exercise 3-4 times.

Exercise number 21 "Drum"

Target: work out the mobility of the tongue and prepare it for the vibration necessary for the sound "r". Strengthen the muscles of the tongue (especially the tip of the tongue).

Description of the exercise: smile, open your mouth, lift your tongue up. With the tip of the tongue, with force, “hit” the tubercles (alveoli) behind the upper teeth and pronounce the sounds: “d-d-d ...”. Perform 10-20 seconds at first slowly, then faster and faster. Make sure that only the tip of the tongue “works”, and the tongue itself does not jump.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

Wide open mouth, wide tongue

Raise it up and say it loud

abruptly, repeatedly, without lowering the exercise contributes to the evocation

language: D-D-D-D-D. sounds: R, R, L.

The drummer is very busy

D-d, d-d-d,

Drummer drumming:

D-d, d-d-d,

Bey, help with your hands:

D-D, d-d-d,

Beat the rhythm with your feet:

D-d, d-d-d.

Learn to play the drum:

D-d-d, d-d-d,

Your tongue will become obedient:

D-d-d, d-d-d,

Tongue, go up:

D-d-d, d-d-d,

Look - do not stray from the rhythm:

D-d-d, d-d-d.

Exercise number 22 "Accordiona"

Target: develop tongue mobility, strengthen the tip of the tongue. work out

lifting of the tongue.

Description:

Smile, open your mouth (upper and lower teeth are visible) and with a wide tongue “clean” the upper teeth from the inside, making movements from side to side.

Smile, open your mouth wide, “suck” your tongue to the palate;

Without lowering your tongue, lower your lower jaw strongly, close your mouth and open it wide again, without changing the position of your tongue;

Repeat 4-5 times.

Instead of an account, you can use poetic lines:

I suck my tongue on the palate

Now look both ways:

Jaw moves up and down

She has such a cruise.

I play the harmonica

I open my mouth wider

I will press my tongue to the palate,

Below the jaw will take.

30 best exercises for the development of diction according to a speech therapist

What is articulation gymnastics

Children of the first years of life very often distort sounds that are difficult to pronounce, because their speech organs are still developing. There are practically no babies that are perfectly clear.

For a clear pronunciation of sounds, correct articulatory motility is necessary, that is, the coordinated activity of the organs of the speech apparatus. If there are any problems in articulatory motor skills, they will always be reflected in sound pronunciation.

When talking, we use about a hundred muscles, including the muscles of the neck, chest, face, tongue, soft palate. To control all these muscles, many more neurons are used than when walking and running. Articulatory gymnastics is aimed at those organs in which there are muscles: tongue, lips (circular muscle of the mouth), facial muscles. But first of all it is intended for the language. The tongue is the main organ of speech, and the development and strengthening of its muscles will help to pronounce all sounds more accurately and clearly.

Types of articulation gymnastics

Such gymnastics is active and passive. Most often, when talking about articulatory gymnastics, they mean it active form: one that the child performs on his own. It is suitable in cases where articulatory motility is not impaired, but simply needs to be improved and practiced for individual movements.

But there are also more serious situations, such as dysarthria, when the pronunciation side of speech is impaired as a result of damage to the nervous system, and the mobility of the speech organs is limited. In this case, it is extremely difficult or impossible for children to perform such gymnastics on their own. After all, their speech organs are not ready for this.

Used here passive gymnastics: an adult with his own hands or with the help of devices - probes, spatulas, brushes - performs the movements and postures that we would like to receive. For example, very often children with motor disorders cannot lift their tongue up. Naturally, in this case, they cannot clearly pronounce the sounds that require this movement. And it is unlikely to disappear by itself, serious work is needed on this.

I would also like to dwell on such a problem as a short hyoid frenulum. It can also be the cause of limited tongue mobility. It can be stretched a little through exercises, but if it is too short, then to normalize the sound pronunciation, it remains only to cut it.

What gymnastics does your child need

Conduct this test: ask the child to show the tongue. Pay attention to the following signs:

the child cannot stick out and fix the tongue on request,

can stick it out only partially and quickly pulls it back,

cannot lift it up or shake it from side to side,

when the tongue is raised, the lower jaw rises with it,

protruding tongue begins to tremble or deviate to the side,

there is profuse salivation,

the child does not clearly pronounce several groups of sounds at once (hissing, whistling, sonorous),

the pronunciation of not only consonants, but also vowels is impaired (the pronunciation is averaged, there is no clear difference between the sounds).

If several of the listed signs are observed, then, most likely, the child, in addition to consulting a specialist, needs passive gymnastics and speech therapy massage. In the complex, they will prepare the baby's speech apparatus for active articulatory gymnastics, make it possible to produce sounds.

It is better to learn about passive gymnastics techniques during the consultation. The fact is that violations can be different, there are no universal exercises that would suit everyone. Only a specialist can explain which methods will be most effective in each case.

General principles of articulation gymnastics

Regularity. This means that five minutes of daily exercise will be more beneficial than one hour of gymnastics once a week.

game form. Articulation gymnastics can be not only useful, but also for the baby.

visibility. The more analyzers (vision, hearing, touch) are connected when performing exercises, the more effective gymnastics is. How to achieve visibility? You can use a mirror in which the child will see his reflection. The adult himself, sitting opposite the baby, can act as a model for performing movements. Use pictures, videos with other children doing this gymnastics. Find out by experience what suits your child more, what motivates him more.

Convenience. Gymnastics should be done in a comfortable position: the back is relaxed, the hands lie calmly, the head has support. The child should be comfortable.

Gradual complication. Try the lightest exercises first, gradually. Each time, enter no more than one new exercise, and only if all the previous ones have already been worked out well.

Expediency. If the child copes with all the exercises very easily, it is worth considering whether he needs this gymnastics at all. After all, the main task of these exercises is to learn how to do what is not very good at the moment.

Correct attitude. It should not be considered as a panacea, it is just one of the methods.

Gymnastics techniques

These exercises of active gymnastics, aimed at statics or dynamics, you can easily master yourself. Each pose is held for 5-7 seconds, repeated several times.

"Pipe". Lips should be folded into a tube and stretched forward as much as possible.

"Fence". We explain that you need to smile in such a way as to show your teeth.

Exercise Alternation "pipe" and "Fence".

"Rabbit". It is necessary to lift the upper lip to slightly open the incisors.

"Evil Horse". It is necessary to depict the snorting of a horse. Forcefully exhale air through the mouth without opening it. At the same time, the lips will begin to vibrate.

"Piglet". It is necessary to stretch the lips with a tube, and then with closed lips rotate in a circle in different directions.

"Horse". The child should click his tongue, voicing the clatter of hooves.

"Fungus". The tongue is tightly applied (attached to the sky) and held in this position.

"Harmonic". Keeping the tongue in the "fungus" position, you need to open / close your mouth several times.

"Pop the ball." The cheeks puff up, then the child should lightly hit them so that the air comes out.

"Hamster". First, both cheeks are inflated, then the right and left alternately.

"Needle". The narrow tongue protrudes as far as possible.

"Watch". Open your mouth and alternately touch the left and right corners of your mouth with the tip of your tongue.

"Cup". With your mouth wide open, you need to hold the tongue at the top.

"Focus". Raise the tongue to the "cup" position and gently blow on the tip of the nose. You can put a piece of cotton on the tip of your nose.

"Delicious jam" The upper lip is licked with a wide tongue (you can lick real jam).

"Painter". We draw the tongue across the sky in the direction from front to back (from the teeth to the throat). You can tell the child that the tongue is a paint brush that paints the sky.

"Brushing teeth". The tip of the tongue should be drawn along the upper, and then along the lower teeth from one edge to the other.

"Monkey". Open your mouth slightly and place your tongue between your lower lip and lower teeth. The lips are close together.

"Bulldog". From the “monkey” position, move the tongue to a position between the upper lip and upper teeth. Lips close.

"Circle". The mouth is closed. The tongue moves from the inside, smoothly outlining a circle with the tip of the tongue.

"Sail". The end of the tongue rests on the upper teeth and is held in this position.

"Swing". The mouth opens, and the tongue alternately rises up and falls down.

"Drummer". Smile, open your mouth, put the tongue behind your upper teeth, loudly, distinctly, repeat many times: “D-D-D-”. Gradually speed up the pace, do not bring the teeth together.

"Knead the dough." The tongue rests on the lower lip (as in the “scapula”), while the mouth opens and closes, the lips slap on the tongue.

"Let's bite the tongue." Smile, open your mouth, bite the tip and center of the tongue.

"Where's the candy?" It is necessary to close the mouth tightly, with the tip of the tongue pressing on one or the other cheek from the inside.

"Turkey" ("Chatterbox"). Smile, show teeth, open your mouth, put a wide tongue on the upper lip and make quick movements with the tip of the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, trying not to tear the tongue from the upper lip.

"Steamboat hums." Smiling, you need to bite your tongue and pronounce “s” for a long time.

Do these exercises regularly, but without making them a chore for the child, and you will definitely see progress! And don't forget about others.