At the end of May, the Crimean parliament adopted in the first reading the draft law “On state languages Republic of Crimea and other languages ​​of the Republic of Crimea ". In an explanatory note to the bill, its authors - Crimean State Councilors Remzi Ilyasov, Efim Fiks and Sergei Trofimov indicate: “a constructive language policy presupposes a striving for balance in the language situation, creating a social base, and increasing the importance of native languages ​​for peoples living in the Republic of Crimea”.

The new law, according to the authors of the document, will lay the legal basis for the use and development of the state languages ​​of the republic and will create the necessary conditions to study them. MPs stress that their bill is based on fundamental norms international law stipulating that each ethnic group has the right to preserve its national and cultural identity, and that all ethnic groups have the right to use their native language and culture.

The consideration by the Crimean parliament of the new law regulating the sphere of language policy aroused keen interest in the Crimean Tatar public. June 15 at the initiative of activists national movement Ilyas Bilyalov, Reshat Ablyazisov, Chairman of the Council of Crimean Tatar Elders of Alushta Shevket Kharakchiev, public hearings on the bill were held at the Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University.

The representatives of the public and the teaching staff of the university who took part in the discussion were unanimous that the draft law does not provide enough opportunities for the development of the Crimean Tatar language.

Head of the Department of Social and Humanitarian Disciplines of the KIPU Refik Kurtseitov recalled that for 20 years in the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Crimean Tatar language functioned as the state language. After the forcible eviction of the Crimean Tatars from their homeland in 1944, their language lost its status. Since 2014, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea, it, along with the Russian and Ukrainian languages, is the state language on the territory of Crimea.

The scientist noted that the most important issue today is the compulsory study of the Crimean Tatar language in the education system. Describing the current state of the education system in the Crimean Tatar language, the scientist cited a number of interesting figures received from the republican ministry of education.

So, by the beginning of 2016/2017 school year in Crimea, there were 463 preschool educational institutions... Of these, only one institution - with the Crimean Tatar language of upbringing in the village of Sarybash, Pervomaisky district, and one more - with the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar upbringing languages ​​in Belogorsk (Karasubazar). In the rest of the kindergartens there are 38 groups with the Crimean Tatar language. That is, 915 children were brought up in the Crimean Tatar language (1.4% of the total pupils of preschool institutions).

“In 2012, according to the Medical Center for Serving the Deported, 5.5 thousand children of Crimean Tatar nationality were born. In total, according to statistics, about 20 thousand children are born in Crimea per year. Thus, every fourth child born in Crimea is a Crimean Tatar child, ”says R. Kurtseitov.

In the 2016/2017 academic year, there were 187.6 thousand students in Crimean secondary schools. Of these, 4,835 children were taught in the Crimean Tatar language (2.6% of all students). As a subject, 12 thousand students studied the Crimean Tatar language, 11.8 thousand students studied their native language as an option. At the same time, according to R. Kurtseitov, about half of the Crimean Tatar students do not learn their native language in any form.

The activist R. Ablyazisov called on the Crimean Tatar linguists to express their attitude to the bill and, having formulated their proposals, send them to the authorities. According to the KIPU teacher Milyara Settarova, the state languages ​​should be studied without fail, on a par. Dean of the Faculty of History, Arts and Crimean Tatar Language and Literature Emine Ganieva noted that today no one forbids Crimean Tatars to speak native language, but for the full use of the language, appropriate conditions must be created. She complained that today in government institutions There are not enough people in Crimea who could communicate with citizens in the Crimean Tatar language. According to E. Ganieva, the problem could be solved if all pupils in schools studied the Crimean Tatar language 1-2 hours a week. Otherwise, the use of the language will be purely declarative, and the language will be threatened with extinction.

Kemal Mambetov, a leading specialist of the State Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Information and Methodological, Analytical Center" noted that Article 68 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation gives the republics the right to establish their own state languages, which should be used in state institutions on an equal basis with the state language of the Russian Federation - Russian. In order to develop constitutional norms, the republic must adopt laws defining the status of its state languages. K. Mambetov cited as an example the positive experience of Tatarstan, the legislation of which provides for the study of the state languages ​​of the republic (Russian and Tatar) in an equal volume. He also recalled that there is the federal law"About the state language Russian Federation", Which describes all the functions of the state Russian language. Clause 7 of Article 1 of this law contains an important provision - "The obligation to use the state language of the Russian Federation should not be interpreted as denying or diminishing the right to use the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation and the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation."

As a result of the hearings, their participants approved a resolution in which they called on legislators to consolidate in the future law a provision on the compulsory study of the Crimean Tatar and Ukrainian languages ​​as the state languages ​​of the republic. "Without functioning continuous system education in three languages, the equal state status of the Crimean Tatar, Russian, Ukrainian languages ​​will remain only a declaration in the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea, ”the document says.

At the suggestion of Ismail Kerimov, Director of the Research Institute of the Crimean Tatar Language, Literature, History and Culture, the participants in the hearings supplemented the resolution with a proposal: when considering the bill in the second reading, provide an opportunity to speak at the session of the State Council Kemal Mambetov and Refik Kurtseitov in order to convey the position of Crimean Tatar scientists to the deputies.

In March 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopted a declaration of independence, and in a referendum held a little later, most of its participants voted to join Russia. After the republic became part of Russia, the state languages ​​of the Crimea were officially proclaimed Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar.

Some statistics and facts

• Greek and Italian, Armenian and Turkish-Ottoman languages ​​played a significant role on the territory of the peninsula in different periods of history.
• During the 2014 census, almost 84% of Crimean residents named Russian as their native language.
• Crimean Tatar is preferred in communication by 7.9%, Tatar - 3.7%, and Ukrainian - only 3.3% of the republic's residents.
• The poll showed that almost 80% of Ukrainians living in Crimea consider Russian to be their native language.

Russian and Russian

The Russian language in Crimea is the main language for the vast majority of the inhabitants of the peninsula. This trend developed in the middle of the 19th century, and since then Russian in Crimea has a long and complex history. It lost its position as a state language in 1998, when only Ukrainian was enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine as the only state language of Crimea. The language problem was one of many that caused the residents of the republic to want to hold a referendum on joining Russia.

Modern realities

Today in Crimea, there are three languages ​​on equal terms, which is guaranteed by the opportunity to choose school in one of them. For tourists from other regions of Russia, Crimea has created favorable and comfortable conditions for recreation - menus in restaurants, price tags in stores and street and road signs are in Russian.
The hotel staff speaks Russian and Ukrainian, excursions to sights and memorable places can also be ordered in any of the official languages ​​of Crimea.

15:10 - REGNUM

The number of children who have chosen Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages ​​for education is decreasing in Crimean schools. If in the 2012-2013 academic year 10.5% of schoolchildren studied in the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages, then in 2015-2016 - just over 3%, the correspondent reports. IA REGNUM.

According to the Ukrainian State Statistics Service, in the 2012-2013 academic year in secondary schools of the Crimea (excluding students from boarding schools and special classes organized at secondary schools) 89.32% of students received education in Russian Ukrainian, 3.11% - in Crimean Tatar, and 0.15% studied in English language... At the same time, the Ukrainian department does not disclose the real numbers.

According to the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of the Republic of Crimea, in the 2013-2014 academic year ( Last year teaching in schools of the Crimea on school curriculum Ukrainian Ministry of Education) in the Crimean Tatar language, 5500 schoolchildren studied on the peninsula, in 2015 - 4835 people. At the beginning of the 2015-2016 academic year, the ministry gave a figure of 5083 children (2.76% of Crimean schoolchildren). "Compared to the last academic year (2014-2015), the number of students in classes with the Crimean Tatar language of instruction has increased by 188," the ministry said in September 2015.

The Ukrainian language was the language of instruction in 2013-2014 for 12.6 thousand children of Crimea. In 2015, only 894 children studied there, which was 0.5% of the total number of students in the republic. In September 2015, the ministry cited 949 students at the start of the school year.

The Ministry of Education of the republic reminded that the choice of the language of instruction is the right of the parents, and if they use this right, then the schools are looking for an opportunity to meet the demand. “In the Republic of Crimea, in accordance with the law on education, parents themselves determine the language of instruction for their children, that is, they must write a statement, which says in which language the child should be taught,” the department noted. “Now parents are writing such statements, and full data on the number of students and schools where the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages ​​are the languages ​​of instruction will be processed by the Ministry of Education of the republic after the start of the school year - in September,” the press service reports.

It is difficult to explain the fluctuations in the popularity of the Crimean Tatar language among schoolchildren. “Perhaps the parents simply do not know that they have the right to come and write an application for the education of their child in their native language,” the ministry suggests. The Ukrainian language in the republic has simply lost its relevance: the Ukrainian military left Crimea with their families, the Ukrainian language is no longer required for Crimean applicants to enter Ukrainian universities, since there is no longer a need to enter there. In addition, in Ukraine, the Ukrainian language is the only state language, all paperwork and even instructions for medicines in pharmacies are in it, until 2014 Crimean children were forced to learn it.

Let's remind, now in Crimea there are three state languages: Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar. The Ministry of Education of Crimea assures that textbooks and manuals for all three languages enough.

Especially for Crimea.Realities

During the years of the Russian occupation, the number of children studying the Ukrainian language in Crimea has decreased tenfold. But the Russian authorities do not see this as a problem, explaining this situation only by a decrease in the interest of Crimeans in one of the state languages ​​of the peninsula.

Head of the Kremlin-controlled State Committee for Interethnic Relations and Deported Citizens Zaur Smirnov On September 19, 2017, at a press conference in Simferopol, he said that no one oppresses the Ukrainian language in Crimea. “We all understand very well that there is no oppression of the Ukrainian language. We all know why interest in it has declined - because it used to be planted. There is no harassment on the part of the authorities. It's just that the Ukrainian language in Crimea will have to start over, ”he stressed.

How can you talk about the "implantation" of the Ukrainian language, if only 8 schools with teaching in Ukrainian operated on the entire peninsula?

However, the occupation authorities are once again turning everything upside down. How can you talk about the "implantation" of the Ukrainian language in the Crimean schools, if only 8 schools with teaching in the Ukrainian language operated on the entire peninsula? If out of 209 986 students (as of September 1, 2013), only 13 688 children (6.5%) studied in Ukrainian. With this “implantation”, the number of classes with the Russian language of instruction exceeded the number of classes with the Ukrainian language by 9 times (7731 versus 829).

True, the Ukrainian language was compulsory for all schoolchildren, starting from grade 1. But it was studied only as a subject, while in the absolute majority of schools in Crimea, teaching was conducted in Russian. In addition, Russian as a subject was studied by 206,866 children (99.2%), Crimean Tatar - by 18,020 students (8.6%).

At the same time, only 8 schools with the Ukrainian language of instruction and 15 with the Crimean Tatar language functioned on the entire peninsula (including Sevastopol). The Russian language was taught in 414 Crimean schools (66% of the total number of Crimean schools).

One of the state languages ​​of the peninsula actually ended up in the Crimea in the position of an outcast

According to the data of the Russian-controlled Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of Crimea, as of September 1, 2016, 192.3 thousand children studied in the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Of these, only 371 children (0.2%) received secondary education in Ukrainian. Thus, over the three years of the Russian government, the number of children studying in the Ukrainian language has decreased 37 times, the number of schools where teaching is conducted in Ukrainian has decreased 8 times (from 8 to 1), and the number of Ukrainian classes in Crimea has dropped by almost 30 times (from 829 in 2013 to 28 in 2016). Add to this almost one hundred percent training in Russian in the system of special and higher education and we will get a real picture, which completely refutes the words of the occupation authorities in Crimea. But after the annexation of Crimea, one of the official languages ​​of the peninsula, which was recognized as such by the occupation authorities themselves, in fact found itself in a position of an outcast in Crimea.

The Russian authorities, citing such figures, say that the Crimeans do not want to learn the Ukrainian language. However, this is far from the case - school administrations under various pretexts (heavy workload, lack of teachers, premises, etc.) refuse children to study the Ukrainian language even as a subject, not to mention the opening of Ukrainian classes.

The only thing that is still allowed is to learn the language as an option, which is what 12,892 children (6.7%) do. But if these kids are willing to spend free time for additional classes, it is quite obvious that they would love to learn Ukrainian in the classroom. But the Crimean authorities controlled by the Kremlin deprived them of this opportunity.

Crimean authorities are trying to reduce the amount of Ukrainian language to make it harder for children to enter universities in mainland Ukraine

It is possible that one of the reasons why the Russian authorities in Crimea in every possible way limit the study of the Ukrainian language, was the expansion of Ukraine's opportunities for applicants from the peninsula. In 2017, there are 2604 budget-funded places for Crimeans in Kiev in various universities of the country. And although the final results of the admission campaign regarding Crimeans who entered the universities of mainland Ukraine have not yet been summed up, even preliminary ones speak of an albeit small, but increase in students from Crimea at Ukrainian universities.

At the same time, Crimean universities are short on budget places, which is quite obvious - young people understand the futility of studying on the peninsula, preferring to travel either to mainland Ukraine or to neighboring Russia. Therefore, the Russian authorities in Crimea are trying by any means to reduce the amount of the Ukrainian language in order to further complicate the process of admission to the universities of mainland Ukraine for children.

As a result, a paradoxical situation is developing on the peninsula - the study of the language of the second largest nation of Crimea has been reduced to almost zero. The Ukrainian language itself has not yet come under a complete ban, but the taboo of all Ukrainian makes even its study a matter, if not dangerous, then extremely undesirable.

Evgeniya Goryunova, Crimean political scientist

The views expressed in the "Opinion" heading convey the point of view of the authors themselves and do not always reflect the position of the editorial board

Shortly before the referendum, on March 12, 2014, the "Crimean Information Agency" solemnly announced that "in Crimea, two languages ​​will receive state status":

In Crimea, Russian and Crimean Tatar languages ​​will receive state status. First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the ARC Rustam Temirgaliev announced this today at a press conference in Simferopol.

According to him, after the all-Crimean referendum, if the population votes for joining Russia, Crimea will receive the status of a republic and will officially be public education... “We will have the right by the decision of the Crimean parliament to give the status of the state language to those main languages ​​that function on the territory of Crimea. These languages ​​will be Russian and Crimean Tatar. They will receive the status of a state one, ”said the Deputy Prime Minister.

In addition, he stressed that the government guarantees the free use of the Ukrainian language in Crimea.

A month has passed since the annexation - and on April 11, 2014, a new Constitution was adopted in the new constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Crimea.

Under pressure from "self-defense" and officials, the director of the Ukrainian gymnasium in Simferopol resigned

Do children learn Ukrainian literature in schools?

Can an application be submitted to the court in Ukrainian or Crimean Tatar?

And to receive court documents at home?

And to hand over the form to the tax office in Crimean Tatar?

Are the forms generally duplicated in three languages? Well, let's say at the post office? Or receipts from banks, for housing and communal services, telephone?

Are the tags, labels, signs in shops and offices duplicated in three languages?

Menu in restaurants?

And the ubiquitous Entry / Exit signs?

Will a Crimean Tatar be sold a bus ticket if he addresses the cashier in his native language at the box office?

Maybe at least the bus timetables at bus stations are duplicated in three languages? And what about the signs on public transport?

Maybe newspapers are published in Ukrainian? There are several editions in the Crimean Tatar language - oh, what happiness !!

How many books were published in Crimea in 2014 on Ukrainian mov?

At least the new Constitution of Crimea and the Constitution of the Russian Federation were published in the Crimean Tatar language?

Are there safety instructions at enterprises in three state languages?

Do state offices issue certificates in three languages?

Television and radio are Ukrainian - well, at least a few programs?

Can the news of Crimea and Russia be heard in Ukrainian? It turns out that you can do it - on the Crimean Tatar TV channel ATR. True, it is under threat of closure. But this is common practice. In Russia.

In 2012, the Ukrainian-Russian film "Khaitarma" was released in the Crimean Tatar and Russian languages ​​about the eviction of the Crimean Tatars. In 2013, the film received several prestigious awards in Ukraine and Russia.

Interestingly, in Yalta now they will shoot films on the Ukrainian mov? For example, how valiant locals blockaded Ukrainian military bases under the protection of "green men"; how did Julius Mamchur lead his unarmed unit at the muzzles of machine guns in Belbek? In the budget Russian Crimea Are there funds to support Ukrainian cinema? - as it is written in the same Constitution of Crimea:

3. The principle of the diversity of cultures is recognized in the Republic of Crimea, and their equal development and mutual enrichment is ensured. (article 10)

4. In the Republic of Crimea, equal conditions are created and ensured for the preservation and development of the cultures of all peoples living in it. (article 37)

What a wonderful Constitution is now in Crimea! - isn’t it true?

And at least sometimes films in Ukrainian are shown in cinemas? Or maybe with subtitles in Crimean Tatar?

In Simferopol there is the Krimsky Academic Ukrainian Musical Theater. Well, this is not for you khukhry-mukhry, but a real one Academic!

Oops! There is no theater.

No longer there. :(

What is happening with Prosvita in Crimea now? They completely destroyed this cursed Crimean and Sevastopol b e Nder's gang, is it a bunch of Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists, or is it still a little bit alive?

And what about the Mejlis?

Why are Refat Chubarov and Mustafa Dzhemilev not allowed to the Crimea, to their homeland? Fear? Are they terrorists? Are they insidious and vicious pests? Or are they foshizd? Or (oh, Allah!) Are they right-seated ?!

On December 31, Petro Poroshenko congratulated the people of Ukraine on the New Year - and uttered several phrases in Russian and Crimean Tatar languages. In reality - pride for both Ukraine and the president.

It is sad, of course, that for such a simple thing the multinational Ukrainian people had to go through so many trials ...

Well, and in Crimea, did anyone congratulate Crimeans at the second and third state? Maybe Aksenov? or Konstantinov? Or, maybe, he said or wrote a few words in Ukrainian?

In general, do all Crimean officials know the three state languages ​​and can answer the residents' questions in these languages?

Lawyers will defend Crimean Tatar in his native language? Or will the court need an interpreter? Who will hire this translator and at whose expense?

The site of the State Council of Crimea is made in just one language - guess at once which one.

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

The list of these rhetorical questions and eloquent examples can be significantly expanded ...

So what are the THREE state languages ​​in Crimea can we talk about?

On paper, it is.