Word " chair", which is often used in Russian translations to mean" department ", does not have such a meaning, but means a leading (" head ") or professorship at a university.
Here is the definition of the Macmillan dictionary: "CHAIR - the position or job of being a professor in a university - He held the Chair of Botany at Cambridge for 30 years" ").
Another example where it is said that "chair" is a title: "University Research Chairs: The University of Waterloo owes much of its reputation and stature to the quality of its professors and their scholarly accomplishments. University of Waterloo recognizes exceptional achievement and pre-eminence in a particular field of knowledge through the designation "University Research Chair" - a title which may be held for up to seven years, with the possibility of a re-nomination. A faculty member with this title will receive either a teaching reduction of one course per year or an annual stipend of $ 10,000, which will be allocated to the Department / School if teaching reduction is chosen. The University Research Chair title and benefits will be relinquished if a Canada Research Chair or other major research chair is awarded. "
From the following example, you can see that the title "Department Chair" is roughly the same as the title of head of a department: "What a Department Chair Can-and Can" t-Do: The responsibilities and limits of power for heads of college departments vary greatly. Every department at a college has one: a chair who, typically, is a faculty member in that department, assigned by the dean to manage the department. "
The responsibilities of the "Department Chair" are described on the University of Wisconsin website: "Department Chair Role and Responsibilities: The chair is responsible for facilitating the operation of a department, the fundamental academic unit within the university... Description of the chair "s roles and responsibilities must be understood in the overall context of responsibility and accountability. ... The chair facilitates the management of the department. To carry out this responsibility, the chair oversees, directly or indirectly, the daily progress toward achieving teaching, research, and service goals as set out in the department "s plan. With the Chair "s leadership and facilitation, faculty members provide students the educational opportunity necessary to be prepared for meaningful personal and professional lives. To this end, the chair plays an important role in providing the dean / provost, through the budget and planning process , with class schedules, program plans and estimates of resources needed to carry out department functions. "
Thus, all these examples prove that "chair" in the context of higher education refers to a position or title of a person and cannot be translated into Russian as "department".
Official abbreviations of academic degrees (based on materials from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation)
candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences
Cand. geol.-mineral. sciences
Ph.D. in History of Arts
Cand. art history
Candidate of Historical Sciences
Cand. history. sciences
candidate of cultural studies
Cand. cultural studies
Candidate of Medical Sciences
Cand. honey. sciences
candidate of pedagogical sciences
Cand. ped. sciences
candidate of political science
Cand. polit. sciences
PhD in Psychology
Cand. psychol. sciences
candidate of agricultural sciences
Cand. s.-kh. sciences
candidate of sociological sciences
Cand. sociol. sciences
candidate of technical sciences
Cand. tech. sciences
PhD in Pharmacy
Cand. pharmacist. sciences
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences
Cand. phys.-mat. sciences
Candidate of Philology
Cand. philol. sciences
PhD in Philosophy
Cand. Philos. sciences
PhD in Chemistry
Cand. chem. sciences
PhD in Economics
Cand. econom. sciences
PhD in Law
Cand. jurid. sciences
Official abbreviations of academic degrees (based on materials from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation)
Academic title
Reduction
no academic title
(nothing is written)
Professor
Corresponding Member of RAS
Corresponding Member RAS
Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Member RAMS
Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Corresponding Member RAAS
Corresponding Member of RAO
Corresponding Member RAW
Academician of RAS
acad. RAS
academician of RAMS
acad. RAMS
Academician of RAAS
acad. RAAS
academician of the Russian Academy of Education
Doctor of Biological Sciences - Dr. Biol. sciences Doctor of Veterinary Sciences - Dr. Veterinarian. sciences Doctor of Military Sciences - Dr. sciences Doctor of Geographical Sciences - Dr. Geogr. sciences Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences - Doctor of Geological and Mineral. sciences Doctor of Art History - Doctor of Art History Doctor of Historical Sciences - Dr. sciences Doctor of Culturology - Doctor of Culturology Doctor of Medical Sciences - Dr. med. sciences Doctor of Pedagogy - Dr. Ped. sciences Doctor of Political Science - Dr. sciences Doctor of Psychology - Dr. of Psychol. sciences Doctor of Agricultural Sciences - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences sciences Doctor of Sociological Sciences - Dr.Sociol. sciences Doctor of Technical Sciences - Dr. Tech. sciences Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Dr. Pharmacist. sciences Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Dr. Phys.-Math. sciences Doctor of Philology - Dr. Philol. sciences Doctor of Philosophy - Doctor of Philosophy sciences Doctor of Chemistry - Dr. sciences Doctor of Economics - Doctor of Economics sciences Doctor of Law - Doctor of Law sciences Candidate of Biological Sciences - Cand. biol. sciences Candidate of Veterinary Sciences - Cand. vet. sciences Candidate of Military Sciences - Cand. military sciences Candidate of Geographical Sciences - Cand. geogr. sciences Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences - Cand. geol.-mineral. sciences Candidate of Art Criticism - Cand. art history Candidate of Historical Sciences - Cand. ist. sciences Candidate of Culturology - Cand. cultural studies Candidate of Medical Sciences - Cand. honey. sciences Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences - Cand. ped. sciences Candidate of Political Science - Cand. polit. sciences Candidate of Psychological Sciences - Cand. psychol. sciences Candidate of Agricultural Sciences - Cand. s.-kh. sciences Candidate of Sociological Sciences - Cand. sociol. sciences Candidate of Technical Sciences - Cand. tech. sciences Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Cand. pharmacist. sciences Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Cand. phys.-mat. sciences Candidate of Philology - Cand. philol. sciences Candidate of Philosophical Sciences - Cand. Philos. sciences Candidate of Chemical Sciences - Cand. chem. sciences Candidate of Economic Sciences - Cand. econom. sciences Candidate of Legal Sciences - Cand. jurid. sciences
There are also shorter, unofficial abbreviations for academic degrees:
Doctor of Architectural Sciences - Doctor of Architecture;
Candidate of Architectural Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Biological Sciences - Doctor of Biological Sciences;
Candidate of Biological Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Veterinary Sciences - Doctor of Veterinary Sciences;
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Military Sciences - Doctor of Military Sciences;
Candidate of Military Sciences - Candidate of Military Sciences
Doctor of Geographical Sciences - Doctor of Geographical Sciences;
Candidate of Geographical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences - Doctor of Geology and Mathematics;
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Art History - Doctor of Science;
Candidate of Art Criticism - Candidate of Arts.
Doctor of Historical Sciences - Doctor of Historical Sciences;
Candidate of Historical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Medical Sciences - Doctor of Medical Sciences;
Candidate of Medical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences - Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences;
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Political Science - Doctor of Science;
Candidate of Political Science - Ph.D.
Doctor of Psychology - Doctor of Psychology;
candidate of psychological sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences - Doctor of Agricultural Sciences;
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences - Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Doctor of Sociological Sciences - Doctor of Social Sciences;
candidate of sociological sciences - candidate of social sciences
Doctor of Technical Sciences - Doctor of Technical Sciences;
candidate of technical sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences;
Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences;
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Philology - Doctor of Philosophy;
Ph.D. in Philology - Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy - Doctor of Philosophy;
Candidate of Philosophical Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Chemistry - Doctor of Chemistry;
candidate of chemical sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Economics - Doctor of Economics;
Candidate of Economic Sciences - Ph.D.
Doctor of Laws - Doctor of Law;
Candidate of Legal Sciences - Ph.D.
Assignment procedure
In Russia, the degree of candidate of sciences is awarded by the dissertation council based on the results of the defense of a candidate's dissertation. Then the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia decides to issue a candidate of sciences diploma.
Scientific branches
Depending on the specialty in which the Ph.D. thesis is being defended, the applicant is awarded one of the following academic degrees:
Candidate of Architectural Sciences (Ph.D. in architecture)
Candidate of Biological Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Veterinary Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Military Sciences (Candidate of Military Sciences)
Candidate of Geographical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Art Criticism (Candidate of Law)
Candidate of Historical Sciences (Ph.D.)
PhD in Cultural Studies
Candidate of Medical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Political Science (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Psychological Sciences (Candidate of Psychological Sciences)
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences)
Candidate of Sociological Sciences (Ph.D. in Social Science)
Candidate of Technical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Philology (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Philosophical Sciences (Ph.D. in Philosophy)
Candidate of Chemical Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Economic Sciences (Ph.D.)
Candidate of Legal Sciences (Ph.D.)
Previously, there was also a Ph.D. degree in naval sciences. For some time (around the 1940s) the degree of candidate of art history was called candidate of art history.
Many specialties allow for the awarding of degrees in several disciplines to applicants, depending on the prevailing subject area of a particular dissertation. For example, in the specialty 02.00.04 (physical chemistry), the degrees of candidate of physical and mathematical or technical, or chemical sciences can be awarded. At the same time, however, the principle "one dissertation - one branch of science" is respected, regardless of the number of specialties of the thesis and branches of science of the specialty. Also, a specific dissertation council may be limited in the range of degrees awarded, depending on the industry.
Notes (edit)
Sources of
Regulatory documents on the website of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
Qualifications in education and science
University graduates
Bachelor Specialist Master Master License
Academic degrees
PhD Doctor of Science Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Academic titles
Associate Professor Professor
Academic titles
Corresponding Member Academician
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what "Candidate of Sociological Sciences" is in other dictionaries:
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. V Russian universities the PhD is one of sufficient conditions to participate in the competition for the position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Diploma of Candidate of Science Candidate of Science degree of the first stage (up to Doctor of Science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for a position ... ... Wikipedia
Books
Social Psychology. Textbook for bachelors. Neck of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Efimova Natalia Sergeevna. In the textbook, taking into account the modern achievements of social and psychological science, psychological laws are considered social behavior individuals and the motives for combining them into groups, ...
Collegiate YouTube
1
/
5
✪ Associate Professor, Professor, Academician, Doctor of Science. What does it mean?
✪ What does a PhD degree give in life? // Greed for Knowledge
✪ WHY DO WE NEED A CANDIDATE DEGREE? // Greed for Knowledge
✪ PhD or Candidate of Sciences? Is it worth getting a PhD already having a Ph.D. Oxford University.
✪ Dagestani became the youngest doctor of sciences
Subtitles
Professional portrait of the candidate of sciences
Candidates of Science are highly qualified specialists with professional experience accumulated for at least three to four years after graduation from a university (master's degree or specialist degree). Most often they are persons aged slightly under thirty, prone to research work and necessarily having published scientific works. Most of these specialists are employees of various (academic, industrial) or university professors.
Usually an applicant for a scientific degree is aimed at a further scientific and pedagogical career. Obtaining a Ph.D. degree (or its foreign equivalents) greatly contributes to career growth both in the Russian Federation and abroad. In Russia, the possession of this degree facilitates the occupation of the position of an associate professor at a university or a senior researcher at a research institute, and is also taken into account outside the scientific and educational sphere. Having a degree is absolutely necessary to obtain the academic title of Associate Professor. A holder of a Ph.D. degree in Russia, continuing an active research activities, in the future may become a doctor of science and a professor.
Scientists with PhD-equivalent status form the backbone of the workforce of many scientific organizations and universities around the world. According to the 2010 census, there were 595,526 persons holding PhD degrees in Russia. The largest number of them lived in Moscow (197897 people).
History of the degree "candidate" in Russia
Immediately after October revolution In 1917, all degrees, ranks and titles were canceled. The degree of candidate of sciences - already in the modern sense - was established together with other academic degrees and titles of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on January 13, 1934 and inherited by the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet period.
The procedure for awarding the degree of candidate of sciences in the Russian Federation
Basic moments
The most important requirement of pre-defense training is the presence of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission, containing the results of the research of the candidate and reflecting scientific novelty research.
A dissertation research is carried out by an applicant under the guidance of a scientific advisor with a doctorate or candidate of science degree in a given specialty, usually (but not necessarily) during his postgraduate studies (postgraduate studies).
Typical PhD dissertation text is about 150 pages, but there are no hard boundaries.
Dissertation defense procedure
Prior to defense, the degree seeker must pass a series of exams (the so-called candidate minimum): in the history and philosophy of science, foreign language and specialties.
The applicant publishes the author's abstract of the dissertation (with a circulation of about 100 copies), which, a month before the defense, is sent to major scientific libraries and universities in Russia, as well as to members of the dissertation council and specialists in this branch of science. In addition, the texts of the dissertation and the abstract are posted on the website of the organization under which the dissertation council was created, which accepted the dissertation for defense.
The dissertation itself - also a month in advance - is transferred for free access to the library of the institution where the defense will take place, and to two official opponents, who write in advance and announce their review on the day of defense. Opponents cannot be associated with co-authorship or place of work with the applicant; one of them must be a doctor of sciences.
During the defense, the dissertation candidate makes a report on the results of the dissertation work, answers the questions of the members of the dissertation council on his report, dissertation and author's abstract. Further, the reviews of the leading organization are read, as well as the reviews received for the abstract. The applicant responds to the comments contained in these reviews. This is followed by the official opponents and the answers to the questions from the opponents' reviews. The final part of the defense is a free discussion, during which anyone present has the right to speak. Then the applicant answers the questions and comments made during this discussion, followed by a secret ballot, in which only the members of the dissertation council take part.
Approximately the same procedure for awarding a degree existed in the USSR and continues to exist in some CIS countries.
Issuance of a degree document
In case of a positive vote, the documents (the so-called “attestation file”) are sent to the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, where a decision is made to issue a candidate of science diploma. Usually, the consideration of a case in the Higher Attestation Commission takes several months.
Persons who have been awarded academic degrees in violation of the established procedure may be deprived of these VAK degrees, as a rule, on the basis of petitions from dissertation councils, at a meeting of which theses were defended.
Varieties of Ph.D. degrees by branches of science
Depending on the specialty in which the Ph.D. thesis is being defended, an applicant in Russia is awarded one of the following academic degrees:
List of degrees by branch of science
PhD in Architecture (PhD in Architecture)
Candidate of Biological Sciences (Candidate of Biological Sciences)
Candidate of Veterinary Science (Candidate of Veterinary Science)
Candidate of Military Sciences (Candidate of Military Sciences)
Candidate of Geographical Sciences (Candidate of Geographical Sciences)
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (Candidate of Geological and Mineral Sciences)
Candidate of Art History (Candidate of Art History)
Candidate of Historical Sciences (Candidate of Historical Sciences)
Candidate of Cultural Studies (Candidate of Cultural Studies)
Candidate of Medical Sciences (Candidate of Medical Sciences)
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences)
Candidate of Political Science (Candidate of Political Science)
Candidate of Psychological Sciences (Candidate of Psychology)
Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (Candidate of Agricultural Sciences)
Candidate of Sociological Sciences (Candidate of Sociological Sciences)
Candidate of Technical Sciences (Candidate of Technical Sciences)
Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences)
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences)
Candidate of Philology (Candidate of Philology)
Candidate of Philosophical Sciences (Candidate of Philosophy)
Candidate of Chemical Sciences (Candidate of Chemical Sciences)
Candidate of Economic Sciences (Candidate of Economic Sciences)
Candidate of Legal Sciences (Candidate of Legal Sciences)
There is, but is not currently awarded a PhD in Naval Science (awarded from the 1930s to the late 1970s). For some time (in the 1940s) the degree of candidate of art history was called "candidate of art history." The academic degree of candidate of political sciences existed in the 1940s, then it was canceled in the 1990s. re-introduced.
In pedagogical sciences until 1950, a description of a narrow specialization was necessarily added to the name of an academic degree ("... according to the method of history", "... in physical culture", etc.). Sporadically, such clarifications were present in the name of the scientific specialty until the end of the 1960s. Academic degree in psychological sciences began to be awarded in 1968. Prior to that (since 1953) the academic degree “candidate of pedagogical sciences (in psychology)” was awarded.
On September 25, 2015, the Higher Attestation Commission approved the passport of the new scientific specialty "Theology". Now in this specialty it is possible to defend dissertations and receive academic degrees of candidate and doctor of sciences.
Many specialties allow for the awarding of degrees in several disciplines to applicants, depending on the prevailing subject area of a particular dissertation. For example, in the specialty 02.00.04 (physical chemistry), the degree of candidate of physical and mathematical, technical or chemical sciences can be awarded. At the same time, however, the principle "one dissertation - one branch of science" is respected, regardless of the number of specialties of the thesis and branches of science of the specialty. Also, a specific dissertation council may be limited in the range of degrees awarded, depending on the industry.
The list of degrees awarded to Ukrainian scientists is basically the same as the Russian one, with the following exceptions:
Geological and mineralogical sciences in the names of degrees are replaced by geological sciences;
The degrees of Candidate of Science in Physical Education and Sports, Candidate of Science in public administration, candidate of sciences in social communications. The branch of science "National Security" is also distinguished, however, degrees of candidates of military, technical, legal and other sciences are awarded in it - degrees of candidate of sciences in national security no.
International aspects
Analogs of the degree of candidate of sciences abroad
The most common analogue of the Soviet and Russian Ph.D. degrees is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree. This degree exists in the USA, Canada and other countries.
In Germany, the analogue of the Russian candidate's degree is the Doctor's degree (German: Doktor), despite its name.
In many European countries, a degree was previously awarded whose name in the local language contained the concept of "candidate", which was abolished during the Bologna process. At the same time, the abolition does not mean the elimination of the corresponding level, but the replacement of the name with Ph.D. This happened in a number of CMEA countries - Bulgaria (bul. PhD in Science, abolished in the mid-1990s), Czechoslovakia (Czech Kandidát věd, Slovak Kandidát vied, abolished in the Czech Republic in 1998, in Slovakia in 1996). In 2014, with the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine "On higher education”, The degree of candidate of sciences was also abolished there and equated to the degree of doctor of philosophy. A similar degree, preceding the degree of Doctor of Science and called Latin in Latin. candidatus / candidata with the addition of the name of the science also existed in Denmark, Norway, Iceland. In Yugoslavia, the degree of candidate of science corresponded to the degree of master of science (Magister Scientiæ, mr. Sci, now abolished), as it was in Russian Empire in the 19th century.
Germany
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, whose competence includes academic qualifications, recognizes the German academic qualification “Habilitation” at the level of the Russian academic degree “Doctor of Science”, and the German academic degree “Doktor” at the level of the Russian academic degree “Candidate of Science”. In the Federal Republic of Germany, recognition falls within the competence of the Land Ministries when it comes to issuing permits for the use of academic degrees in society, and in the competence of higher educational institutions when it comes to the academic field, including research activities. These authorities recognize the Russian Ph.D. degree at the German Habilitation level and the Russian Ph.D. degree at the German Doktor degree.
