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What Do You Know about New Zealand?

What is the capital of New Zealand? a. Auckland b. Wellington c. Dunedin Which city is the largest? a. Wellington b. Gisborne c. Auckland What is New Zealand's nearest neighbour? a. America b. Japan c. Australia Who or what are the 'Maoris'? a. people b. wild animal c. a range of mountain Who was the first settlers of New Zealand? a. Polynesians b. Captain Cook c. Abel Tasman What is the official Language in Australia? a. English b. Maori c. Spain

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FULL COUNTRY NAME: New Zealand CAPITAL: Wellington TOTAL AREA: 269,000 sq.km POPULATION: 4,182,000 people PEOPLE: 88% Europeans, 125 Maori and Polynesian LANGUAGES: English and Maori RELIGION: Predominantly Christian (81%) HEAD OF STATE: Queen Elizabeth II represented by Governor-General FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional monarchy LONGEST RIVER: Waikato (425 km) LARGEST LAKE: Taupo (606 km) HIGHEST POINT: Mount Cook (3,754 m) NATIONAL DAY: Waitangi Day , 6 February (since 1840) MAJOR INDUSTRIES : wood and paper products, wool, textile, iron, steel CURRENCY: NZ dollar NATIONAL SYMBOLS: Kiwi NATIONAL ANTHEM: “God Defend New Zealand”

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New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands – the North Island and the South Island – and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. In Māori, New Zealand has come to be known as Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as The Land of the Long White Cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, which are self-governing but in free association; Tokelau; and the Ross Dependency (New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica). New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from Australia to the northwest by the Tasman Sea, approximately 2000 kilometers (1250 miles) across. Its closest neighbors to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga.

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The Flag of New Zealand is a defaced blue ensign with the Union Flag in the canton, and four red stars with white borders to the right. The stars represent the constellation of Crux, the Southern Cross, as seen from New Zealand. The flag proportion is 1:2 and the colors are Red, Blue and White. Proportion and colors are identical to the Union Flag.

Since 1990, some Māori have been using the red ensign less in favor of a new flag which lacks colonial connotations. Chosen through a competition, the Māori flag uses black to represent Te Korekore or potential being, white to represent Te Ao Marama or the physical world, red to represent Te Whei Ao, the realm of coming into being and the Koru, a curl representing the unfolding of new life.

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Until 1911, New Zealand used the same national coat of arms as the United Kingdom. When New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907, it was decided that a new Coat of Arms was required, and a design competition was held. Since being granted its own arms in 1911, New Zealand's arms have remained similar to the current design, with minor changes in 1956. The shield is now supported by two figures, a blonde Pākehā (European) woman holding the New Zealand flag, and a Māori warrior holding a taiaha (Māori staff). The shield is topped with the St Edward's Crown, and beneath the shield are two silver fern leaves and a scroll bearing the words "New Zealand".

The old-style Coat of Arms

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The kiwi bird was named so for the sound of its chirp. This flightless bird, about the size of a domestic hen, has an extremely long beak and plumage more like hair than feathers. It has no tail, almost no wings. It weights about 2 kg. The female kiwi lays only one egg, but it is about 1/5th of her own weight. After laying it she leaves her husband to hatch the egg out. The New Zealand dollar is frequently called the Kiwi. The dollar coin features a kiwi bird on one side.

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The first Europeans known to have reached New Zealand were Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman and his crew in 1642. Any thoughts of a longer stay were thrown away when his attempt to land resulted in several of his crew being killed and eaten by Maori.

New Zealand is one of the most recently settled major land masses. The first settlers of New Zealand were Eastern Polynesians who came to New Zealand, probably in a series of migrations, sometime between around AD 800 and 1300. Over the next few centuries these settlers developed into a distinct culture now known as Māori.

No Europeans returned to New Zealand until British explorer James Cook's voyage of 1768. Following Cook, New Zealand was visited by numerous European and North American whaling, sealing and trading ships. They traded European food and goods, especially metal tools and weapons, for Māori timber, food, artifacts and water.

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New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. Under the Royal Titles Act (1953), Queen Elizabeth II is Queen of New Zealand and is represented as head of state by the Governor-General Anand Satyanand . New Zealand is the only country in the world in which all the highest offices in the land have been occupied simultaneously by women: Queen Elizabeth II, Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright, Prime Minister Helen Clark, Speaker of the House of Representatives Margaret Wilson and Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias were all in office between March 2005 and August 2006.

Helen Clark Margaret Wilson

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The Maori people are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Maoritanga is the native language. It is believed that the Maori migrated from Polynesia in canoes about the 9th century to 13th century AD. The Maoris lived in tribes called ‘iwi’. They lived in villages and were fishermen, hunters and framers. The present Maori population has increased to about 250,000 and the Maori live in all parts of New Zealand, but predominately in the North Island where the climate is warmer.

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Maori Art refers to all the traditional arts: whakairo (wood carving); kowhaiwhai (rafter patterns); ta moko (tattooing); waiata (songs and chants); haka (dance); whaikorero (oratory); waka ama (canoe racing), etc.

Wood Carving A Fence Tattoos Waka taua Maori Art

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The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand. The island is 113,729 sq. km in area, making it the world "s 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,148,400. Several important cities are in the North Island: Auckland, and Wellington, the capital. Approximately 76% of New Zealand"s population lives in the North Island.

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Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. The population is about 449,000 people. Wellington is New Zealand's political centre, housing Parliament and the head offices of all government ministries and departments, plus the bulk of the foreign diplomatic missions based in New Zealand.

Te Papa Museum Wellington Parliament Wellington

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Auckland is the largest urban area of ​​the country. With over 1,260,900 people it has over a quarter of the country's population.

Skyline Town Hall Auckland Waterfront Chancery Auckland

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Hamilton is the country's 7th largest city. The population is 187, 960 people. It is in the Waikato region of the North Island. It sits on both banks of the Waikato River. The city is host to a large number of small galleries and the Waikato Museum. Hamilton is home to more than 25,000 students, mostly enrolled in one of the city"s two main institutes, the University of Waikato and Waikato Institute of Technology.

City Plaza Victoria Street Novotel Tainui Hamilton

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Tauranga is the largest city of the Bay of Plenty region. The Population is about 109,100 people. It is the 9th largest city area in the country, and the center of the 6th largest urban area.

View of Town Town Center The House Tauranga

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Rotorua is a town on the southern shore of Lake Rotorua in the Bay of Plenty region. The city has a population of 53,000, of which one third is Māori. Rotorua is well-known for geothermal activity. There are a number of geysers, notably the 20-m Pohutu geyser at Whakarewarewa, and hot mud pools located in the city, which owe their presence to the Rotorua caldera.

Geyser Visitors Center Bath-House Lake Rotorua

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New Plymouth is the port and main city in the Taranaki region. The population is about 49,500 people. The city is a service center for the region"s principal economic activities. It is also a bustling financial center as the home of the TSB Bank.

Govett-Brewster Art Gallery Civil Centre’s Entrance Pakekura Park Striking Candmark New Plymouth

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Gisborne is the name of a unitary authority in New Zealand, being both a region and a district. The population is about 32,700 people. Gisborne is named for an early Colonial Secretary William Gisborne. The council is located in the city of Gisborne.

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Taupo is a small urban area in the center of the North Island. It is the seat of the Taupo District Council. Taupo has a population of 22,300.Taupo is located at the north-east corner of Lake Taupo, and functions as a tourist centre, particularly in the summer, as it offers panoramic views over the lake and the volcanic mountains of Tongariro National Park to the south. One of New Zealand's most spectacular waterfalls, the Huka Falls is also close to the town.

Main Road Huka Falls Taupo

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The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand. The South Island has an area of ​​151,215 sq. km, making it the world's 12th-largest island. It has a population of 991,100. Along its west coast runs the mountain chain of the Southern Alps with Mount Cook being the highest point, 3,754 m.

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Christchurch is the regional capital of Canterbury. The largest city in the South Island, it is also the second largest city and largest urban area of ​​New Zealand. The Population is about 367,700 people. The city is named after the Christ Church cathedral, which is itself named after Christ Church, a college at the University of Oxford, and the Cathedral of Oxford. The city was originally known as Christ Church, the written form consolidating by the 1880s.

College Museum Cathedral Christchurch

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Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island, and the principal city of the region of Otago. The population is about 114,700 people. It is New Zealand's fifth largest city in terms of population. For historical and cultural reasons, Dunedin is considered one of the country's four main centres. The city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbor and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. It is the home of the University of Otago.

Railway Station Dunedin

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The City of Nelson is the administrative center of the Nelson region. The population is about 60,500 people. Nelson received its name in honor of the Admiral Nelson. Nelson is a center for arts and crafts, and each year hosts popular events such as the Nelson Arts Festival.

Cathedral Step Hardy Street Trafalgar Street Nelson

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Queenstown is a picturesque tourist destination located in the South Island. The population of the Queenstown is 9,251. The town is built around an inlet on Lake Wakatipu. Queenstown is the adventure capital of the world. Many tourists flock to the area year round to indulge in activities such as white water rafting, kayaking, jet boating, tandem sky-driving.

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Picton is the gateway to the South Island. The town "s main purpose is to cater for the travelers who arrive or depart the ferry service that runs between both the North and South islands. Picton is a small town, but is busy as travelers prepare to explore the area or strike out further a field to the nearby Nelson or Canterbury regions.The population is about 4,200 people.

Queen Charlotte Sound High Street Picton

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New Zealand's 3rd largest island, Stewart Island is a very special place. The only town is Oban with a population of about 400 people. It is a heaven for native birds' life. The kiwi, rare in both the North and the South Island, is common over much of the island, particularly around beaches. The weather is changeable on the island. Tramping the many tracks, see kayaking, fishing, walking on the bird sanctuary, Ulva Island is some of the exiting things people can do on this island.

Oban Stewart Island

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There are some 70 species of birds found nowhere else in the world, more than a third of them are flightless, and almost a quarter of them nocturnal. Notable New Zealand birds include the Tui, Bellbird, Kiwi, Kakapo, Takahe, and Weka. New Zealand is also home to many seabirds including the Albatross, which has the longest wing span of any bird in the world. The most spectacular of all New Zealand birds was the Moa. Some Moa's reached heights of 15 feet, making them the tallest bird in the world.

Weka Moa Kakapo Takahe Birds

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New Zealand is one of the world's richest bio-diverse flora areas on earth. It is endemic and its extent is enormous. Native trees include Rimu, Totara, Matai, Kahikatea, Rata, Tawa and many species of ferns including some giant tree ferns. Other notable trees include the Cabbage Tree, the Nikau Palm which is New Zealand's only palm tree, and the Giant Kauri, which hold the record for the greatest timber volume of any tree. One of the most noticeable plants is the Pohutukawa which detonates with brilliant red flowers around December.

Cabbage Tree Nikau Palm Pohutukawa Fern Rata Plants

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With the exception of two species of bat, no indigenous mammals are native to New Zealand. Wild mammals include deer, goats, pigs, rabbits, weasels, ferrets. Marine mammals are dolphins, seals and whales. New Zealand contains no snakes and has only one poisonous spider called the Katipo. Other insects include the Weta one species of which may grow as large as a house mouse and is the heaviest insect in the world. New Zealand's most unigue animal is the Tuatara, which is a lizard-like reptile that predates the Dinosaur and is considered a living fossil.

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Geographical location: … Southwest Pacific Ocean Situation: … the North Island and the South Island Capital: … Total area: … square kilometres. Population: …people. First settlers: … Principal towns: … Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington. Principal industries: … wood and paper products, wool, textile, iron, steel. Head of State … Queen … represented by … Birds: … Animals: … National emblems: …

Tell about New Zealand using the chart

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Slides captions:

New Zealand

New Zealand New Zealand is a very interesting country. It has got a total area of ​​269.000 square kilometers. New Zealand is very interesting country. Its total area is 269,000 square kilometers.

Two main islands It is located to the south-east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands(North Island and South Island) and some smaller ones. It is located southeast of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (North Island and South Island) and several smaller ones.

Population Nearly 3.5 million people live in the country. About 3.5 million people live in the country.

The capital The capital of New Zealand Island is Wellington. It is a financial center too. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. It is also a financial center. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865.

Official language The official language is English. The official language is English.

Climate The climate of New Zealand is moist. The climate in New Zealand is humid.

Major industry New Zealand is rich in minerals. There are some major industries in the country, for example, iron and steel industry. The country has gas and petroleum. New Zealand is rich in minerals. The main industry is metallurgy. The country has gas and oil.

Mountains There are many mountains in New Zealand. The highest is Mount Cook (3.764 meters or 12.349 feet). There are many mountains in New Zealand. The highest is Mount Cook. Its height is 3.764 meters or 12.349 feet.

Rivers and lakes There are many rivers and lakes in the country. The chief river is the Waikato. Lake Taupo is the largest lake in New Zealand. The country has many rivers and lakes. The main river is the Waikato. Lake Taupo is the largest lake in New Zealand.

Animals and birds Have you heard about the native animals and birds of the country? One of them is the kiwi. Have you heard about the local animals and birds of the country? One of them is kiwi.

Kiwi This interesting bird lives in the wet pats of the thick bushes. In the day-time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis cannot fly. This interesting bird lives in wet thick bushes. In the daytime, the bird does not go outside. She only comes out at night to find food. Kiwis can't fly.

Kiwi Many years ago kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting of kiwis. The kiwi is now the symbol of New Zealand people. Small children are often called kiwis. Many years ago, kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not allow the hunting of these birds. Kiwi is now the symbol of New Zealand. Small children are often called kiwis.

Independent state New Zealand is an independent state, yet formerly it was a part of the British Empire. The head of the state is the Queen. New Zealand is a self-governing state. New Zealand is an independent state, but was previously part of british empire. The head of state is the Queen. New Zealand is a self-governing state.

Parliament The Parliament consists of one House only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. Parliament consists of only one chamber - the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is the head of government.

Industry New Zealand has got heavy industry. There are many plants in the country. Paper and rubber industries are developed too. New Zealand exports wool, meat, butter. New Zealand has heavy industry. There are many factories in the country. The paper and rubber industries are also developed. New Zealand exports wool, meat, butter.

Big cities There are some big cities as Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin, Nelson. Auckland and Wellington are the main ports of the country. The major cities of the country are Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin, Nelson. Auckland and Wellington are the country's main ports.

Educational and cultural institutions There are educational and cultural institutions in Wellington. They are the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College and others. Victoria University was established in 1897. Wellington has educational and cultural institutions. These are the University of New Zealand, University College Victoria and others. The University of Victoria was established in 1897.

New Zealand New Zealand is a very interesting and beautiful country. New Zealand is a very interesting and beautiful country.

The presentation was prepared by Siroshtanova E.A., MBOU secondary school No. 76, p. Gigant 2014

New Zealand is a very interesting country. It has got total area of ​​269,000 square kilometers. It is located to the south-east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (North Island and South Island) and some smaller ones. Nearly 3.5 million people live in the country. New Zealand is a very interesting country. It has got total area of ​​269,000 square kilometers. It is located to the south-east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (North Island and South Island) and some smaller ones. Nearly 3.5 million people live in the country.

The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. It is a financial center too. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865. The official language Is English. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. It is a financial center too. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865. The official language Is English.

The climate of New Zealand is moist. New Zealand is rich in minerals. There are some main industries in the country, for example, iron and steel industry. The country has gas and petroleum. The climate of New Zealand is moist. New Zealand is rich in minerals. There are some main industries in the country, for example, iron and steel industry. The country has gas and petroleum.

The native animals in the country is the kiwi. This interesting bird lives in the wet parts of the thick bushes. In the day-time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis cannot fly. Many years ago kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting the kiwis. The kiwi is now the symbol of New Zealand people. Small children are often called kiwis. The native animals in the country is the kiwi. This interesting bird lives in the wet parts of the thick bushes. In the day-time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis cannot fly. Many years ago kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting the kiwis. The kiwi is now the symbol of New Zealand people. Small children are often called kiwis.

New Zealand is an independent state, but formerly it is a part of the British Empire. The head of the state is the Queen. New Zealand is a self-governing state. The Parliament consists of one House only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. New Zealand is an independent state, but formerly it is a part of the British Empire. The head of the state is the Queen. New Zealand is a self-governing state. The Parliament consists of one House only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is the head of the government.

New Zealand has got heavy industry. There are many plants in the country. Paper and rubber industries are developed too. New Zealand exports wool, meat, butter. New Zealand has got heavy industry. There are many plants in the country. Paper and rubber industries are developed too. New Zealand exports wool, meat, butter.

There are some big cities such as Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dune-din, Nelson. Auckland and Wellington are the main ports of the country. There are some big cities such as Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dune-din, Nelson. Auckland and Wellington are the main ports of the country.

There are some educational and cultural institutions in Wellington. They are the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College and others. Victoria University was established in 1897. There are some educational and cultural institutions in Wellington. They are the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College and others. Victoria University was established in 1897.

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Presentation students of the 7th "A" class MBOU secondary school №2 Vladivostok Shibanova Alexandra Teacher: Maltseva G.N. 2013

New Zealand

New Zealand- state in the southwestern part Pacific Ocean. The capital is the city of Wellington. The population is 4,377,000 people. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the North Island was often referred to by the natives of Aotearoa, which can be translated as "the country of the long white cloud."

Story

The pioneers were immigrants from Polynesia. The Maori have preserved legends about the navigator Kupe, who made the first trip to these islands in the middle of the 10th century. He was the first to enter these shores, which were then uninhabited.

European period

On February 6, 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed. The treaty became the basis for creating conditions conducive to cooperation and development of relations between European settlers and Maori tribes.

New Zealand took an active part in the First World War. 16,697 New Zealanders were killed in action and another 41,317 were wounded. Already on September 3, 1939, New Zealand announced its entry into World War II.

Modern history

In 1954, New Zealand joined the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. In 1987, New Zealand declared the territory a nuclear-free zone. Today, New Zealand continues to develop as an independent democratic country and an active participant in international economic and political relations.

State-political structure

Since February 6, 1952, Queen Elizabeth II has been on the throne. Her official title is Elizabeth II, by the grace of God the Queen of New Zealand and her other kingdoms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Protector.

New Zealand is a unitary state based on the principles of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The system of government is based on the principle of the Westminster model of parliamentarism.

Governor General

The interests of the monarch in the country are represented by the Governor-General, who is appointed for a five-year term. The main duty of the Governor General is to represent the interests of the monarch, and his functions are limited to the role of guarantor of constitutional rights, ceremonial duties and social activity.

Since August 2011, Jerry Mateparae has been Governor General.

Head of the government

Basic rights of the prime minister:

The right to determine the agenda of the meetings of the House of Representatives

Power to present to the Governor-General candidates for appointment and dismissal from their ministerial positions

The right to appoint and dismiss the Deputy Prime Minister

The right to ask the Queen to the Governor-General to propose a date for new elections to Parliament

Since 2008, John Kay (Prime Minister).

Judicial system

The main judicial body is the Supreme Court of New Zealand. There are 66 district courts in New Zealand. The country has a system of specialized judicial institutions - the Family Court, the Youth Court, the Environmental Court, the Labor Law Court and a number of others.

The head of the Judiciary is the Queen.

State symbols

National emblem

State symbols

State flag

State symbols

National anthem

National anthem

Two national anthems are recognized in New Zealand - "God Defend New Zealand" and "God Save the Queen".

The text "God Defend New Zealand" was written in 1870 by Thomas Bracken. The text of the anthem "God Defend New Zealand" consists of five verses. The original text is written in English, the official version also has a Maori translation.

God Defend New Zealand

God of Nations at Thy feet

In the bonds of love we meet

Hear our voices, we entreat

God defend our free land

Guard Pacific's triple star

From the shafts of strife and war

Make her praises heard afar

God defender New Zealand

Men of ev'ry creed and race

Let our love for them increase

Gather here before Thy face

May Thy blessings never cease

Give us plenty, give us peace

Asking Thee to bless this place

God defend our free land

God defend our free land

From dissension, envy, hate

From dishonor and from shame

And corruption guard our State

Guard our country's spotless name

Crown her with immortal fame

Make our country good and great

God defender New Zealand

God defender New Zealand

May our mountains ever be

Peace, not war, shall be our boast

Freedom's ramparts on the sea

But should our foes assail our coast

Make us faithful unto Thee

Make us then a mighty host

God defend our free land

God defend our free land

Guide her in the nations" van

Lord of battles, in Thy might

Teaching love and truth to man

Put our enemies to flight

Let our cause be just and right

Working out Thy Glorious plan

God defender New Zealand

Relief

The relief represents hills and mountains. More than 75% of the country's territory lies at an altitude of more than 200 m. The coastal zones of the North Island are represented by spacious valleys. Fjords are located on the western coast of the South Island.

Climate

New Zealand's climate varies from warm subtropical in the north of the North Island to cool temperate in the south and central regions of the South Island; in mountainous areas, a harsh alpine climate prevails. Precipitation level is from 600 to 1600 millimeters per year. The average annual temperature is from +10 °C in the south to +16 °C in the north. The coldest month is July , and the warmest months - January and February.

In Wellington, the average annual temperature is +12.8 °С. The level of solar radiation is very high in most of the country. Snowfalls are extremely rare.

Minerals

Only deposits are industrially developed gas, oil, gold, silver, iron sandstone and coal. There are extensive stocks limestone and clay. Aluminum, titanium iron ore, antimony, chromium, copper, zinc, manganese, mercury, tungsten, platinum, heavy spar and a number of other minerals.

outer seas

Inland waters

The length of the coastal strip of New Zealand is 15,134 km. The area of ​​the sea zone is 4,300,000 km².

New Zealand has many rivers and lakes. Most of the rivers are short. There are 33 rivers in the country with a length of more than 100 km and 6 rivers with a length of 51 to 95 km.

There are two permanent sea currents in New Zealand - warm East Australian and the course of the West Winds.

In New Zealand 3 280 lakes with area more than 0.01 km², 229 lakes - more than 0.5 km² and 40 - more than 10 km². largest lake countries - Taupo (area 623 km²), the deepest lake is Hauroko (depth - 462 m).

There are 700 small islands in the coastal waters.

Soils

The soils of the country are not very fertile. Soil types: Mountain soil types Brown-gray soil types Yellow-gray soil types Yellow-brown soil types

Kakapo or owl parrot

Kiwi bird

Animal world

With the arrival of the first inhabitants, rats, dogs, pigs, cows, goats, mice and cats appeared on the islands. In New Zealand, the most famous birds are: Kiwi, kea, kakapo, takahe. Only in New Zealand are the remains of giant flightless moa birds. 200 years ago, the largest species of eagles, the Haast eagle, was exterminated. Among the reptiles, the tuatara and skink can be noted. The European hedgehog is the only representative of insectivores. There are no snakes in New Zealand. There are 40 species of ants.

Vegetation

Forests are divided into two types - mixed subtropical and evergreen. The forests are dominated pedicels. Grown in artificial forests Pine radiata .New Zealand has the largest number liver mosses (606 species). Widespread leafy mosses (523 species). 70 known species forget-me-nots. Only two species of these plants are blue. - Myosotis antarctica and Myosotis capitata. Found in New Zealand a large number of ferns. Cyathea silvery is one of the generally accepted national symbols.

Ecology

The country has created 14 national parks, 4 marine parks, 21 marine and coastal reserves and over 3,000 reserves. The country operates several zoos and botanical gardens , the largest of which is, opened in 1922 and containing on its territory more than 170 species of animals, the Auckland Zoo.

Natural disasters

Canterbury earthquake (2010)

A strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.1 occurred on September 4 at 4:35 local time. The epicenter was located 40 km west of Christchurch, near the town of Darfield.

Canterbury earthquake (2011)

An earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred on February 22, 2011 off the coast of New Zealand. 147 people died.

The problem of the ozone layer

New Zealand is very strong. ultraviolet radiation. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in New Zealand. 67 thousand cases of this disease are registered annually. The number of patients with melanoma in New Zealand and Australia is about four times higher than in Canada, the USA and the UK.

New Zealand cities

Population

Largest cities

1 294 000

Auckland

Wellington

Christchurch

Hamilton

Dunedin

Tauranga

Palmerston North

hastings

Nelson

Napier

Rotorua

New Plymouth

Whangarei

Invercargill

Wanganui

Gisborne

Outer Islands of New Zealand

Tokelau

Tokelau came under administration in 1926 from Great Britain, which had annexed the islands 10 years earlier. It is currently a non-self-governing territory under the administrative control of New Zealand.

Cook Islands

The Cook Islands became a dependent territory in June 1901 through an annexation approved by the New Zealand Parliament in September-October 1900.

Ross Territory

The territory of Ross came under control in 1923 from Great Britain, it was then that the boundaries of these territories were determined and the lands and islands included in them were specified. Scott and McMurdo Science Bases are the only year-round inhabited bases in the area.

Niue

Niue became a dependent territory in 1901. In 1975, the country gained independence, and since then, in accordance with the provisions of its own constitution, it has been a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand.

Modern history

In 1840, Great Britain and the Maori signed the Treaty of Waitangi, in accordance with the provisions of which the Maori transferred New Zealand under the trusteeship of Great Britain, but retained their property rights, and Great Britain received the exclusive right to purchase land from them.

Maori family

Early 60s 19th century the number of Maori and the number of Europeans in New Zealand it turned out about equal - about 60,000 people. In 1987, the Maori language became one of the official languages New Zealand.

Maori settlement

Communication languages

English language is the main language of communication, and 96% of the country's population use it as such.

Maori language

Maori was granted official language status in 1987. Its use became mandatory in the names of government departments and institutions, and its use without restrictions became possible for employees and visitors of all government services, in courts, in public hospitals, and also in units of the armed forces.

New Zealand Sign Language

In 2006, New Zealand Sign Language was given the status of the country's third official language. New Zealand Sign Language is a naturally occurring language used by deaf or hard of hearing people and for the purpose of communication.

In addition, representatives of another 171 language groups live in the country. The most spoken languages ​​after English and Maori are Samoan, French, Hindi and Chinese. Russian language and others Slavic languages little used due to the small population for which these languages ​​are native.

Economy

New Zealand - a developed country with a market economy system, which is based on Agriculture, processing and food industry and tourism. The country's economy is export-oriented. The main trading partners are Australia, USA, Japan, China.

New Zealand is a member of a number of international and regional economic organizations. Among the most influential are the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Trade Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the International Energy Agency.

Agriculture

Industrial products animal husbandry, horticulture, winemaking and viticulture, forestry have become one of the main items of the national economy.

Industrial livestock of sheep was in 2005 more than 40 million heads ; number of cattle - 8.6 million heads, of which 4.2 million heads are dairy herds ; the farm population of deer in the same year amounted to 1.6 million heads.

Industrial fishing

Industrial fishing plays a big role in the life of New Zealanders and in the development of the country's economy.

The country's fishermen are commercially harvesting more than 130 species of fish and other marine resources. The most important among them are the New Zealand macrouronus, snapper, hoplostet, squid, bigfin jakas, hake, spiny lobster and a number of others. About 90% of the caught fish and seafood are intended for export.

Energy

The energy sector of the New Zealand economy is based on the use of oil and gas products, electricity and geothermal energy. Due to the country's non-nuclear status, nuclear power is not used in New Zealand, and there are no plans for its introduction. Geothermal energy is actively used. Alternative sources of electricity generation are represented by wind farms in 2006. The country continues to actively develop wind energy, doubling the generating volume of wind farms in 2007 compared to 2006 figures.

international trade

The geographic isolation of New Zealand, the limitations of its own industrial base and its remoteness from the main world markets have forced throughout the history of its development to pay great attention to foreign trade and international economic cooperation. The main export sectors of the country's economy are traditionally considered to be agriculture, fishing and seafood processing, timber and woodworking industries. The main trading partners of the country are Australia, USA, Japan.

Tourism and related industries are becoming more and more important elements of the New Zealand economy every year. The location of the country and the beauty of its nature, combined with high level services, the convenience of transport structures and the development of active programs to attract tourists to the country favor this.

In 2006, the country was visited by a record number of tourists in its entire history - 2,422,000 people. At the same time, on average, each tourist spent 20 days in the country.

Transport

The length of the country's railway lines is 3898 km. The inland waterways of the country have lost their former importance as transport arteries, but to this day 1609 km are suitable and partially used for river navigation. The country has 113 airports and airfields. The largest airport is Auckland, which receives about 11 million passengers a year.

Communication and communications

Already in 1840, the postal service began to operate in the country, and in 1862 the first telegraph line was laid. In 1877, the first telephone line appeared in the country. Since 1906, radio stations began to work. In 1960, the first television station appears. Satellites have been used since 1971. In 1985, all higher educational institutions were connected to a single computer network. In 1993, the country received permanent access to the Internet.

Culture and society

Traditional Maori wood carving

Art

Literature

Maori culture during longer period writing did not have its development, therefore literary creativity came to New Zealand only with the arrival of European settlers. The traditional genre of New Zealand literature is story and novel. The most famous by Katherine Mansfield and Janet Frame.

Cinematography

Every year the number of films shot in the country is increasing. Received special notoriety The Lord of the Rings trilogy , motion pictures "The Last Samurai", "The Chronicles of Narnia . A lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe» ,"The Chronicles of Narnia. Prince Caspian" "Xena - the Queen of Warriors" and a number of others . Among the brightest representatives of the New Zealand film industry, it should be noted film director Peter Jackson, screenwriter and filmmaker Jane Campion, Craig Parker actors Sam Neill and Russell Crowe , actresses Keisha Castle-Hughes and Lucy Lawless.

Architecture

One of the most interesting architectural monuments is the development of the central part of the city of Napier.

The most famous example of modern New Zealand architecture and building technology is built in 1997 in Auckland. Sky Tower TV. Tower height-328 m and this is the tallest building.

Maori traditional art

Ta-moko - body and face tattoo is one of the oldest cultural traditions of the Maori, which came into their history at the first steps of the development of the people. For a long time the presence moko was a symbol of social status and people of the lower social stratum were not allowed to have a tattoo on their face , although tattoo elements on the body could be allowed to them. For men traditional was considered application of moko on the face, buttocks and thighs . Women could be tattooed on the lips and cheeks.

Capa khaka - one of the most significant elements of Maori culture, which includes a system of dances, facial expressions and movements, accompanied by singing. The kapa haka is considered to be the basis of modern New Zealand dance art. Dance traditions of kapa haka include several directions - poi - female dance and haka - male dance. Haka entered everyday life and is an attribute of state and public ceremonies.

Mass media

In 2006 in the country 20 daily newspapers were published . The largest is the New Zealand Herald, published circulation over 195,000 copies . In addition, the country produces another 126 newspapers. In 2006 year in the country about 230 magazines were published . The largest are magazines Skywatch and New Zealand Women's Day. Their circulations are over 500,000 and 130,000 copies.

largest television company countries is national Television New Zealand . The company broadcasts on two nationwide TV ONE and TV2 channels . Programs conducted 24 hours a day, 7 days a week . Broadcasting is available almost throughout the country.

National State radio began its programs in the early 1930s of the XX century , and the first independent radio stations became appeared only in the 1960s . National radio broadcasting is carried out Radio New Zealand Te Reo Irirangi o Aotearoa .Radio channel Māori Radio broadcasts in the Maori language and was established in 1989 .on this channel There are 21 radio stations.

The science

Royal Society of New Zealand - is the National Academy of Sciences and unites in its ranks about 60 research and technology centers.

Traditionally, the priorities are medical research, biology, biochemistry, agricultural research and forestry, engineering and social sciences, Antarctic research. The largest observatory is Mount John University Observatory .

Ernest Rutherford

Museums

First Museum has already been formed in the country in 1852. They became one from the largest museums in the country Auckland Military History Museum. The largest museum in the country is located in Wellington National Museum of New Zealand , better known as Te Papa . The history of this museum began in 1865, but in its present form the museum was opened to the public in 1998. It receives about 1.3 million visitors annually.

Holidays and memorable days

nationwide holiday

new year celebration

Waitangi Day

last Friday before Easter Sunday

Good Friday

Easter Sunday

with church calendar

first Monday after Easter

Monday of Bright Week

Queen's birthday

Labor Day

4th Monday in October

Christmas

Boxing Day

Mothers Day

2nd Sunday in May

fathers day

1st Sunday of September

National symbols

The generally accepted national symbols of the country are kiwi birds and silver cyathea plant.

Kiwi has become a daily self-designation and an international national nickname for New Zealanders.

Along with the kiwi bird, silver fern images are popular and frequently used in the graphics of New Zealand national brands and logos.

Kitchen

Modern New Zealand cuisine is fundamentally a combination of international culinary schools with strong influences from traditional British cuisine. Among the most popular dishes are still fish and chips , peculiar and common mainly in Australia and New Zealand meat pie , pavlova cake . Traditional Maori cuisine is practically not represented in the daily diet of New Zealanders, although some products are famous Maori, for example sweet potato became widespread throughout the population.

Education

Education system: pre-school institutions free primary secondary school education system higher education

Police

New Zealand Police - a system of state law enforcement countries for the protection of public order and the fight against crime.

The first police force in New Zealand was formed in 1840 from six British constables sent to the country.

New Zealand police officers do not usually carry firearms and carry only batons and gas canisters. Since 2007, police officers have been given the right to use electric shock weapons. Police units or police officers armed with firearms are used only for special tasks.

The national police emergency number is 111.

Interesting Facts

In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to grant equal voting rights to women.

From March 2005 to August 2006, New Zealand was the only country in the world in which all the highest government positions were held by women:

head of state - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II,

Governor General - Sylvia Cartwright,

Prime Minister - Helen Elizabeth Clark

Speaker of Parliament - margaret wilson,

Chief Justice - Sian Elias.

Thaumatauakatangiangakoauauotamateaturipukakaapikimaungahoronukupokanuenuakitanatahu - the name of a low mountain on the North Island, one of the longest place names in the world. "The top of the hill where Tamatea, the big-kneed man who rolled, climbed, and swallowed mountains, known as the earth-eater, played his nose flute for his beloved"- so translated, from the Maori language, this low mountain. The word consists of 85 letters and is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. Often the locals call the hill simply "Taumata".

Notable New Zealanders

Ernest Rutherford - scientist, known as the "father" of nuclear physics and the creator of the planetary model of the atom. Laureate Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1908).

Katherine Mansfield - novelist writer.

Gene Batten - a female pilot who set several world records in the range and speed of solo flights in the 1930s.

Edmund Hillary - explorer and climber, the first person (1953), who conquered the highest peak in the world, Everest.

Colin Murdoch - pharmacist, invented and patented the disposable plastic syringe in 1956.

Bruce McLaren - famous race car driver, vice-world champion of Formula 1 in 1960, founder of the McLaren racing team.

Danny Hume - the first New Zealand Formula One world champion.

Kiri Te Kanawa - opera singer, sang the aria at the wedding of Prince Charles and Diana Spencer.

Martin Campbell - director who gained fame for creating the films "The Mask of Zorro", "The Legend of Zorro", "Golden Eye".

Sam Neill - film and television actor .

Brian Boyd - literary critic, literary theorist, author of the biography of Vladimir Nabokov.

Peter Jackson - film director who became world famous after the release of the film trilogy "The Lord of the Rings".

Lord of the Rings

Genre

Russian Epic,Fantasy,Adventure,Drama,Action .

Producer

Peter Jackson

Producer

Peter Jackson, Barry M. Osborne, Fran Walsh, Mark Ordesky.

Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Stephen Sinclair .

In the main cast

Elijah Wood, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Ian McKellen, Andy Serkis, Orlando Bloom, Liv Tyler, Sean Bean, Cate Blanchett, Bernard Hill, Billy Boyd, John Rhys-Davies, Miranda Otto, Dominic Monaghan, Hugo Weaving, Christopher Lee, Ian Holm, David Wenham, John Noble, Karl Urban, Brad Dourif.

Operator

Andrew Lesnie

Composer

Howard Shore

Duration

558 minutes, 683 minutes (extended version)

Language

English, Sindarin

2001-2003

Year

Film trilogy "The Lord of the Rings" - a series of three related the same movie plot.

The films in the trilogy are:

2001 - The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

2002 - The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

2003 - The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

The plot of the trilogy follows the hobbit Frodo Baggins, who goes on a campaign with the Fellowship of the Ring to destroy the Ring of Power. This is necessary for the final victory over its creator, the Dark Lord Sauron. The Brotherhood breaks up, and Frodo continues his journey with his faithful companion Sam and the treacherous guide Gollum. Meanwhile, Aragorn, heir to the throne of Gondor, and the wizard Gandalf unite the Free Peoples of Middle-earth to oppose the armies of Sauron in the War of the Ring.

The films have won 17 Oscars out of 30 nominations.

Peter Jackson's first acquaintance with The Lord of the Rings happened while watching the cartoon of the same name by Ralph Bakshi. He subsequently read the book during a twelve-hour train ride from Wellington to Auckland.

Project development

In mid-1997, Jackson and Walsh began writing the script with Stephen Sinclair. Sinclair's partner, Philippa Boyens, joined the writers after reading their draft. It took 13-14 months to write the scripts for the two films, which were 147 and 144 pages long.

The three films do not correspond exactly to the three parts of the book, but rather are a three-part adaptation. Frodo's journey is the main storyline, Aragorn is the main one of the other storylines, and some episodes that do not contribute to the development of these two lines were not included. Even during filming, the script continued to evolve, thanks in part to the input of the actors as they explored their characters.

Creation

Jackson brought in longtime collaborator Richard Taylor to work on the five design elements: weapons, armor, makeup, creatures, and miniatures. In November 1997, famed Tolkien illustrators Alan Lee and John Howe joined the project. Most of the characters in the films are based on the images they created. Production designer Grant Major was given the task of converting Lee and Howe's designs into architecture, creating models of the sets.

Was created 48,000 pieces of armor, 500 bows and 10,000 arrows. It was also made 1800 hobbit feet for main actors, a lot of artificial ears, noses and heads.

filming

The shooting process for all three films took place simultaneously in many areas, including reserves and national parks in New Zealand, for 438 days. Additional filming was carried out annually from 2001 to 2004. The trilogy was filmed by seven crews in over 150 different locations, as well as on sets near Wellington and Queenstown.

Mounting

Jackson used different editors for each film. John Gilbert worked on the first film, Michael Horton on the second, and Jamie Selkirk on the third. "The Two Towers" has always been recognized by the creators as the most difficult film to edit, as "it had no beginning and end", and there was an additional problem of combining different storylines.

Music

In August 2000, a Canadian composer was invited to write music for the films of the trilogy. Howard Shore. He created a large number of musical themes for various characters, cultures and countries - there are, for example, themes for the Shire, Gondor, Rohan and the Fellowship of the Ring. Music mainly performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra with Ben Del Maestro, Enya, René Fleming, James Galway, Annie Lennox and Emilian Torrini. Songs also performed actors Billy Boyd, Viggo Mortensen, Ian Holm, Dominic Monaghan, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler and Miranda Otto.

"The Hobbit"

first movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was released December 14, 2012. the second film, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, will be released on December 13, 2013, and a third film, The Hobbit: There and Back Again, will be released on July 18, 2014. Actors such as Ian McKellen, Andy Serkis, Hugo Weaving, Elijah Wood, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Cate Blanchett and Orlando Bloom reprized their roles from The Lord of the Rings.

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New Zealand

New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands (the North Island and the South Island) and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/ Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. In Maori, New Zealand has come to be known as Aotearoa , which is usually translated into English as The Land of the Long White Cloud . The Realm of New Zealand also includes the Cook Islands and Niue, which are self-governing but in free association; Tokelau; and the Ross Dependency (New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica). New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from Australia to the northwest by the Tasman Sea, approximately 2000 kilometers (1250 miles) across. Its closest neighbors to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga.

The population is mostly of European descent, with the indigenous Maori being the largest minority. Non-Maori Polynesian and Asian people are also significant minorities, especially in the cities. Elizabeth II, as the Queen of New Zealand, is the Head of State and, in her absence, is represented by a non-partisan Governor-General. The Queen "reigns but does not rule"; she has no real political influence. Her position is largely symbolic. Political power is held by the democratically-elected Parliament of New Zealand under the leadership of the Prime Minister, who is the Head of Government.

New Zealand comprises two main islands (called the North and South Islands in English, Te-Ika-a-Maui and Te Wai Pounamu in Maori) and a number of smaller islands located near the center of the water hemisphere. The total land area, 268,680 square kilometers (103,738 sq mi), is a little less than that of Italy and Japan, and a little more than the United Kingdom. The country extends more than 1600 kilometers (1000 miles) along its main, north-north-east axis, with approximately 15,134 km of coastline. The most significant of the smaller inhabited islands include Stewart Island/ Rakiura ; Waiheke Island, in Auckland's Hauraki Gulf; Great Barrier Island, east of the Hauraki Gulf; and the Chatham Islands, named Rekohu by Moriori. The country has extensive marine resources, with the seventh-largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world, covering over four million square kilometers (1.5 million sq mi), more than 15 times its land area.

The South Island is the largest land mass of New Zealand, and is divided along its length by the Southern Alps, the highest peak of which is Aoraki/Mount Cook at 3754 meters (12,316 ft). There are eighteen peaks over 3000 meters (9800 ft) in the South Island. The North Island is less mountainous than the South, but is marked by volcanism. The highest North Island mountain, Mount Ruapehu (2797 m / 9176 ft), is an active cone volcano. The dramatic and varied landscape of New Zealand has made it a popular location for the production of television programs and films, including the Lord of the Rings trilogy, The Last Samurai and the Power Rangers series.

Because of its long isolation from the rest of the world and its island biogeography, New Zealand has extraordinary flora and fauna. About 80% of the flora in New Zealand occurs only in New Zealand, including more than 40 endemic genera. The two main types of forest are those dominated by podocarps and/or the giant kauri, and in cooler climates the southern beech. The remaining vegetation types in New Zealand are grasslands of tussock and other grasses, usually in sub-alpine areas, and the low shrublands between grasslands and forests.

Until the arrival of humans, 80% of the land was forested. Until 2006, it was thought, barring three species of bat (one now extinct), there were no non-marine native mammals. However, in 2006, scientists discovered bones that belonged to a long-extinct, unique, mouse-sized land animal in the Otago region of the South Island. New Zealand's forests were inhabited by a diverse range of megafauna, including the flightless birds moa (now extinct), and the kiwi, kakapo and takahe, all endangered by human actions. Unique birds capable of flight include the Haast's eagle, which was the world's largest bird of prey (now extinct), and the large kaka and kea parrots. Reptiles present in New Zealand include skinks, geckos and living fossil tuatara. There are four endemic species of primitive frogs. There are no snakes and there is only one venomous spider, the katipo, which is rare and restricted to coastal regions. insect in the world.

New Zealand has led the world in island restoration projects where offshore islands are cleared of introduced mammalian pests and native species are reintroduced. Several islands located near the three main islands are wildlife reserves where common pests such as possums and rodents have been eradicated to allow the reintroduction of endangered species to the islands. A more recent development is the mainland ecological island.

Sport has a major role in New Zealand's culture; this is particularly the case with rugby union. Other popular sports include cricket, netball, basketball, lawn bowling, soccer and rugby league. Also popular are golf, tennis, cycling, field hockey , skiing, snowboarding, softball (Men's International Softball Federation World Champions, 1996, 2000, 2004) and a variety of water sports, particularly surfing, sailing, whitewater kayaking, surf lifesaving skills and rowing. In the latter, New Zealand enjoyed an extraordinary magic 45 minutes when winning four successful gold medals at the 2005 world championships. The country is internationally recognized for performing well on a medals-to-population ratio at the Olympic Games and Commonwealth Games. Equestrian sportsmen and sportswomen make their mark in the world, with Mark Todd being chosen international "Horseman of the Century". Other internationally famous New Zealand sportspeople include cricket player Sir Richard Hadlee, rugby player Jonah Lomu, sailor Sir Peter Blake and 2005 US Open golf tournament winner Michael Campbell.

Rugby union is closely linked to New Zealand's national identity. The national rugby team, the All Blacks, has the best record of any national team. They hosted and won the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987, and will host the 2011 Rugby World Cup The haka, a traditional Maori challenge, is traditionally performed by the All Blacks before the start of international matches.

Cricket is regarded as New Zealand's main summer sport, and the New Zealand cricket team (known as "The Black Caps") usually ranks in the top four teams in the world in both test cricket and the shorter one day forms of the game . Netball is New Zealand "s most prominent women" s sport, and the New Zealand national team, the Silver Ferns, have been world champions on several occasions. New Zealand is one of the leading nations in world yachting, especially open-water long -distance or round-the-world races. In inshore yachting, Team New Zealand won the America's Cup regatta in 1995 and successfully defended it in 2000.

New Zealand is regarded by some as a haven for extreme sports and adventure tourism. Its reputation in extreme sports extends from the establishment of the world"s first commercial bungee jumping operation in Auckland in 1986; its roots in adventure tourism can be traced all the way back to Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1953.