The Soviet army suffered huge losses during the Great Patriotic War. And it's scary to imagine how many more people would have died without the help of partisans, many of whom risked not only themselves, but also the lives of their loved ones for the sake of victory in a bloody war.

According to some estimates, from 1941 to 1944, about 6.2 thousand partisan detachments operated behind enemy lines, the number of which exceeded 1 million people. During the war years, they inflicted serious damage on the enemy: 20,000 train wrecks, 2,500 destroyed locomotives, 42,000 blown up cars, 12,000 bridges, 6,000 tanks and armored vehicles withdrawn and built, 1,100 blown up aircraft and about 600 thousand destroyed soldiers and officers.

On the Day of Partisans and Underground Workers, we decided to recall the names of people who influenced the outcome of the Great Patriotic War.

"Red October"

Tikhon Pimenovich Bumazhkov

Tikhon Pimenovich Bumazhkov is considered the organizer of one of the first partisan detachments. In June 1941, a meeting was convened in the Oktyabrsky District Committee of the Byelorussian SSR, at which Bumazhkov announced the German attack and called on citizens to join forces to repel the enemy. At the same time, a "destruction squad" was formed, called "Red October".

Bumazhkov's memoirs indicate that the group initially consisted of 80 fighters. Having broken up into platoons, they began military training: they learned camouflage and the use of weapons, acquired the “necessary sapper knowledge”, stocked up on bottles of fuel to destroy tanks, mined bridges and dug trenches.

Interacting with the Red Army, they struck at the rear of the enemy. One of the most memorable operations was the battle of Bobruisk. The goal of "Red October" was the enemy headquarters, located in the village of Ozemlya. The plan was as follows: to open fire from the armored train and at the same time block all roads from the village so that the enemy could not flee. The operation was successful. The partisans captured prisoners, two radio stations, important documents, and about a hundred pieces of equipment. Unfortunately, Bumazhkov died a few months after this operation. He died in November 1941, breaking out of the encirclement near the village of Orzhitsa.

Kovpakovtsy

Sidor Artemievich Kovpak

There is hardly a commander of a partisan detachment whom the Germans feared in the same way as Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak. The courage of the military was noted during the First World War. For participation in the Brusilov breakthrough, Emperor Nicholas II awarded him two St. George crosses. Nevertheless, in 1917, Kovpak chose the other side and joined the Red Army.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Kovpak led the Putivl partisan detachment, which inspired fear in the ranks of the enemy. One of the first clashes with the Germans took place in the Spadshchansky Forest. After the loss of three tanks, which Kovpak's group captured, almost 3,000 German soldiers with the support of artillery went on the offensive. The battle lasted for a day, but Soviet partisans, despite the superior forces of the enemy, repelled all attacks. The Germans retreated, leaving Kovpak with weapons and machine guns as trophies.

The most famous campaign of the Kovpakovites took place in June 1943. The Carpathian raid took place in difficult conditions: the detachment, being behind enemy lines, was forced to move across open areas without cover and support. During the raid, the partisans traveled about 2,000 km. Almost 4,000 Germans were wounded or killed, and 19 echelons, over 50 bridges and warehouses were blown up. The campaign of the Kovpakovites greatly helped the troops fighting on Kursk Bulge. Thanks to the partisan operation, the Germans lost the supply of equipment and troops, which provided our troops with an advantage in the battle.

During the Carpathian raid, Kovpak was wounded in the leg. The Soviet authorities decided not to risk the health of the commander, and he no longer participated in hostilities. For his service he received the title of Hero Soviet Union and became one of two partisans to receive this award twice.

"Kovel knot"

Alexey Fedorovich Fedorov

The second commander of the partisan detachment, twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, was Alexei Fedorov. By March 1942, his group had 16 battles, during which about a thousand Germans were destroyed, several dozen bridges, five echelons, five warehouses were blown up and two factories were captured. Thanks to these merits, in May of the same year, Fedorov was awarded the first title of Hero of the USSR, and at the beginning of 1943, under his leadership, there were already 12 partisan detachments, the number of which was over 5 thousand people.

One of the most important partisan operations during the war was the Kovel Knot mission. For eight months, Fedorov's detachment managed to destroy 549 enemy echelons with ammunition, fuel, equipment on the lines of the Kovel railway junction and thus deprive the enemy of reinforcements.

In 1994, Fedorov was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR for the second time. In total, he participated in 158 battles, destroyed over 650 echelons, eight armored trains, 60 fuel and ammunition depots.

Underage guerrilla

Monument to Leonid Golikov

At the start of the war, Leonid Golikov was only 15 years old. A thin boy, who many did not give even 14 years old, walked around the villages, collected information about the location of the Germans and passed it on to the partisans. A year later, he himself joined the detachment. In total, Golikov participated in 27 combat operations, destroyed 78 Germans, 12 highway bridges and blew up nine vehicles with ammunition.

The most famous feat of Golikov was accomplished on August 13, 1942. Together with other partisans, he blew up the car in which the German Major General Richard Wirtz was sitting. The documents found in the car were handed over to the Soviet headquarters: they contained diagrams of minefields, Wirtz's reports and other important papers.

However, Golikov did not live to see the end of the war. In January 1943, the detachment, in which the young man was, was hiding from the German troops. They found shelter in the village of Ostraya Luka, located not far from the German garrison. Not wanting to attract attention, the partisans did not post sentries. But among the inhabitants there was a traitor who revealed to the enemy the location of the detachment. Some of the soldiers managed to escape from the encirclement, but Golikov was not among them.

Diversion in the cinema

Photo: Wikipedia.org/Ostrogolovy archive

Konstantin Alexandrovich Chekhovich

Konstantin Chekhovich became the author of one of the largest acts of sabotage carried out during the war. In August 1941, he, along with four comrades, went behind enemy lines. However, the operation failed: four were killed, and Chekhovich was captured. Nevertheless, he managed to escape and contact the Soviet command, which instructed him to infiltrate the Germans in the occupied city of Porkhov.

There he met his future wife, who bore him a son. First, Chekhovich was engaged in repairing watches, then got a job as an electrician at a local power plant, and later received a position as an administrator at a local cinema. The famous sabotage occurred in November 1943 during a screening of the film "Circus Artists". On that day, the cinema was visited by 700 Germans, among whom were two generals. None of them suspected that the supporting columns and the roof of the building were mined. Few survived the explosion. For this operation, Chekhovich was presented to the title of Hero of the USSR.

The tragedy of Old Man Minai

Minai Filippovich Shmyrev

In July 1941, Minai Filippovich Shmyrev, who at that time headed the Pudot cardboard factory, formed a partisan detachment from the workers. In a few months, they engaged the enemy 27 times and inflicted significant damage on the enemy troops. But the main exploits followed a year later, when Shmyrev, known by the nickname Old Man Minai, together with the partisans, drove the Germans out of 15 villages. Around the same time, under his command, the so-called Surazh Gates were created, which was a 40-kilometer zone through which weapons and food passed.

In February 1942, Shmyrev experienced a personal tragedy. The Germans captured the commander's sister, mother-in-law (his wife died before the war) and four young children, promising to keep them alive if he surrendered. Shmyrev was in despair: locality, in which his relatives were kept, was fortified, so he could not go on the assault. And even if he decided to take such a step, there was a great risk that his relatives would still be executed.

The captives did not hope that the invaders would keep their word, so they prepared for the worst. Shmyrev's eldest daughter wrote a note and, with the help of a security guard, gave it to her father. “Dad, worry about us, don’t listen to anyone, don’t go to the Germans. If you are killed, then we are powerless and we will not avenge you. And if they kill us, dad, then you will avenge us, ”the 14-year-old girl wrote.

Shmyrev failed to save his loved ones - the Germans fulfilled their threat.

RELATED MORE

The Day of Partisans and Underground Workers appeared in the calendar of memorable dates relatively recently. This year, the partisans and underground workers who defended the Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War will be remembered separately only for the fourth time*.

* In accordance with the amendments made by the President of the Russian Federation to Article 11 federal law"On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia" On April 11, 2009, the Day of partisans and underground fighters was included in the list of memorable dates and received official status.

Partisans and underground fighters of the Second World War are remembered on June 29 because it was on this day of the tragic 1941 that the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks issued a Directive addressed to party and Soviet organizations operating in the front-line regions of the country about the need to create an organized partisan resistance. The directive prescribed: "create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army in the areas occupied by him ..., create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue them at every turn and destroy, disrupt any of their activities."

The contribution of detachments of partisans - “fighters of the invisible front”, operating underground, literally under the nose of a cunning and bloodthirsty enemy, to the Victory won by our people cannot be overestimated. Thanks to the selfless actions of the Soviet partisans, the Nazis literally burned the ground under their feet. From the very beginning of the war against our country, the invader, unpunished and insolent from his European successes, could not feel safe day or night. Neither in the forest, nor in the field, nor in the occupied large city, nor in a small village in the rear - everywhere the complacent calm of the Nazis was violated by the noble revenge of the Soviet partisans, inspiring them with fear and awe before the unbending Russian spirit. The colossal material damage inflicted on the enemy by the actions of Soviet partisans, coupled with the strong moral pressure exerted on the rear of the enemy, brought the day of the Great Victory closer.

All of Belarus, Bryansk, Smolensk and Orel, many regions of Ukraine, Crimea and the southern regions of the RSFSR were covered by a well-organized partisan struggle. Grateful descendants will forever remember the names of the twice heroes of the Soviet Union, leaders of the partisan movement Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak and Alexei Fedorovich Fedorov, hundreds of heroes who died in battle and were torn to pieces in fascist dungeons, thousands of brothers, sons, husbands and fathers who laid down their lives for the Fatherland and for their friends in the forests and swamps of Belarus, in the Kuban estuaries, the Donetsk steppes and on the hills of the Crimea.

Eternal memory to the fallen partisan heroes! Good health and good spirits to the living participants in the heroic struggle!

Partisan movement time and again proved its effectiveness during the wars. The Germans were afraid of the Soviet partisans. "People's avengers" destroyed communications, blew up bridges, took "languages" and even made weapons themselves.

History of the concept

Partizan is a word that came into Russian from Italian, in which the word partigiano denotes a member of an irregular military detachment, enjoying the support of the population and politicians. Partisans fight with the help of specific means: warfare behind enemy lines, sabotage or sabotage. hallmark guerrilla tactics is covert movement through enemy territory and a good knowledge of the terrain. In Russia and the USSR, such tactics have been practiced for centuries. Suffice it to recall the war of 1812.

In the 1930s, in the USSR, the word "partisan" acquired a positive connotation - only partisans who supported the Red Army were called that. Since then, in Russia this word has been exclusively positive and is almost never used in relation to enemy partisan groups - they are called terrorists or illegal military formations.

Soviet partisans

Soviet partisans during the Great Patriotic War were controlled by the authorities and performed tasks similar to those of the army. But if the army fought at the front, then the partisans had to destroy enemy lines of communication and means of communication.

During the war years, 6,200 partisan detachments worked in the occupied lands of the USSR, in which about a million people took part. They were controlled by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement, developing coordinated tactics for scattered partisan associations and directing them towards common goals.

In 1942, Marshal of the USSR Kliment Voroshilov was appointed to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the partisan movement, and they were asked to create a partisan army behind enemy lines - the German troops. Despite the fact that the guerrillas are often thought of as randomly organized units of the local population, the "people's avengers" behaved in accordance with the rules of strict military discipline and took the oath like real soldiers - otherwise they would not have survived in the brutal conditions of war.

Life of partisans

The worst of all for the Soviet partisans, who were forced to hide in the forests and mountains, was in winter. Before that, not a single partisan movement in the world had faced the problem of cold - in addition to the difficulties of survival, the problem of camouflage was added. In the snow, the partisans left traces, and the vegetation no longer hid their shelters. Winter dwellings often harmed the mobility of partisans: in the Crimea, they built mostly ground dwellings like wigwams. In other areas, dugouts predominated.

Many partisan headquarters had a radio station, through which he contacted Moscow and transmitted news to the local population in the occupied territories. With the help of radio, the command ordered the partisans, and they, in turn, coordinated air strikes and provided intelligence information. [S-BLOCK]

There were also women among the partisans - if for the Germans, who thought of a woman only in the kitchen, this was unacceptable, then the Soviets in every possible way agitated the weaker sex to participate in the partisan war. Female scouts did not fall under the suspicion of enemies, female doctors and radio operators helped with sabotage, and some brave women even took part in hostilities. It is also known about officer privileges - if there was a woman in the detachment, she often became the "camping wife" of the commanders. Sometimes everything happened the other way around and wives instead of husbands commanded and intervened in military matters - the higher authorities tried to stop such a mess.

Guerrilla tactics

The basis of the tactics of the "long arm" (as the Soviet leadership called the partisans) was the implementation of reconnaissance and sabotage - they destroyed the railways through which the Germans delivered trains with weapons and products, broke high-voltage lines, poisoned water pipes or wells behind enemy lines.

Thanks to these actions, it was possible to disorganize the rear of the enemy and demoralize him. The great advantage of the partisans was also that all of the above did not require large human resources: sometimes even a small detachment could implement subversive plans, and sometimes one person. When the Red Army advanced, the partisans struck from the rear, breaking through the defenses, and unexpectedly thwarted the enemy's regrouping or retreat. Prior to this, the forces of the partisan detachments were hiding in the forests, mountains and swamps - in the steppe regions, the activities of the partisans were ineffective.

Particularly successful guerrilla war was in Belarus - forests and swamps hid the "second front" and contributed to their success. Therefore, the exploits of the partisans are still remembered in Belarus: it is worth remembering at least the name of the Minsk football club of the same name. With the help of propaganda in the occupied territories, the "people's avengers" could replenish the fighting ranks. However, partisan detachments were recruited unevenly - part of the population in the occupied territories kept their nose to the wind and waited, while other people familiar with the terror of the German occupiers were more willing to join the partisans

rail war

The "Second Front", as the German invaders called the partisans, played a huge role in the destruction of the enemy. In Belarus in 1943 there was a decree “On the destruction of the enemy’s railway communications by the method of rail warfare” - the partisans were supposed to wage the so-called rail war, undermining trains, bridges and spoiling enemy tracks in every possible way.

During the operations "Rail War" and "Concert" in Belarus, the movement of trains was stopped for 15-30 days, and the army and equipment of the enemy were also destroyed. Undermining enemy formations even in the face of a shortage of explosives, the partisans destroyed more than 70 bridges and killed 30,000 German fighters. On the first night of Operation Rail War alone, 42,000 rails were destroyed. It is believed that over the entire period of the war, the partisans destroyed about 18 thousand enemy units, which is a truly colossal figure.

In many ways, these achievements became a reality thanks to the invention of the partisan craftsman T. E. Shavgulidze - in field conditions, he built a special wedge that derailed trains: the train ran into a wedge, which was attached to the tracks in a few minutes, then the wheel was rearranged from the inside to the outside rail, and the train was completely destroyed, which did not happen even after the explosions of mines.

Guerrilla gunsmiths

The guerrilla brigades were mainly armed with light machine guns, machine guns and carbines. However, there were detachments with mortars or artillery. The partisans were armed with Soviets and often captured weapons, but this was not enough in the conditions of war behind enemy lines.

The partisans launched a large-scale production of handicraft weapons and even tanks. Local workers created special secret workshops - with primitive equipment and a small set of tools, however, amateur engineers and technicians managed to create excellent examples of parts for weapons from scrap metal and improvised parts. [S-BLOCK]

In addition to repair, the partisans were also engaged in design work: “A large number of improvised mines, machine guns and partisan grenades have an original solution for both the entire structure as a whole and its individual components. Not limited to inventions of a "local" nature, the partisans sent to mainland a large number of inventions and rationalization proposals.

The most popular handicraft weapons were homemade PPSh submachine guns - the first of them was made in the Razgrom partisan brigade near Minsk in 1942. The partisans also made "surprises" with explosives and unexpected varieties of mines with a special detonator, the secret of which was known only to their own. "People's Avengers" easily repaired even undermined German tanks and even organized artillery battalions from repaired mortars. Partisan engineers even made grenade launchers.

I have never thought about it before, but I involuntarily have to think about it.

On June 29, 1941, the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was issued to the party and Soviet organizations of the front-line regions, which indicated the need to create partisan detachments: “in areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army ..., create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every step, disrupt all their activities.

The contribution of detachments of partisans - "fighters of the invisible front", operating underground literally under the nose of a cunning and bloodthirsty enemy, to the Victory won by our people cannot be overestimated. Thanks to the selfless actions of the Soviet partisans, the Nazis literally burned the ground under their feet. From the very beginning of the war against our country, the invader, unpunished and insolent from his European successes, could not feel safe day or night. Neither in the forest, nor in the field, nor in an occupied large city, nor in a small village in the rear - everywhere the complacent calm of the Nazis was violated by the noble revenge of the Soviet partisans. The colossal material damage inflicted on the enemy by the actions of Soviet partisans, coupled with the strong moral pressure exerted on the rear of the enemy, brought the day of the Great Victory closer.

All of Belarus, Bryansk, Smolensk and Orel, many regions of Ukraine, Crimea and the southern regions of the RSFSR were covered by a well-organized partisan struggle. Grateful descendants will forever remember the names of the twice heroes of the Soviet Union, leaders of the partisan movement Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak and Alexei Fedorovich Fedorov, hundreds of heroes who died in battle and were torn to pieces in fascist dungeons, thousands of brothers, sons, husbands and fathers who laid down their lives for the Fatherland in forests and swamps Belarus, in the Kuban estuaries, the Donetsk steppes and on the hills of the Crimea.

As is known from historical documents, the actions of the partisans and the work of the underground played a huge role in the successful outcome of the Great Patriotic War. In total, more than one million partisans operated behind enemy lines - men, women, teenagers. Probably the most famous name was the name of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who was brutally executed by the Nazis in the first year of the war. More than a million fascists were destroyed, wounded and captured by partisans and their accomplices, more than four thousand tanks and armored vehicles, 65 thousand vehicles, 1100 enemy aircraft were destroyed. In mass operations, 1,600 railway bridges were destroyed and damaged, and more than 20,000 railway echelons of the Nazi troops were derailed.

At present, many documents telling about the true feat of partisans and underground fighters during the war years are still kept in state archives under the heading "Top Secret". Perhaps the introduction of this "military" memorable date lead to research and discovery unknown pages partisan glory. And there is no doubt that the establishment of the Day of Partisans and Underground Workers will be a tribute to the deep respect for the lives and feats of people, thanks to whom the Motherland was liberated in 1945.

Eternal memory to the fallen partisan heroes! Good health and good spirits to the living participants in the heroic struggle!
HOLIDAY!!!

Good day to all the regulars of the site! On the line is the main regular Andrey Puchkov 🙂 (just kidding). Today we will reveal a new extremely useful topic for preparing for the exam in history: let's talk about the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War. At the end of the article you will find a test on this topic.

What is a partisan movement and how was it formed in the USSR?

A guerrilla movement is a type of action by military formations behind enemy lines to strike at enemy communications, infrastructure facilities and enemy rear formations to disorganize enemy military formations.

In the Soviet Union in the 1920s, the partisan movement began to form on the basis of the concept of waging war on its own territory. Therefore, shelters and secret strongholds were created in the border strips for the deployment of a partisan movement in them in the future.

In the 1930s, this strategy was revised. According to the position of I.V. Stalin, the Soviet army will conduct military operations in a future war on enemy territory with little bloodshed. Therefore, the creation of secret support partisan bases was suspended.

Only in July 1941, when the enemy was advancing rapidly and the battle of Smolensk was in full swing, did the Central Committee of the Party (VKP (b)) issue detailed instructions for creating a partisan movement for local party organizations in the already occupied territory. In fact, at first, the partisan movement consisted of local residents and selected from the "cauldrons" of the Soviet army.

In parallel with this, the NKVD ( People's Commissariat Internal Affairs) began to form destroyer battalions. These battalions were supposed to cover parts of the Red Army during the retreat, disrupt the attacks of saboteurs and military parachute forces of the enemy. Also, these battalions joined the partisan movement in the occupied territories.

In July 1941, the NKVD also organized the Special Purpose Motorized Rifle Brigade (OMBSON). These brigades were recruited from first-class military personnel with excellent physical training capable of conducting effective combat operations in enemy territory in the most difficult conditions with a minimum amount of food and ammunition.

However, initially the OMBSON brigades were supposed to defend the capital.

Stages of formation of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War

1. June 1941 - May 1942 - the spontaneous formation of the partisan movement. Mostly in the territories of Ukraine and Belarus occupied by the enemy.
2. May 1942-July-August 1943 - from the creation of the Main Headquarters of the partisan movement in Moscow on May 30, 1942 to the systematic large-scale operations of Soviet partisans.
3. September 1943-July 1944 - the final stage of the partisan movement, when the main parts of the partisans merge with the advancing the Soviet army. On July 17, 1944, partisan units parade through the liberated Minsk. Partisan units formed from local residents begin to demobilize, and their fighters are drafted into the Red Army.

Functions of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War

• Collection of intelligence data on the deployment of Nazi military formations, on the military equipment and military contingent at their disposal, etc.
• Perform sabotage: disrupt the transfer of enemy units, kill the most important commanders and officers, cause irreparable damage to enemy infrastructure, etc.
• Form new partisan detachments.
• Work with the local population in the occupied territories: to convince the Red Army to help, to convince that the Red Army will soon liberate their territories from the Nazi occupiers, etc.
• Disorganize the enemy's economy by buying goods with counterfeit German money.

The main figures and heroes of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War

Despite the fact that there were extremely many partisan detachments and each had its own commander, we will list only those that can be found in USE tests. Meanwhile, the rest of the commanders deserve no less attention.

People's memory, because they gave their lives for our relatively serene life.

Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev (1898 - 1954)

He was one of the key figures in the formation of the Soviet partisan movement during the war years. Before the war, he served in the Kharkov branch of the NKVD. In 1937, he was fired for keeping in touch with his older brother, who had become an enemy of the people. Miraculously escaped execution. When the war began, the NKVD remembered this man and sent him near Smolensk to form a partisan movement. The group of partisans led by Medvedev was called "Mitya". Subsequently, the detachment was renamed the "Winners". From 1942 to 1944, Medvedev's detachment carried out about 120 operations.

Dmitry Nikolayevich himself was an extremely charismatic and ambitious commander. The discipline in his detachment was the highest. The requirements for the fighters exceeded the requirements of the NKVD. So at the beginning of 1942, the NKVD sent 480 volunteers from the OMBSON units to the “Winners” detachment. And only 80 of them passed the selection.

One of these operations was the elimination of the Reichskommissar of Ukraine, Erich Koch. Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov arrived from Moscow to complete the assignment. However, a little later it became clear that it was impossible to liquidate the Reichskommissar. Therefore, the task was revised in Moscow: it was instructed to destroy the head of the Reichskommissariat, Paul Dargel. This was done only on the second attempt.

Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov himself carried out numerous operations and died on March 9, 1944 in a shootout with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Nikolai Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak (1887 - 1967)

Sidor Artemyevich went through several wars. Participated in the Brusilov breakthrough in 1916. Prior to that, he lived in Putivl and was an active political figure. At the time of the outbreak of the war, Sidor Kovpak was already 55 years old. In the very first clashes, Kovpak's partisans managed to capture 3 German tanks. Kovpak's partisans lived in the Spadshchansky forest. On December 1, the Nazis launched an attack on this forest with the support of artillery and aircraft. However, all enemy attacks were repulsed. In this battle, the Nazis lost 200 soldiers.

In the spring of 1942, Sidor Kovpak was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as a personal audience with Stalin.

However, there were also failures.

So in 1943, the operation "Carpathian raid" ended with the loss of about 400 partisans.

In January 1944, Kovpak was awarded the second title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1944

The reorganized troops of S. Kovpak were renamed the 1st Ukrainian partisan division named after

twice Hero of the Soviet Union S.A. Kovpak

Later we will post the biographies of several more legendary commanders of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War. So that subscribe to new articles site.

Despite the fact that numerous operations were carried out by Soviet partisans during the war years, only the two largest of them appear in the tests.

Operation Rail War. The order to start this operation was given on June 14, 1943. It was supposed to paralyze railway traffic on enemy territory during the Kursk offensive operation. To do this, the partisans were transferred significant ammunition. About 100 thousand partisans were involved in the participation. As a result, movement on enemy railways decreased by 30-40%.

Operation "Concert" was carried out from September 19 to November 1, 1943 on the territory of occupied Karelia, Belarus, Leningrad region, Kalinin region, Latvia, Estonia and Crimea.

The goal was the same: the destruction of enemy cargo and the blocking of railway transport.

I think from all of the above, the role of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War becomes clear. It has become an integral part of the conduct of military operations by units of the Red Army. The partisans performed their functions admirably. Meanwhile in real life there were a lot of difficulties: from how to determine for Moscow which detachments are partisan and which are pseudo-partisan, and ending with how to transfer weapons and ammunition to enemy territory.