Partisan movement in Crimea - partisan traffic on the territory of the Crimean ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. Composite part of the Soviet partisan movement in the occupied territory of the USSR. Work on the organization of the partisan movement, the formation of partisan detachments and underground organizations was launched after the start of the war. Until the occupation of the Crimea on the basis of the fighter battalions, 24 partisan detachments were formed, in the first days after the occupation, their number increased due to the influx of military personnel. As of November 10, 1941, 27 partisan detachments were already in Crimea; As of November 20, 1941, 28 partisan detachments, which consisted of 3734 people (of which 1316 servicemen) for the immediate leadership of the underground and partisan traffic in the beginning of October 1941, the underground center was formed in Kerch.

On October 23, 1941, the headquarters of the partisan movement of Crimea, the head of the headquarters, became Colonel A. V. Mokrusov, Commissioner - S. V. Martynov.

The whole territory of Crimea was conditionally divided into six partisan districts:

· 1st area (old-Crimean forests, surroundings of Sudak and Old Crimea): Theodosia, old-Crimean, Sudak and Kirov partisan detachments operated here;

· 2nd area (Zui and Karasubazar forests): Karasubazar, Janka, Ichkinsky, Kolaysk, Seitler, Zui, Biyuk-Onlars, and Krasnoarmeysky squad number 2 and Krasnoarmeysky squad number 2 were operated here.

· 3rd area (State Reserve): Alushta, Evpatoria, Simferopol Detachment No. 2 operated here 2, Simferopol Detachment No. 3.

· 4th district (Bakhchisaraya and Yalta district): Bakhchisarai, Yalta, Ak-Moody, Ak-Sheikh, and Krasnoarmeysky detachment No. 5 operated here.

· 5th district (surroundings of Sevastopol): Sevastopol and Balaklava detachments operated here;

· 6th district (Kerch Peninsula): There were three detachments under the general command of I.I. Pakhomov

· * Detachment. IN AND. Lenin (Commander M.N. Majorov, Commissioner S.I. Cherkez) - In Adzhimushki quarries

· Detachment them. IN AND. Stalin (commander A.F. Zyabrev, Commissioner I.Z. Kotko) - in old-quarantine quarries

· Detachment of the Mak-Sali district (commander I.G. Shulga, Commissioner D.K. Tkachenko

Commanders and commissioners of partisan regions and detachments: V. I. Nikanorov, V. I. Black, A. A. Omeryov, E. D. Kiselev, N. D. Lurova, 3. F. Alimenov, I. M. Bortnikov, V. V. Krasnikov, I. G. Genov.

In the partisan movement, communists, Komsomol members, pioneers and schoolchildren were actively involved. In total, during the war years, 1974 Communist and 2416 Komsomol residents fought on the territory of the Germal Councils in the Crimean ASSRA. As part of the Sevastopol detachment was 15-year-old Vilor Chekmak. On November 10, 1941, while at the dosor at the village of Alsu, he noticed the approaching punishers and warned a squad shot from the signaling rocket, after which he accepted a battle alone. When the cartridges ended, Vilor submitted the fascists to himself and the grenade blew himself together with the enemies.

On November 28, 1941, the commander of the 11th Army of the Wehrmacht General E. Von Manstein announced that the partisans operating in the Crimea "became a real threat". The next day, on November 29, 1941, he gave an order for the army "On the organization and methods of fighting partisans", in accordance with which a special headquarters were established on the organization of anti-Paintisan actions. Headquarters received broad powers, as well as a significant amount of troops to solve the tasks headquarters.

In December 1941, German-Romanian troops began the first large-scale anti-partisan operation.

After on December 26, 1941, the landing parts of the Red Army landed on the Kerch Peninsula, the Crimean partisans assisted the army parts, attacking the enemy garrisons, arranging ambushes on communications, occupying and holding defensive positions near the landing sites.

On January 5, 1942, a landing land in Evpatoria was planted from the ships of the Black Sea Fleet, at the same time the uprising began in the city, to which the partisans joined. The paratroopers and the rebels managed to take most of the city, but the storm began to plant reinforcement. The German command was forced to distract to the fight against the landing regiment and two battalions who participated in the siege of Sevastopol, but the battles in Evpatoria continued until January 8, 1942.

In early 1942, 33 underground organizations and groups (about 400 people) operated in the occupied territories (about 400 people).

The growth of the network of underground organizations revealed the need to coordinate their activities, as a result of April 1942, the Crimean Committee of the WCP (b) I. G. Genov was approved by the authorized underground struggle in Crimea. In order to expand underground activities in April 1942, from among the fighters and commanders, partisan detachments were selected, approved and sent to cities and areas of the organizer, which created 37 underground organizations and groups in 72 settlements (126 people). Created additionally underground organizations in Simferopol, Feodosia and Karasubazar.

By the summer of 1942, 63 underground organizations and groups acted in Crimea (about 600 people).

Since mid-1942, a steady radio communication has been established with the Crimean partisans and the air transportation began. The supply of Crimean partisans was carried out by airplanes of the 1st air transport division of the GVF USSR.

By the end of the summer of 1942, the German military-political leadership decided to create a propaganda headquarters in the Crimea to enhance the influence on the population of the peninsula. On September 5, 1942, the 2nd separate platoon was highlighted from the "Ukraine" propaganda battalion, which became the basis for the headquarters of the Propaganda "Crimea" in Simferopol (in the future, began to act in the subordination of the headquarters in Evpatoria, Dzhankoy , Feodosia, Yalta and Sevastopol).

On October 2, 1942, the decision of the Crimean Regional Committee of the WCP (b) the underground party center was created as part of R. Mustafaeva, I. G. Genova and N. D. Lugovoy, which was entrusted with the leadership of underground party organizations and partisan traffic in the Crimea as well Conducting agitation and organizational and mass work with the population.

In order to improve the leadership of partisan detachments by order of the CSPD of July 8, 1942, the Crimea ACS has been disbanded.

The leadership of the partisan movement in the North Caucasus and in Crimea was entrusted to the South Agens of the Military Council of the North Caucasus Front created on August 3, 1942. In August - September 1942, the partisan command was sent from detailed work to the city and villages of about 400 partisans.

By early 1943, 106 underground organizations and groups were conducted in Crimea (over 1300 people)

In June 1943, the Crimean headquarters of the partisan movement was created by the head of which V. S. Bulatov was appointed.

In August 1943, the Crimean Obkom adopted a resolution "On the work of the regional underground center in Crimea", in which the activities of partisans and underground workers were positively evaluated, new tasks were made. The ruling has played an important role in expanding the fight against the occupiers.

Over October - December 1943, over 5600 people entered partisan detachments. 7 partisan brigades were created, then combined in 3 compounds:

· North (com. P. R. Yampolsky)

· South (com. M. A. Macedonian)

· Eastern (com. V. S. Kuznetsov).

In the fall of 1943, the partisans committed sabotage on the railways, defeated a number of large garrisons.

With the beginning of the Crimean offensive operation, the partisans of the Crimea have activated actions:

· The Northern Partisan Union was operated on the roads of Simferopol - Alushta and Simferopol - Karasubazar, only from April 8 to April 13 held over 50 battles.

· The southern joint was led by the fights on the roads Simferopol - Bakhchisarai - Sevastopol, on the southern coast of Crimea, together with the Soviet troops participated in the liberation of Yalta, Bakhchisaraya.

· The Eastern Union acted on the highway Simferopol - Feodosia and Feodosia - Sudak, together with the units of the Soviet Army participated in the liberation of the old Crimea and other settlements.

On April 13, 1944, the military personnel of the 279th rifle division, parts of the 19th tank corps, partisans (17th and 19th partisan detachments of the 1st partisan brigade) and the undergrounders freed Simferopol.

On the same day, April 13, 1944, the soldiers of the 227th Rifle Division, the 257th separate tank regiment and the partisans of the 3rd brigade of the Eastern Partisan compound were released by the Old Crimea.

Also, on April 13, 1944, the guerrillas of the 2nd Brigade of the Northern Partisan Connection took the city of Karasubazar and held it before the Soviet troops approach.

On April 15, 1944 parts of the 16th Rifle Corps and the 7th Brigade of the Southern Partisan Union (1st, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th partisan detachments) were released by Yalta.

On the same day, on April 15, 1944, parts of the 26th motorized rifle brigade, the 19th Tank Corps and the 4th Brigade of the Southern Partisan compound were liberated by Alushta.

During the Crimean offensive operation, Crimean partisans had considerable assistance to the advancing Soviet troops.

From November 1, 1941 to April 16, 1944, Crimean Soviet partisans and underground workers held 3226 shares against troops, communications and enemy facilities (including 252 battle, 1632 diversions and communications operations, 349 ambuses and attacks, 163 diversions and railways operations, 824 attacks on motor vehicles and summies); undermined, they were allowed to sleep and burned 79 echelons and 2 armored trains (total, 48 steam locomotives and 947 wagons and platforms were destroyed); destroyed 29383 soldiers and police officers (and another 3872 captured); Three railway stations, three power plants, two radio stations, 25 military warehouses, three railway and 52 highway bridges, 112.8 km of telephone cable and 6.6 km power lines; 13 tanks, 3 armored car, 211 guns, 1940 cars, 83 carts.

In addition, they captured 201 cars, 40 tractors, 2627 horses, 542 wagons, 17 guns, 250 machine guns, 254 automaton, 5415 rifles, ammunition and other military property. Also, they beat off 1019 heads of cattle, 6661 sheep and 609 tons of food.

Also, the Crimean partisans and underground workers were engaged in political work with the population: they produced 4 newspapers ("Crimean partisans", "For the Soviet Crimea", "Crimean Pravda", "for their homeland"), as well as leaflets, appeals and appeals. In total, the period of the occupation of the partisans and the underground workers of the Crimea released 213 names of newspapers and leaflets with a total circulation of more than 3 million copies.

Over 3 thousand partisans and underground workers (including 1500 participants of the partisan movement) were awarded the orders and medals of the USSR, the head of the Sevastopol underground V. D. Revyakin awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

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Class hour on the topic: "Parisans and undergrounders Crimea" prepared: Ibrahimova A.R. GBPOU RK "Dzhankii Professional Technical School" 2016

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The purpose of the lesson: to expand the knowledge of students on the history of the Great Patriotic War, show its aggressive nature, attract the attention of students to work on the organization of partisan movement and underground organizations in Crimea.

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Young people today existing in a different world - modern, pragmatic, full loneliness, indifference and struggle for the "place under the sun" - sometimes it may be difficult to understand how our fathers and grandparents loved their time, as happy, despite the difficulties of pre-life, As they fought for their homeland, do not regret your life.

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What do we know about the partisan front in the deep rear occupied by the fascists of the Crimea? People did not know and could not know how long, this war will be heavy. But from the first hours they knew that these were their war, folk. The Motherland was in danger, and they walked on her defense, not expecting anyone orders, without requiring promotion and awards. The partisan movement would be impossible if in the very peoples there were no readiness, determination and strength.

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Partisans are a fighting people, and it is impossible to win the people! The partisan movement in the Crimea could not stop either mass plaids with fascists, nor the blockade with the involvement of large compounds of all kinds of troops, nor solid batteries of the Hitlerians of the Crimean Forests. Crimean partisans had to act in an exceptionally severe environment, which was caused by the geographical position of the peninsula.

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Crimean partisans were not vulnerable: brave and brave, vigilant and used flexibility during combat operations, unexpected forms of struggle for invaders were used. They were not the only one who led a courageous struggle with the fascists. In the years of occupation there were about 200 underground organizations around the peninsula. The underground workers of the capital of the Crimea, which created more than 15 groups and organizations. Representatives of the underground groups have penetrated the enterprises of the city: to the canning plant, power plants, to the city hospital, in the station station at the railway station, on the car repair plant.

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Partisans and undergrounders in the Crimea The whole territory of Crimea was conditionally divided into six partisan districts: the 1st area (Old-Crimean forests, the surroundings of Sudak and the old Crimea): Theodosiy, old-Crimean, Sudak and Kirov partisan detachments operated here; 2nd area (Zui and Karasubazar forests): Karasubazar, Dzhaksky, Ikhansky, Kolaysk, Seitler, Zui, Biyuk-Onlarsk, and Krasnoarmeysky Detachment No. 1 and Krasnoarmeysky detachment number 2. 3rd area (State Reserve) : Alushta, Evpatoria, Simferopol Detachment No. 2, Simferopol Detachment No. 3. 4th District (Bakhchisaraya and Yalta District): The Bakhchisaray, Yalta, Ak-Moody, Ak-Sheikh, and Krasnoarmeysky Detachment No. 5. 5 were operating. District (surroundings of Sevastopol): Sevastopol and Balaklava detachments operated here; 6th district (Kerch Peninsula): There were three squads under the general command of I. I. Pakhomov

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Commander of the Central Headquarters Partisan Crimea Colonel M. T. Lobov and Commissioner of the Northern Connection Partisan N. D. Lugovaya with members of the headquarters for the analysis of a combat operation. August 1942

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Number. In total, in 1941-1944, 62 partisan detachments operated on the Crimean Peninsula (over 12,500 fighters), 220 underground organizations and groups (over 2500 people). At the end of 1943, a group of Slovak soldiers, who was commanded by Lukyanov, was passed on the Soviet partisans, who was commanded by I. Belko, and the Romanian anti-fascist participants - the military personnel of the Romanian army, who passed on the side of the partisans: in early April 1942 deserted and entered In the Bakhchisarai detachment, five Romanian soldiers of the 2nd Romanian Mainstrelkoy Division on November 9, 1943 in the area of \u200b\u200bZyu (22 km east of Simferopol) voluntarily surrendered to the partisans of 10 Romanian soldiers led by an officer, in the future they remained in the detachment on November 14, 1943 The two Romanian soldiers were transferred to the partisans of the 4th Partisan Brigade, they were enrolled in the 5th Brigade Detachment

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The supply of partisans received the help that the fleets of Fadeev and Nikolay Kalmykov were delivered by airplanes on October 18, 1942 on the aircraft Y-2 delivered to the Crimean partisans, several bags of superstars and a bag of leaflets 8th separate aviation regiment of the GVF in 1943 committed in the area of \u200b\u200bCrimean partisans 71 Departure and transported 29 people and 3.1 tons of cargo 9th separate aircraft regiment GVF, providing Crimean partisans, in 1943 made 100 departures to the area of \u200b\u200bthe Crimean partisans, and the departures made the 1st Aviation-Transport Division

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The results during the Crimean offensive operation of Crimean partisans had a significant assistance to the advancing Soviet troops from November 1, 1941 to April 16, 1944, Crimean Soviet partisans and underground workers held 3226 shares against troops, communications and enemy facilities (including 252 battle, 1632 diversions and operations for communications, 349 ambushes and attacks, 163 diversions and operations on railways, 824 attacks on motor vehicles and summies); They undermined, they were allowed to sleep and burned 79 echelons and 2 armored trains (total, 48 steam locomotives and 947 cars and platforms were destroyed; destroyed 29,383 soldiers and police officers (and 3872 captured); three railway stations], three power plants ], two radio stations, 25 military warehouses, three railway and 52 highway bridges \\, 112.8 km of telephone cable and 6.6 km power lines 13 tanks, 3 armored vehicles, 211 guns, 1940 cars, 83 carts. In addition, they captured 201 Automobile, 40 tractors, 2627 horses, 542 carts, 17 guns, 250 machine guns 254 automaton, 5415 rifles, ammunition and other military property. Also, they beat 1019 cattle heads, 6661 sheep and 609 tons of food. Also, Crimean partisans And the underground workers were engaged in political work with the population: they produced 4 newspapers ("Crimean partisans", "For the Soviet Crimea", "Crimea Pravda", "For Motherland"), as well as leaflets, appeals and appeals. Total for the occupation period The artisans and underground workers of the Crimea have released 213 names of newspapers and leaflets with a total circulation of more than 3 million copies. Over 3 thousand partisans and underground workers (including 1500 participants in the partisan movement were awarded the orders and medals of the USSR, the head of the Sevastopol underground V. D. Revyakin awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

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Memory inscription on the stove: "Connections of Crimean partisans. North, South, Eastern. Partisans and underground workers fought with German-Romanian occupiers and their accomplices from 1941 to 1944. "

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And we will repeat again tirelessly: no need for war, we do not need war. We wish everyone only a peaceful sky, and loved ones never lose, so that there was enough warm bread, and so that such war we no longer see.

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Heavy battles, losses of combat friends, Lucky "Negrim" frosts, hunger - did not break the spirit of Soviet partisans and underground workers. Nothing prevented them, patriots, this courageous, inexperienced people bring their job to the Great Victory over the invaders.

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Memory \\ Memorable sign "Partisan Cap" - on the Angarsk Pass [Obelisk Glory Guerisans of the Crimea (the city of Old Crimea, in the square on the street. Lenin) - was established in 1961. Olderly underground workers and partisans are buried in the square. Monument to partisans and underfronts of the Crimea (the authors - the sculptor N. D. Solchezchenko and the architect E. V. Popov) - Open on May 9, 1978 in the city of Simferopol, on the Kyiv Street, in the Peace Park. At an altitude of 1025, the historical partisan gun-three-tummy sample of 1902 is installed as a monument, from which the partisans conducted fire on punishers on July 24-25, 1942. The names of the Crimean partisan compounds are immortalized on a memorial plate at a tank-monument to the liberators of Simferopol in the Victory Square in Simferopol Literature and sources

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Partisans are undergrounders ... Great \\ Partisans-undergrounders of the Crimea, passed through many difficulties you: the death of the bloody sting, the death of loved ones, relatives to you. For the feats of your brave, for loyalty, fighting to the end, we will be a courage to remember everything and in our hearts you always! I accept gratitude, War Veteran, War I have enveloped, Crimea, War, that not lasting the guest came, wars, that in life, in the heart passed!

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On May 9, 1978, in Simferopol on the Kyiv Street, in front of the Mir cinema building, a monument to partisans and underground workers was opened (the authors - the sculptor N. D. Soloschenko, architect E. V. Popov). At a high pedestal - a sculptural composition depicting two patriots. One of them is wounded, but supported by a comrades in arms, remains in the ranks. The monument symbolizes the unreleased courage of Soviet people, which are in the fight against fascism, their dedication to their socialist homeland.

Crimean partisans

The expanses of the Crimean Peninsula entail people from all over the world with their beauty and charm. And the lonely monuments of Potals remind us that it was not always so quiet here. 70 years ago, the Great Patriotic War ended, but in the memory of the people she will remain forever. As the memory of the partisans and the undergrounders of the Crimea will remain forever.

On October 25, 1941, the fascists broke through Soviet defensive barriers and entered the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Back in August 1941, it was decided to form partisan detachments from the multinational Crimean population - these were doctors and teachers, winemakers, workers, and 10 thousand were joined. demoralizedmilitary. Many had to refuse illness or by age. Such people were left in cities for underground work and for communication with the forest.

October 23, 1941 was created Crimea headquarters, headquarters head became Colonel A.V. Mokrousov, Commissioner - S. V. Martynov.

The fascists have already occupied Simferopol when the partisans only came to the places of their deployment. From the memories of Seversky George Leonidovich, the head of the 3rd partisan district: "80% of the population did not profit at the place of dislocation of the partisan district. For unknown reasons, dozens of prescribed political workers, commanders and hundreds of fighters did not arrive. Militia workers, fire team "did not appear.

Through the forests in November 1941, they made themselves to Sevastopol retreating our parts, units. More than a thousand sailors and soldiers joined the partisans. They brought weapons.

As of November 10, 1941, 5 partisan districts were created in Crimea, 27 partisan detachments; As of November 20, 1941, 28 partisan detachments, which consisted of 3734 people (of which 1316 servicemen). It is thanks to patriotic tuned fighters that the partisan movement of the Crimea was formed.

In the hard-to-reach places of the Crimean Mountains of the Yalta district, Burle - Kos, the sigh was held the battles of the Crimean partisans with German-Romanian troops. Participants of those events that, unfortunately, are no longer alive, but their memories and stories remain in the memory of new generations: Ivan Nergovic, Ilya Zakharovich Vergasov, Nikolai Ivanovich Dementiev, Andrei Andreyevich Sermul.

In November 1941, enemy detachments with appliances reached out to the deposited Sevastopol. The partisans opposed the invasion of the enemy: undermined cars, attacked small enemy groups, bridges exploded, forcing the enemy to act only during the day.

From the memories of Dementieva Nikolai Ivanovich,the commander of the 6th squad of the 4th Brigade of the Southern Union, which was the way from the ordinary to the commander: We attacked small groups, 7-8 people, beat in the center of the fascist column, watched this 2-3 minutes and went into the forest. "

Vergasov Ilya Zakharovichhe told how the bars were made, what losses were German, and I would gladly report: "And we have no losses!"

From the combat reports of those years: "1 passenger car destroyed, 1 motorcycle, 15 German officers." "Were in sabotage, let the train with a technique coming from Simferopol in Sevastopol."

Such lightning events brought success because immediately the partisans went to the forest, where the invaders were afraid to go. The German-Romanian command understood that without experienced conductors, it was impossible to fight with the guerrillas. Therefore, the service for the Germans went "Local". Immediately the food warehouses were destroyed, 70-80% of food hidden in cache. (Ch. 5. "Food Losses"). At the first collisions, the partisans lost 40-45 people killed and up to 20 disappeared.

Already in December 1941, hunger began in partisan detachments. From the local population, the Germans have formed voluntary punitive detachments that blocked the exit partisans to settlements. Pocked partisans due to the mined food as a result of the operation. First of all, food was given to the wounded and sick partisans.

From the memories of N.I. Dementieva: "5 days have not spruce, except for the lime bark. In some places there were chairs of fruit wild trees. We have grown snow, harvested apples, pears and brewed tea from Kizyl's roots. But when you drink it for a long time, then a man has swollen, and then dying. " To somehow quench the hunger, the partisans cooked leather belts, ate moss and leaves of trees. And one day from Romanian stables managed to hurt horses. One scored directly on the edge and drunk her blood, because they could not reach the parking lot. There were people in the camp who had no strength to score a horse and cook their meals. The combined efforts were bleeding the most weakened partisans. Only in the morning people were able to climb their feet. The strongest fighters were spawned a boiled conine on units. "

Military historians argue that military losses were the same as from hunger. But not only hunger, the Germans were experiencing partisans, but also sent traitors, and sometimes nothing implied adolescents, followed by surveillance. Partisans did not forgive traitors and shot in place. The Germans also, if they came across partisans, used all types of torture, and then shot.

Nemen's bet on the multinational composition of the population of the Crimea and the desire to unleash interethnic conflicts did not bring due results. This is a lot of confirmations. And one of them - in the Crimean forests, where Russian (Rhoze), Crimean Tatar (Appazov) and Greek (Spay), killed in battle 25.10, 1943 lie in the Crimean forests. They remained the faithful sons of their homeland.

And how many graves in the Crimean mountains, the unknown soldiers are resting under the ground, who turned out to be in the Crimean Earth. The partisans were told that there were cases when the Germans fused the forests with dogs and shot at random. They fell into partisans or soldiers, sailors who only came to the squad, and nobody knew them. They were simply laid by stones or betrayed the earth without any identification signs. So they lie in the land of 72 years, and their relatives are waiting for that someday, someone finds out where their ancestor is buried.

On the territory of the eastern part of the mountain Crimea, the take-off stripes were cleared, where airplanes were driving and from where they were evacuated by the wounded and patients on the big land.

In May 1943, the bosses were replaced: Mokrusov flew away, his foreheads changed him, his foreheads flew away, left Seversky, but then he flew away. "The bosses changed, and we, ordinary," plow "." Under these conditions, all the severity of the partisan war lay on ordinary fighters.

A handful of exhausted people, brought to the limit of human strength, induced fear and horror on the fatal anti-war.

April arrived in 1944. Germans retired and Romanians, they left those who participated in punitive operations against the Soviet people. And the partisan detachments began to be replenished at the expense of the policemen who wanted to redeem their guilt with blood. They fought in the German military uniform with Russian weapons.

During the Crimean offensive operation, Crimean partisans had considerable assistance to the advancing Soviet troops. From November 1, 1941 to April 16, 1944, Crimean Soviet partisans and underground workers held 3226 shares against troops, communications and enemy facilities (including 252 battle, 1632 diversions and communications operations, 349 ambuses and attacks, 163 diversions and railways operations, 824 attacks on motor vehicles and summies); undermined, they were allowed to sleep and burned 79 echelons and 2 armored trains (total, 48 steam locomotives and 947 wagons and platforms were destroyed); destroyed 29383 soldiers and police officers (and another 3872 captured); Three railway stations, three power plants, two radio stations, 25 military warehouses, three railway and 52 highway bridges, 112.8 km of telephone cable and 6.6 km power lines; 13 tanks, 3 armored car, 211 guns, 1940 cars, 83 carts. On the side of the Soviet partisans from Lukyanov's detachment, a group of Slovak soldiers passed. In addition, they captured 201 cars, 40 tractors, 2627 horses, 542 wagons, 17 guns, 250 machine guns, 254 automaton, 5415 rifles, ammunition and other military property. They also beat off 1019 cattle heads, 6661 sheep and 609 tons of food.

In addition, the Crimean partisans were engaged in propaganda and agitation: they settled the release of the "Crimean partisan" newspaper, as well as distributed leaflets and summaries of Sovinformbüro (only from November 1941 to November 1943, the partisans of the Crimea were released and spread at least 6,500 leaflets of various names).

Over 3 thousand partisans and underground workers (including 1500 participants of the partisan movement) were awarded the orders and medals of the USSR, the head of the Sevastopol underground V. D. Revyakin awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

Scientific and reference

• P. V. Makarov. Partisans of Tavria. M., Milivdat, 1960. - 383 p., Ill.
• In the rear of the enemy. Flyers of party organizations and partisans of the period of the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945. M., 1962.
• Crimea in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-1945. Simferopol, 1963.
• Crimea in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: Sat. documents and materials. Simferopol, 1973.
• Partisan traffic in the occupied regions of the RSFSR // Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945. Encyclopedia / Ed. M. M. Kozlova. -M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985. - P. 536-539. - 500,000 copies.
• A. V. Basov. Crimea in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. M., "Science", 1987.

Memories of participants of the partisan movement

• S. I. Bezsky. Partisans: Scout Notes. Simferopol, Crimezdat, 1959. - 214 pp.
• E. P. Melnik. Road to underground (notes). Simferopol, Crimezdat, 1961. - 315 p., Ill.
• E. P. Stepanov. Partisan trails. Memories of the participant of the partisan movement in the Crimea during the Great Patriotic War. Simferopol, Crimezdat, 1961. - 308 p., Ill.
• I. G. Genov. Four years of year: Diary of partisan. M., Milivdat, 1969. - 176 p., Ill.
• M. A. Macedonian. The flame over the Crimea (memories of the commander of the southern joint of the Crimea partisan detachments). 3rd ed., Per. and add. Simferopol, 1969. - 304 pp.
• I. A. Kozlov. In the Crimean underground (memories). M., "Fiction", 1972. - 480 p., Ill.
• V. I. Jergejak, A. Kuznetsov. Special partisan-sabotage. 2nd ed. Kiev, politicization of Ukraine, 1977. - 206 pp.

How fought Crimean partisans (sketch 5)

We bring to your attention the final - the fifth - essay on Seitumer Osmanova, the participant of the partisan movement of the Crimea, a biologist, a native of the village of Buyuk Ozenbash Kuibyshevsky district of the Crimean ASSR (now with. Rstsevo Bakhchisarai district of the Republic of Crimea).

Essay 5. As the prisoners of the Red Army soldiers became "volunteers"

In the 1950s, the institute of the History of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR was created, who dewaying the Crimean Tatars and the "justifying, justifying" their eviction from the Crimea. Professor Refic Muzaffarov managed to get there and found that the archive was composed of German-fascist and other dirty sources. About this R. Mazafarov told in a number of publications ...

I do not take to talk about the whole archive, but from the article R. Muzzafarov "Milletchi Aydutnyn Khatyrlavlary" ("Lenin Bayragi", 20.12.1990) I attracted me about the four thousand Crimean Tatars - "Volunteers", which in March 1942 . Were translated from Nikolaev to Simferopol.

Fate ordered so that I met these "volunteers" twice, and I want to report what was witness witness.

Before proceeding to present the facts, I want to make two comments:

First: I confirm the words of R. Muzaffarov that there was no purely Crimean volunteer in the Crimea. We can talk only about parts, which included the Crimean Tatars.

Secondly: I saw the "volunteers' arrived from Nikolaev in an open for Furnishing, fenced only by barbed wire camp. Their amount was 2-3 times less than approved in the "archive" of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

I testify that the specified "volunteers" first saw in the German camp prison for captured in Nikolaev. The camp consisted of several one-storey buildings fenced with a barbed wire fence. In the courtyard of prisons, hungry prisoners of war in a dirty, sophisticated military uniform, barely moved, carrying heavy iron rods.

I had the opportunity to visit the camps twice twice and chat with the prisoners. These Soviet soldiers suffered hunger, cold and torture. Patients wounded without medical care they died like flies. From the conversations with the captives, I realized that the hellish living conditions of the prisoners in the camp of the fascists "explained" to the actions of partisans in the Crimea. Daily, intense campaign of Nazis proved that they wanted to use prisoner soldiers in the fight against partisans. This campaign was psychological training.

I explained the prisoner that the fascists plunge a cunning case. They want to set up prisoners against partisans. Unbearable living conditions in the camp - the work of the occupiers themselves. I advised the prisoner not to succumb to false, insidious campaigning and explained that in the established conditions, the prisoners could only hope for themselves. From this, it is still necessary to proceed and act. There is no other way. That's what I said. In addition, I explained the prisoner that a nationwide struggle against the occupiers is going to the Crimea, this struggle is constant, diverse.

I had a suit and cotton fuffy. In the neighboring village, I exchanged my jacket on the flour, and in the city where I stopped at completely unfamiliar people, bread baked bread from this flour - three punishing. I gave this bread to the prisoner with sick and wounded. That's all you could help them at that moment.

I promised the prisoner that about their living conditions in the fascist camp I will tell you all those who are important and their lives of life.

I performed my promise. Crimean partisans about this camp for prisoners of war, I reported through Seit-Bekira Osmanova at the meeting in Buyuk-Ozenbash at the end of 1941 ...

The second time I saw these prisoner soldiers in a temporary camp on the outskirts of Simferopol, at the railway station. They have already been disguised into the German military uniform and declared volunteers. However, it was clear that the Nazis treated them as before, as with prisoners of war. They were still hungry. Weapons did not trust them, they were still under the vigilant security of German car gunners.

Dressed in German uniforms, prisoners of war Red Army women were presented as "volunteers", for deception and propaganda. It was a farce - the political provocation of fascists. As it turned out, the Germans did not dare to arm these "volunteers" and direct them against the partisans, because the bayonces of the prisoners of war could be directed against the invaders themselves. There is evidence that some of these "volunteers" accumulated escape. Some of them were caught and shot.

Small reference: Among the prisoners in the Nikolaev camp, and then in Simferopol, there was, in particular, a member of the WCP (b), the former chairman of the collective farm in Duvankoy, awarded before the war, a small gold medal of the All-Union Agriculture, a native of Buyuk-Ozenbash My brother Yusuf Osmananov - Senior Son Osman Efendi. Yusuf was seriously contused, lost consciousness, speech, and captured. In Nikolaev and Simferopol camps we met and talked for a long time.

Among those who accomplished the Escape of the "Volunteers" were Yusuf, who was caught in the area of \u200b\u200bBuyuk-Ozenbash and shot a shot in the back of the Bakhchisaram. His body discovered, identified and betrayed the land of a branch named Mustafa, who knew Yusuf to work in Duzank.

There are statements that these "volunteers" were directed against the Soviet landing in Kerch and Feodosia. It could be - the fascists in the battles ahead of themselves chanting and civilians.

Stalinist agitators like an adventurerist Mehlis tried to shine a fault for the failure of the Kerch landing on "Volunteers", in the Crimean Tatars. This is a blatant lie. As already proven - the defeat by the Germans of the Kerchy Front, the loss of Kerch, a bridgehead and more than one and a half hundred thousand people, a large number of military equipment occurred due to the notice of such "military specialists" as a mehlis and the like. The Crimean Front was defeated in May 1942 by the divisions of the 11th Army of Manstein.

From Nikolaev in Simferopol were delivered by Soviet military, representatives of the eastern peoples, including the Crimean Tatars.

Information from the archives of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR (case 21.8) on arrival in the spring of 1942 from Nikolaev in Simferopol 4 thousand Crimean Tatars volunteers from the beginning and to the end is a lie. She is greatly borrowed by the Berievsky special services from the fascist sources. The Institute of History and its owners did not disappear for the rationale for eviction from the Crimea and the Genocide of the Crimean Tatar people.

In my opinion, the work on the exposure of lies and slanders directed against our people should be continued ...

I believe that our peace-loving, volitional and wise people will achieve the return of everything that he has been taken away with a criminal regime, and will continue world life in his homeland - in the Crimea, as it was before his eviction.

Seitumer Osmanov,

Prepared for publication Asan Khurshutov

(From the book: Osmanov S.O. "Road Long Long" - Simferopol. "Share", 2007)

16.04.2015

How fought Crimean partisans (sketch 4)

We offer you a series of essays of Seitumer Osmanova, a participant in the partisan movement of the Crimea, a biologist, a native of the village of Buyuk Ozenbash Kuibyshevsky district of the Crimean ASSR (now with. Rhvetyno Bakhchisarai district of the Republic of Crimea).

Essay 4. Satanic note Stalin

"Stop silent about it!" - Such a call ends with the material published in the Articles newspaper (12/20/1997) under the title "The betrayal, which history did not know" (the publication from the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper in Ukraine, dedicated to the fate of the sevastopol defense participants in 1941-1942) The presented information was essentially the answer to S. Spiridonov on the questions of the correspondent of KP Nikolai Sukhomovsky.

Colonel Spiridonov has devoted for many years to study archival documents, memoir and other literature, as well as search for information about the fate of the participants of the heroic epic.

He reasonably claims that it is as a result of gross mistakes admitted by the command in 1942 on the front of the south of the country, the Soviet troops suffered a crushing defeat, accompanied by huge losses of material and human resources. The enemy was able to eliminate the Kerch-Feodosian bridgehead, capture the cities of Sevastopol and Kharkov.

The official message of the BGK rate dated 07.07.1942 "On the orders of the Supreme Command on July 3, Soviet troops left the city Sevastopol" Colonel Spiridonov considers a rough lie.

In fact, the fate of Sevastopol and his defenders was predetermined on June 30, when with the consent of I. Stalin, it was decided to evacuate from the city only 200-300 people of responsible commanders and political workers, including the commander of the Black Sea Fleet and Sevastopol defensive region (Sor) vice Admiral f.oktyabrsky. This evacuation, authorized VKG, or rather, the cowardly flight of the command - took place on the night of June 30 as of July 1, 1942. When there were fights in the city.

The VKG thoroughly hidden from the general public that the forces defeated Sevastopol without ammunition, food and water were treacherously left on the battlefield - on the confrontation of the fascist invaders. And this is in conditions when they had the opportunity to evacuate the Sevastopol garrison by sea.

Paradoxically, but the fact that even the ships of the Black Sea fleet were not used for the defense of their own base of Sevastopol. They were not used to evacuate the defenders of this base. Berelched fleet, not people.

Colonel Spiridonov Right, arguing that the main culprits of this betrayal were: Vice-Admiral F. Oktyabrsky, Minister of National Academy of Sciences Admiral N. Kuznetsov, Commander of the North Caucasian direction Marshal S. Budyanny and Supreme Commander I. Stalin.

I believe that the lion of Mehlis is needed to add to this list - the political adventurist is a personal representative of Stalin as part of the command of the Crimean Front. (In May 1942, the Crimean Front lost the Kerch-Feodosian bridgehead, 176 thousand people, all the combat technique. The tanks captured there and the fascist artillery used against the defenders of the Sevastopol defensive area).

The culprits of the defeat of the Soviet troops in Sevastopol in June 1942 depicted this defeat as a victory. The SovinformBure report said: "The fame of the main organizers of the Defense of Sevastopol will enter the history of the Patriotic War ...", etc. We are talking only about the "main organizers", and not the heroic participants in the defense, which were left for the mercy of fate and forgotten.

Colonel Spiridonov otherwise assesses this defeat, reminding that the defenders of Sevastopol in 1941 beat two assaults. You can not doubt that they would beat the opponent's offensive and in June 1942, if the taught command had not betrayed the troops of Sora.

To me, the participant of anti-fascist resistance in the Crimea, it was known that the Germans in 1942 in the area of \u200b\u200bSevastopol captured a huge number of our soldiers. Sevastopol was turned into a huge camp for prisoners of war ... The miraculous defenders of Sevastopol survived after the war were pursued by the punitive bodies of Beria.

Spiridonov spoke about the bitter fate of the hero of the Soviet Union Sergeant Maria Bida, who survived the hell of fascist camps, and after the war I endured bullying in the dungeons of Soviet counterintelligence.

Among the defenders of Sevastopol, after the fall of the city, the Crimean Tatars were among the prisoners.

I want to briefly tell about the fate of the two natives of Bayuk-Ozenbash well known to me - defenders of Sevastopol. One of them Memet Kurtbins (Ajä Kurtbedin). Before the war, Memet was a biologist, a specialist in virology. He worked as a teacher in Simferopol. In the army - from the beginning of the war. Served in Medsanbat. With the retreating military part, got into Sevastopol and participated in his defense. In 1942, after the fall of the main base, the ChF was killed in captivity.

Eabair Abla Oglu Toyamaz before the war worked as a tractor driver in the collective farm. Since the beginning of the war, he is a coastal defense sailor in Sevastopol ... After the fall of the city, he managed to avoid the German captivity and the forest paths to get into his native Ozenbash.

In 1943-1944 Ebaur Abla OGU - a participant in the partisan movement in the 9th squad of the southern joint of the Crimean partisans. He is a participant in battle for the liberation of the Crimea. From May 18, 1944, as well as the entire people of the Crimean Tatars, the Ebaur is a special manual. Worked in Uzbekistan.

In 1952, he was arrested, accused of Art. 58 of the Criminal Code of the Closed Court. He was sentenced to death. Three days were in the suicide chamber. The death sentence was replaced by a 25-year-old imprisonment with the subsequent deprivation of civil rights for a period of 5 years.

The term was departing at the Komsomol Construction in Bashkiria. Completely renewed in 1957. Eabair Abda oglu Toyamaz died on March 14, 1981 in Simferopol, buried on the cemetery of Mazanka.

I believe that Colonel in resignation Stanislav Vladimirovich Spiridonov made a feat and deserved nationwide thanks and recognition. With his long-term research and search, he established and proved that the defeats of the Soviet troops at the front of the south of the country - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kerch-Feodosiy Bridgehead and Sevastopol Deon Ramp (1942), there was a consequence of the progress of command.

It has been established and proven that the heroic defenders of Sevastopol (the hundredsmatic garrison) were not evacuated, although there were opportunities for their evacuation by sea. This act of betrayal of defenders of Sevastopol VGK has carefully hid from the Soviet public. Fearing publicity, after the war, the Stalin Satrapses pursued the defenders of the city, the miracle of the survivors.

I express the editors of the newspaper "Arket" deep gratitude to the publication of this valuable study on the history of the Great Patriotic War. I would like to know whether the Colonel was managed by S.V. Spiridonov to publish your work in full? It would be desirable to know how other organs of the periodic seal of Crimea responded to this publication.

The cunning and the supergrade of the Stalinist leadership was that their guilt and responsibility for failures, defeat on the fronts of the Crimea, it decided to shift on the shoulders of the Crimean Tatars, accusing them in "treason of the Motherland." The culmination of this long-term slander, political and military provocations against the Crimean Tatars was the Satanic note of I. Stalin, addressed to the State Defense Committee. (Telling about this note, I write a memory, you can clarify). It contained an accusation "in treason, treason, the people of the People of Crimean Tatars in 1941-1944. And the idea of \u200b\u200bthe need to punish it "to send forever from the Crimea, depriving all civil rights."

As mentioned earlier, Stalinist leadership before the war began to prepare this monstrous operation. This operation continued to prepare and in the years of the occupation of Crimea with fascists. In 1944, Stalin and his government decided that the moment was completed to complete this provocation. The GCO decided to send the people of the Crimean Tatars forever, having deprived him of all rights and property. Eviction was carried out lightning. For people tormented by war and occupation, it was a terrible and unexpected blow.

For the people, it was an absolutely unacceptable and deep hostile act. Nevertheless, all the people, without claiming (for this there was neither time nor the opportunity) adopted the only right decision - to submit to Dictate. I do not agree with the reasoning that in 1944 our people were deceived. In 1944 there was no deception, but an ultimatum, armed with robbery and dictate. On "Reflections" and fees were only 15 minutes.

Crimea was flooded with the Troops of the NKVD, subordinate to the executioner of the executioner of Beria. The slightest resistance would have completed for the people of the catastrophe. People understood this well. From the representatives of the people of the Crimean Tatars, not a single shot was made. These are facts.

A description of the tragic painting of the eviction of the Crimean Tatars from their historic homeland - the Crimea is devoted to numerous memories. About the film of eviction from the Kuibyshev and Bakhchisaray districts of the Crimea and about the underlying terrible position in the empty villages and villages in the first days after evicting the people, in the memoirs of my friend of childhood and the memeth's neighbor, Abla Oglu Toyamaz, who was the driver of a heavy truck. He stayed in the Crimea for two more months, serving various goods in the army.

His story recorded and published in the Turkish magazine (Emel No. 197, 1998 Ankara) His son is a journalist Enver Ozenbashla. In this remarkable, truthful documentary, unfortunately, a number of inaccuracies are allowed, errors. For example, mentioned in the story (p.88) Enthade (Mamutova Eftade - S.O.) was the sister was not a memeth wife (as stated in the story, in the text in Turkish), and the sister of the Mother's mother, which was the name of Aisha Apet.

On the same page it is said that the Germans during the retreat (in the text) burned the Bayuk-Ozenbash village with gasoline ... from 700 houses in the village survived about 10-15, which is also not entirely accurate.

The fact is that Rubyuk Ozenbash and even more than a hundred other Tatar villages and villages of the mountain Crimea were burned and destroyed not in the spring of 1944, when the Germans retreated, and in the fall of 1943, when the fascists spent a long punitive operation against the Crimean partisans. Success then they have not achieved. But they mocked, killed civilians, robbed, destroying more than a hundred settlements.

In the fall of 1943, on the instructions of his commander, I made two acts about the atrocities of the German fascists in the villages of Style and Couche. Such acts were compiled about other destroyed villages of Crimea. Many decades have passed, but I still remember that in the same destroyed house in the village of Style, the bodies of a young woman and an infant were discovered.

It was established that a German officer brutally raped this woman (pieces of crushed clothes lay nearby, and then the shots killed her and the child. In the neighboring dilapidated house lay a sick old woman, raped by a group of German soldiers. These acts lie in the archives of the Crimean partisans.

In April 1944, agreed combat operations of the parts of the Soviet Army and the Crimean partisans against the occupants were so strong and rapid that the German-Romanian troops were forced to retreat, leaving the city and the village. They were not allowed to destroy even mined and cultural and economically important objects prepared for the explosion.

Despite inaccuracies, I consider it necessary for the necessary documentary story of the veteran of the Great Patriotic War of Memeta Abla Oglu Toyamaz, in the form corrected from errors, publish in Crimean Tatar and Russian (if it was not done earlier).

Thus, that I really wanted, but even the Russian autocracy did not dare (it was to fully erase from the Crimea of \u200b\u200ball its indigenous people - the Crimean Tatars) did the distraught and bloodthirsty I.STalin and his government.

Crimean Tatars, leaving their homeland in black echelons, were confident that this nightmare will end that justice will recover, enthusiasm the truth and the people will "return to the land of native", to their homeland - in Crimea ...

Seitumer Ottomans,

partisan Member of Crimea

Prepared for seals Asan Khurshutov

15.04.2015

How fought Crimean partisans (sketch 3)

Essay 3. Once again about the bloodless operation of the Crimean partisans

The article on the bloodless operation of the Crimean partisan was published in the newspaper "Jan Dunya" (07.24.1991).

An declared goal of this operation was to attract partisans of armed and other persons who worked in the local administration created by the occupiers, for their participation in the battles to liberate the Crimea. This operation, apparently, had both an undeclared part of the goal, which remained the secret of command.

First of all, I want to emphasize that in early November 1941, the occupation of the German troops of Crimea (with the exception of the Sevastopol defensive area) was a favorable fact. This occupation lasted 2 years and 5.5 months.

I consider my duty to emphasize the fact that residents of the Soviet Crimea, like the entire Soviet Union, were deeply hostile to the occupiers.

Nevertheless, for the sake of self-preservation and survival, they were forced (as a temporary measure) to make contacts with the military administration of the occupiers and participate (determined by their part) in the work of local authorities. There were no alternatives to this. The authorities of the Soviet authorities are self-orded, in places even before the adversary troops. So in the Crimea, as in other occupied territories of the country, the mayors of cities appeared, the elders of villages and districts, translators, policemen, specialists of various services, teachers, doctors. All of them were forced to take up their affairs in the name of life ...

Among these people were traitors of the interests of their people. But there were few such. Most of these people were and remained by the patriots of their homeland, helped the civilians, underground workers, partisans, and reconnaissance of the Red Army ...

In April 1944, in two days before the start of hostilities for the liberation of the Crimea from the German fascist interventory, we were informed that by order of the General Commission (apparently, not without the participation of the department of L. Beria) the detachments of all three compounds of the Crimean Partisans should hold Special bloodless operations.

Command of the 9th Detachment of the Southern Union of Crimean Partizan On its territory, such an operation was posted by the author of these lines. As assistants, two young fighters armed with automata and grenades were allocated. My mission was purely peaceful. Therefore, I left my weapon on the basis of the squad. By fulfilling the task, I with my assistants, visited the villages of Yukira Kermenchik, AAVR and Fotisal and handed over the call of the Commander of the Soviet Army, facing rural elders, police officers and other persons, due to the various circumstances of the local administration bodies.

The call contained about the following: "In the created complex, critical setting in the Crimea, think and move to partisans. In operations on the liberation of Crimea, participate together with Soviet soldiers. " In addition, the appeal said that persons with arms in the hands participating in the fights on the liberation of the Crimea promise to account for this fact when considering their affairs by the relevant authorities. (Here I should make a reservation that I personally did not see the written text of the Communication of the Commander. All that was said - this is from the words of the commander and head of the headquarters of our squad).

My chat with headlights, policemen and other persons who worked in the local administration bodies were the nature of numerous short conversations with each individual or with small groups of people. From my part there was no pressure, there was no threat, people were given time to think and make a decision by himself. We pointed out the time and place of collecting for individuals, ready to go to the side of the partisan.

From the above-mentioned and surrounding villages (and the rumor about the bloodless operation spread quickly) about 70 people passed on the side of the partisans. We immediately headed for our squad - to the village of Style. For the entire operation, two days were allocated. It was necessary to hurry.

On the way, when our group rose to the elevation (plateau) between the valleys of the Belbek River and Kacha, we met on the other, the same group of people collected by representatives of another partisan detachment from other villages. From this group we met, part of the people expressed a desire to go to our, ninth, detachment. A group of police officers (20 people) of the Kuibyshevsky district, headed by their chief of Ali Efendi, joined us. Thus, the number of people in our group has increased much. Many of them had a weapon with them (rifles, machine guns, guns and even a manual machine gun). Among the attracted were unarmed young guys who have expressed a desire to fight the enemy with the partisans.

Such a successful completion of the bloodless operation of the 9th detachment, similar operations of the Crimean partisans as a whole, was the result of a huge work on the development of the partisan movement of the region from the fall of 1942. In this regard, the well-known resolution of the Bureau of the Crimean Committee of the Party, adopted in the fall of 1942 and the removal of the then leaders of the Crimean partisans of Mokrousov and the Commissioner Martynov for their hostile actions and slanderous policies for the people of Crimean Tatars, should be considered.

Exceptional importance for the development of the partisan movement was the replenishment of the rows of Crimean partisans with fifty communists-volunteers in the summer of 1943. As a result of these and other measures taken, in the second half of 1943 and the beginning of 1944, the partisan movement in Crimea, and especially among the Crimean Tatars, was massive. Partisans believed, listened to their voice.

There were certain changes in the quality of the citizens interested us. A part of the ganting elder and the police were punished by guerrillas. Ambushes were satisfied with them. The other part was forced to change the place of residence, i.e. fled.

To the position of Starost and the police population itself made his reliable people. Sometimes these posts people occupied only at the urgent request of local residents. Many of them were associated with underground. All of the above, as well as the fact that the partisans were talked and acted on behalf of the main military command of the Soviet Army, determined the success of a bloodless operation.

It should be especially noted the success of these operations in the mountain forest and foothill zones of the Crimea, where the villages of the Crimean Tatars were located. Therefore, the main contingent of the partisans switched to the side is the Crimean Tatars. It seems to me that mainly these "bloodless" operations were undertaken.

I gave all the collected people who were waiting for us to the commander and commissioner of the 9th detachment. At the same time, the commander of the 7th Brigade L.I. Vorticulture.

The next day, I learned that Ali Efendi was shot. The former chief of the police of the Kuibyshevsky district Ali Efendi was accused of "betraying the Motherland" and the decision of the Emergency Court of Emergency Court. I was sure then I have no doubt about this time that the commander of the 7th Brigade L.I. Vikhma and Commissioner of the 9th detachment M. Mamutov (the main organizers of the forensic violence) suspiciously solved the fate of this extraordinary person.

The partisans of the 9th squad were known that in 1943 L.I. Vikhma and M. Mamutov collaborated with Ali Efendi. They gave him tasks and received valuable secret information about garrisons, opponent plans. Everything was fine. Then something happened, and they accused Ali Efendi. Mamuts (not without the consent of Vikhman) somehow under the guise of the meeting organized an ambush-attempt on the life of Ali Efendi, but this undertaking failed.

Ali Efendi released from the "hugs" of the attackers and left, without harming them. Fale and, organized simultaneously with an ambush on Ali Efendi (on the same day and hour), the attack of the partisan group at the leading Ali police camp in the village of Ayregul. The police wanted to fight against the partisans and, taking advantage of darkness, scattered in the night.

Despite the all-out with him, Ali Efendi with twenty armed police came to the 9th partisan detachment and in oral report, in the presence of L. Vikhman and M. Mamutov, said he was ready to perform any task. As can be seen, he did not feel guilty. Appeared to the partisans, using the appeal and promises of the Major Military Command. P

skirting on this topic is written in my article "Ali Efendi Kim Edid?" ("Yang Dunya", 09/04/1992) and in four responses on it, published by the same newspaper ("Jan Dunya" from 06.11.1992 and 26.02.1993). As it turned out, Ali Efendi - it was Ali Bekirov, a native of the village of Yanju Kuibyshevsky district, the youngest of the six brothers of the notable family of Bekirovy, the teacher, a member of the WCP (b), a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Lieutenant. I avoided the German captivity. From the beginning of 1942 he was the head of the Kuibyshevsky district police.

In response letters, they argue that he, together with the head of the district administration, Kudus Efendi made a lot of good deeds and helped the population to survive a fascist occupation. In responses, concrete facts about the positive activities of Ali Efendi are given. The firm opinion was expressed that Ali Bekirov was introduced into the police on the task of an underground organization in order to obtain an opportunity for active patriotic activities.

Such a statement of Remie Rustemov heard the late father - Rustem Bekirov (1886 births). Father, as Remmy writes, categorically stated: "Ali Bekirov did not change the Motherland" (see "Yang Dunya" 26.02.93). The secret political motifs of the service of Ali Bekirov in Politzlia speaks in the article by Eden Useinov, who knew Ali Efendi well.

The facts of the anti-fascist activities of the Crimean Tatars who worked in local administration bodies were widely known, common, natural phenomenon. These facts in a timely manner (hot pursuit) were not studied. The tragedy of evictions of our people prevented. In the archives about these facts there is no information. Ali Efendi's activities are one of the similar eloquent facts of serving homeland. Only, I regard the activities of Ali Bekirov.

What exactly was the wines of Ali Efendi? The answer to this question is in the article E. Useinov ("Jan Dunya", 04.09.92), which leads the words of an eyewitness: "He (Ali Efendi - C.Oo) is one of the tasks (leaders of Partizan - S.O.) could not Run. "

In the article Usinova, the name of the witness is not named. However, having acquainted with his article, I realized that the author meant the Commissioner of the 8th squad of the Southern Union of Abherima Ashirov, who was one of the most active organizers and participants of the partisan movement in the Crimea in 1943-1944. I also realized that speaking of a task that allegedly could not fulfill Ali Efendi, there was another mistakes made when carrying out an operation to defeat the garrison of the occupiers in the village of Fotisal in the fall of 1943.

Before the start of this combat operation, in which the partisans of the 7th Brigade participated, we were partisans of the 9th detachment - got acquainted with intelligence about the Fotisaly garrison and the attached schematic map was exhaustive. Then it was not difficult to guess that these materials were obtained using Ali Efendi.

When implementing this, well-drawdable plan, deviations and errors were allowed, which caused the loss of personnel. In any case, these errors were allowed by the organizers of a combat operation. They decided to shifted their mistakes on the shoulders of Ali Efendi and hastily executed him, not giving him the opportunity to express partisans to the public and justify.

More about all this - in my manuscript "The attack of partisans on the garrison of the invaders" (due to responses to the article "Ali Efendi Kim Edidi"?). In 1993, the manuscript was sent by registered mail to Simferopol to the editorial office of the Yang Dunya newspaper. I don't know anything about her fate. A copy of the accompanying letter in the name of the Ablaziza Veliyev and the manuscript instance I have survived.

The people cited by me in the detachment were divided into groups and are distributed across several neighboring detachments. In our squad, a group of about 25-30 people were left, the commander of which was appointed. In operations to liberate the Crimea, our 9 detachment acted in the Kuibyshevsky district.

The group subordinate to me performed concrete instructions of the team of the squad, interacting with the partisan group, whose commander was my friend, a native of Buyuk Ozaneshab Man with a lion's heart - Osman Basirgyan. I briefly told about the actions of the fighters of the two of our groups in the essay "Equipment of the Tekhkiyat (" Jan Dunya ", 05/18/1991).

I know that the same group of people given by me was part of the 8th partisan detachment (commander - Aliyev, Commissioner - Ashirov Ambherim), which was then in the area of \u200b\u200bYalta.

All patriots with weapons in the hands of the partisans passed on the side of the Operations on the liberation of native land. However, immediately after the liberation of the Crimea from the fascist invaders, all these Soviet citizens without investigation and the court were declared enemies of the people and repressed. I personally know that it was so in Kuibyshevsky, Bakhchisarai, Yalta regions.

I still remember - it was mid-April 1944. The large group of the Crimean Tatars, who came to the partisans and participating in combat operations on the liberation of the Crimea, and then declared the enemies of the people, was taken from Kuibyshev and Bakhchisaray districts, the stage was delivered to Bakhchisarai and was located in the courtyard of Khansarai. The group of arrested was guarded as particularly dangerous criminals.

I remember the words of the head of the ROVD, a man from the center, who appealing to his employees and partisans, said: "Go to the arrested, if you find the appropriate shoes and clothing and leave and leave your worn out." These words mean that those arrested were already on the situation of particularly dangerous criminals. (Partisans, although they were poorly dressed and shovel, but did not use the "generosity"). So it was everywhere in the Crimea.

All the arrested were repressed. In other words, they were shot or tortured in the Stalinist death camps. The remaining survivors after serving the term in these camps, describing their condition, called themselves "alive corpses." After approving this way, I mean, in particular, Eden Useinov - the author of the article "Ali Efendi Akkyda" ("Jan Dunya", 1992).

Thus, bloodless initial operation of the Crimean partisan had its bloody continuation. It was carefully, taking into account the political situation in the occupied Crimea (high patriotism of indigenous people, as well as the massability, militantness and authority of the partisan movement), prepared by the Office of L. Beria and declared on behalf of the main command of a sabotage operation, the main purpose of which was the destruction of a large group of armed People - Crimean Tatars, who survived the German fascist occupation and ready to oppose the occupiers without hesitation. Subsequently, they proved this readiness in fact.

It seems to us that the specified category of armed people the punitive bodies of Beria Stalin were considered as possible serious interference during the preparing deportation of the Crimean Tatars. Therefore, these bodies decided to be fraudulently assembled, use in combat operations when the Crimea is released, and then, declaring them with enemies of the people, destroy.

In addition, the announcement of another large group of Crimean Tatars with enemies of the people increases the "number of collaborators from the number of Crimean Tatars", and this intensified the "trump card" of Beria and Stalin in favor of the eviction of the entire people of the Crimean Tatars.

Cunning and blasphemy Stalin and Beria also consisted also in the fact that in order to implement their vile provocations and sabotage against the people of the Crimean Tatars - they used the sacred liberation partisan movement in the Crimea. At the same time, ordinary partisans were deceived by the accomplices of this crime.

The leaders of the partisan these secrets knew from the very beginning of the "bloodless partisan operation". Now I have no doubt. That is why Vihman and Mamuts quickly, silently, coolly decided to execute Ali Efendi. They knew that about the same fate expects others who had passed on the side of the partisans of citizens.

In the archives of the Crimean partisans and organs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Crimea some information about these victims of Stalinism should be. This information is probably falsified. However, they will allow you to establish the total number of these victims to learn some specific information about each of them, draw up their lists.

Our people, wide community circles have the right to learn about these atrocities preceding the eviction of the Crimean Tatar people. Our young historians must continue to study these dramatic events. Our debt is to resolve the issue of rehabilitation of all dead, but still not rehabilitated.

I mean, in the partialness, Ali Bekirov and many others, shot and tortured in prisons. It is necessary to officially remove the stigma of the "enemies of the people."

Sateur Osmananov,

partisan Member of Crimea

Prepared for seals Asan Khurshutov

Additional materials on the topic:

14.04.2015

How fought Crimean partisans (Essay 2)

We offer to your attention a series of essays Seitumer Osmanova, a member of the partisan movement in the Crimea, a biologist, a native of the village of Buyuk Ozenbash Kuibyshevsky district of the Crimean ASSR (now s. Rastevo Bakhchisarai district of the Republic of Crimea).

Essay 2.

Soviet aviation bombardment of the Tatar village of the mountain Crimea in the fall of 1943

In the sketch "Grandson Osman Efendi from Ozenbash", I briefly spoke about the article Yuri Bekirovich Osmanova "Tarikhka Taklid" ("Jan Dunya", 09/10/93) where he criticizes the argument of the historian A. Zarubina on collaborationism in the Crimea during the Great Patriotic War "(" Ferris Wheel ", №8, August 1993).

Yu.B. Ottomans assesses the position of the historian as a slanderous in relation to the people of the Crimean Tatars. The facts cited by the historian are taken from falsified archives, repeat the lies and slander of Stalinists.

In addition, the historian was not taken into account - "forgotten" a number of facts and factors that took place in the Crimea, without taking into account that it is impossible to understand correctly assess the scale, the role and importance of the struggle of the Crimean Tatars against the German fascism.

Among the "forgotten" historic facts Yu.B. Osmanov noted, in particular, the fact of the bombing of the Soviet aviation of a number of Tatar villages of the mountain Crimea, when there were no occupiers in them.

Yuri Bekirovich Osmanov believes that this action was planned and conducted as a precedent for the subsequent accusation of the Crimean Tatars ...

The accuracy of this fact I have no doubt because I myself was an eyewitness of such a bombing.

There was a second half of the autumn of 1943. The punitive operation of German invaders against partisans was nearers. As a timely aware of the opponent's plans, partisans were prepared and successfully reflected attacks of punishers, often they themselves were performed offensive operations, exhausting strength and cause damage to the enemy.

Our 9th squad At the beginning of the enemy attack on the forest, replaced his location of the deployment, and the civilians of the style village relocated to the caravis in an inaccessible to punishers, where the camp for civilians was organized. The detachment itself took a new position convenient for defense. Later, during the battles, a detachment maneuvered, inflicting strikes on the enemy. The angry fascists mocked over the civilian population, burned whole villages in mining and forest areas in order to create a dead zone around the partisans.

The 9th detachment was performed and the tasks of the upstream. One day, the headquarters of the detachment received an unusual task - toggle fires for the orientation of bombers, going to bomb the villages of the Crimean Tatars of Style and Couche Bakhchisarai district. The time and place for burning fires were indicated. The fulfillment of this task was instructed by the separation of the partisan, whose commander was Osman Ismail Oglu Basirgyan. The operation was also attended by the author of these lines.

We, partisans, especially - the Soviet command was then it is known that in the villages of the style and the coached houses were burned by German troops. These villages were empty: there were no residents or enemy garrisons at that time. Therefore, for us purpose, the meaning of this bombardment remained unclear, incomprehensible. However, the Center's order we did not discuss, and performed.

Performed and this order: at the specified time and in the location indicated on the map, the fires were lit. After some time, two bomber aircraft appeared in the sky over the fires, who headed towards the villages of the style and Couche. Soon we heard the gaps of discarded bombs.

I consider it necessary to recall once again that the article already mentioned by me by Yaya Kasimova contains information according to which Mokrousov and Martynov in 1942 turned to the commodity of the Soviet Army with a request to subjected to the bombardment of the peaceful Tatar villages of Kuchuk Ozenbash and Styles.

According to Esquender's evidence of Ramazanov ("Arket", 07.21.95) On the evening of May 16, 1942, Soviet aircraft were bombarded by Buyuk Ozenbash, when there were no German soldiers. From bombing killed 18 people (old men and children), 30 inhabitants were injured.

I think that listed facts do not exhaust all cases of bombing of the Soviet aviation of Tatar villages and villages of the mountain Crimea. Nevertheless, the well-known materials indicate that the secret services of L.Beria and I. Stalina in their sabotage activities - plans against the Crimean Tatars these bombings of the settlements of the mountain Crimea attached particular importance.

As already mentioned, these bombings were used by the enemies of our people as a precedent, an excuse for accusing the Crimean Tatars in non-existent sins. In addition, such bombing and similar provocative shares were aimed at braking and prevent the mass participation of the Crimean Tatars in the partisan movement against the fascist occupiers.

These attempts failed. Crimean Tatars performed active fighters against foreign invaders, against the plague of the twentieth century - fascism ...

Seitumer Ottomans,

partisan Member of Crimea

Prepared for publication Asan Khurshutov

Additional Mathenials on the topic:

13.04.2015

How fought Crimean partisans (Essay I)

We offer to your attention a series of essays Seitumer Osmanova, a member of the partisan movement in the Crimea, a biologist, a native of the village of Buyuk Ozenbash Kuibyshevsky district of the Crimean ASSR (now s. Rastevo Bakhchisarai district of the Republic of Crimea).

I believe…

There are some events known to me from the history of the underground and partisan movement in Crimea 1941-1944. They highlighted some events and facts known from my former publications.

In particular, the red thread is the thought of the presence of constant antitask activity .., use for these provocations of the partisan movement.

This activity ... began before the war, continued during the war years and fascist occupation, and then to the very eviction of the people.

Our historians should continue research work on the problem I touched, as it is necessary to complete the restoration of truth. It is necessary for the general public of the Crimea to knock out their poisoned weapons of lies from the hands of chauvinists and other opponents of the people.

I believe my word will respond in the hearts and will not be in vain.

Essay 1. On partisan movement in 1941-1944

In the article published in the Arket newspaper (26.11.1997) and dedicated to partisan movement and the anti-fascist underground in the Crimea in 1941-1944, Aisha Memenedzhanov brings interesting information ... She told about the participation of the 12th partisan detachment in operations on The liberation of the Crimea from the occupiers, mentioned the commander of the Paramonov detachment Mikhail Fedorovich, called the names of several squad fighters and other facts.

In this regard, I found it necessary to express some clarifications, comments and additions, and my thoughts on affected issues. First of all, I consider it necessary to note that M.F. Paramonov The entire period of the German fascist occupation of Crimea bravely fought against the invaders. You should talk about it and write.

In October 1943, M.F. Paramonov was appointed commander of the newly organized 7th partisan detachment as part of the Brigade, whose commissar was M.V. Selimov, and commander - M. Macedonian. The fighters of the new squad were residents and natives of the Crimean Tatar villages, Buyuk Ozenbash, Style and Couche, people who knew each other well.

Paramonov M.F., who headed the squad, immediately found an approach to the fighters, enjoyed their respect and confidence. Later, Mikhail Fedorovich headed and successfully led the 12th partisan detachment, which included a part of the fighters with which Paramonov served earlier. Among them was the commander of the group Emir-Asan Kurtmollayev with his fighters ...

At the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Emir-Asan Kurtmollayev, His wife Akif Safaevna and daughter, sent to distant relatives in Almaty, and went to the front by the commander of the platoon of the infantry regiment. He participated in heavy battles in the south of Ukraine and in the north of Crimea. I miraculously managed to avoid the German captivity and return to Simferopol. More than a year, he led an underground anti-fascist campaigning among the population. It's time, he received the next issue of the newspaper "Red Crimea" and read the words "Everything - to the weapon!" Kurtmollayev went to the partisan forest and picked up a weapon.

Emir-Asan was deeply intelligent, very modest and soft in handling people. However, these qualities did not interfere with it when performing a task to organize sabotage, to let the railway compositions loaded with enemy soldiers and ammunition. Participating in combat operations on the liberation of the Crimea from the occupiers, Emir-Asan Kurtmollayev with his group, along with other actions, cleared the world's cellars known to the world. Save them from looting and destruction.

... I knew his father well - Kurtmoll AGU on the nicknamed "Kuushakyz". His house stood on the hillside of the roadside of the highway at the entrance to Buyuk Ozenbash. At Kurtmoll Agea, except Emir-Asan, there were two more sons and two daughters. One sons - Emir-Usein was shot by the Germans in Buyuk Ozenbash.

With Emir-Ashan, we met and be friends with students of the Crimean Peddy Institute, organized on the basis of the Tavrichesky University. We studied at different faculties. Emir-Asan graduated from the East faculty, remained in Simferopol, graduated from graduate school and worked for more than 10 years in the Peden Institute and in the Research Institute of Crimean Tatar and Literature. Published a number of scientific papers on the Crimean Tatar linguistics, was co-author of four school textbooks of the grammar of the native language. I graduated graduate school in Leningrad, worked in Arkhangelsk, Chelyabinsk, Sevastopol ...

As old friends and convinced anti-fascists, we met again in Simferopol in March 1942. Meets in a heavy for the country, for the people and us time. I had a passport in my pocket, a military ID and a candidate diploma. In the Simferopol Police, I witnessed the fact that Emir-Asan Kurtmollayev was not mobilized and did not serve in the Red Army, his passport, a military ID and other documents were abducted by robbers, devastating his apartment. In this way, E. Kurtmollayev received a certificate from Simferopol police officer, replacing the passport and military ID. Now I understand that for such a deception could be shown. But then I did not think about it.

In 1943, in the forest to partisans through Buyuk Ozenbash, we also walked together. We simultaneously joined the 7th partisan detachment. Then I found myself in the 9th detachment, and E. Kurtmollayev - in the 12th ...

After the war, we regularly rewrite ... Emir-Asan with his family lived in Almaty, where he worked as a teacher of the USSR's history and Kazakh language. When there was a ban on teaching activities for the Crimean Tatars who were not in the CPSU, he became an inspector of the Ministry of Industry.

Emir-Asan Kurtmollayev Kushaxz (1902-1973) died and buried in Alma-Ata. During his lifetime, he could not get a guerrilla ticket and the certificate of the participant of the Great Patriotic War. These documents after his death were presented to the widow and daughters. At this time, Lenyar Emir-Asanovna Kurtmollayeva's music lives in Alma-Ata.

Meshdash Memeja Server, said in the article, was a native and a resident of the Foti-Sala, and Buyuk Ozenbash. He was a fighter of the 9th partisan detachment, participated in many pain operations. Maidash Server Heroic died in battle at storming the partisan brigade of the fascist garrison in the village of Foti-Sala ...

A significant part of His article by A. Memonzhanova devoted the story of meetings with the famous organizer of the partisan movement in Crimea in 1943-1944 Mustafa Weceovich Selimov.

M.V. Selimov began his partisan activities as a commissar of the detachment. Then he became Commissar Brigade, and later - one of the organizers and commissioner of the Southern Union of the Crimean Partizan. (More on the life and activities of M.V. Selimov can be found in the sketch of the journalist A. Veliyeva "Fedaxyarlyk" in the newspaper "Lenin Bayragi" dated 07/01/1981)

The author's approval of the article that Bekir Osmanov fought in the southern connection erroneously. The fact is that M.V. Selimov in the partisan forest was abandoned on June 25, 1943 as part of a large group (50 people) of parbulum-volunteers to support and enhance the partisan movement in the Crimea. There were many Crimean Tatars among the landed. It is impossible to overestimate the role and importance of such replenishment for the development of the movement of folk Avengers in the Crimea.

Bekir Ottomans joined the Kuibyshev partisan detachment of November 1941, in the center of the Kuibyshev district of the Crimean Assure of the village of Albat, where this detachment was organized. The former Employee of the ROVD Nedvymeninov, the Commissioner, the former Chairman of the Rain Executive Committee of Ametov, was appointed commander of the squad. The squad was staffed and consisted of district and rural institutions - members of the party. Candidate of CPS (b) B. Ommans with certain difficulties was included in the detachment.

The detachment immediately went to his base located in the forest massif of the Boyka Mountains. In the second half of November 1941, the Kuibyshev Partisan detachment was unexpectedly attacked by German punishers, was defeated and stopped existing ... German troops were suspiciously quickly mastered in the area, they got to the detachment base located far in the mountains.

It seems that there was a direct betrayal. In this regard, for reflections, I bring a small passage from the article by Yaya Kasimov (see "Lenin Bayragi" dated 04/06/1989), where it says: "A resident of Makhachkala A.I. Olesha (participant of the partisan movement in Crimea) wrote the editorial office of the magazine "Star" that Mokrusov hundreds of those who escaped from the occupiers and taking into their hands the weapons, and sought to fight the Germans of Patriots - Tatars drove from the forest and betrayed the Hitlerians. "

Read more about the tragedy of the Kuibyshev partisan detachment, you can read in the essay of Bekira Osmananov "Revised Dzhenkäver Cunleri" "front weekdays of the detachment") (Jeldyz magazine, No. 5, 1989).

I consider it necessary to emphasize that this essay is dedicated to one combat operation of the Sevastopol partisan squad. In the sketch, it is briefly reported about the defeat of the Kuibyshev detachment in November 1941. On some details of this tragedy, you can also find out from my article "Akyat Those Machine" in the newspaper Yanga Dunya dated May 8, 1991.

Returning to the question of the partisan activities of Bekira Osmanova, it should be said that it was mainly in the composition of the Sevastopol partisan detachment. Bekir Osmanov also performed separate intelligence tasks of the command of the Crimean Partisans and for the courage and heroism shown at the highest government award. (See: Interview G.L. Severskaya newspaper "Pulluk", 09/10/1989) Thus, Bekir Osmanov was a party to the partisan movement in Crimea in 1941-1942. Later he was sent to the rear for treatment and recreation.

... On the pages of the Crimean newspapers published in Russian, many years periodically appear articles in which the issue of the degree of participation of the Crimean Tatars in the underground and partisan movement is emerging.

The ratio of the Crimean Tatars to the occupation regime was the character of mass, spontaneous resistance. In connection with the eviction of the Crimean Tatars, at one time this question remained unexplored. The underground anti-fascist activities of many Crimean Tatars remained unexplored. They did not write about their work and the struggle of reports, there are no information about them in the archives.

The authors of many slanderous articles defend a long time convicted and discarded, a false thesis that, in the underground and partisan movement, the role of the Crimean Tatars, allegedly, was relatively less than among Russian and other peoples, whose representatives lived then in the Crimea. Conversely, allegedly, collaborators in the Crimean Tatars were more than among other nationalities. As arguments of this lie, data of falsified archives, dubious sources are used, are engaged in lifting facts and direct deception.

The secrets of this kitchen are disclosed, exposed in a number of articles, but these articles in the Crimea are printed only in Crimean Tatar ... Given this circumstance, I found it necessary to remind those numbers and "facts", which often repeat our enemies in their writings, and give them An objective explanation ...

In the articles often repeat the data that in January 1943 there were only 262 partisans in Crimea, of which Russians - 145, Ukrainians - 68, Belarusians - 6, Tatars - 6, Georgians - 6 and others ... here "not noticed" two Important moment. First, in the fall of 1942, the command was evacuated to the large land of the numerous group of partisans for treatment and recreation.

According to the analysis of the professor of the Muzafarov Refirmation, this evacuation was caused by the fact that civilians withstand the conditions of the partisan life for the construction service in the army (by age or for health). Thus, by January 1943, a small number of young, healthy people was left in the forests of Crimea.

However, the prevailing majority of the remaining partisans of the Russian and Ukrainian nationality before the war were not residents of the Crimea. These were those who fell into the partisan forest from the existing parts of the Red Army, who failed in the fall of 1941 to break into the deposited Sevastopol and forced to retreat to the partisans. After an unsuccessful Sudak landing (January 1942), a part of the soldiers survived, also made his way to the partisans of the Crimea. Among the 262 people mentioned, as R. Muzafarov writes, "were the Crimean Tatars, but there were very few of them, about several dozen people."

Sometimes they pull out such a fact. "In the partisan detachments, 4 Tatarin fought for 2.5 years." Of this "information", the reader has the impression that hundreds of two and a half years have served in the partisan detachments of two and a half years, thousands of only four people. In fact, this is not at all. In fact, such (fought in the forests of partisans the entire period of the German occupation of the peninsula - ed.) It was only 27 people. Of these, 14 military, (they were not the inhabitants of the Crimea). From the remaining 13 partisans - the inhabitants of the Crimea - four were the Crimean Tatars. This ratio is quite normal.

Such data are published that by January 15, 1944, 3735 people were published in the partisan detachments of Crimea. Of these, Russians - 1944, Ukrainians - 348, Belarusians - 22, Crimean Tatars - 598 (of which 262 people earlier served in the volunteer formations of the Germans), 69 Armenians, 134 Georgians (of them were previously in the volunteer formations of the Germans) and representatives of others nationalities.

Analyzing this material, R. Muzafarov revealed that in January 1944 a significant part of the partisans who spoke in Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages \u200b\u200bbefore the war were not residents of Crimea. In addition, the most prevailing majority of them were previously served in the voluntary formations of the occupiers. This fact of Muzafarov confirmed, bringing special excerpts from the "documentaries" by N. Lugovoy ("Pobralyuma", 1966), A. Lazokina ("Volunteers", the newspaper "Krymskaya Pravda dated 08/16/1967), and also from work "The brothers say" (Simferopol, 1968).

Thus, in January 1944, among the Crimean partisans of various nationalities (Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, Armenians, Crimean Tatars, Azerbaijanis, and others), a significant amount was the people previously located in various voluntary formations of the Germans. All these are facts from which the slanderers can not turn in any way.

In 1942-43, in Simferopol and in other cities of Crimea there were part of the so-called "Russian Liberation Army" (ROA) and other voluntary formations, equipped, mainly from captive redarmeys and often not by their goodwill, but by applying cunning fascist methods In specialist and prisons for prisoners of war. Therefore, it is not by chance that these volunteers "with weapons in their hands, one way and groups joined the partisans when it was possible. It was not easy and not easy. But it was all. The author of these lines witnessed everything that was said above.

The authors of the slanderous articles "forget" or simply deny that in 1941-42 the commander of the partisan movement in the Crimea of \u200b\u200bMokrusov and the Martynov Commissioner held openly hostile policies against the Crimean Tatars, accusing the people in all the failures of the partisans, they were the culprits themselves - Mokrousov and Martynov.

In decisions of October 18, 1942, the Bureau of the Crimean Committee of the WCP (b) strongly condemned the wrong, politically harmful arguments that, allegedly, the Crimean Tatars are hostile to partisans. The regional committee emphasized that "Crimean Tatars, like all other workers of the Crimea, are hostile to the German and Romanian occupiers." In the text of the resolution on food bases, partisans said this: "Although the product bases were looted by the fascists, but it was regarded as crimes of Crimean Tatars and citizens appeared in the forest".

I want to emphasize that newspapers, printing slanderous materials about partisan movement, completely ignore this wise, objective and relevant to this day Resolution of the Bureau of the Crimean Committee of the Party.

On November 10, 1989, an interview with the Chairman of the Regional Committee of the Crimean Partizan, the Chairman of the Regional Committee of the Crimean Partizan, was published Seversky, who in 1941-42 was deputy commander, and from the end of 1942 and in 1943 - the commander of the movement of the Crimean partisans. Responding to the questions of the correspondents of the newspaper, he reported on the preparatory work (the acquisition of partisan detachments, preparation of the material base in 1941) and on the results of the combat activities of the Crimean partisans in 1941-42.

Materials interviews such a competent person as G.L. Seversky, were largely very solid and exhaustive. These data indicate that in the ranks of partisans against the fascist invaders from the beginning and to the end of the occupation of the Crimea, the Crimean Tatars were actively fought selflessly. However, in his interview. The Seversky actually also ignored the Resolution of the Bureau of the Crimean Committee of the Party of October 18, 1942. Indeed in 1941-42. Seversky was the deputy commander of the movement of the Crimean partisan Mokrusov. For admitted violations in partisan movement, Georgy Leonidovich himself bears a certain responsibility.

In an interview, it was especially emphasized that in many books and publications after the eviction of the Crimean Tatars, the names of advanced people of the people are not mentioned or given in perverted, outlined form. In the books of Vergasov, Perentaneva, Macedonian, outstanding partisans-patriots of the Motherland from the Crimean Tatars are depicted as "enemies of the people", "German spies".

But I categorically disagree with the General Seversky qualifies of these acts of slander against the Crimean Tatars as "rough mistakes", admitted to individuals. All this is provocations committed for the outline, insult and destruction of the Crimean Tatars, to justify the crime on May 18, 1944, it is impossible to pretend not to understand all this. The authors of such books containing slander, inciting national dislike, insulting the honor and dignity of the Crimean Tatars, like any other people, should be attracted to justice.

Many decades have passed since the events discussed occurred. Currently, it is obvious that it is correct to appreciate, qualify the activities of the leaders of the partisan movement in Crimea in 1941-1942. Perhaps only taking into account the general political situation in the Crimean ASSR in the pre-war years and at the very beginning of the war with Germany.

Before starting the war, the political situation in Crimea was very difficult. By someone's evil will among the population circulated different, not quite understandable rumors.

This is what the late Yaya Kasimov wrote about this (Minister of Justice of the Crimean ASSR in the pre-war years - Ed.) In the article "Boo Olgian Edidi" ("As it was") in the newspaper "Lenin Bayragi dated 04.01.1989:

"In the late 1930s, in the context of repression, fear, hopelessness from the arsenals of royal officials was raised by the expulsion of all Crimean Tatars from Crimea. All this, as at a tsarism, justified the possibility of war with Germany and Turkey. Talking about this was worried, greatly disturbed people. Time has shown that these fears were not groundless. It came to the point that in the first days of the war in the military registration and enlistment offices of the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe Young Crimean Tatars in our armed forces did not take "...

I, Osmanov Seitumer, born in 1907, the author of these lines was a witness, an eyewitness witness that was written in the article by Yaya Kasimov. I should notice that at the beginning of the war with the German fascism, I was twice invited me to the draft point of the Sevastopol City Military Office. Both times, having read my passport, a military ticket of the younger lieutenant, documents on education and a degree, without a medical examination and without motivation were returned home. The same happened after my move to work in Kuibyshev district to the district center Albat. In the Kuibyshev district, the same way across the Agronomy Bekir Osmanov, and with a teacher of physics from Buyuk Ozenbash Ramazan Ismailov. All these people were not members of the Communist Party.

Having thought about everything that was said, the crimes committed by the commander of the Crimean partisans Mokrousov and sent from the center of Commissioner Martynov, involuntarily comes to the conclusion that all these phenomena, events, the facts were links of one single cunning chain of political provocations. Only L. Beria in Moscow could be organized by the guide center of these political, ideological and military provocations in Moscow and its field bodies. There is no doubt that all this was done with the knowledge and consent of the country's political leadership at the head of I.V. Stalin.

Consequently, Martynov and Mokrusov carried out instructions of the Beria departments - false, slandering, political and military provocations artificially created "Materials", compromising the people of the Crimean Tatars to justify the then secret plans for the expulsion of the Crimean Tatars from their historic homeland. There is no doubt that these plans were then really secret for many party bodies and including for the bureau of the Crimean Committee of the Party.

It was for this reason that the bureau of the Crimean Committee of the Party managed to objectively, truthfully understand and find out, condemn the antitask activities sent from the Martynov Center, as well as Mokrousov, and remove them from leading the movement of Crimean partisans, and to a certain extent to correct the situation. I say "to a certain extent" because provocations against the Crimean Tatars had a place in the partisan movement and in the next 1943-1944. The decision of the Bureau of the Crimean Committee of the 1942 Party, devoted to the analysis of errors in the partisan movement, about the elimination of Martynov and Mokrusov had a great political importance, they are also currently ...

At Maevka-rally on May 2, 1997, the first secretary of the CCP L. Grac came out against the "rewriting of history". He would like to leave, keep the history of the Crimea with the seal of the 1944 genocide.

Will not work…

Seitumer Ottomans,

partisan Member of Crimea

28.04.2019

Nursultan offered three dialogues

During the speech at the session of the second forum of international cooperation, "one belt, one way" in Beijing Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed a new geopolitical reality "Three D". - "Three D" means the need to establish "three dialogues". The first affects the global level - this is a dialogue between the United States, Russia, China and the European Union, "Elbasy said ...

27.04.2019

Meduts Khalilov took Budapest

Khalilov Mitets (Medzhit) Seidametovich, participant in the Great Patriotic War. According to the act of 10/15/1945 by l / s of the 12th Guards Cavalry Cossack Don Corsunsky Red Banner Division (Division Commander - Major General V. Grigorovich, Location of Dislocation - Novocherkassk) Feldsher Squadron Communication Guard Senior Lieutenant Medical Services Khalilov Mitets Seidametovich was awarded a medal ...

Khalilov Enver Mamedovich, born in 1921, was drafted into the RKKK in 1941 by the Balaklava RVK of the Crimean ASSR. Non-party. Order No. 09 / N of August 22, 1943 on the 21st Army Cannon Artillery Brigade (67th Army of the Leningrad Front) An intelligence officer of the 2nd battery of Private Khalilov Enver Mamedovich was awarded the medal "For courage" for ...

26.04.2019

How much is the summer Crimea

Rest in Crimea in the next summer per person will be on average at 2,800 rubles a day, the head of the Committee of the Crimean Parliament on the sanatorium complex and tourism Alexei Chernyak. According to him, the Crimea is the most popular resort in Russia, where vacationers are planning to spend their holidays in 2019, and ...

Asan Khalilev was a parlorg of a fighter artbalon

Ten days after the liberation of the Crimea from the German-fascist invaders, the leadership of the Crimean ASSR was decided to establish a commission on the history of the Great Patriotic War in order to collect documents on the activities of underground organizations and partisan movement in the Crimea. The Commission worked for three years - until June 1947. During this time, documents of the initial period of war were collected (June - November 1941), the defense of Sevastopol; Memories of commanders and fighters; Transcripts conversations with guerrillas and underground workers; Lists of underground groups, biographies, premium sheets underfiders. The Commission Foundation was formed not only at the expense of documents: members of the Commission replenished with partisan newspapers, leaflets, verses and songs about the war.

In addition, the richest photo material was assembled: about 600 photos about the under-partisan movement in the Crimea.

Of the documents collected by the Commission on a paper basis, 248 cases are formed (excluding photodocuments). The Commission Fund was deposited by the party archive of the Crimean Committee of the Party. Photo modifers were not described, their account was conducted on the magazine, which recorded photographs. Subsequently, they were generally withdrawn from the Archival Foundation of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War. Currently, these photos are described and included in the collection of photodocuments on the history of the Crimea, stored in the state march in Ar Crimea.

September 22, 2007, on the day of partisan glory, the Archids for the first time exhibited photos collected 60 years ago by members of the Commission, in the reading room of the archive. The exhibition caused interest among scientists and local history.

In this issue of the magazine, we begin the publication of the Popole Pareti of the Partisan Movement in the Crimea of \u200b\u200b1941-1944.

L.P. Kravtsova, historian-archivist

Commander of the Central Headquarters Partisan Crimea Colonel M. T. Lobov and Commissioner of the Northern Connection Partisan N. D. Lugovaya with members of the headquarters for the analysis of a combat operation. August 1942

Commander of the 2nd District Partisan Crimea I. G. Genov with partisan combat friends - Soviet pilots. 1942

The commander of the F. I. Fedorenko's squad with a group of partisans going on a combat operation. 1942

Partisans on vacation in the break between battles. 1942

Partisans at the grave of comrades who died in battle in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Upper Cocasans. 1942

Crimean partisans are listeners of courses at CPSP. From left to right (Sit): Ivan Matveevich Strelnikov, Anatoly Nikolayevich Smirnov (died at the end of December 1943), Alexander Kharitonovich Lomakin, G. F. Akhmetov (died in 1944); (Stand): Fedor Panteleevich Krashevsky (died in January 1944) and Jan Alfredovich Kalnin (died in January 1944). Moscow, 1942

Group of Crimean partisans on the treatment in the hospital. Sochi, November 1942

Returning partisans from combat task. 1943

A member of the Underground Regional Party Center E. P. Kolodyagnaya and Radist S. P. Locked for the transfer of another radiogram to the Great Earth. August 1943

The doctor of P. V. Mikhailenko provides medical care to the wounded partisan. 1943

Partisans with a cargo on a privala in the forest. August 1943

Authorized by the Special Department of the 1st Partizan Brigade E. P. Kolodyazhnaya (Right) and the head of the intelligence group Major G. A. Arabajiyev ("Sergo") in the forest. August 1943

The commander of the northern connection of the Crimea guerrilla in the forest. From left to right: Commissioner of the 5th Brigade M. M. Egorov, commander of the 1st Brigade F. I. Fedorenko, head of the intelligence group Major G. A. Arabadzhiev ("Sergo"). August 1943

Commander of the Northern Connection Partisan of Crimea P. Ya. Yampolsky with a group of partisans for discussing the Operation Plan. 1943

Partisans who received awards. From left to right (sit): A. Slavinsky, P. Evseukova, N. Sharov, S. Mukovnin, P. Yampolsky, I. Kurakov, V. Bulatov, A. Osipenko, Leschinner, D. Yermakov, Menbariev, Mustafaev; (Stand): N. Belyalov, Oleinikov, M. Aberimov. Sochi, September 1943

Partisan camp in winter. 1944

The sabotage group of the northern compound partisans: Shvetsov, Strelnikov, Kostyk, Dubovitsky, Zlotnikov, Belyaev. 1974

The mother and daughter of Frolov - the cooks of the 17th round of the 6th Brigade - for the cooking of the partisans. 1944

The guerrillas of the 2nd squad of the northern connection before sending to a combat operation. 1944

Head of the Medical Service of the South Connection Partizan of Crimea G. F. Ivana (left) and medical sister N. I. Ardabyeva in the battle dosor. 1944

Commander of the 2nd Brigade of the Eastern Union Partisan Crimea N. K. Kotelnikov (left) and headquarters of the Northern Union of Vinogradov for the repair of uniforms. 1944