Cult Soviet military adventure films introduced us to many legendary intelligence officers. One of the first such fighters of the invisible front was Hero Soviet Union Lev Efimovich Manevich, the prototype of the hero of E. Vorobyov's book "Land, on demand" and the feature film of the same name.

When he was leaving on a business trip, his father told him: "You will not be able to come to Chausy on vacation, but maybe you have an address, or they change so quickly that my letters will not catch up with you." To which Lev replied: "I have a permanent address - Earth, poste restante."

early years

In the Mogilev province in the provincial Belarusian town of Chausy in Jewish family On August 20, 1898, Israel Chaimovich Manevich was born, that was the name at the birth of the future Soviet intelligence officer Lev Efimovich Manevich.

In a provincial provincial town, where there were only two cobbled streets - Mogilevskaya and Long, and the meandering river Basya, his early childhood passed. The family lived in the District in a spacious wooden house at number 39 on Kooperativnaya Street, later renamed Manevich. The family, by local standards, did not live in poverty, the father worked as a small employee. According to the memoirs of fellow countrymen, his parents were considered kind, friendly and generous people.

Sister Amalia and brother Yakov, who later took the name Jacques, were active participants in the revolutionary movement.

Engineering and revolutionary education

An important role in the life of Lev Efimovich Manevich was played by his elder brother Jacques. During the 1905 revolution, he was arrested for possession of weapons and proclamations and sentenced to hard labor. With the help of his sister and comrades, in 1906 he organized an escape from the Bobruisk fortress, having drugged the guards with opium.

With the help of the revolutionary underground, he crossed the German border through the Lithuanian forests and then moved to Basel, where he entered Medical College. After several years of living in Switzerland, his comrades brought his younger brother Israel to him from the Belarusian outback. Upon arrival, the boy, following the example of his older brother, changed his name and became Lev Manevich.

Thanks to Jacques, the boy received a good education - first in Zurich, then he studied in Geneva, having perfectly learned three foreign languages. Together with his brother, who became a Bolshevik, he attended lectures on the first Russian revolution in 1905 by Vladimir Lenin at the People's House of Zurich.

The first years after returning

In April 1917, the brothers escorted to Russia the famous train that took Lenin and a group of revolutionary emigrants. And two months later, two young specialists - a physician and an engineer - also returned home.

In Russia, Lev was drafted into the Russian army. In the First World War, his participation was very short-lived, the revolution began. At the end of 1917, a very young nineteen-year-old Lev Efimovich Manevich was appointed chairman of the Workers' City Board.

In 1918, he volunteered for the Red Army as an ordinary Red Army soldier in an international regiment in Baku. Even then, his leadership qualities manifested themselves, and soon he was appointed commissar of an armored train. He then served as commander of a special forces unit and in the intelligence department of the Red Army. Manevich fought in the civil war on the Eastern Front and in the Caucasus.

After the war

After demobilization, Lev Efimovich Manevich began working on the Kazan Railway. He lived in Samara, then in Ufa, where he met his future wife Mikhina Nadezhda Dmitrievna.

The young family moved to Moscow, at first they lived with Lev's friend, Yakov Starostin, with whom they fought together in the civil war. They lived very hard in order to feed their little daughter Tanya and his young wife, Lev had to earn extra money at night unloading wagons. And when Nadezhda's dress literally fell apart from dilapidation, he had to split a large pile of firewood in payment for a new dress.

At this time, Lev studied at the Higher School of Staff Service of the Red Army Command Staff, from which he graduated in 1921. The study was given to him well, he easily assimilated the material taught, approached each issue studied systematically, with healthy criticism.

Path to exploration

In 1924 he graduated military academy Red Army, and in 1929 - courses at the Air Force Academy. Zhukovsky. He wanted to become a military pilot, but shortly before graduating from the academy he received a referral to military intelligence. In the description of those years, a prominent Soviet military figure, Lev Efimovich Manevich, it is written: he is of a strong character, very energetic, neat and disciplined, sometimes a little hot.

After graduating from the academy, Lev was appointed head of the regimental school in rifle division. Then he worked in various positions in the intelligence department, the secretariat, the affairs department at the headquarters of the country's armed forces. At the same time, in the biography of Lev Manevich, the first intelligence trip to Germany took place, from November 1925 to March 1927.

For almost a year in 1927, he was on probation as a commander of a rifle company. In 1929, he served for six months as an observer pilot in the 44th separate aviation detachment in Georgia.

Comrade Etienne

In the early 1930s, Lev Efimovich Malevich was sent to intelligence work in Italy, where he became an engineer Konrad Kertner under the operational pseudonym Etienne. Prior to that, he had already worked in Germany and Austria.

Manevich was a good engineer and entrepreneur, and soon the company, which according to legend he managed, began to generate income. Almost all business income was smuggled into the Soviet Union.

Recently, they began to write that, in addition to collecting intelligence information, another specialization of Comrade Etienne was the preparation and organization of the liquidation of enemies of the Soviet government, including emigrants and defectors. In the second half of the 1930s, he completed a number of important assignments for kidnapping and murder abroad. Of course, no one could suspect a Soviet liquidator in a respectable, successful businessman.

Bureau "Eureka"

Soon after moving to Italy, the wealthy, elegant and sociable owner of the international office of patents and inventions, Eureka, began to be accepted in the highest secular and military circles. Konrad Kertner, as a wealthy businessman, made many acquaintances in business circles, mainly in areas related to the military industry.

Eureka began to represent the interests of leading German aviation, shipbuilding and engineering companies outside the Third Reich. Manevich traveled a lot around Europe, collecting intelligence information. As an entrepreneur demonstrating his loyalty to fascism, he visited Spain, where Franco began to win.

The main achievement in the biography of Lev Efimovich Manevich was that, as an excellent aviation engineer, he gained access to the latest military developments. German and Italian aircraft technicians frequently invited Kertner to meetings to troubleshoot prototype aircraft engines.

Etienne, using extensive connections in the military and industrial circles, was able to obtain information about some of the plans of the German Wehrmacht and the latest technology - submarines, tanks, aircraft. The obtained information helped the Soviet design bureaus to take into account the achievements of German and Italian engineers in their developments. In connection with the successful intelligence activities in 1935, Manevich was awarded the rank of colonel.

Imprisonment in Italy

In December 1936, Konrad Kertner was arrested on the basis of a denunciation by the Italian counterintelligence as an Austrian citizen. In February 1937 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison. The Turin court stated that he managed to establish contacts in the largest industrial centers of Italy and attract experienced specialists who worked in enterprises that supplied the German and Italian armed forces.

Even while in prison, Lev Efimovich Manevich was able to collect valuable information. He learned from the workers of military factories, who were put in the same cell with him, the secret of the recipe for Krupp armor steel. In the Soviet Union, they did not yet know how to cook such steel, which protects against medium-caliber projectiles. Etienne was able to find out and transfer to the center through lawyers technical description and drawings of a new cruiser, features of blind flying and night bombing.

In conclusion, Manevich fell ill with tuberculosis, the meager prison budget "ate" the payment for medicines, and there was not enough money for food. Taking advantage of the coup d'état, in September 1943 he tried to escape, but occupying German troops entered Italy. Konrad Kertner, as an Austrian citizen, was transferred to Germany, but it quickly became clear that there had never been a person with that name in the country. Then he passed himself off as Colonel Yakov Starostin, his old friend.

Last years

Manevich spent two years in various concentration camps in Austria, seriously ill with tuberculosis, he became a member of the camp underground. The concentration camp in which he was imprisoned was liberated on May 6, 1945 by American troops, and on May 12 Manevich died and was buried as Colonel Yakov Starostin.

The highest awards in the biography of Lev Efimovich Manevich appeared only posthumously. On February 20, 1965, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union. In the same year, his ashes were transferred to the cemetery of Soviet soldiers and a slab was installed with his real name - Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Manevich Lev Efimovich.

Wrote on October 14th, 2012

Lev Efimovich Manevich

The remains of the Soviet intelligence officer Hero of the Soviet Union Lev Manevich, who died immediately after the liberation of the Ebensee concentration camp in May 1945, rest at the cemetery of Soviet soldiers in the Austrian city of Linz.

Manevich rwas born in 1898 in a poor Jewish family in the Mogilev province. Manevich grew up in a traditionally religious Jewish family, where all holidays and traditions were observed, but by conviction he was an atheist ..

Lev Efimovich (Izrailevich)Manevich - legendary Soviet spy 1930 - 1940s.His name as a scout is "Étienne". In Italy, he used the name Konrad Kertner, while in German prisons and camps he was "Colonel Starostin"

As a child (1907-1916), Manevich lived in Switzerland, where he was taken by his older brother Yakov, who was in exile. There he graduated from the technical department of the college in Geneva (1916). During the First World War (1916) he returned to Russia and entered the military service.

In the Red Army, Manevich fought from 1918 as a member of the famous International Regiment in Baku. There he joined the CPSU (b). All his colleaguesunanimously noted his inherent qualities: courage and the ability to influence people with a word. So, one day, unarmed Manevich convinced a detachment of several hundred rebels to lay down their arms and surrender without bloodshed. Moreover, the rebels who believed Manevich themselves escorted him to the location of the Red Army units.

Then he was transferred to Samara. He was the commander of the CHON detachment, the commissar of the armored train, fought banditry on the Volga.

At the end of the civil war, Manevich graduated from the Higher School of Staff Service of the Red Army (1921) and the Military Academy of the Red Army (1924).

Then Manevich became an employee for special assignments of the Secretariat of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, the Administration of the NKVM and the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, and from November 1925 to March 1927 he was on intelligence work in Germany. From May to November 1927, Manevich worked as the head of the sector of the 3rd department of the RU of the Red Army headquarters. After studying at the Improvement Courses for the Red Army Air Force commanders at the Air Force Academy of the Red Army. prof. N. E. Zhukovsky (1929) Manevich was appointed head of the regimental school of the 55th Infantry Division.

During the year he underwent an internship as a company commander and for six months he was an observer pilot in an air squadron in Georgia (until October 1929).

As an agent of the GPU, Manevich worked abroad for a long time. Excellently educated, Manevichfluent in English, German, French, Italian, Russian and Yiddish andwas a very efficient employee, extracting valuable information. One of his specialties was organizing the murders of "enemies of Soviet power" abroad, including emigrants, defectors, etc. Officially, he was in the service of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR. One can treat this “dirty” matter as badly as one likes, but then among the revolutionaries these murders were a continuation of the struggle to strengthen the power of the people, for the triumph of communism, in which they firmly believed. Surprisingly different. Manevich was a supporter of Trotsky, but he was not touched, although all Trotskyists were repressed.

In 1929-1932. Manevich was the head of the illegal military-technical residency in Italy, he worked under the name of the Austrian businessman Konrad Kertner, representing timber companies. February 1930-October 1932. changed the sign and became the head of the International Bureau of Inventions and Patents "Eureka". Manevich created a residency in Milan, his information was highly appreciated in the Center, however, due to a failure in October 1932, he was forced to leave the country.

Since 1934 Manevich returned to Italy. He was still engaged in military-technical intelligence (industrial espionage) and incarried out the most important tasks of kidnapping and killing "enemies" of Soviet power abroad.

Then he gets involved in some kind of operation with stolen diamonds, art treasures and drugs. WasRested in Vienna, but avoided trial, he continued his work as a resident.In 1935, when the ranks were restored, he was awarded military rank POlkovnik.

As a result of the betrayal, on December 12, 1936, Manevich was arrested. An extract from the verdict of the Turin court has been preserved. In January 1937 the court stated:

“The criminal activity of Kertner was extensive: he extended his tentacles also to Turin, Genoa, Bologna, Brescia and La Spezia. He managed to attract valuable specialists and experienced technicians who were in the service of industrial enterprises supplying the Italian and German armed forces."

In February 1937, Manevich was sentenced to 15 years in prison. In the future, until his death, Manevich was in Italian prisons and German concentration camps.

Some sources say that even from imprisonment, he was able to transmit important information. I have some doubts about this. I would like information about this to be eventually disclosed by the intelligence agencies, if they exist. So far, the archives are completely closed.

Some (for example, the writer Anatoly Aramisov, who wrote the novel “Kings Are the Last to Die” about Austrian concentration camps based on the stories of his grandfather Sokolov, a prisoner of Mauthausen, Sachsenhausen and Ebensee) believe that Manevich could not receive information while in prison, and, moreover, transfer it to the Soviet Union. Aramisov suggests that if this really happened, then Manevich was recruited and played a double game from prison (http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/32455/post104284315/).

The next episode of Manevich's biography is also not very clear. In September 1943, Manevich was released by American troops from a prison located on the island. However, having crossed from the island to the mainland, Manevich fell directly into the hands of the Germans, who had just before that sent their troops into Italian territory. Aramisov believes that this is unforgivable for an experienced intelligence officer. Aramisov considers this a betrayal of Manevich and a continuation of the game with Soviet intelligence.

One way or another, but according to official sources, Manevich did not reveal himself in captivity. Moreover, having been captured by the Germans, he ceased to be Konrad Kertner and became Colonel Yakov Starostin, a metal worker (Starostin was Manevich's friend in the service on an armored train). After prison, he is sent to the Austrian concentration camps - Mauthausen, Melk and, finally, Ebensee.

Official sources say that in the Ebensee concentration camp, Manevich led an underground organization and often refused to go to work. Aramisov calls this into question. According to his grandfather, he claims that absence from work was punishable by death. If a prisoner did not go to work and was not shot, it meant only one thing - such a prisoner collaborated with the Germans.

Such a heroic episode is also attributed to Manevich. AT last days war, Etienne (Manevich) saved the lives of 16 thousand prisoners of the Ebensee camp, having managed to shout at three languages a column of prisoners so that they stop moving towards the adit, which the Nazis planned to blow up with them. The column stopped and did not budge, thousands of lives were saved.

Aramisov says that his grandfather was in this column, but did not hear that Manevich called for anything to the column of prisoners. But the fact that they refused to enter the adit really happened. The guards did not cope with this act of defiance, and it saved the lives of the prisoners, although some were killed by the guards.

Aramisov believes that if Manevich had not collaborated with the Germans, he would have been shot long ago as a Jew, and this is another proof that Manevich was in a special position in the camp.

On May 6, 1945, American troops liberated the prisoners of the concentration camp, but as the official version says, Manevich was already seriously ill, and died of tuberculosis a few days later.Before his death, Lev Manevich managed to say to his friend:

"Tell Moscow, I'm Etienne (one of the scout's pseudonyms). Tell them not to touch the family. I did everything I could ... Remember, Etienne."

Aramisov claims that Manevich died not from tuberculosis, but from the fact that, when serving soup to American soldiers, he did not limit himself to a small portion, but ate a whole bowl, and this meant certain death for starving people. This is how many prisoners died after their release. So, probably, Manevich also died, - Aramisov believes.

American soldier with two Ebensee prisoners

But here is the official date of his death on May 12th. Six days have passed since the release. The version with soup in this case shatters to smithereens.

One more thing. In the comments to the information about Manevich in the LiveJournal community chtoby_remembered (http://chtoby-pomnili.livejournal.com/299749.html) one of the participants wrote that his father, a prisoner of Ebensee, told the writer Vorobyov, the author of the book about Manevich "Land, on demand", about Manevich's order, since he and was the same prisoner whom Manevich asked to convey his last message-request. Here is the text:

egmont1 wrote:
Addition

It is very strange that Mr. Vorobyov, who for several days received information about Manevich from my father Airapetov Grant Grigoryevich, did not consider it necessary to mention that it was my father who was the same prisoner to whom Manevich gave the last assignment in his life. Egmont

Aramisov was not interested in this. This did not attract his attention, although, in my opinion, he should have, first of all, asked about the details of the participant in the discussionegmont1, or at least ask if his father is alive and if he has any other information about Manevich.

Manevich was buried under the name of Colonel Starostin, but in the middle of 1948 his ashes were reburied at the San Martin Süd cemetery in the Austrian city of Linz, where soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of Austria. At that time, an obelisk was erected on the grave of Manevich with the inscription:

"Here lie the ashes Soviet colonel Starostin Yakov Nikitich. Died May 12, 1945.

But in 1965, Manevich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Only after that was the inscription on the obelisk of the grave of Colonel Starostin changed. And now people visiting the quiet cemetery on the western outskirts of Linz will find out that Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel L.E. Manevich.

There are many surprises in this story. Someone else in 1948 carried the ashes of Manevich. Someone petitioned to be awarded the title of Hero, and in 1965 Lev Efimovich Manevich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.Everyone knows that the Jews received this title with great difficulty. And then suddenly, after 20 years, they are awarded posthumously and, moreover,use his name to create an idealized image of a Soviet intelligence officer.

Manevich's life was described in E. Vorobyov's novel "Earth, on demand", and the novel, in turn, was the basis of the feature film of the same name, created in 1973 by director V. Dorman. The role of the main character was played by actor Oleg Strizhenov.

ATMogilevand Gomel streets are named after Manevich. In his homeland, in the city of Chausy near Mogilev, a street was also named after him, and a memorial plaque was erected.

Memor boards were installed in the city of Rylsk, Kursk Region, on the building of the Rylsk Aviation Technical College civil aviation and in Samara on the building of the Office of the Federal Security Service for the Samara Region.

Since 2007, the square near the Palace of Culture "Mir" in Samara has been named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, intelligence officer of the GRU of the General Staff, Colonel Lev Manevich.

It seems to me that if intelligence leaders had doubts about the loyalty Manevich , all this would not be. And the memorial plaques would have been removed long ago, and the streets would have been renamed again, and the title of Hero would have been taken away.

Service in the army

In 1917 he was drafted into the army, in April 1918 he voluntarily joined the Red Army and in the same year, into the Communist Party. Member of the civil war on the Eastern Front and the Caucasus, in 1918-20. was the commissioner of an armored train, staff worker, commander of a special detachment.

Graduated high school headquarters service of the command staff of the Red Army (1921), the Military Academy of the Red Army (1924) and courses at the Air Force Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky (1929), served in the intelligence department of the Red Army (since 1935 - colonel).

Service in intelligence

From the mid 1920s. until 1936, as an intelligence agent and a resident, he was in the West, mainly in Austria, Germany, Italy, and Spain. In the second half of the 1930s, he carried out tasks to organize the physical elimination of enemies of Soviet power abroad (mainly white émigrés and defectors). Officially transferred to the service in People's Commissariat Foreign Affairs of the USSR. In 1935 he was promoted to the rank of colonel.

Prison and concentration camp

In 1936 he was arrested by Italian counterintelligence and sentenced to 12 years in prison. But even in prison, he continued to collect and transmit valuable information.

In 1943 he was handed over to the Nazis and kept in the Mauthausen, Melk and Ebenze camps, where he posed as Colonel J. Starostin. In the concentration camp he became one of the leaders of the underground. Being seriously ill with tuberculosis, Manevich showed great willpower and courage by participating in the anti-fascist underground. He was released on May 6, 1945 by American troops, but soon died of tuberculosis. Buried in Linz.

Awards

In 1965, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Literature and cinema

Life legendary scout described in the novel by E. Vorobyov "Earth, on demand", which was the basis of the feature film of the same name, created in 1973 by director V. Dorman.

Jew. Colonel (1935). Hero of the Soviet Union (02/20/1965, posthumously). In the Red Army from 1918. Member of the Communist Party in 1918. He graduated from the technical department of the college in Geneva (1916), the Higher School of the Staff Service of the Red Army (1921), the Military Academy of the Red Army (1924), the advanced training courses for the command staff of the Red Army Air Force at the Air Force Academy of the Red Army. prof. N. E. Zhukovsky (1929). Fluent in English, German, French and Italian.

In 1907-1916 he lived in Switzerland, where he was taken by his older brother, who was in exile. On the military service since 1916 in the 123rd Kozlovsky regiment.

Red Army soldier of the international regiment in Baku (1918), participant civil war. CHON detachment commander, armored train commissar.

After graduating from the academy - head of the regimental school of the 55th rifle division.

At the disposal of the RU Headquarters of the Red Army (August 1924 - November 1925), an employee for special assignments of the Secretariat of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, the Administration of the NKVM and the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. On intelligence work in Germany (November 1925 - March 1927), head of the sector of the 3rd department of the RU of the headquarters of the Red Army (May-November 1927), underwent an internship as a company commander of the 164th rifle regiment (November 1927 - December 1928), an observer pilot in the 44th department. squadron in Georgia (May-October 1929).

Head of the illegal military-technical residence in Italy (1929-1930), he also worked there under the name of the Austrian businessman Konrad Kertner, representing timber companies, also acted as head of the International Bureau of Inventions and Patents "Eureka" (February 1930 - October 1932) . He created a residency in Milan, the information of which was highly appreciated at the Center. Due to the failure in October 1932 he was forced to leave the country.

From 1934 he again worked in Italy. As a result of betrayal, he was arrested on December 12, 1936. In January 1937, the Turin court stated: “Kertner's criminal activity was extensive: he extended his tentacles also to Turin, Genoa, Bologna, Brescia and La Spezia. He managed to attract valuable specialists and experienced technicians who were in the service of industrial enterprises supplying the Italian and German armed forces. Sentenced February 9, 1937 to 15 years in prison. Even from prison, he was able to convey important information. Was in Italian prisons and German concentration camps (1937-1945). In September 1943 he was liberated by American troops, but was later taken prisoner by the Germans. Contained under the name of Yakov Starostin, a metal worker, a friend of Manevich in the service on an armored train, in the Mauthausen, Melk and Ebenze concentration camps. Led an underground organization in the Ebensee concentration camp (Austria).

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(pseudonyms: Etienne, Colonel Starostin) - Soviet intelligence officer, colonel.

Born on August 20, 1898 in the city of Chausy, now the Mogilev region of Belarus, in the family of an employee. Jew. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. Studied at the University of Geneva (Switzerland). In 1917 he was drafted into the Russian army.

In the Red Army since April 1918. Member of the Civil War, was the commissar of an armored train, the commander of a special detachment.

From May 15, 1920 to June 15, 1921, L.E. Manevich worked in the city of Ufa, indicating in a personal questionnaire dated July 27, 1920: "... since February 1919 in Moscow, Samara, I have been working as an instructor of the Main Political Route, sent to transport by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee ... on May 15, 1920, appointed Dorpolit of Samara-Zlatoust railway... The current position is Zavraypolit Art. Ufa…"

Manevich L.E. was a member of the Bureau of the 2nd District Committee of the RCP (b) of the city of Ufa (later called the Zhdanovsky District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Soviet District Committee of the CPSU).

In 1921 L.E. Manevich graduated from the Higher School of Command Staff Staff, in 1924 - the Military Academy of the Red Army, and in 1929 - courses at the Air Force Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky. He served in the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army.

From the mid-20s to the early 30s of the 20th century, periodically being abroad, Lev Manevich showed remarkable intelligence qualities, great self-control and courage. Excellently educated, he was a very effective employee, extracting valuable information. In the second half of the 1930s, he carried out the most important government tasks to organize the physical elimination of enemies of the Soviet Union and Soviet power abroad, including white émigrés, defectors, and the like. He was officially transferred to serve in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR.

In 1935 L.E. Manevich was promoted to the rank of colonel.

Arrested in Vienna on suspicion of dealing in stolen diamonds, art treasures and drugs, but escaped trial.

During the Great Patriotic War Lev Manevich was arrested by the Italian fascist counterintelligence and sentenced by a court to imprisonment.

In 1943, he was handed over to the Nazis, who kept him in concentration camps in Austria - Mauthausen, Melk and Ebensee. In the incredibly difficult conditions of the concentration camps, where the brave Soviet intelligence officer was under the name of Colonel Ya.N. Starostina, being seriously ill with tuberculosis, L.E. Manevich showed high patriotism, great willpower and endurance, participated in the creation of underground groups among the prisoners of death camps ...

He was liberated by American troops on May 6, 1945, but soon, on May 9 (11), 1945, he died of tuberculosis. He was buried in the city of Linz (Austria).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 20, 1965, for the valor and courage shown in the performance of special tasks of the Soviet government before the Second World War and during the years of the struggle against fascism, Colonel Manevich Lev Efimovich posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Awards:

• The order of Lenin.

Memory:

In the homeland of the Hero, in the city of Chausy, a street was named after him, a memorial plaque was erected. The life of the legendary Soviet spy is told by the novel by E. Vorobyov "Earth, on demand", which was the basis of the feature film of the same name, created in 1973 by director V. Dorman.