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| Lesson we are the young guard. Development of the lesson "we are the young guard". People! As long as hearts are pounding |
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"Young Guards in the fire of war" Target: instilling in students a sense of deep patriotism, faith in people, readiness to defend the world, to defend theirHomeland. Tasks: to enrich the knowledge of students about the heroic past of their people, country; arouse interest in the past and present of their native land; show what contribution the children made to the victory over the enemy, the mass heroism of the people; to make schoolchildren feel proud of their people; foster a sense of responsibility for everything that happens in the world; develop students' skills and abilities to work with search material Form of conducting : a lesson in courage. Event progress The first verse of “Songs about Krasnodontsy” (lyrics by S. Ostrovy, music by V. Solovyov-Sedoy) sounds. In the heroic chronicle of the Great Patriotic War the Soviet people against the German fascist invaders an unfading page shines on the feat of the young underground workers of Krasnodon - members of the Young Guard Komsomol organization. In the harsh time of difficult trials, the Young Guard bravely fought the enemy and fulfilled their sacred duty to the end. The Young Guards ... Their military feat, courage and courage do not fade in decades. But the question arises: what gave them strength? Why in these young people, almost boys and girls, such a gigantic power of spirit? The answer is: they deeply loved their homeland, their people, were proud of them. Grade 10 student Anatoly Popov, who in a few months will join the "Young Guard", wrote in school essay: “The Soviet people prefer to die standing than live on their knees. This is the will of my people and this is my will. And when it is necessary to sacrifice myself to the Motherland, I will give my life without hesitation ... " The first verse of the sand sounds " Holy war”(Lyrics by V. Lebedev-Kumach, music by A. Alexandrov). 1941th year. The enemy has come to our land. All Soviet people, young and old, entered into a fierce battle with him. On July 20, 1942, the Germans entered Krasnodon. Motorized infantry rushed along the deserted streets of the hushed town, the boots of the invaders thundered. Tears and grief, humiliation and cruel reprisals against civilians were brought by the conquerors. There was no end to their atrocities. Oleg Koshevoy, the future commissar of the Young Guard, wrote poetry: Said Sweet and proud He defiled everything dear, Everyone, as one, let's take rifles, Fight! This idea arose simultaneously among many young men and women who found themselves in the occupied Krasnodon. But how? The guys did not have any weapons or experience ... Future Young Guards begin to act alone and in small groups. The party underground came to the aid of the Komsomol members. With his help, the young avengers created the Young Guard underground organization. The Young Guards were well aware that the fight against the enemy would be difficult, each of them risked their lives. In the oath of the Young Guard there are these words: “And if ... my life is required, I will give it without a moment of hesitation. If I break this sacred oath under torture or out of cowardice, then let my name, my relatives be forever cursed and I myself will be punished by the stern hand of my comrades ” Members of the underground organization "Young Guard" / On September 9, 1942, the Nazis committed one of their terrible atrocities: they buried 32 miners alive in the Krasnodon park, who refused to give coal for fascist Germany. The Young Guard swore on the grave of the tortured miners: "To avenge mercilessly for the burnt, destroyed cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of the hero miners."
The young patriots faithfully fulfilled their oath. They obtained weapons in battle, destroyed the enemy and equipment; listening to the radio, writing leaflets and hanging them in the city, organizing sabotage in warehouses with weapons. Fascist cars flew into the air, Nazi soldiers and officers disappeared without a trace. Two traitorous police officers were hanged in the city garden. The battle group led by Sergei Tyulenin destroyed the enemy convoy. The Young Guards freed more than 70 prisoners from the Volchensky concentration camp. Fascist robbers tried to steal 500 head of cattle to Germany. By order of the commander of the "Young Guard" Ivan Turkenich the battle group shot the guards outside the city, and dispersed the cattle in the nearest villages .
On November 7, 1942, red flags flew over the city. The whole day the Nazis could not take them off, as the Young Guards hung up a sign “Mined”. After the November holidays, the young avengers released 20 more Soviet prisoners of war who were doomed to die. Young patriots burned down the "labor exchange". There were lists of those who were to be driven to Germany. More than a thousand people were saved from German bondage by the Young Guards. Their heroism instilled confidence in the Soviet people. They saw that the enemy was being destroyed and believed in the victory of the Red Army. In the second half of December 1942, the retreat of the German troops defeated on the Volga began. Long carts passed through Krasnodon day and night. The hearts of Krasnodon residents were overwhelmed with joy, the end of the “new order” was approaching. The Germans tried in every possible way to hide their defeats at the front. And the Young Guards pasted leaflets, which told about what losses the enemy was suffering, what cities were liberated. But the enemy was still strong. By the end of 1942, the Young Guard haunted the Nazis and their accomplices. The German command, concerned about her activities, sent special forces of the Gestapo to Krasnodon, which were ordered to clear the rear of the partisans. The Young Guards were preparing for the most important operation - an armed uprising to come to the aid of the Red Army during the liberation of Krasnodon. But the young avengers did not have to meet the Red Army, because a traitor was in their ranks. “I found traces of an underground youth organization and became a member. When I got to know its leaders, I am writing a statement to you. Please come to my apartment, I will tell you everything in detail ... ”- wrote this text under the dictation of his stepfather, a former White Guard officer, police agent, traitor Pocheptsov. As soon as the arrests began, Sergei Tyulenin, at the risk of being arrested, ran around all the guys and warned everyone. The Young Guards were ordered to immediately leave the city in small groups to the agreed places and from there make their way into the partisan detachment. But the guys had to return to Krasnodon, as there were German patrols at every step. They grabbed everyone suspicious.
The Gestapo subjected the arrested Young Guard to inhuman torture. But they held on firmly. None of them betrayed their comrades. In the fascist dungeon, the Communists, their elder comrades, were examples of courage and resilience for the Young Guards. The culprit of the arrest of Oleg Koshevoy was an old man - a former kulak, to whom Oleg asked to spend the night, the police brutally beat Oleg. They threw him into the cell, already unconscious. After frequent interrogations and torture, regaining consciousness, he told his comrades that he needed to be firm to the end and die with dignity. At the last interrogation before his execution, Oleg said: “Don't ask me about the work of the Young Guard, I won't say a word. And also remember: you will never bring Soviet youth to their knees - they die standing. " Sergei Tyulenin's mother, Alexandra Vasilievna, was also arrested. During the fourth interrogation, she saw her Seryozha. Bloody rags barely covered the thin body, the bridge of the nose was broken. And then the worst thing happened. The son was tortured in front of the mother. The red-hot rod almost entered Seryozha's sore arm. In order not to scream, the mother clenched herself, gritted her teeth ... Then they undressed the 53-year-old woman and beat her in front of her son. Mother and son were silent. Then two policemen grabbed Seryozha, dragged him to the door, began to put his fingers in the cracks. Close your ears, mom, - asked Seryozha. - Ours will come, take revenge on the bastards for everything. Seryozha screamed terribly. Alexandra Vasilievna lost consciousness. To get the recognition they needed, the Nazis carved a five-pointed star on Ulya Gromova's back, but failed to break the will of the brave patriot.
Tolya Popov was so beaten during interrogation that his comrades carried him in their arms to the prison window so that his mother and sister could see him. When the tribunal tried the war criminal Otto Schön, while testifying, he told terrible things: “The prisoners were beaten until they lost consciousness, their legs and arms were broken, then they were doused with cold water and thrown into the punishment cell; pretended to be executed by hanging, and then the half-strangled were taken out of the noose, and other tortures were also used. The bodies of the arrested Young Guard were covered in bruises and abrasions. The torture of the Young Guards was intensified by the fact that we starved them. On all those arrested, I did not spend a single kilogram of bread, not to mention other food products, although we kept them for 10-12 days. They were not even given enough water
Eid al No! No! Forever not to be the Master to the enemy The exhausted Young Guard on January 15, 16 and 31, 1943, were taken to execution to the pit of mine No. 5. All of them were tortured, mutilated, half-naked and unclothed. Groups drove them into the dilapidated building of the mine bath. There they continued to beat and torture them, hoping to snatch a confession. But even in the face of death, the Young Guards were adamant, as in interrogations. They were shot at the edge of the pit, and some were thrown alive into a 50-meter pit. Pit of mine No. 5 - the place of execution of the Young Guards. And here, at the last line, the Communists were a model for the Young Guard. One of the policemen testified that the chairman of the Krasnodon City Council, Yakovlev, who was executed together with them, had a special influence on them; Gulya Blizzard and wind in the wild whirlwind. To hide the traces of the crimes, the executioners filled up the pit with stones and iron. For several days groans were heard from under the ground. The cry of mothers did not subside over Krasnodon.Soon the Red Army occupied the city. Krasnodon residents came to the pit where young patriots were shot. Numb, they stood. At the walls of the dilapidated bathhouse there are remnants of bloody clothes, combs, handkerchiefs ... And again unbearable black days. Hundreds of eyes watch the bucket, which goes deep into the pit. And now she rises up. Another mutilated body ... The Young Guards were difficult to recognize. The Red Army soon occupied the city. Krasnodon residents came to the pit where young patriots were shot. Numb, they stood. At the walls of the dilapidated bathhouse there are remnants of bloody clothes, combs, handkerchiefs ...
And again unbearable black days. Hundreds of eyes watch the bucket, which goes deep into the pit. And now she rises up. Another mutilated body ... The Young Guards were difficult to recognize. They were mutilated, some with stars carved on their chests. Mothers looked for signs of their children and recognized them by them. And so day after day for two weeks! Oleg Koshevoy was not among the executed Young Guard. Only on March 19, his body was found in the Rovno forest. At sixteen, he was completely gray. The Germans gouged out Oleg's left eye and burned the Komsomol ticket number on his chest. Oleg was buried on March 20 in Rovenki on the central square. Together with him, they buried the Young Guard Lyuba Shevtsova, Vitaly Subbotin, Semyon Ostapenko, Dima Ogurtsov. On March 1, 1943, Krasnodon said goodbye to its heroes. They were buried with military honors in a mass grave in the central square of the city. The surviving Young Guard and Red Army soldiers over the grave of young patriots swore an oath to avenge them
Mass grave of the Young Guard. The newspaper Pravda, dated September 15, 1943, wrote: “Soviet people will never forget the immortal feat of the organizers, leaders and members of the underground Komsomol organization Molodaya Gvardiya. The folk path will not grow to their grave ”. Forward, towards the dawn, Boldly forward, and step more firmly, After all, they themselves experienced We wore a chain on our souls - And drenched in sweat But this labor, in the end We are raising the banner!
Monument to the heroes of the Young Guard. You woke up cast in bronze You can also see the tops of the waste heaps, He came to you, living, not dead, In wreaths entwined with ribbons, believe me,
In June 1983, together with a group of schoolchildren, the students of our school visited the city of Krasnodon, in the museum of the Young Guards and saw memorable places where the young underground workers of Krasnodon, members of the Young Guard Komsomol organization, performed their heroic feat. Having come into contact with the feat, we have opened for ourselves one more page of the chronicle of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the German fascist invaders. The impressions received did not leave anyone indifferent,the interest in the heroic past of our people, our country was genuine, we learned about what contribution the children made to the victory over the enemy, what was the mass heroism of the people. We experienced a tremendous sense of pride in our people, which in inhuman conditions, under torture, retained in themselves feelings of deep patriotism, faith in people, stood up to defend their homeland. In the harsh time of difficult trials, the Young Guard bravely fought the enemy and fulfilled their sacred duty to the end. Thank them for our peaceful sky. People! Through the centuries, through the years Remember About those, Who will not come anymore Never. Remember! R. Rozhdestvensky "R equiem"
Let you die! .. But in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example a proud call for freedom, for light! THE IMMORTALITY OF YOUNG Materials for conducting class hour in 8 "B" class about the heroes of the Young Guards Prepared by: Abasova Luiza Gabibullaevna Abasova L.G. mathematic teacher I category MBOU secondary school # 25 First lesson in primary school "We are the Young Guard" Teacher development primary grades Struck N.M. Target: to expand children's ideas about the Great Patriotic War; contribute to the formation in children of a sense of belonging to history and responsibility for the future of the country; shape positive attitude to such qualities as patriotism, dedication, the desire to defend the Motherland. Classroom decoration and equipment: military illustrations, drawings; video clips, presentation. During the classes Teacher: “Children of War” is what your generation is called. You heard explosions of shells, shooting from machine guns and sniper rifles, hiding in the cellars. But we believe that soon it will end and a peaceful happy childhood will come. Back in 1941, the same boys and girls lived. They dreamed, were friends, loved. Just like you, we believed in a happy future. But their childhood ended on one terrible day - June 22, 1941. Have students read poems, the phonogram of the song "Sacred War" sounds (music by A. Alexandrova, lyrics Lebedev-Kumach) 1 reader . Childhood went on, strawberries ripened ... The day promised us silence. And it was ridiculous and wild That they suddenly declared war. We were expecting guests. Our mother, Starting to bustle at the table, Stared so intently straight And I could not hold back tears. 2 reader . And the pain of enormous growth The alarm rose like a cry. And it was not easy for us children Understand the language of this sorrow. The war was approaching the table. Native shelter is twisted ... On a dish forgotten strawberries It oozed out like scarlet blood. Teacher: Further - the howl of sirens, bombing, shelters, burned, ruined houses, the loss of loved ones, work on a par with adults. And a passionate expectation of victory. Many of them not only expected victory, but also fought for it. Among them were young men and women of the city of Krasnodon, who in the fall of 1942 created the underground organization "Young Guard". What were they like? Why did they, without doubting for a moment in their righteousness, accept a martyrdom? (Show presentation) Librarian: On July 20, 1942, Krasnodon was captured by the Nazis. The Nazis established their own "order". The administration, the labor exchange was created, the police were introduced, the Gestapo arrived. Immediately after their arrival, mass arrests of communists and Komsomol members began. In the streets of Krasnodon, on the walls of houses, orders of the invaders appeared. “Execution for disobeying the new order. ” “For evading surrender of weapons - execution. " “For failure to appear for registration - execution ”. “For listening to the radio - shooting. " “For appearing on the streets after 18-00 - execution ”. “For sabotage in the mines - shooting ”. The orders were followed by bloody massacres. On September 29, 1942, in the city park of the city of Krasnodon, the Nazis buried 32 miners alive, who sabotaged the work of the mines. Fight! This thought arose simultaneously among many young men and women who found themselves in the captured Krasnodon. But how? Already in October, the underground Komsomol-youth organization "Young Guard" began to operate. The goal was to fight enemy propaganda, confront the Germans in all their activities, and armed struggle.The age of the underground fighters is 15-17 years old. The organization numbered about 100 people.The organizers of the Krasnodon Komsomol underground were Viktor Tretyakevich, Ivan Turkenich, Oleg Koshevoy, Ivan Zemnukhov, Ulyana Gromova, Sergei Tyulenin, Lyubov Shevtsova and others. Each Young Guard took an oath in his readiness to give his life for victory. Fragment of the film "The Oath". Teacher: What did these boys and girls do? Librarian: Their first activity was distributing leaflets with truthful information about offensive operations Red Army. The Young Guards attacked Hitler's cars, and in order to save young people from being sent to work in Germany, they burned the exchange with all the documents and surnames. They disrupted telephone communications, burned many stacks of bread, when the invaders tried to withdraw grain from Krasnodon, the Young Guard recaptured 500 head of cattle that were prepared for shipment to Germany ... And on the 25th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, on all large buildings cities they hung red soviet flags, and put up signs - "Mined", because of which the Germans were afraid for a long time to remove the banners. Teacher: And this is the slightest list of the Young Guard's merits. It is known that from the day the first leaflet appeared in the city, signed with the short and proud name "Young Guard", the entire Krasnodon city police were put on their feet. The Nazis prowled all over the city, sniffing suspiciously at everyone they met. But it was not possible to attack the trail of unknown daredevils. Meanwhile, more and more news came: someone hung a red flag on the headframe of mine N1-bis, someone attacked the sentries guarding the prisoner of war camp, someone laid a mine on the road leading to Lugansk. A German convoy with ammunition ran into the mine and explosions burst on the outskirts for two days. Now imagine that these partisans were only 14 to 20! Librarian: The youth organization Molodaya Gvardiya, which operated in Krasnodon from October 1942 to January 1943, lasted only three months. Let's think for a minute: how much can you do in three months? What can be done in three months? They lived ... and every day they lived was a feat! The Germans would never have been able to declassify the underground if not for the traitor Vasily Podtynny. Tonya Ivanikhina was the first to be arrested that night. She was dragged right out of bed, without even being allowed to get dressed. In one shirt, Tonya was driven around the city in an open sleigh until dawn. By morning, eighteen young guards from the village were delivered to the police. At the same time, arrests of underground workers were taking place in the city. Four police cells were packed to capacity.Then the worst began. The most cruel mockery was used by the Nazis to make the brave underground workers speak. Young Guardsmen were beaten in their cells, tortured during interrogations, and whipped in the corridors. But they held out, did not surrender their comrades. Even when Molodogvardeytsev was being taken to execution in a tarpaulin-covered car, a song could be heard dully from it. Teacher: On January 15, 16 and 31, 1943, the invaders, partly alive, partly shot, threw 71 people into the pit of mine No. 5, among whom were both the Young Guard and members of the underground party organization. On February 9, Oleg Koshevoy and Lyuba Shevtsova were shot in the town of Rovenki in the Thundering Forest. Let's remember all by name, Video film “It was in Krasnodon”. Teacher: 1 4 February 1943 cityaRovenki and Krasnodon were liberated in partsRedArmiya. The doors of the dungeons opened, the population began to look for their loved ones and relatives, many went to the Thunderous Forest, looking for the tortured bodies of brutally tortured patriots. For 10 days, with a huge crowd of people, miners removed from the pit of mine No. 5 the bodies of the dead Young Guard. They were all buried in a mass grave. There were present survivors Ivan Turkenich, Valya Borts, Zhora Arutyunyants, Olya and Nina Ivantsov, Radik Yurkin. The names of 56 killed Komsomol members are carved on the grave. Teacher: A magnificent monument to the fallen heroes of the "Young Guard" has been erected in a dense, shady park in the very center of Krasnodon. At the foot of it there are mountains of fresh flowers. People from all over the country come here to bow to the ashes of brave young men and women who selflessly loved their homeland, their people. Having given their lives for the happiness of the people, they gained immortality. Read to the dent. Guys, let's honor the Young Guards with a minute of silence. 1 reader . Young beardless heroes! You have remained young forever Before your suddenly revived formation We stand without raising our eyelids. Pain and anger are now the reason Eternal gratitude to you all, Little tough men Girls worthy of poems. 2 reader . How many of you? Try to list - You will not count, but by the way, it doesn’t matter You are with us today, in our thoughts, In every song, light rustle of leaves, Knocking softly on the window. Librarian: We know all the fearless heroes. We kneel before the memory of the fallen, And flowers fall on granite slabs ... Yes, nobody is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten ... Teacher: Guys why uscalled "Young Guard"? What is the meaning of this phrase? (children's answers) You, the young generation, should know your history, honor the memory of the heroes of your country, give all your strength for the happiness of other people. STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION LUGANSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC "Stakhanov secondary schoolI- IIIArt. No. 2 " Lesson dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the creation of the underground youth organization "Young Guard", "Yolochka". Prepared by: teacher early. classes Gracheva I.A. 2017 - 2018 academic year year I bring to your attention an open lesson dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the creation of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard". This material will be useful for primary school teachers, teachers of extended day groups, educators of children's health resorts and camps during extracurricular activities, as well as to all the patriots of our Motherland. The lesson is aimed at students of primary and secondary school age. Topic: "We are the Young Guard". (Slide 1). Target : to form citizenship and patriotism, interest in studying the history of the native land and the history of the city, to bring up in children and students a sense of pride in their Fatherland and its heroes, to intensify participation in patriotic actions and events. Tasks : To expand the knowledge of students about the main historical events of the Republic; Clarify the knowledge of children about the Great Patriotic War; To replenish the knowledge of children about the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", "Yolochka"; Expand the horizons of students on this topic; Form an idea of the world as an absolute value. During the classes Teacher : Dear Guys! Today we will devote our lesson to the heroes of our region, our Republic. Luhansk region is a heroic land. (Slide 2). All peoples and at all times have defended their land, so we will be patriots of our Motherland. We do not just have to, but must know our heroes by sight. Who were they? What were our Krasnodon boys and girls from the distant forties like? Why exactly they, without even for a moment doubting their righteousness, accepted a martyr's death? Why did they, having a choice: me or the Motherland, chose the Motherland ...!? Let us today let the current of time pass through us, the high voltage of Memory, which will allow us to touch their feat - with our heart. Krasnodon is a small town, one of the regional centers of the Republic, which is now called Lugansk, and formerly called Voroshilovgrad. And this region is traditionally called Donbass. Coal is mined at numerous mines in Donbass. (Slide 3). Donbass is a land of miners, physically and spiritually strong people, accustomed to hard and dangerous work, proud, who value camaraderie and collectivism. Among such people, the future Young Guards grew up. (Slide 4) The guys and girls of the city and villages knew each other, they had common interests and hobbies. Capable, purposeful guys had various talents. Young technician Tolya Orlov received the nickname "Engineer Only". Lyuba Shevtsova, a wonderful dancer and singer, was called "Lyubka the Artist". Stepan Safonov was fond of astronomy and dreamed of that amazing time when a person could go to space trip... Lida Androsova devoted all her leisure time to sewing and embroidery. Serezha Tyulenin dreamed of becoming a pilot, but for now he bred thoroughbred pigeons. Oleg Koshevoy and Ivan Zemnukhov wrote poetry ... (Slide 5) The first verse of the song sounds “The Sacred War” (lyrics by V. Lebedev-Kumach, music by A. Alexandrov). 1941th year. The Great Patriotic War began. Soviet people, young and old, entered into a fierce battle with him. On July 20, 1942, the Germans entered the small town of Krasnodon. Teacher. Motorized infantry rushed along the deserted streets of the hushed town, the boots of the fascists thundered. Tears and grief, humiliation and cruel reprisals against civilians were brought by the conquerors.And so that the population did not grumble, from the very first days they established tough military orders. Teacher ... The order of the German commandant read: Reader: "For disobeying the new order, execution". Reader : "For evading surrender of weapons - execution." Reader : “For failure to appear for registration - execution”. Reader: "For listening to the radio - shooting." Reader : “For appearing on the streets after 18-00 - execution”. Reader : "For sabotage in the mines - shooting." Teacher ... Let us ponder the meaning of the notice posted near the water pump: “Water only for German soldiers... Russians who take water from here will be shot. " Teacher ... Russians are not people, Russians are slaves. For the invaders there was no difference: you are Russian or Ukrainian, or maybe Belarusian. All the same, you are subhuman! Oleg Koshevoy, the future commissar of the Young Guard, wrote poetry: Everyone, as one, let's take rifles, We will never falter in battle! For our blood, for our tears We will take revenge on the enemy in full. Teacher ... 1942, September 29. In the city park of the city of Krasnodon, the Nazis buried alive 32 miners who sabotaged the work of the mines, among them were their families. Teacher ... This terrible event became the starting point for the creation of an underground youth organization ...From this tragic night, the history of the "Young Guard" of Krasnodon can be calculated. Sergei Tyulenin proposed to name the organization "Young Guard". Ivan Turkenich became the commander of the organization. Commissioner Oleg Koshevoy The members of the headquarters were Georgy Harutyunyants - responsible for information, Ivan Zemnukhov - Chief of Staff, Vasily Levashov - commander of the central group, Sergei Tyulenin is the commander of the battle group itself, on whose account there will be many feats. Later, Ulyana Gromova and Lyubov Shevtsova were introduced to the headquarters. (Slide 6). The overwhelming majority of the Young Guard were Komsomol members. Joining the ranks of the Young Guard, young men and women took a solemn oath. (Slide 7.8Fragment from the film "Young Guard" - "The Oath"). OATH. I, Oleg Koshevoy, I, Ivan Zemnukhov, I, Ulyana Gromova, I, Sergey Tyulenin, Y. Lyubov Shevtsova, I, Ivan Turkenich Oleg Koshevoy: joining the ranks of the Young Guard, in front of my friends in arms, in front of my native long-suffering land, in front of all the people, I solemnly swear: Ivan Zemnukhov : Unquestioningly carry out any task given to me by my senior comrade. Store in deepest secret everything related to my work in the "Young Guard". Sergey Tyulenin: I swear to avenge mercilessly for the burned, devastated cities and villages, for the blood of our people, for the martyrdom of thirty hero miners. Ulyana Gromova: And if this revenge requires my life, I will give it without a moment of hesitation. Lyubov Shevtsova : If I break this sacred oath under torture or out of cowardice, then let my name, my relatives be forever cursed, and let me be punished by the stern hand of my comrades. Ivan Turkenich : Blood for blood! Death for death! Together: Blood for blood! Death for death! Teacher. By the end of 1942, the "Young Guard" numbered 92 and represented a real force. The German command had to send special security forces to Krasnodon, which were supposed to clear the rear of the partisans. Teacher. Now imagine that these partisans were only 14 to 20. Student. Their spring has just begun It seemed to live and live. But how early did it end Fate is a connecting thread. Student. Turning gray-haired from brutal torture, They went into immortality, Remaining forever young For generations and land. Teacher. But what did these boys and girls do? During the existence of the "Young Guard", and this is only three months. The underground workers carried out several military and sabotage operations. More than 5 thousand leaflets have been pasted up. Probably, it is not so important what the guys were able to do in these three months, the main thing is what the Nazis could not do, thanks to the activities of the "Young Guard".(Shot from the film "Young Guard" Combat affairs of the Young Guard). (Slide 9, 10). Among the most notorious operations of the underground: Reader : Posting leaflets with truthful information about the situation at the front. Reader : Liberation of 70 prisoners of war from the Volchensky camp; Reader: An attack on an enemy convoy heading south; Reader: The underground workers recaptured a herd (about 500 heads) from the Germans, prepared for shipment to Germany; Reader: And on the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Great October revolution over the occupied Krasnodon, in front of the maddened fascists, over the school and the gendarmerie, red flags were proudly flying! Teacher. The whole day the Nazis could not take them off, as the Young Guards hung up a sign “Mined”. On the evening of December 5, 1942, a concert was organized for German soldiers. How Ivan Turkenich played and sang! Oh, how Lyuba Shevtsova danced! How the Germans applauded her. All the officers gathered to watch Lyubka the artist! (Slide 11) Fragment of the film "Young Guard "(Dance of L. Shevtsova) (Slide12) While the concert was going on, one of the most daring operations of the Young Guards was carried out. On the night of December 6, 1942, underground workers set fire to a labor exchange with ready-made lists of young people to be sent to Germany. The Nazis had to spend a lot of time to restore the lists. The year 1943 came. The Soviet army was already close. And they lived ... and every day they lived was a feat! The Young Guards were preparing for the most important operation - an armed uprising to come to the aid of the Red Army during the liberation of Krasnodon. But the young avengers did not have to meet the Red Army, because a traitor was in their ranks. On the night of January 4-5, 1943, arrests began in the city. Most of the Young Guards were thrown into prison. What were the guys thinking about the last days own life? Nobody hoped to be released from the police. They knew that no one would come out alive ... The policemen subjected the arrested Young Guards to inhuman torture. But they held on firmly. None of them betrayed their comrades. (Slide 13.14) Fragment of the film "Young Guard" (In cameras). The exhausted Young Guard on January 15, 16 and 31, 1943 were taken for execution to the pit of mine No. 5. All of them were tortured, mutilated, half-naked and barefoot .. They were shot at the edge of the pit, and some were thrown alive into a 53-meter pit. (Slide 15) Soon the Red Army entered the city. Krasnodon residents came to the pit where the heroes were shot. Numb, they stood. The Young Guards were difficult to recognize. They lay disfigured. On March 1, 1943, Krasnodon said goodbye to its heroes. They were buried with military honors in a mass grave in the central square of the city. The surviving Young Guards and soldiers of the Red Army over the grave of young patriots swore an oath to avenge them. The newspaper Pravda, dated September 15, 1943, wrote: “Soviet people will never forget the immortal feat of the organizers, leaders and members of the underground Komsomol organization Molodaya Gvardiya. The folk path will not grow to their grave ”. The area named after "Young Guard" is the face of the city of Krasnodon. In its center is a majestic monument. On a high pedestal near the bronze banner, the legendary Krasnodon heroes froze forever. (Slide 16). The authors of the monument are sculptors V.I. Agibalov, V.I. Mukhin conveyed not only the external similarity of O. Koshevoy, U. Gromova, L. Shevtsova, S. Tyulenin and I. Zemnukhov, but also inner world, determination to fight to the end, proud inspiration. The monument captures the exciting moment of the oath of the patriots, and therefore it is named "The Oath". We learned the story of young people who lived in Krasnodon, but apart from them there were hundreds, thousands of young men and women who were bringing victory closer both in the rear and at the front. To some, the homeland handed its very high award- Hero Star Soviet Union... Many of them received it posthumously. Remember their names. (Slide 17). We cannot list their noble names here, There are so many of them under the eternal protection of granite. But know, who hears these stones, Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten. Teacher: In our city there was also the Kadiev underground: members of the partisan movement and the youth underground group "Yolochka". On July 12, 2017, an event dedicated to the creation of an underground youth organization "Yolochka" took place in the city history and art museum. The date of the event was chosen for a reason - on July 12, 1942, the city of Stakhanov was occupied by fascist troops. It was from that day that the Yolochka group began its work. It was headed by Nikolai Kalinchik. The commissar was Olga Filimonova, secretary of the Komsomol organization of mine No. 36. In addition to them, the group included five more people: Nikolai Gusev, Klavdia Ledovskaya, Ivan Sokirko, Maria Kalinka, Maria Guseva. (Slide 18) One day the group received a task - to blow up the canvas railroad on the highway Almaznaya - Maksimovka. The task was completed. The German train was destroyed, the advance of the German troops was suspended for several days. The group collected information on the location and number of fascist units, passed them on to the Red Army, for which N.P. Kalinchik crossed the front line. Members of the group took out Soviet leaflets, multiplied and distributed them among the population. Soon a second sabotage was planned to blow up the tunnel, hastily restored by the invaders, but this plan was not implemented. But on the denunciation of the traitors on 07/25/1942. the underground were arrested. The last 5 days of their lives became the most terrible for them. They endured inhuman torture. At the cost of their lives, they kept the secret of the city underground Komsomol youth organization, remained faithful to the oath, did not name the names of the underground members and partisans who remained in the city. On July 30, 1942, the heroes, exhausted and crippled, were crucified at the unfinished Palace of Culture. Their ashes rest in the ground in the main square of the city. (Slide 19) In honor of the 75th anniversary of the Yolochka underground organization, it is planned to make and install a memorial plaque in memory of the heroic deed of Olga Filimonova and her comrades: “Memory must be eternal. If we do not know our past, then we will never build a normal future. Our "Herringbone" lasted only two weeks. But during this time the guys managed to do a lot. It is possible to enumerate for a long time their exploits in the fight against the fascists, but the most important thing is that they gave our people faith in Victory over the enemy. They did not spare their lives so that future generations would live in peace and harmony, so that fascism and Nazism would never come to our land. " The streets of our city are named in their honor. Let's honor the memory of the killed Komsomol members. (Slide20). A minute of silence. (alarm sounds)
1 of 40 Presentation on the topic:"Young Guard" - heroes and traitors Slide No. 1
Slide Description: Slide No. 2
Slide Description: The project was completed by: student of 11 "A" class Margarita Poluektova Project manager: Fetisov Alexander Anatolyevich Project objectives: to get acquainted with the history of the creation and activities of the underground organization "Young Guard" to conduct a study and find out what influenced the fact that this organization was disclosed shortly after its creation compare moral principles modern man and man during the Great Patriotic War, to draw conclusions Slide No. 3
Slide Description: Progress of work Introduction "Young Guard" First informationOrganization structureActivitiesWho is a traitor? Image of Yevgeny Stakhovich "Duel" version "The feat cannot be hidden, the crime cannot be hidden ..." Slide No. 4
Slide Description: Nowadays, the topic of youth movements is very relevant: we compare schoolchildren of the 21st century with schoolchildren of that time and see how the moral principles and behavior of modern youth differ from the youth of the time of the Great Patriotic War. And this is important not only for historians, but also simply for any parents - having delved into this topic, they will understand what qualities need to be developed in their child. These are patriotism, altruism, faith in oneself and others, as well as honesty. A dishonest person can turn into a real traitor. It is the traitors who often play a fatal role in history, and they did not bypass the Young Guard. Slide No. 5
Slide Description: Recently I read a book by Alexander Fadeev "Young Guard", which tells about an underground youth organization that operated during the Great Patriotic War in the Ukrainian city of Krasnodon, and I thought about it. Indeed, although based on real events, it is fiction, not non-fiction, as the author noted. What really happened? What feats did the "Young Guard" accomplish? After all, they remember her, value her merits, because she did her best to help the Red Army bring Victory Day closer. Unfortunately, not everyone realizes this. Many do not even understand what was special in the activities of the "Young Guard", or even simply do not know anything about this organization. And in Ukraine itself, in its western part, some people, until recently, openly revered the Ukrainian nationalists who fought against the USSR. Slide No. 6
Slide Description: And so, when more than 65 years have passed since the victory of the Soviet troops over Nazi Germany, I conducted a thorough research of materials about the "Young Guard" and decided to reveal this topic in my project. Perhaps, the details about this organization will be learned by many for the first time. Slide No. 7
Slide Description: Molodaya Gvardiya Molodaya Gvardiya is an underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization operating during the Great Patriotic War, mainly in the city of Krasnodon, Lugansk (Voroshilovgrad) region (Ukraine). The organization was formed shortly after the start German occupation Krasnodon, which began on July 20, 1942. The "Young Guard" consisted of about 110 people, boys and girls. Slide No. 8
Slide Description: First information The first information about the Krasnodon underground organization "Young Guard" appeared in the newspapers "Son of the Fatherland", "Socialist Motherland" and "Voroshilovgradskaya Pravda" in April 1943. Already in the spring of 1943, a special commission of the Central Committee of the Komsomol was sent to Krasnodon to collect materials on the emergence and activities of the Young Guard. Subsequently, for this purpose, more than once special commissions were created at various levels, comprehensively investigating the activities of both the Young Guard itself and the entire Krasnodon underground as a whole. Slide No. 9
Slide Description: Composition of the organization At the end of September 1942, the underground youth groups of Krasnodon united in the "Young Guard". The commander of the organization was Ivan Turkenich, a soldier of the Red Army, and Viktor Tretyakevich became the commissar. The members of the headquarters were Georgy Arutyunyants, who was responsible for information, Ivan Zemnukhov, the chief of staff, Oleg Koshevoy, who was responsible for security, Vasily Levashov, the commander of the central group, and Sergei Tyulenin, the commander of the combat group. Later, Ulyana Gromova and Lyubov Shevtsova were introduced to the headquarters. Most of the Young Guard were Komsomol members. Slide No. 10
Slide Description: The activities of the "Young Guard" issued and distributed more than 5 thousand leaflets, its members participated, along with the underground communists in carrying out sabotage in electromechanical workshops, set fire to the labor exchange building, where lists of people intended to be taken out of Krasnodon were kept, thereby about 2000 people were saved from being hijacked to Germany. The Young Guards were preparing to stage an armed uprising in Krasnodon in order to defeat the German garrison and join the advancing units Soviet army... However, shortly before the planned uprising, the organization was discovered. Sample of leaflets distributed by "Young Guard" Slide No. 11
Slide Description: Who is the traitor? For a long time, it was believed that the leaders of the "Young Guard" were arrested on the denunciation of Viktor Tretyakevich, who allegedly betrayed the organization and betrayed all its members to the police. But after a while it turned out that this was not so, and all charges were dropped from him. I decided to figure out who, in this case, was the real traitor. Victor Tretyakevich Slide No. 12
Slide Description: The image of Yevgeny Stakhovich Thanks to Alexander Fadeev, the image of the main culprit in the death of the "Young Guard" - Yevgeny Stakhovich, under torture, gave out the names of the majority of the underground members under torture. At the same time, although Fadeev himself has repeatedly stated that the traitor Stakhovich is a collective image, very many, and first of all the participants in those events who managed to survive, were deeply convinced that Viktor Tretyakevich served as his prototype. The debate about how the hero unexpectedly turned into a traitor continues to this day. Evgeny Morgunov as Evgeny Stakhovich Slide No. 13
Slide Description: The version of "Duel" In 1998, the newspaper "Duel" published an article by A.F. Gordeeva "Heroes and Traitors". It described the history of the appearance, activity and collapse of the Krasnodon underground, which differed from that described by Fadeev in the novel "Young Guard". According to Gordeev, "Young Guard" (according to his own version, the real name of the organization is "Hammer") was created in early October 1942 on the initiative of Viktor Tretyakevich. Its core was the anti-fascist Komsomol youth groups of Ivan Zemnukhov, Yevgeny Moshkov, Nikolai Sumsky, Boris Glavan, Sergei Tyulenin and others. On October 6, 1942, Gennady Pocheptsov was admitted to the organization, whose stepfather, V.G. Gromov, collaborated with the occupation authorities and subsequently played a fatal role in the history of the "Young Guard". Slide No. 14
Slide Description: Duel, referring to archival documents, writes that after learning about the arrest of the leaders of the underground and not finding a way out of the situation, Pocheptsov turned to his stepfather for advice. Gromov suggested that his stepson immediately inform the police about the underground workers. This treacherous parting word Gromov confirmed during interrogation on May 25, 1943: "I told him that he could be arrested, and in order to save his life, he must write a statement to the police and extradite the members of the organization. He listened to me." Slide No. 15
Slide Description: Pocheptsov after arrival Soviet troops he managed to hide for some time, and he was arrested only on March 8, 1943. To mitigate his guilt, Pocheptsov, already at the first interrogation, cast a shadow of suspicion on Viktor Tretyakevich. Answering the investigator's question about what prompted him to betray the members of the underground organization, he referred to Ivan Zemnukhov, who allegedly told him on December 18, 1942 that Tretyakevich had betrayed the Young Guard and that the police had information about it. Slide No. 16
Slide Description: "The feat cannot be hidden, the crime cannot be hidden ..." Thus, the real traitor Gennady Pocheptsov not only betrayed all the members of the Young Guard, but also doomed the family of the innocent Tretyakevich to suffering. In the newspaper "Young Guard" under the heading "The feat cannot be hidden, the crime cannot be hidden" the story of Victor's mother, Anna Iosifovna, was published: Slide No. 17
Slide Description: "... They were buried in the city park. Like all mothers, I threw a parting handful of earth in their common grave. Together they studied, together they fought the enemy, together they died. Now they lie together forever. And then ... Then people They began to bypass me. Other mothers were visited, consoled, their every word was caught. Newspapers, magazines wrote about their children, talked on the radio, wrote books. Only nobody came to me. Only no one comforted me. with my thoughts, with my grief. "... The mother of a traitor." It happened that behind my back I heard a whisper: "This is Stakhovich's mother." The whole world already knew, the whole world had already read Fadeev's novel. Other mothers could come any day to the park where their children rest. Not ashamed of tears, to stand for a long time at the dear grave. And people grieved with them. Only I alone could not come to my son. Slide No. 18
Slide Description: At night, when the whole city falls asleep and you won't see anyone on the streets, I sneak into a silent park. The gold of names shines dimly under the moon. I look eagerly, but my son's name is not among them. And then I go down to the grave, hug the earth, press my chest against it. And so I lie for hours. Who will come in this dead night and disturb me? Who will interfere with my conversation? And in the morning, as soon as dawn breaks, I hurriedly leave the park. Who will know that Tretyakevich's mother was here? Who can guess how many tears, along with dew, were sprinkled on the grave? Mothers, have you ever experienced this? Slide No. 19
Slide Description: Only in fairy tales shadows come to the graves at midnight. I have been such a shadow for sixteen years. I cried all the tears. Sometimes, I remember him, everything will tremble in me, I want to ease my suffering ... But tears do not come. And it seems that I am suffocating. My husband, his father, could not stand the torment. Bent under the weight of grief. But when he was dying, he whispered to the last: "I don't believe ..." And although the charges were later dropped from Tretyakevich, Anna Iosifovna was hardly able to fully recover from the experience ... Slide No. 20
Slide Description: Poems dedicated to Viktor Tretyakevich He is with us forever Relatives and friends of the hero of "Young Guard" Viktor Tretyakevich Sixteen years have passed since then. Victor. Together with his friends he is now in line. And with them he is now in line forever, That we live with him, we study, we sing, And we will all be like him, we are a Man! Tomsk region January 20, 1977 Slide No. 21
Slide Description: Hero - Koshevoy In October 1942, Viktor Tretyakevich united the Young Guard. It was he, not Oleg Koshevoy, who became the commissar of the underground organization. It is not surprising that thanks to Pocheptsov, all the merits were removed from Tretyakevich. Surprisingly, they were transferred to Oleg Koshevoy. Why him? Oleg's mother, Elena Nikolaevna, published her memoirs about her son, in which she wrote about how the meetings of the "Young Guard" were held in their apartment, how Oleg shared his experiences with her, read poetry, dedicated to the war... It is not surprising that the people wanted to consider the hero not the so-called traitor, but Koshevoy, referring to the notes of his mother. Slide No. 22
Slide Description: Significance of the organization Many citizens, including historians, believe that the "Young Guard" did not do anything special and therefore is not worthy of the honors that are given to it. Nevertheless, JV Stalin asserted: "Never give up small things in your work, for great things are built out of small things." This statement clearly demonstrates to us that thanks to such selfless people as, for example, members of the "Young Guard", victory in the Great Patriotic War could not but be on the side of the Soviet Union. Slide No. 23
Slide Description: Lack of awareness However, many find it difficult to answer the question “How do you feel about the activities of the“ Young Guard ”. Alas, ignorance about the heroes of the Great Patriotic War flourishes among young people. Unfortunately, in our generation, many care only about themselves and show ignorance in knowing about the real historical events of the war, its heroes. The most unpleasant thing is that not even all Krasnodon residents were aware of them. "In Krasnodon, we were not allowed to give a" performance-concert "based on the novel" Young Guard "," the former actress informs in the newspaper "Cadets" on November 23, 1991, and now journalist Margarita Volina. Why wasn’t they allowed? Because, she claims, no one in Krasnodon knew anything about the exploits of the Young Guard, that "everything described in the novel" Young Guard "is untrue and false!" This is how she describes her stay in Krasnodon: "I wanted to wander around Krasnodon alone and visit Oleg Koshevoy's museum alone. Alas! Not only about Koshevoy's museum, but even about Oleg himself, either no one heard anything or did not want to talk to me." ... Slide No. 24
Slide Description: Slide No. 25
Slide Description: 1. When did the Second World War begin and end? When did the Great Patriotic War begin and end? 3. How many days and nights did the Great Patriotic War last? 4. Name three hero cities. 5. Which city was blockaded for 900 days? 6. In what (their) battle (s) was the radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War achieved? Name three Heroes of the Soviet Union. 8. Name at least one member of the Supreme Command Headquarters. 9. What was the name of the operation of the Hitlerite command to seize the Soviet capital? When the act of unconditional surrender Germany? 11. What contribution did the youth make to the victory over Nazi Germany? 12. Is partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War, the most important factor in the victory of our people or not? What do you know about the activities of the Young Guard? 14. What do you know about the relationship between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church during the Great Patriotic War? 15. What was the contribution of cultural figures during the Second World War? 16. Name three literary works and three feature films about the Great Patriotic War. 17. How was the war reflected in art? Name 2-3 works of art(painting, music) 18. Do you visit museums dedicated to the Second World War? 19. How do you assess your knowledge of this historical era? 20. Do you think it is necessary to study the history of the Great Patriotic War at school? Why? Slide Description: But still, many people remember the "Young Guard". In honor of her patriots, many works of cinema were created, including the film of the same name by S.A. Gerasimov, based on the famous book "Young Guard" by A.A. Fadeev. Alexander Alexandrovich is one of the founders of the Union of Writers of the USSR and its chairman. He was born on December 11 (24), 1901 in the city of Kimry. The patriotic affairs of the Krasnodon underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", with whom Fadeev met in the fall of 1943, inspired the writer: in 1 year and 9 months, a novel was completed, glorifying the feat of the Krasnodon underground workers. Several performances were also staged based on this book. Slide No. 30
Slide Description: Slide No. 31
Slide Description: In St. Petersburg, the monument "Oath", erected in January 1956, is dedicated to the heroes of the Young Guard. Molodogvardeyskaya Street in Moscow and the book publishing house "Molodaya Gvardia" are named in honor of the organization. Many museums are dedicated to the organization. The most famous of them is the Young Guard Museum in Krasnodon. This is the largest repository of documents on the organization's activities. Songs and poems are still written in honor of the heroes of Krasnodon. Monument to the Young Guards "Oath" Participation of youth in the war In addition to the "Young Guard" organization, there were young people actively helping at the front and in the rear. Their actions were directed to the aid of the Red Army in the fight against the German invaders. The youth helped the soldiers of the Red Army morally, worked in military hospitals, in the rear and even arranged explosions and arson - in general, they tried in every possible way to thwart the plans of the fascist invaders. Slide No. 35
Slide Description: The moral state of society Victory in the Great Patriotic War went to our country at the cost of millions of lives lost in battles, in the rear, in captivity, in concentration camps, in blockades. The consciousness of the citizens was directed only towards the liberation struggle against the enemy. Fighting the Nazis, no one thought about any personal gain, except for Victory. The participants in the war fought for every inch of their homeland, for their relatives and for all the inhabitants of the Soviet Union. Our society is grateful to the veterans for their heroism during the war years, and every year we proudly celebrate Victory Day and bow our heads to them. Slide No. 36
Slide Description: But there are also those young people who forget about honoring their elders. Moreover, they show no respect even to the saviors of the Soviet Union - to the veterans. Recently, cases of attacks, thefts of orders and medals, and even murders by young people against the participants in the Great Patriotic War have become more frequent. These criminals are not aware of the cost to the veterans of their orders and medals. In addition, neo-Nazi organizations appear everywhere, and the saddest thing is that they exist in our country as well. How can one act so immorally, supporting those against whom the Soviet Union fought during the Second World War? .. Slide No. 37
Slide Description: Modern situation in Ukraine All the activities of the patriots of the "Young Guard" took place in Krasnodon. However, some residents of western Ukraine were not on the side of the Soviet Union. They supported the policies of Ukrainian nationalists such as Stepan Bandera and many others. V last years their ideas were introduced into the consciousness of Ukrainians, they were honored, and Stepan Bandera was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine. But they were active against the Red Army in support of Nazi Germany. They consider those who fought in the ranks of the Red Army to be traitors, and explain all their actions by the fact that they allegedly fought in this way for the independence of Ukraine. Slide Description: Results While researching materials about the "Young Guard", I not only enriched my knowledge of the history of struggle and victory Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, but also studied the moral state of society. In conclusion, it should be noted that in the history of the Great Patriotic War, the activities of the "Young Guard" was one of the small pages. However, like a drop of water, it reflected the selfless struggle of the Soviet people against the fascist invaders, the Great Tragedy and the Great Victory. Slide No. 40
Slide Description: Materials used Conversations with the leader, parents and acquaintances A. Fadeev, "Young Guard" Two-part film by S. Gerasimov "Young Guard" Work with documents: Newspaper "Duel", 1998 Article by A.F. Gordeeva "Heroes and Traitors" Newspaper "Zarya Severa", Tomsk Region January 20, 1977 http://www.molodguard.ru/http: //ru.wikipedia.orghttp: //www.smi.ru/print/? Id = 3505928 |
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