M.: 2019. - 496s. M.: 2017. - 496s. M.: 2016. - 464s. M.: 2014. - 464 p.

The reference book, addressed to graduates and applicants, contains the material of the course "History of Russia", which is checked at the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks are compiled - control and measuring materials (CMM) of the Unified State Examination. The reference book includes three sections: "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", the content of which is presented in the form of structural-logical diagrams and tables, allowing not only to quickly memorize extensive factual material, but also to understand the relationship between individual events and phenomena. , processes. Sample tasks and answers to them, completing each section, as well as a version of the test work in USE format help assess the level of preparation for the exam. The manual contains a glossary of terms and concepts, the knowledge of which is necessary for successful delivery unified state exam.

Format: pdf (2019 , 5th ed., 496s.)

The size: 8 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2017 , 3rd ed., 496s.)

The size: 4.3 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2016 , 464s.)

The size: 6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2014 , 464s.)

The size: 5.6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Preface 9
Section 1. Antiquity and the Middle Ages and
1.1. peoples and ancient states in Russia 12
East Slavic tribes and their neighbors 13
Lessons Eastern Slavs 14
The social structure of the Eastern Slavs 15
Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs 15
1.2. Russia in IX - early XII in 16
The main prerequisites for the formation of statehood among the Eastern Slavs 17
Stages of formation of statehood among the Eastern Slavs 18
Old Russian princes and their politics 18
Management of the Old Russian state in the X-XII centuries 21
Adoption of Christianity 22
Categories of the population in the Old Russian state 23
"Russian Truth" - a code of laws of the Old Russian state 24
International relations Ancient Russia 25
Culture of Ancient Russia 25
1.3. Russian lands and principalities in the XII - mid-XV in 27
Causes of the collapse of the Old Russian state 28
Main centers political fragmentation in Russia 29
Organization of management in Veliky Novgorod 30
Mongol conquests 31
Formation of the Golden Horde. Russia and the Horde 33
Manifestations of the Horde yoke 34
Relations between Russia and the Golden Horde in the XIII century. 35
Expansion from the West in XIII to 36
Prerequisites for the unification of Russian lands 37
The struggle for leadership in the political unification of Russian lands 38
Reasons for the rise of Moscow 38
Moscow princes and their politics 39
Battle of Kulikovo 42
Restoring the economy of Russian lands 43
Russian city 44
Culture of Russia in the XII-XV centuries 45
1.4. The Russian state in the second half of the 15th - early 17th century in 46
Moscow princes and their politics 47
Central authorities Russian state in the XV - early XVI in 48
Significance of the formation of the Russian centralized state 48
Categories of the population of the XV-XVI centuries 49
The beginning of the reign of Ivan IV 51
Reforms of the middle of the XVI century in 52
Oprichnina 53
The formation of serfdom in Russia 55
Foreign policy Ivan IV 57
Culture of Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries 59
Troubles of the late XVI - early XVII in 62
Stages of the Time of Troubles 63
Social movements at the beginning of the XVII century in 66
Aftermath of Troubles 68
Elimination of the consequences of the Troubles 69
The first Romanovs and their politics 70
New phenomena in the economy 73
The highest bodies of state power and administration in the XVII century in 74
Local government in the XVII to 75
Legal registration of serfdom 75
Church split 77
Social movements in the 17th century in 79
Examples of tasks 81
Section 2. New time 95
2.1. Russia in the XVIII - mid XIX in 96
Transformations of Peter I the Great 97
The highest bodies of state power and administration Russian Empire(1725) 105
Absolute power of the monarch 106
Significance of the formation of an absolute monarchy in Russia 106
Northern War (1700-1721) 107
Russia in the period palace coups 109
"Enlightened Absolutism" 115
Politics " enlightened absolutism» Catherine II the Great (1762-1796) 116
Formation of the estate system in the XVIII century in 120
Economy of Russia in the XVIII - the first half of the XIX century 121
Russia's foreign policy in the second half of the 18th century in 126
Domestic and foreign policy of Paul I (1796-1801) 128
Russian culture second half of XVII I - first half of XIX in 132
Domestic and foreign policy of Alexander I (1801-1825) 139
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century 145
Patriotic War 1812 146
Foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. 149
Decembrist movement 151
Domestic politics Nicholas I (1825-1855) 155
The main directions of social thought in Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century 160
Foreign policy in the second quarter of the 19th century 165
2.2. Russia in the second half XIX -early XX at 173
Reforms of the 1860s-1870s 174
The policy of counter-reforms 184
Capitalist relations in industry and agriculture 188
Social movement in Russia after the abolition of serfdom 191
The main directions and events of Russia's foreign policy in the 1860-1890s 199
Russian culture in the second half of the XIX - early XX in 206
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century in 213
The estate system of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in 214
Economic development Russia in 1901-1913 215
Ideological currents in Russia at the turn of the century 217
Russo-Japanese War(1904-1905) 219
Revolution of 1905-1907 222
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire in 1905-1914 226
The experience of Russian parliamentarism 227
Main political parties in Russia at the beginning of XX in 229
Reforms P.A. Stolypin 232
Job examples 236
Section 3 recent history 249
3.1. Revolution and Civil War in Russia 250
Russia in World War I (1914-1918) 251
The impact of the war on Russian society 254
February Revolution of 1917 257
Dual power 260
Political tactics of the Bolsheviks 263
October armed uprising of 1917 in Petrograd 264
Constituent Assembly 266
Domestic and foreign policy
Soviet government in 1917-1918 267
Civil war and foreign intervention 272
The policy of "war communism" 279
Transition to the New Economic Policy 282
3.2. USSR in 1922-1991 285
Education of the USSR 287
Further nation-state construction in the USSR 290
Party discussions on the ways and methods of building socialism in the USSR 290
The cult of personality I.V. Stalin 293
Mass repressions 294
Constitution of the USSR 1936 297
Reasons for curtailing the New Economic Policy 298
Industrialization 299
Collectivization 301
"Cultural Revolution" 304
Foreign Policy Strategy of the USSR in the 1920s-1930s 309
USSR on the eve of the Great Patriotic War 314
Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 316
Restoration of the economy 340
Cold War 343
Intra-Party Struggle in the Mid-1950s 346
XX Congress of the CPSU and the condemnation of the cult of personality 348
Socio-economic reforms of the 1950s-1960s 349
"Stagnation" as a Manifestation of the Crisis of the Soviet Model of Development 353
Economic reforms of 1965 355
Constitution of the USSR 1977 356
Growing Crisis Phenomena in Soviet Society 358
Attempts to modernize the Soviet economy and political system in the 1980s 360
The policy of perestroika and glasnost 361
Social and economic transformations 364
Foreign policy of the USSR in the second half of the 1950s-1980s 368
The development of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s 376
3.3. Russian Federation 382
The collapse of the USSR 383
Political Crisis September - October 1993 386
Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 389
Transition to a market economy: reforms and their consequences 391
The Russian Federation in 2000-2013: the main trends in the socio-political development of the country in present stage 394
The Russian Federation in 2000-2013: the main trends in the socio-economic development of the country at the present stage 398
Modern Russian culture 400
Russia in the system of modern international relations 403
Job examples 408
Dictionary 424
Literature 463
Training option examination work history 467
History Examination Grading System 482
Attachment 1
Continuity of Russian statehood. 489
Annex 2
Top leadership of Soviet Russia - USSR (1917-1991) 491
Annex 3
Top management Russian Federation 494

The manual is intended to assist in the systematization, deepening and generalization of knowledge on the course of the history of Russia from antiquity to the present with the inclusion of elements world history, as well as introduce various types of tasks used as control measuring materials during the unified state exam (USE).
The structure of the manual corresponds to the codifier of content elements in history and includes the following sections: "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", knowledge of the content of which is checked within the framework of the Unified State Examination.
The content components of the Russian history course are presented in the manual in a compact and visual form - in the form of structural-logical diagrams and tables, which makes it possible to reveal the most significant features of the most important historical phenomena, processes, events, patterns and directions of development of our country, to understand the connection between individual historical facts . Such a concise and accessible form of presentation of the material facilitates its development, makes it possible to save time on repeating the school history course, intensifying the process of preparing for the exam.
The arrows (->) used in the text of the manual indicate causal relationships between blocks of information, as a rule, revealing the following relationship: causes (preconditions, conditions, factors, etc.) -> consequences (outcomes, results, value, etc.) e) certain historical phenomena and processes.

The reference book, addressed to graduates and applicants, contains the material of the course "History of Russia", which is checked at the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks are compiled - control measuring materials (KIMs) of the Unified State Examination. The reference book includes three sections: "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", the content of which is presented in the form of structural-logical diagrams and tables, allowing not only to quickly memorize extensive factual material, but also to understand the relationship between individual events, phenomena and processes. Sample tasks and answers to them, completing each section, as well as an option verification work in the USE format will help assess the level of preparation for the exam. The manual contains a glossary of terms and concepts, the knowledge of which is necessary for the successful passing of the unified state exam.

Examples.
To which city of North-Eastern Russia did Andrei Bogolyubsky transfer his capital?
1) Tver
2) Rostov
3) Vladimir
4) Moscow
Answer: 3.

Read an excerpt from a work of ancient Russian literature and indicate what year the described event is associated with.
“And the Tatar regiments fled, and the Russians chased after them, beaten and flogged ... Russia under the Moscow banner won the first victory over the Tatars at the confluence of the Nepryadva River with the Don.”
1) 1242
2) 1380
3) 1480
4) 1552
Answer: 2.

Which of the following was one of the reasons for popular uprisings in Russia in the 17th century?
1) the introduction of recruitment duty
2) the introduction of a poll tax
3) the establishment of a single term for the transition of peasants from the landowner
4) the establishment of an indefinite investigation of fugitive peasants Answer: 4.

CONTENT
Preface 9
Section 1. Antiquity and the Middle Ages
1.1. Peoples and ancient states on the territory of Russia 12
East Slavic tribes and their neighbors 12
Occupations of the Eastern Slavs 13
The social structure of the Eastern Slavs 14
Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs 14
1.2. Russia in IX - early XII in 15
The main prerequisites for the formation of statehood among the Eastern Slavs 15
Stages of formation of statehood among the Eastern Slavs 16
Old Russian princes and their politics 16
Management of the Old Russian state in the X-XII centuries 19
Adoption of Christianity 20
Categories of the population in the Old Russian state 21
"Russian Truth" - a code of laws of the Old Russian state 22
International Relations of Ancient Russia 23
Culture of Ancient Russia 23
1.3. Russian lands and principalities in the XII - mid-XV in 25
Causes of the collapse of the Old Russian state 25
The main centers of political fragmentation in Russia 26
Organization of management in Veliky Novgorod 27
Mongol conquests 28
Formation of the Golden Horde. Russia and the Horde 30
Manifestations of the Horde yoke 31
Relations between Russia and the Golden Horde in the XIII century. 32
Expansion from the West in XIII to 33
Prerequisites for the unification of Russian lands 34
The struggle for political leadership
unification of Russian lands 35
Reasons for the rise of Moscow 35
Moscow princes and their politics 36
Battle of Kulikovo 39
Restoring the economy of Russian lands 40
Russian city 41
Culture of Russia in the XII-XV centuries 42
1.4. The Russian state in the second half of the 15th - early 17th century in 43
Moscow princes and their politics 43
Central authorities
Russian state in the XV - early XVI in 44
Significance of formation of the Russian centralized state 44
Categories of the population of the XV-XVI centuries 45
The beginning of the reign of Ivan IV 47
Reforms of the middle of the XVI century in 48
Oprichnina 49
The formation of serfdom in Russia 52
Foreign policy of Ivan IV 53
Culture of Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries 55
Troubles of the late XVI - early XVII in 58
Stages of the Time of Troubles 59
Social movements at the beginning of the 17th century. 62
Aftermath of Troubles 64
Elimination of the consequences of Troubles 65
The first Romanovs and their politics 66
New phenomena in the economy 69
The highest bodies of state power and administration in the XVII to 70
Local government in the XVII in 71
Legal registration of serfdom 71
Church split 73
Social movements in the XVII to 75
Examples of tasks 77
Section 2. New time 85
2.1. Russia in the 18th - mid-19th century in 86
Transformations of Peter I the Great 86
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire (1725) 94
Absolute power of the monarch 95
Significance of the formation of an absolute monarchy in Russia 95
Northern War (1700-1721) 96
Russia during the period of palace coups 98
"Enlightened Absolutism" 104
The policy of "enlightened absolutism" of Catherine II the Great (1762-1796) 105
Formation of the estate system in the XVIII in 109
Economy of Russia in the XVIII - the first half of the XIX in 110
Russia's foreign policy in the second half of the 18th century in 115
Domestic and foreign policy of Paul I (1796-1801) 117
Culture of Russia in the second half of the 18th - first half of the 19th century 121
Domestic and foreign policy of Alexander II (1801-1825) - 128
Patriotic War of 1812 135
Foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. 138
Decembrist movement 140
Domestic policy of Nicholas I (1825-1855) 144
The main directions of social thought in Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century 149
Foreign policy in the second quarter of the 19th century 154
2.2. Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX in 162
Reforms of 1860-1870s 162
The policy of counter-reforms 172
Capitalist relations in industry and agriculture 176
Social movement in Russia
after the abolition of serfdom 179
Russian culture
in the second half of the XIX - early XX in 194
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century in 201
Economic development of Russia in 1901-1913 203
Ideological currents in Russia at the turn of the century 205
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) 207
Revolution of 1905-1907 210
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire in 1905-1914 214
The experience of Russian parliamentarism 215
The main political parties in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in 217
Reforms P.A. Stolypin 220
Russia in World War I (1914-1918) 223
The impact of the war on Russian society 227
Job examples 230
Section 3. Recent History 237
3.1. Revolution and Civil War in Russia 238
February Revolution of 1917 238
Dual power 241
Political tactics of the Bolsheviks 244
October armed uprising of 1917 in Petrograd 245
Constituent Assembly 247
Domestic and foreign policy of the Soviet government in 1917-1918 248
Civil war and foreign intervention 253
Chronology of major events 255
The main reasons for the victory of the Bolsheviks in the Civil War 259
The policy of "war communism" 260
Transition to the New Economic Policy 263
3.2. USSR in 1922-1991 266
Education of the USSR 266
Further nation-state construction in the USSR 269
Party discussions on the ways and methods of building socialism in the USSR 269
The cult of personality I.V. Stalin 272
Mass repressions 273
Constitution of the USSR 1936 276
Reasons for curtailing the New Economic Policy 277
Industrialization 278
Collectivization 280
"Cultural Revolution" 283
Foreign policy strategy of the USSR in the 1920-1930s 288
USSR on the eve of the Great Patriotic War 293
Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 295
Restoration of the economy 319
Cold War 322
Intra-Party Struggle in the Mid-1950s 325
XX Congress of the CPSU and the condemnation of the cult of personality 327
Socio-economic reforms of the 1950-1960s 328
"Stagnation" as a Manifestation of the Crisis of the Soviet Model of Development 332
Economic reforms of 1965 334
Constitution of the USSR 1977 335
Growing Crisis Phenomena in Soviet Society 337
Attempts to modernize the Soviet economy and political system in the 1980s 339
The policy of perestroika and glasnost 340
Socio-economic transformation 341
Foreign policy of the USSR in the second half of the 1950s-1980s 347
The development of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s 355
3.3. Russian Federation 361
The collapse of the USSR 361
Political crisis
September 4 - October 1993 364
Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 367
Transition to a market economy:
reforms and their consequences 369
The Russian Federation in 2000-2013: the main trends in the socio-political development of the country at the present stage 372
The Russian Federation in 2000-2013: the main trends in the socio-economic development of the country at the present stage 376
Modern Russian culture 378
Russia in the system of modern international relations 381
Job examples 386
Dictionary 395
Literature 433
Practice version of the exam paper in history 436
Attachment 1
Continuity of Russian statehood 457
Annex 2
Top leadership of Soviet Russia - USSR (1917-1991) 459
Annex 3
Top leadership of the Russian Federation 460.

The manual is intended to assist in the systematization, deepening and generalization of knowledge on the course of the history of Russia from antiquity to the present with the inclusion of elements of general history, as well as to introduce various types of tasks used as control measuring materials during the unified state exam (USE).

The structure of the manual corresponds to the codifier of content elements in history and includes the following sections: "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", knowledge of the content of which is checked within the framework of the Unified State Examination.

The content components of the Russian history course are presented in the manual in a compact and visual form - in the form of structural-logical diagrams and tables, which makes it possible to reveal the most significant features of the most important historical phenomena, processes, events, patterns and directions of development of our country, to understand the relationship between individual historical facts. Such a concise and accessible form of presentation of the material facilitates its development, makes it possible to save time on repeating the school history course, intensifying the process of preparing for the exam.

Arrows (-”) used in the text of the manual indicate causal relationships between blocks of information, as a rule, revealing the following relationship: causes (preconditions, conditions, factors, etc.) -> consequences (outcomes, results, value and etc.) of certain historical phenomena and processes.

Each of the three sections of the manual, in addition to the content component of the course of the history of Russia, includes examples of tasks used as control measuring materials for the exam:

• 4 tasks with a choice of answers, involving the choice of the correct answer from the four proposed options, aimed at identifying knowledge of dates, facts, concepts, causes
  and consequences, the ability to extract information from a source, to correlate individual facts and general phenomena (they form part 1 of the examination paper in history); 4 tasks with a short answer, involving the establishment of the correct sequence of events, the grouping of facts, the systematization of facts and concepts. Answers to such tasks are given in the form of a number (for example, 4) or a sequence of numbers (for example, 4521), words (phrases) (for example, the Battle of Poltava) (they form part 2 of the history exam paper);
• 4 tasks with a detailed answer, related to analysis historical source(carrying out source attribution: characterization of authorship, time, circumstances and purposes of creating a source; extracting information; attracting historical knowledge to analyze the problems of the source, the position of the author), aimed at applying the methods of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis to study historical processes and phenomena (make part 3 of the examination paper on history).

Each task is given an answer (its main content) or a comment. This allows you to get acquainted with the features of tasks and the form of presentation of the result of their implementation, as well as the system for evaluating tasks.

The authors deliberately did not reveal the meanings of a large number of concepts and terms directly in tables and diagrams, since the manual includes a dictionary of concepts and terms in the amount that is necessary for successful delivery

USE in history. Therefore, when working with tables and diagrams, do not forget to refer to this dictionary.

The book can be used by students for self-preparation for the exam in history, as well as teachers high school and structures of pre-university training in organizing the study of this course, its repetition and generalization.

The reference book is addressed to graduates and applicants to prepare for the unified state exam in history. The guide contains detailed theoretical material on all topics covered by the exam.

Each section is followed by a practice USE test. For the final control of knowledge at the end of the handbook, 3 training options are given that correspond to the exam in history, as well as answer forms. All questions are answered.

The publication will be useful for history teachers, tutors and parents, it will help to effectively organize the preparation of students for the unified state exam.

DOWNLOAD (YandexDisk)

CONTENT HISTORY. THEORETICAL COURSE WITH TRAINING TESTS Section 1. HISTORY OF RUSSIA FROM ANCIENTITY TO THE EARLY XVII century. 1.1. Eastern Slavs in the second half of the first millennium 6 1.1.1. East Slavic tribes and their neighbors 6 1.1.2. Occupations, social system, beliefs of the Eastern Slavs 9 1.2. The Old Russian state (IX - the first half of the XII century) 12 1.2.1. The emergence of statehood among the Eastern Slavs. Discussion about the origin of the Old Russian state 12 1.2.2. Princes and squad. Veche orders 13 1.2.3. Acceptance of Christianity. The role of the church in the history of ancient Russia 16 1.2.4. Categories of the population. Russkaya Pravda 19 1.2.5. International Relations of Ancient Russia. Influence of Byzantium and the peoples of the Steppe 22 1.2.6. Culture of Ancient Russia. Christian culture and pagan traditions 24 1.3. Russian lands and principalities in the XII - mid-XV in 32 1.3.1. Causes of the collapse of the Old Russian state. Vladimir-Suzdal principality; Novgorod the Great; Galicia-Volyn principality : political system, economic development, culture 32 1.3.2. Mongol conquest and its influence on the history of our country. Expansion from the West and its role in the history of the peoples of Russia and the Baltic states 38 1.3.3. Formation of the Golden Horde. Russia and the Horde 40 1.3.4. Formation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Russian lands within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 42 1.3.5. The struggle for political hegemony in North-Eastern Russia. Moscow as the center of the unification of Russian lands. Moscow princes and their policy 47 1.3.6. The role of the church in the consolidation of Russian lands 49 1.3.7. Battle of Kulikovo and its significance. The emergence of national identity 51 1.3.8. Culture of Russia in the XII-XV centuries. Urban culture 53 1.4. The Russian state in the second half of the XV-beginning of the XVII century 60 1.4.1. Completion of the unification of Russian lands and the formation of the Russian state. Formation of central authorities 60 1.4.2. Sudebnik 1497. Forms of land tenure and categories of the population. The beginning of the enslavement of peasants 64 1.4.3. Russia under Ivan IV. Reforms of the middle of the XVI century. Formation of the ideology of autocracy 65 1.4.4. Oprichnina policy 66 1.4.5. Expansion of Russian territory in the 16th century: conquests and colonization processes. Livonian War 70 1.4.6. Culture of Russia in the 16th century 73 1.4.7. Troubles of the late XVI - early XVII century. (causes, essence, consequences). The fight against the Commonwealth and Sweden. The Beginning of the Romanov Dynasty 78 Training Test Tasks for Section 1 84 Section 2. HISTORY OF RUSSIA XVII-XVIII centuries. 2.1. Russia in the 17th century 94 2.1.1. Elimination of the consequences of the Troubles. New phenomena in the economy: the beginning of the formation of the all-Russian market, the formation of manufactories 94 2.1.2. Socio-political structure (autocracy, class structure of society). Council code of 1649. The system of serfdom 97 2.1.3. Expansion of the territory of the Russian state in the XVII century 103 2.1.4. Church split. Old Believers 106 2.1.5. Social movements in the XVII century 109 2.1.6. Culture of Russia in the 17th century. Strengthening secular elements in culture…. 113 2.2. Russia in the first half of the 18th century 118 2.2.1. Transformations of Peter I (socio-economic, state-administrative, military). The assertion of absolutism 118 2.2.2. Foreign policy in the first quarter of the XVIII century. North War. Formation of the Russian Empire 124 2.2.3. Changes in culture and life in the Petrine era 126 2.2.4. Russia in the period of palace coups 128 2.3. Russia in the second half of the 18th century 132 2.3.1. Domestic policy of Catherine II. enlightened absolutism. Letters of grant to the nobility and cities 132 2. 3.2. Features of the Russian economy in the second half of the XVIII century. The rise of serfdom 134 2.3.3. Social movements of the second half of the 18th century 137 2.3.4. Russia in the wars of the second half of the 17th century. Accession of new territories 140 2.3.5. Domestic and foreign policy of Paul I 142 2.3.6. The culture of the peoples of Russia and its connection with European and world culture XVIII in 145 Training test tasks for section 2 152 Section 3 RUSSIA In the XIX century. 3.1. Russia in 1801-1860 162 3.1.1. Domestic policy of Alexander I 162 3.1.2. Patriotic War of 1812. Foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. 169 3.1.3. Decembrists 172 3.1.4. Domestic policy of Nicholas I (1825-1855) 175 3.1.5. Socio-economic development of pre-reform Russia 179 3.1.6. Social thought in 1830-1850: "protective" direction, Slavophiles and Westernizers, supporters of communal socialism 182 3.1.7. The peoples of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. National policy of autocracy. Caucasian War 185 3.1.8. Foreign policy in the second quarter of the XIX century. Eastern (Crimean) War (1853-1856) 188 3.1.9. The development of culture in the first half of the 19th century 190 3.2. Russia in the 1860s-1890s 194 3.2.1. Domestic policy of Alexander II (1855-1881) Reforms of the 1860s-1870s 194 3.2.2. Domestic politics Alexander III 200 3.2.3. Socio-economic development in the post-reform period. Completion of the industrial revolution. Emergence of commercial and industrial monopolies 203 3.2.4. Ideological currents, political parties and social movement in 1860-1890. Conservatives, liberals. The evolution of populism. Beginning of the labor movement. Russian Social Democracy 205 3.2.5. The main directions and events of Russia's foreign policy in the 1860-1890s. expansion of the empire. Participation in military alliances 209 3.2.6. The peoples of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century. National policy of autocracy 215 3.2.7. Culture and way of life of the peoples of Russia in the second half of the 19th century 4.1. Russia in 1900-1916 232 4.1.1. Russia at the beginning of the 20th century: autocracy and society; class system; economic and political development; modernization problems. Reforms S. Yu. Witte. Russo-Japanese War 232 4.1.2. Ideological currents, political parties and social movements in Russia at the turn of the century. Revolution 1905-1907 Duma monarchy 239 4.1.3. Reforms of P. A. Stolypin 245 4.1.4. Culture at the beginning of XX in 246 4.1.5. Russia in the First World War. The impact of the war on Russian society 249 4.2. Russia in 1917-1920 258 4.2.1. Revolution of 1917 From February to October 258 4.2.2. Proclamation and approval of Soviet power. Constituent Assembly. Domestic and foreign policy of the Soviet government in 1917-1920. 265 4.2.3. Civil war: participants, stages, main fronts. Intervention. "War Communism". Results and consequences of the Civil War 275 4.3. Soviet Russia, USSR in 1920-1930 284 4.3.1. The crisis of the early 1920s Transition to the New Economic Policy 284 4.3.2. Education of the USSR. The Choice of Ways of Unification National Policy in the 1920s-1930s. 287 4.3.3. Political life in 1920-1930. Intraparty struggle. The cult of personality of I. V. Stalin. Mass repression. Constitution of 1936 289 4.3.4. Winding down the New Economic Policy 299 4.3.5. Cultural Revolution” (assertion of a new ideology, elimination of illiteracy, development of education, science, artistic culture) 304 4.3.6. Foreign policy of the Soviet state in the 1920s-1930s. USSR on initial stage World War II 306 4.4. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 312 4.4.1. The main stages and battles of the Great Patriotic War 312 4.4.2. The heroism of the Soviet people during the war. Rear during the war years. Ideology and culture during the war 319 4.4.3. Fascist "new order" in the occupied territories. Partisan movement 321 4.4.4. Anti-Hitler coalition 323 4.4.5. The end of the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War. The results of the war 324 4.5. USSR in 1945-1991 326 4.5.1. USSR in the first post-war decade: economic recovery, creation of nuclear missile weapons, ideological campaigns of the late 1940s. "Cold War" And its impact on domestic and foreign policy 326 4.5.2. USSR in the mid-1950s - mid-1960s. 336 4.5.3. USSR in the mid-1960s - mid-1980s. 346 4.5.4. USSR in the second half of the 1980s. The policy of perestroika and glasnost. Attempts to reform the economy and political system. Foreign policy: "new political thinking". Events in 1991. The collapse of the USSR. Education of the CIS 359 4.5.5. The development of Soviet science and culture in the 1950s-1980s. 371 4.6. Russia in 1992-2007 374 4.6.1. Formation of a new Russian statehood. Events in 1993 Adoption of the Constitution in 1993 3747 4.6.2. Transition to a market economy 381 4.6.3. Political, economic, national and cultural development modern Russia 384 4.6.4. Russia in the system of modern international relations 396 Practice tests for section 4 398 Answers to examples of USE assignments and practice tests 408 TRAINING TESTS Option 1 440 Option 2 461 Option 3 475 Answers 487

M.: 2019. - 496s. M.: 2017. - 496s. M.: 2016. - 464s. M.: 2014. - 464 p.

The reference book, addressed to graduates and applicants, contains the material of the course "History of Russia", which is checked at the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks are compiled - control and measuring materials (CMM) of the Unified State Examination. The reference book includes three sections: "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", the content of which is presented in the form of structural-logical diagrams and tables, allowing not only to quickly memorize extensive factual material, but also to understand the relationship between individual events and phenomena. , processes. Sample tasks and answers to them, completing each section, as well as a version of the test work in the USE format, will help to assess the level of preparation for the exam. The manual contains a glossary of terms and concepts, the knowledge of which is necessary for the successful passing of the unified state exam.

Format: pdf (2019 , 5th ed., 496s.)

The size: 8 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2017 , 3rd ed., 496s.)

The size: 4.3 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2016 , 464s.)

The size: 6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Format: pdf (2014 , 464s.)

The size: 5.6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Preface 9
Section 1. Antiquity and the Middle Ages and
1.1. Peoples and ancient states on the territory of Russia 12
East Slavic tribes and their neighbors 13
Occupations of the Eastern Slavs 14
The social structure of the Eastern Slavs 15
Beliefs of the Eastern Slavs 15
1.2. Russia in IX - early XII in 16
The main prerequisites for the formation of statehood among the Eastern Slavs 17
Stages of formation of statehood among the Eastern Slavs 18
Old Russian princes and their politics 18
Management of the Old Russian state in the X-XII centuries 21
Adoption of Christianity 22
Categories of the population in the Old Russian state 23
"Russian Truth" - a code of laws of the Old Russian state 24
International Relations of Ancient Russia 25
Culture of Ancient Russia 25
1.3. Russian lands and principalities in the XII - mid-XV in 27
Causes of the collapse of the Old Russian state 28
The main centers of political fragmentation in Russia 29
Organization of management in Veliky Novgorod 30
Mongol conquests 31
Formation of the Golden Horde. Russia and the Horde 33
Manifestations of the Horde yoke 34
Relations between Russia and the Golden Horde in the XIII century. 35
Expansion from the West in XIII to 36
Prerequisites for the unification of Russian lands 37
The struggle for leadership in the political unification of Russian lands 38
Reasons for the rise of Moscow 38
Moscow princes and their politics 39
Battle of Kulikovo 42
Restoring the economy of Russian lands 43
Russian city 44
Culture of Russia in the XII-XV centuries 45
1.4. The Russian state in the second half of the 15th - early 17th century in 46
Moscow princes and their politics 47
Central authorities of the Russian state in the XV - early XVI in 48
Significance of the formation of the Russian centralized state 48
Categories of the population of the XV-XVI centuries 49
The beginning of the reign of Ivan IV 51
Reforms of the middle of the XVI century in 52
Oprichnina 53
The formation of serfdom in Russia 55
Foreign policy of Ivan IV 57
Culture of Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries 59
Troubles of the late XVI - early XVII in 62
Stages of the Time of Troubles 63
Social movements at the beginning of the XVII century in 66
Aftermath of Troubles 68
Elimination of the consequences of the Troubles 69
The first Romanovs and their politics 70
New phenomena in the economy 73
The highest bodies of state power and administration in the XVII century in 74
Local government in the XVII to 75
Legal registration of serfdom 75
Church split 77
Social movements in the 17th century in 79
Examples of tasks 81
Section 2. New time 95
2.1. Russia in the XVIII - mid XIX in 96
Transformations of Peter I the Great 97
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire (1725) 105
Absolute power of the monarch 106
Significance of the formation of an absolute monarchy in Russia 106
Northern War (1700-1721) 107
Russia in the period of palace coups 109
"Enlightened Absolutism" 115
The policy of "enlightened absolutism" of Catherine II the Great (1762-1796) 116
Formation of the estate system in the XVIII century in 120
Economy of Russia in the XVIII - the first half of the XIX century 121
Russia's foreign policy in the second half of the 18th century in 126
Domestic and foreign policy of Paul I (1796-1801) 128
Culture of Russia in the second half of the 18th - first half of the 19th century 132
Domestic and foreign policy of Alexander I (1801-1825) 139
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century 145
Patriotic War of 1812 146
Foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. 149
Decembrist movement 151
Domestic policy of Nicholas I (1825-1855) 155
The main directions of social thought in Russia in the second quarter of the 19th century 160
Foreign policy in the second quarter of the 19th century 165
2.2. Russia in the second half of the XIX - early XX in 173
Reforms of the 1860s-1870s 174
The policy of counter-reforms 184
Capitalist relations in industry and agriculture 188
Social movement in Russia after the abolition of serfdom 191
The main directions and events of Russia's foreign policy in the 1860-1890s 199
Russian culture in the second half of the XIX - early XX in 206
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century in 213
The estate system of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in 214
Economic development of Russia in 1901-1913. 215
Ideological currents in Russia at the turn of the century 217
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) 219
Revolution of 1905-1907 222
The highest bodies of state power and administration of the Russian Empire in 1905-1914 226
The experience of Russian parliamentarism 227
The main political parties in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in 229
Reforms P.A. Stolypin 232
Job examples 236
Section 3. Recent history 249
3.1. Revolution and Civil War in Russia 250
Russia in World War I (1914-1918) 251
The impact of the war on Russian society 254
February Revolution of 1917 257
Dual power 260
Political tactics of the Bolsheviks 263
October armed uprising of 1917 in Petrograd 264
Constituent Assembly 266
Domestic and foreign policy
Soviet government in 1917-1918 267
Civil war and foreign intervention 272
The policy of "war communism" 279
Transition to the New Economic Policy 282
3.2. USSR in 1922-1991 285
Education of the USSR 287
Further nation-state construction in the USSR 290
Party discussions on the ways and methods of building socialism in the USSR 290
The cult of personality I.V. Stalin 293
Mass repressions 294
Constitution of the USSR 1936 297
Reasons for curtailing the New Economic Policy 298
Industrialization 299
Collectivization 301
"Cultural Revolution" 304
Foreign Policy Strategy of the USSR in the 1920s-1930s 309
USSR on the eve of the Great Patriotic War 314
Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 316
Restoration of the economy 340
Cold War 343
Intra-Party Struggle in the Mid-1950s 346
XX Congress of the CPSU and the condemnation of the cult of personality 348
Socio-economic reforms of the 1950s-1960s 349
"Stagnation" as a Manifestation of the Crisis of the Soviet Model of Development 353
Economic reforms of 1965 355
Constitution of the USSR 1977 356
Growing Crisis Phenomena in Soviet Society 358
Attempts to modernize the Soviet economy and political system in the 1980s 360
The policy of perestroika and glasnost 361
Social and economic transformations 364
Foreign policy of the USSR in the second half of the 1950s-1980s 368
The development of Soviet culture in the 1950s-1980s 376
3.3. Russian Federation 382
The collapse of the USSR 383
Political Crisis September - October 1993 386
Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 389
Transition to a market economy: reforms and their consequences 391
The Russian Federation in 2000-2013: the main trends in the socio-political development of the country at the present stage 394
The Russian Federation in 2000-2013: the main trends in the socio-economic development of the country at the present stage 398
Modern Russian culture 400
Russia in the system of modern international relations 403
Job examples 408
Dictionary 424
Literature 463
Practice version of the exam paper in history 467
History Examination Grading System 482
Attachment 1
Continuity of Russian statehood. 489
Annex 2
Top leadership of Soviet Russia - USSR (1917-1991) 491
Annex 3
Top leadership of the Russian Federation 494

The manual is intended to assist in the systematization, deepening and generalization of knowledge on the course of the history of Russia from antiquity to the present with the inclusion of elements of general history, as well as to introduce various types of tasks used as control measuring materials during the unified state exam (USE).
The structure of the manual corresponds to the codifier of content elements in history and includes the following sections: "Antiquity and the Middle Ages", "Modern Time", "Recent History", knowledge of the content of which is checked within the framework of the Unified State Examination.
The content components of the Russian history course are presented in the manual in a compact and visual form - in the form of structural-logical diagrams and tables, which makes it possible to reveal the most significant features of the most important historical phenomena, processes, events, patterns and directions of development of our country, to understand the connection between individual historical facts . Such a concise and accessible form of presentation of the material facilitates its development, makes it possible to save time on repeating the school history course, intensifying the process of preparing for the exam.
The arrows (->) used in the text of the manual indicate causal relationships between blocks of information, as a rule, revealing the following relationship: causes (preconditions, conditions, factors, etc.) -> consequences (outcomes, results, value, etc.) e) certain historical phenomena and processes.